LT3917B - Explosive composition and process for preparing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Invention applies to the field of the production of explosive materials and is specifically related to dynamite type explosive materials. The explosive material is produced of ammonium nitrate limestone powder and crude oil or of ammonium nitrate limestone powder, aluminium powder and pine waste powder according to required compositions in mass percentage. By the explosive effect it equals to most of industrial explosive materials being currently used. The simple production technology of the proposed explosive material and low budget material expenditures allow ultimately to refuse deficit of the industrial explosive materials intended for blasting work in civil engineering.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of explosive production and relates specifically to dynamone-type explosives. The proposed explosive, prepared at a lower material cost by simple manufacturing technology, containing ammonium nitrate flour, aluminum powder and crude oil or ammonium nitrate flour, aluminum powder and pine waste (needles, cones, bark, fine branches), is effective and designed for all blasting needs. Blasting operations must be carried out in accordance with the unified blasting rules.

The analogues of the proposed explosive materials are explosive materials manufactured in Russia according to technical regulations and standards with names most often corresponding to the first letters of the Russian words, which are written with the corresponding numerals. Among the closest analogs are granulites AS-4V, AS-8V, S-2, M and igdanite, which are described by Z.G. Pozdniakov and B.D. Rossi Journal of Industrial Explosives and Explosives, M., Nedra, 1977, as well as Explosives Described in SU 1697380 A1, SU 1638973 A1, SU 1561481 A1, SU 1639873 A1, SU 1718538 A1, and SU 1663923 A1 and the methods of obtaining them.

The main disadvantages of explosives and their production in the sources listed are:

1. Defective explosive and flammable components (tertiary, hexogen, dinitronaphthalene, diesel, lubricants, oils, aluminum compounds) and other special purpose chemicals, as follows:

2. explosives with flammable materials produced in accordance with claim 1 are often hypersensitive to standard initiators;

3. Explosive cartridges prepared with this type of explosive material are prone to segregation and exudation, which inevitably increases the risk of their use, and some cartridges do not detonate, even with combat initiation cartridges.

4. During the production of igdanite, diesel fuel vapors are produced which often exceed sanitary standards;

5. Igdanite with low operational efficiency, prone to exudation and deflagration, is initiated only by explosive charges;

6. The production process generates toxic dust from individual sensitizing explosives, for example 1 mg trotyl dust per 1 m ^{3 of} air already endangers human health.

The object of the invention is to produce an explosive material with a lower material cost, the operational efficiency of which is comparable to that of industrial ammonites, ammonals, gramonites, gramonals and which outperform igdanites and granulates.

The object of the invention is achieved by introducing crude oil rich in polymethylene hydrocarbon or pine waste flour into each of the explosive materials in addition to ammonium nitrate and replacing other known components (trothyl, hexogen, dinintronaphthalene, other nitro and gallium and aluminum compounds) with 1% by weight of flour aluminum powders according to the respective compositions:

composition no. 1

Petroleum Aluminum Powder Ammonium Nitrogen

4.5-5.5% + 1% + Remaining to 100% = 100% Composition # 2

Pine Almond Powder Ammonium Nitrogen Waste Flour

8-11% + 1% + the rest to 100% = 100%

All components are calculated by weight.

Example No. 1. Industrial granular ammonium nitrate, with a moisture content of not more than 0.4%, is crushed to a flour size of 0.01 - 0.1 mm in a rolling mill type ZM or ZS. Preferred flour temperature not exceeding 32 ° C. According to the composition No. 1 presented, both components are rolled in portions into batch MSN or SGK-1 mixers by means of metering units, where they are mixed to a uniform color and homogeneous consistency. After the ammonium nitrate flour has a uniform yellowish tint, a portion of the aluminum powder is introduced from the aluminum powder dispenser using a metering unit and mixed to obtain a uniformly colored and loose explosive mass.

Example 2 Industrial granular ammonium nitrate with a moisture content of not more than 0.4% crushed to a flour size of 0.01 - 0.1 mm in a rolling mill type ZM or ZS. Preferred flour temperature not exceeding 32 ° C. Natural or at 60 ° C dried pine waste (needles, cones, bark, fine branches) after pre-treatment is comminuted with flour-dust 0,01 0,03 mm fraction with DM or DKU hammer crushers. According to the provided composition No. 2 from rolling mills, aluminum powder container and hammer shredders (can be pre-made pine flour container) all components are dosed in portions into batch MSN or SGK -1 mixers, where they are blended to uniform gray and homogeneous bulk consistency.

The explosive produced according to composition No. 1 or No. 2 is immediately directed from the mixer and packed in an airtight polyethylene-lavsan container, which is also a refillable cartridge, which can subsequently be initiated by the users by standard (not necessarily combat) explosive means, e.g. capsules - detonators, electron-detonators, or detonating cord.

For explosives manufactured in accordance with Composition No. 1 and normally sealed in an airtight container, the shelf life is 12 months, and for Composition No. 2 the warranty is unlimited. The proposed explosive was tested in laboratory and field polygonal conditions in boreholes and open cartridges from 0.05 g to 75 kg and according to Z.G. Pozdniakov and B.D. Methods for testing explosives as described in Rossi's "Industrial Explosives and Explosives Handbook". Tests were conducted in accordance with state standards. Comparative results obtained:

Known explosives Proposed explosive Calculative experimental characteristics Igdanitas Ammonite 6VA Granulite Gramonite 50 / 50V Composition No. 1 Composition No. 2 AS-4V S -2 Byzantine by Gess mm - 10.18 - - • 12.14,5 13.16.5 Working capacity cm3 320.330 360.380 390-410 320.330 340.3.350 410-440 380-410 Detonation speed in km / s 2.2.2.8 3.6 to 4.8 2.8.3.3.5 2.4.3.3.0 3.6 to 4.2 3.3 to 4.0 4.1 to 4.4 Carton transmission at a distance cm 3..9 3..4 4.5 Sensitivity to Kd and initiators of detonating cords only with T-400 enough- mas only with the T-400 insufficient in open cartridge sufficient

The effectiveness of the proposed explosive material (Byzantine and fugitive) has also been tested under practical conditions of explosion of dolomite rock in boreholes, as well as granite field boulders with open cartridges. The initiators used were ED-8PM electron detonators and DS-A detonating cord. The efficiency of the proposed explosive when compared to analogues is sufficient.

The chemical resistance and thermostability of the explosive have been tested in durability tests by maintaining specimens in airtight containers with various temperature variations for 32 years.

National Standards methods have determined that specimens have not lost their explosive properties in terms of brilliance, performance, detonation speed and distance transmission.

This explosive is powder-like, gray in color and loose in polyethylene film bags or lavender containers. It is intended for all blasting operations except in flammable gas or dust environments.

In order to ensure the safety of people at work, during the production, storage, transport and use of explosives under industrial conditions, it is necessary to comply with the unified blasting regulations, as well as the standard specifications of the nearest analogues

GOST 21987-76, which do not contravene Resolution No. 17. In other cases not mentioned, follow the legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania on occupational safety, requirements of fire norms of buildings and equipment, recommendations of experts of explosive properties and chemists - recommendations.

Claims (6)

Definition of the Invention 1. An explosive consisting of ammonium nitrate, aluminum powder and a third component, characterized in that the third component is crude oil in order to reduce material costs and to obtain an explosive with a higher efficiency than known analogues. 2. An explosive according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains from 5.5 to 6.5% by weight of petroleum powder with petroleum and the ratio by weight of aluminum powder to petroleum is from 0.182 to 0.222. 3. An explosive consisting of ammonium nitrate, aluminum powder and a third component, characterized in that the third component contains pine waste (needles, cones, bark and fines) in order to reduce material costs and obtain an explosive of sufficient efficiency (compared to known analogues). branches) flour with a particle size of 0.01 to 0.03 mm. 4. An explosive according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains from 9 to 12% by weight of aluminum powder with pine waste flour, and the ratio by weight of aluminum powder to pine waste flour is from 0.091 to 0.125. 5. A process for the production of an explosive according to claims 1 and 3, comprising crushing, mixing and packing the components, characterized in that the industrial ammonium nitrate of up to 0.4% moisture content is reduced to particles of flour fraction up to 0.1 mm using a ZM rolling mill. . 6. Method for producing an explosive according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that, in order to reduce material costs, the explosive is not further processed after mixing, no additional components are introduced and immediately packed in an airtight polyethylene-lavash container material storage and reprocessing.