LT5078B - Process for producing liquid hydrocarbon - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns processes for preparing liquid hydrocarbons from peat, shale, lignite, brown coal and coal, coal concentration and oil processing waste, plastics, polymers, technical rubber, lignin and others. It can be useful in chemical industry of coal and oil processing.@According to invention craking and hydrogenization of starting materials are accomplished in the presence of hydrogen donor solvent under non-stacionary flow conditions of two-phase system of starting material/hydrogen donor solvent in the rotary apparatus with flow modulations. Water and fractional mixture characterized in boiling point 35-100 oC having post-fractioning residue with boiling point 450-600 oC and freezing point 20 oC are used as a hydrogen donor solvent. Hydrogenation and thermomechanical craking are intensified by cavitation effects. The process claimed simplifies technological process and enables to obtain products of higher quality.

Description

The present invention relates to methods for obtaining liquid hydrocarbons from solid fuels (peat, combustible shale, lignite, lignite and coal) and industrial waste carbon materials (coal enrichment and refinery waste, lignin, plastic pulp, rubber, etc.) and can be utilized. in the coal chemical and petroleum refining industries.

Known techniques for thermochemical reprocessing of coal - liquefaction - consist of hydrogenation and cracking using various hydrogen donor solvents and catalysts and under pressure heating.

For example, a known method of hydrogenation of carbon with an organic solvent and a hydrogenation catalyst containing Mo and Fe at 400-425 ° C under a hydrogen pressure of 50-100 atmospheres (SU a. I. No. 355867, TPK C10G 1/06).

A known process for liquefying carbon in the presence of atomic hydrogen formed by the ultrasonic treatment of molecular hydrogen (JP, Patent No. 5835247, TPKC10G 1/06).

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Known use of a light hydrocarbon fraction from hydrocarbon-derived products having a boiling point in the range of 35 to 200 ° C as a hydrogen donor solvent (GB Application No. 2085913,

TPK C10G 1/06, 1982).

A known method of converting carbon into liquid products is by mixing carbon with a solvent which is a mixture of thermally stable hydroaromatic hydrocarbons at elevated pressure and temperature (U.S. Patent No. 4081351, TPK 208-8, 1978).

A known method of thermomechanical cracking and hydrogenation of carbon which requires high temperature and high pressure (U.S. Patent No. 4,250,151, 1981).

Disadvantages of these known techniques include multistage, the complexity of the technology, the need to use specific catalysts, the use of high temperatures and pressures, significant energy costs and increased cost of the resulting products.

The closest to the proposed process is technically the thermomechanical cracking and hydrocarbon hydrogenation process in the presence of hydrogen-releasing chemicals in a mechanically fixed fluidized bed of finely divided particles. In addition, the mechanical action in the fluidized bed generates heat involved in cracking in addition to the mechanical action on the material, resulting in cracking in cavitation microbubbles and hydrogenation in the reactor at temperatures and pressures generally lower than other known cracking and hydrogenation processes (RU, Patent No. 21131903, TPK). C10G 1/06, 47/30,

1995).

The disadvantage of this method is the small effect of friction abrasive elements, namely steel balls, on the carbonaceous particulates to cause particularly fine grinding, resulting in incomplete opening of the carbonaceous grain and consequently incomplete incorporation of carbon into the hydrogenation process and insufficient fractions of pseudovirus products. yield.

Another drawback of the known process is the need to use a large amount of water to release the required amount of hydrogen involved in the hydrogenation, a sufficiently high vapor content in the cracked products and, as a consequence, a high water content in the light product fractions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for intensifying the process of ultra-fine particulate matter milling and thermal mass exchange processes under cavitation mode flow of the treated medium; increase the yield of the gasoline fraction with the boiling point 100 - 200 ° C and the yield of the diesel fraction with the boiling point 200 - 450 ° C.

The present problem is solved by the proposed method, in which liquid hydrocarbons are obtained from solid fuels and carbon material by thermomechanical cracking and hydrocarbon hydrocarbon biphasic system "feedstock - hydrogen donor solvent" under non-stationary flow conditions.

In addition, flow-interrupting machines are used as reaction apparatus, and rotary apparatus with flow modulation (interruption) are particularly effective.

As the hydrogen donor solvent, water and a fraction mixture with a boiling range of 35-100 ° C with a post-fractionation recirculating residue with a freezing point of 20 ° C and a boiling range of 450 to 600 ° C are used.

The installation and operation principle of reaction rotor apparatus with modulation of the medium to be treated 5 (interruption) allows the medium to be affected by a powerful intensification factor such as cavitation.

Cavitation is a complex non-stationary hydromechanical process, accompanied by spark formation of secondary physicochemical processes such as luminescence; shock, velocity and temperature shock waves; microstrips and cumulative microstrips; gas heating and ionization in the cavitation bubble. This abundance of secondary factors allows the successful use of cavitation in the cracking and hydrogenation process.

The emergence and development of cavitation in pores, slits and intergranular spaces of particulate matter promotes intense decomposition of the latter. The pressure generated by the closing cavitation bubbles reaches a magnitude of 10 ⁸ Pa. This ensures a sufficiently high degree of comminution, an increase in the relative surface area of the particulates and their reactivity. The acceleration of the process is due to the discrete distribution of energy in small volumes (cavitation centers) in large quantities. In this case, energy is concentrated in cavitation bubble-sized volumes (0.001 - 0.01 mm), which significantly intensifies the process.

A distinctive feature of a rotary apparatus with flow modulation (interruption) is that cavitation and a large number of secondary effects of cavitation occur in strongly turbulent media: dispersed phase particles traveling at high velocities, and at high accelerations up to 10 ⁵ m / s ² , exceeding the free fall acceleration by four orders of magnitude g. Shear stress and fluctuations add to the list of intensifying factors that positively influence the thermochemical decomposition of water by the formation of atomic hydrogen and the cracking processes in which heavy hydrocarbons and radicals are broken down into smaller, lower boiling molecules.

The method is carried out according to the scheme of Figs. 1, thus.

Line 1 of the pre-crushed solid starting material together with water line 15, boiling at 35-100 ° C, line 11 and recirculating residue having a freezing point of 20 ° C and boiling at 450-600 ° C, line 14 feeds the prepared slurry into the reaction apparatus 4 for thermomechanical cracking and hydrogenation. Particulate matter, including ash, line 5 passes to accumulator (not shown). The reaction products are fed by line 6 to a separator 7 where it separates the particulates, including ash, to the accumulator 8. Line 9 directs the further purified reaction products to a rectification column 10, from which line 11 directs the boiling fraction at 35-100 ° C to blender 2, line 12 directs the gasoline fraction boiling at 100-200 ° C, line 13 directs the boiling fraction to boiling point. at a temperature of 200-450 ° C and line 14 passes a fraction boiling at 450-600 ° C which solidifies at 20 ° C into a mixer 2.

Claims (4)

Definition of the Invention A process for the preparation of a liquid hydrocarbon from a solid fuel and carbon material 5 by thermomechanical cracking and hydrogenation, characterized in that the cracking and hydrogenation in the presence of a hydrogen donor solvent is carried out in a biphasic "raw material - hydrogen donor solvent" system. 10th 2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the biphasic systems carry out non-stationary flow in the reaction apparatus with interruption of the flow of the medium to be treated. 3. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that it is hydrogen The 15 donor solvents use water and a fraction mixture with a boiling range of 35-100 ° C with a post-fractionation recirculating residue with a freezing point of 20 ° C and a boiling range of 450-600 ° C. 4. A process according to claim 2, characterized in that it is a reaction apparatus 20 uses rotary apparatus with flow modulation (interruption).