EA019215B1 - Wind plant with cylindrical rotor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to wind-power engineering, in particular, to wind plants with a cylindrical rotor, a wind intake and a wind reflector. A design and a ratio of dimensions of main plains of wind generator are proposed. Effectiveness and reliability of the design are enhanced in a wide range of wind velocities.

Description

The invention relates to wind energy, namely to wind turbines with a cylindrical rotor.

State of the art

Known installations with a cylindrical rotor, including a wind intake, a wind sampling device and a weather vane, for example, according to US patents 4017204; 5009569; 4,189,280; 10199; 4260325.

US patent 4017204 from 04/12/1977

Differences:

the horizontal location of the axis of the rotor of the wind generator relative to the ground, the number and proportions of the rotor blades are different, the ratio of the width of the blade to the diameter of the rotor is different, the wind generator is located directly on the surface of the earth, the design, geometry and proportions of the wind deflector, wind intake, weather vane are also different, lack of limb and wings.

Disadvantages:

the rear casing of the rotor creates a great resistance to air flow. The rotor and casing become non-blasting, almost like a flat, dense obstacle with a small gap at the bottom. The area of this slot is equal to a maximum of 1.5 the area of the rotor blade (Fig. 1, 2), which makes this model ineffective. On the rotor, 1.5 blades operate under a load. The rest of the wind flow bypasses the design of the wind generator;

the location of the wind generator on the earth's surface makes it less effective, since the wind speed here is less than at altitude due to obstacles (buildings, forest). If you raise the wind generator to a height, you need a very material-intensive mast;

irrational and material-intensive design of the wind intake, wind picker and weathervanes in comparison with the functions performed by them.

US patent 5009569 from 04/23/1991

Differences:

the horizontal location of the axis of the rotor of the wind generator relative to the ground, the number and proportions of the rotor blades are different, the ratio of the width of the blade to the diameter of the rotor is different, the wind generator is located directly on the surface of the earth, the design, geometry and proportions of the wind deflector, wind intake, weather vane are also different, lack of limb and wings.

Disadvantages:

the disadvantages are the same as described above and only one rotor blade is additionally blown; the weather vane is located in the wind shadow. The wind generator will not be stably oriented to the wind, it will swing with an amplitude of about 50 °, also the weather vane is located on the ground, which makes it impossible to raise the wind generator above the ground.

U.S. Patent 4,189,280 of 02/19/1980

The wind generator with a cylindrical rotor is located horizontally, there is a wind intake and a wind deflector. The differences and disadvantages are the same as above. In addition, such a design cannot work. Closed through air flow. He cannot return to his meeting. The wind will flow around the structure of the wind generator as a solid obstacle similar to a wall. (Fig. 1A).

US No. 10199 dated June 29, 1929

The principle of operation of the wind engine, patented on June 29, 1929, is almost the same - the creation of a wind shadow on one side of the rotor blade and the discharge of air flow on the other side of the rotor.

Design flaws.

In the presence of a wind deflector directing the air flow to the active sides of the rotor blades, there is no wind intake, which forced the author to shift the vertical plane of the weather vane (rudder) from the plane of the axis of rotation of the rotor. But it is located in the wind shadow of the rotor, this will inevitably entail a rotation of the plane of the wind vane (rudder) by a significant angle α to the direction of the wind flow in order to balance the arising force on the wind pick (Fig. 1B).

From this drawing it can be seen that the angle of attack β of the wind flow relative to the wind pick becomes unprofitable.

The larger the angle α, the larger the angle β. The wind deflector fights with the weather vane, creating a load on the axle, and poorly fulfills its second purpose - dumping the air flow on the rotor blade.

The main differences.

1. The design of the blades. The blades significantly complicate the design of the rotor, as well as its cost and, in my opinion, do not increase the torque compared to the intended location

- 1 019215 eat rotor blades. The ratio of the width of the blades to the diameter of the rotor 1/3, as well as their number and shape are optimal.

2. There is no wind pick.

3. The weather vane is located in the wind shadow of the rotor and is shifted in the opposite direction from the wind pick.

Patent I8 4260325 of 07.1973

In the patent I8 4260325 from 07.1973, a wind generator is shown using a wind pick and a wind pick.

Design flaws.

A wind deflector of this configuration lacks approximately 1/3 of the air flow, as a result of which it does not balance the wind intake and gives less air flow to the rotor blades. Because of this, the weather vane has a curved shape towards the wind deflector. With such an arrangement of the wind deflector, wind intake, weather vane, their shapes and sizes, a stable orientation in the wind raises great doubts (Fig. 1C).

The forces P ₁ and P _{2 are} approximately equal, and their shoulders 1x and 1d are clearly different. The curved weather vane is partially located in the wind shade from the cone cap.

The design and shape of the blades is significantly complicated. Since the efficiency of the rotor depends on the volume of entrained air flow and the area of blown active blades, the rotor design can be simplified.

The use of a wheel bearing at the base of the rotor is not effective (conventional bearings have a lower coefficient of friction) and its operation in snowy or dusty conditions is significantly complicated.

Very cumbersome and material-intensive support structure (rotor base, mast, extensions).

Thus, existing structures are bulky and unstable and have low efficiency of converting wind energy into rotational moment of the rotor.

Object of the invention

The objective of the invention is to provide a highly efficient wind generator with a reliable design, operating in a wide range of wind speeds.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem is solved as follows.

A wind turbine with a cylindrical rotor and a wind directing device, including a wind intake, a wind deflector and a weather vane mounted on a rotary axis, is characterized in that the rotor has 6-10 blades in the following ratio of element sizes:

the ratio of the width of the blade to its length is 1: 4-1: 8, preferably 1: 4;

the ratio of the width of the blade In to the diameter of the rotor is 1: 2-1: 5, preferably 1: 3;

the angle of attack of the wind α on the plane of the wind deflector C and the wind intake Ό is 32-40 °, the angles γ and ω are 22-28 °;

the product of the projected width of the wind intake bb on the arm Рb of the force Pb created by the wind is equal to the product of the projected width of the wind deflector Bc on the arm Рc of the created force Pc

BcG / C - PcxPc, the ratio of the product of the area of the wind vane 8c on the arm P11 of the force generated by the wind to the product of part of the area of the wind deflector 8c on the shoulder Pc of the force created by the wind should be more than 1.5 ^> 1.5

8s x rs

Preferably, if the rotor has 8 blades.

The wind turbine is also characterized by the fact that the width of the wind inlet Lb = 0.25 of the diameter of the rotor, Pb = 2.5 Lb, the width of the wind deflector Lc = 0.42 of the diameter of the rotor, and Pc = 0.9 Lc.

Preferably, the rotor blades are concave.

The wind turbine may additionally contain upper and lower wings Κι and Р ₂ . moreover, the wings have the following sizes:

the width of the wing is 0.15-0.25 of the diameter of the rotor, the length of the wing is 0.3-0.6 of the diameter of the rotor.

The wind turbine is additionally characterized in that the weather vane is rotary in the plane of the rotary axis in positions perpendicular and parallel to the rotary axis.

List of drawings

In FIG. 1 shows schemes of wind generators with a cylindrical rotor from the existing level of technology;

in FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor with a representation of the wind flow;

in FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor with installed times

- 2 019215 measured lines;

in FIG. 4 shows a diagram of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor with established dimension lines;

in FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor in position with the weather vane folded;

in FIG. 6 shows a general view of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor.

Description of Examples

The inventive design relates to wind generators with a cylindrical rotor. The rotor consists of concave blades (denoted by the letter B in Fig. 2-4), mounted on the axis of rotation (denoted by the letter A in Fig. 2-4). On the same axis A, by means of hinges, there is a rigid structure, which includes a wind deflector (denoted by the letter C in Fig. 2-4) with a bend (denoted by the letter B in Fig. 2-4), a wind intake (denoted by the letter Ό in Fig. . 2-4), a weather vane (denoted by the letter H in Fig. 2-5), wings on top of the rotor and below the rotor (denoted by the letters B! And B ₂ , Fig. 2-4).

This design and the rotor can rotate on an axis relative to each other. At the bottom of the axis is an electric generator (indicated by the letter 6 in Fig. 2-4). At the bottom of the rotor, the mast-support of the wind generator is fastened with three extensions (indicated by the letter E in Fig. 4) located at an angle of 120 ° relative to each other.

Proportions and ratio.

The ratio of the width of the blade (indicated by the letter B in Fig. 2-4) to its length is approximately 1/4.

The ratio of the width of the blade In to the diameter of the rotor is approximately 1/3.

The angle of attack of the wind in the plane of the wind deflector C and the wind inlet Ό (denoted by the letter α in Fig. 1a) is 32–40 °.

The product of the projected onto the wind width of the wind intake (denoted by Lb in Fig. 3) on the shoulder (denoted by Pb in Fig. 3) of the force created by the wind (denoted by Eb in Fig. 3) is equal to the product of the projected into the wind width of the wind deflector (denoted by Lb by Fig. 3) on the shoulder (denoted by Pc in Fig. 3) of the generated force (denoted by Ec in Fig. 2).

where bb is 0.25 of the rotor diameter, Pb = 2.5 bb, bc is 0.42 of the rotor diameter, Pc = 0.9 bc.

The ratio of the product of the area of the weathervane (denoted. §And in Fig. 4) on the shoulder (denoted by Pn in Fig. 4) of the force generated by the wind to the product of the part of the area of the wind deflector (denoted by §c in Fig. 3) on the shoulder (denoted by Pc on Fig. 4) the force generated by the wind should be greater than 1.5.

_{> 15}

CxRc ’

Wind deflector C ends along the entire plane with a limb (denoted by the letter B in Fig. 2), the projected value of which is 0.2 bc on the wind.

The upper and lower wings (B! And B _{2 of} Fig. 2; 4) have dimensions: the width of the wing is 0.4-0.8 of the width of the rotor blade, the length of the wing is 0.8-1.2 of the width of the rotor blade.

The highest wind utilization coefficient, respectively, and the highest wind generator power occurs when the centers of the blades move at a speed of 1.1 m / s at a wind speed of 3.5 m / s; 2 m / s at a wind speed of 6 m / s.

Principle of operation

Wind deflector C (Fig. 2) protects the curved sides of the rotor blades from the air flow and directs it to the concave sides of the rotor blades. Wind intake Ό (Fig. 2) captures the air flow and also directs to the concave sides of the rotor blades. When the wind pressure exerts a wind deflector and a wind pickup, the forces Ec / Еb appear (Fig. 2). The location and proportions of the wind deflector and the wind pick allow you to maintain the balance of the structure (wind pick, wind pick, weather vane) under the action of the wind.

The weather vane N (Fig. 2) orientates the structure towards the air flow. As seen in FIG. 2, the air flow pressure acts on the four blades 1, 2, 3, 4 of the cylindrical rotor, creating a torque on the axis A. The rotation through the multiplier is transmitted to the generator C (Fig. 2) to increase stability in strong winds. Wind deflector C (Fig. 2) ends with limb B (Fig. 2), which helps to balance the wind intake and creates a vacuum in the region of the blades of the passive zone of the rotor. Wings B1 and B2 also create a vacuum in the region of the blade of the passive zone of the rotor.

The weather vane N (Fig. 2-3) can fall parallel to the axis of the rotor A, turning around the hinge Ζ (Fig. 2-3). In hurricane winds, the weather vane drops and the design of the wind generator occupies the position with the least resistance to air flow, and the rotor can continue to work in light mode (Fig. 5).

- 3 019215

This position of the structure (wind pickup, wind pickup, weather vane) with respect to the wind will reduce the load on the supporting mast without stopping the generator.

Thus, the inventive wind generator with a cylindrical rotor has significant differences from existing ones and is characterized by the following features:

the shape, quantity and size of the blades; the optimal ratio of the width of the blade to the diameter of the rotor 1/3, and the ratio of the width and length of the blade 1/4;

shape and location of the wind deflector.

shape and location of the weather vane;

rotor support structure;

limb and wings.

Such a combination of features is not known from the prior art, which has a rather long history. The lack of information about such ratios and parameters of installations indicates an inventive step.

Industrial applicability is obvious due to the simplicity of the design.

Claims (5)

CLAIM 1. Wind turbine with a cylindrical rotor with blades and a wind guide device, including a wind intake, a wind deflector and a weather vane mounted on a rotary axis, characterized in that the wind turbine has the following ratio of element sizes: the ratio of the width of the blade to its length is 1: 4-1: 8, preferably 1: 4; the ratio of the width of the blade In to the diameter of the rotor is 1: 2-1: 5, preferably 1: 3; the angle of attack of the wind α in the plane of the wind deflector C and the wind intake And is 32-40 °, the angles γ and ω of capture of the reflected flows of the wind deflector and the wind intake are 22-28 °; the product of the projected width of the wind intake bb on the arm Рb of the force created by the wind Еб is equal to the product of the projected width of the wind deflector Бе on the shoulder Рc of the created force Ec S x Pc1 - kcxPc, the ratio of the product of the area of the wind vane 8c on the shoulder Pj of the force generated by the wind to the product of part of the area of the wind deflector 8c on the shoulder Pc of the force created by the wind should be more than 1.5 5 xpP _{>> 15} 5c .cp ’ 2. The wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the wind inlet Lb = 0.25 of the diameter of the rotor, Pb = 2.5 Lb, the width of the wind deflector Lc = 0.42 of the diameter of the rotor, and Pc = 0.9 Lc. 3. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor blades are made concave. 4. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises upper and lower wings B! and P ₂ . having dimensions: the width of the wing is 0.15-0.25 of the diameter of the rotor, the length of the wing is 0.30.6 of the diameter of the rotor. 5. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the weather vane is made rotary in the plane of the rotary axis in positions perpendicular and parallel to the rotary axis.