LT3906B - Electroplatismograph - Google Patents

Electroplatismograph Download PDF

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Publication number
LT3906B
LT3906B LTIP1950A LTIP1950A LT3906B LT 3906 B LT3906 B LT 3906B LT IP1950 A LTIP1950 A LT IP1950A LT IP1950 A LTIP1950 A LT IP1950A LT 3906 B LT3906 B LT 3906B
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Lithuania
Prior art keywords
detector
high frequency
frequency amplifier
hemo
increase
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LTIP1950A
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Lithuanian (lt)
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Albinas Stankus
Andrius Laurinavicius
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Albinas Stankus
Andrius Laurinavicius
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Priority to LTIP1950A priority Critical patent/LT3906B/en
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Publication of LT3906B publication Critical patent/LT3906B/en

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Abstract

Invention is attributed to medical engineering, namely to devices measuring hemo-dynamic parameters. The invention aims to increase the precision determination of the electrical plethysmogram variable component in relation to the constant component. Intending to increase the accuracy of electrical plethysmography measurements, the created device enables to directly measure relative changes in tissue volume and evaluate hemo-dynamics of various parts of organism in relative volume units, namely by millilitres in a capacity of hundred millilitres.

Description

Išradimas priskirtinas medicininei technikai, o tiksliau - hemodinaminių parametrų matavimo prietaisams.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to medical devices, and more particularly to devices for measuring hemodynamic parameters.

Plačiai naudojamas elektropletizmografas sudarytas iš aukšto dažnio srovės generatoriaus, generatorinių elektrodų, prijungtų prie srovės generatoriaus, matavimo elektrodų, prijungtų prie aukšto dažnio pradinio stiprintuvo, amplitudinio detektoriaus, varžos pastovios dedamosios balansavimo schemos, diferencijatoriaus ir artefaktų slopinimo schemos, reogramos ir jos išvestinės kalibratoriaus (JAV 3971365 patentas, TIK A 61 B 5/05 (prototipas).A widely used electroplethysmograph consists of a high frequency current generator, a generator electrode connected to a current generator, a measuring electrode connected to a high frequency preamplifier, an amplitude detector, a constant impedance balancing scheme, a differential and artefact suppression scheme, a rheogram and its derivatives. Patent 3971365, A 61 B 5/05 ONLY (Prototype).

Elektropletizmografinis metodas plačiai naudojamas jvairių organizmo sričių kraujotakos tyrimui. Metodas pagrjstas tuo, kad elektrinio laidumo pokyčiai susiję su pulsiniais kraujotakos svyravimais visose organizmo dalyse. Daugelis tyrinėtojų stengėsi išskirti šią kintamąją varžos dedamąją kaip pagrindinį signalą, netiesiogiai informuojant) apie tūrinius kraujagyslių pokyčius širdies ciklo metu (PypcBHy M.H., ConoBbeB A.H., ΤΓκτοΒΊβΗΚΟ JI.II., JĮojiOMaH JI.B, IlMneflaHCKaa peameTH3Morpaį>na. KneB: Haya. flyinca, 1982. - 176 c. Mkhu A3L, Ροηκηη M.A. PeorpatįiraecKaa fljiarHocniKa cocyqncTUX 3a5o.ieBaHjni γοποβηογο M03ra. - KneB, 1967. - 165 c. Πππψγκ B.H., TepexoBa JIT, TexHHKa n MeTOfliiKa peorpa<J)HH h njieraaMorpaįniH. - M.: MefliTipma, 1983. - 175 c.)The electroplethysmographic method is widely used to study blood circulation in various areas of the body. The method is based on the fact that changes in electrical conductivity are related to pulse fluctuations in blood circulation in all parts of the body. Many researchers have sought to isolate this variable impedance component as the primary signal (indirectly informing) of volumetric vascular changes during the cardiac cycle (PypcBHy MH, ConoBbeB AH, ΤΓκτοΒΊβΗΚΟ JI.II., JĮojiOMaH JI.B, IlMneflaHCKaaįaayaK3aoraMa3a). , 1982. - 176 c. Mkhu A3L, Ροηκηη MA PeorpatíiraecKaa fljiarHocniKa cocyqncTUX 3a5o.ieBaHjni γοποβηογο M03ra. - KneB, 1967. - 165 c. - M.: MefliTipma, 1983 - 175 c.)

Išradimo tikslas - elektropletizmogramos, kintamos dedamosios santykio su pastovia dedamąja, matavimo tikslumo padidinimas.The object of the present invention is to increase the accuracy of the measurement of the ratio of a variable component to a constant component.

{prasta, kad tyrinėtojai metodiniais sprendimais siekia įvertinti audinių ir organų pripildymą krauju absoliutiniais tūrio vienetais. Kintamos varžos amplitudiniai parametrai, matuojami omais, duoda kiekybinį neadekvatų, fiziologine prasme, vaizdą apie vienos ar kitos organizmo srities kraujotaką.It is a pity that researchers seek methodological solutions to measure the volume of blood and tissues in absolute units. Variable impedance amplitude parameters, measured in ohms, give a quantitative inaccurate, physiologically, picture of one or another area of the body's blood flow.

Remiantis priklausomybe AVA7 = AZ/Z => AU/U (1.1) čia Z - nuolatinė laidininko varža, ΔΖ - kintamoji varžos dedamoji, V - laidininko tūris, AV - kintamoji tūrio dedamoji, AU, Uo - kintama ir nuolatinė įtampos, krentančios laidininke, dedamosios (HayiicHKo A.H., Ckothhkob B.B. Ochobu sneKrponnc'nnMorpaįjįm. - JI.: Me/murma, 1975. - 216 c.) ir, siekiant padidinti matavimo tikslumą buvo sukurtas prietaisas, kuris leidžia tetrapoliariniu būdu matuoti patį santykį AZ/Z. Gautos amplitudinės reikšmės atvaizduoja pulsinius tūrių AVA/ pokyčius laike santykiniais vienetais, arba, žinant matuojamos kūno dalies tūrį, leidžia gauti absoliutinius tūrio pokyčiusBased on the dependence AVA 7 = AZ / Z => AU / U (1.1) where Z is the constant impedance of the conductor, ΔΖ is the variable impedance component, V is the conductor volume, AV is the variable volume component, AU, U o is the variable and DC voltage, falling on the conductor, the components (HayiicHKo AH, Ckothhkob BB Ochobu sneKrponnc'nnMorpa'jam. - JI: Me / murma, 1975 - 216 c.) and in order to increase the accuracy of the measurement, a device was developed which allows tetrapolar measurement of the ratio AZ / Z itself. . The resulting amplitude values represent pulse-volume AVA / changes over time in relative units, or, knowing the volume of the body part being measured, give absolute volume changes

AV = AZ/Z * V. (1.2)AV = AZ / Z * V. (1.2)

Brėžinyje pateikta šiems matavimams siūlomo elektropletizmografo struktūrinė schema. Prietaisas sudarytas iš aukšto dažnio srovės generatoriaus 1, prie kurio pajungti generatoriniai elektrodai 2, matavimo elektrodų 3, prijungtų prie aukšto dažnio stiprintuvo 4, aukšto dažnio stiprintuvo 5, kurio stiprinimo koeficientas valdomas detektoriaus 6 išėjimo signalo, detektoriaus 6, atraminės įtampos bloko 7, žemo dažnio stiprintuvo 8 ir registratoriaus 9; 10 - biologinis objektas.The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the proposed electroplethysmograph for these measurements. The device comprises a high frequency current generator 1 to which the generating electrodes 2 are connected, measuring electrodes 3 connected to a high frequency amplifier 4, a high frequency amplifier 5 whose amplification factor is controlled by the output signal of the detector 6, the detector 6, the low voltage unit 7. frequency amplifier 8 and recorder 9; 10 - biological object.

Prietaiso veikimo principas. Aukšto dažnio srovės generatoriaus 1 sukurta srovė tekėdama biologinio objekto 10 segmentu tarp elektrodų 3 sudaro jtampos kritimąPrinciple of device operation. The current generated by the high frequency current generator 1 flows through the segment of the biological object 10 between the electrodes 3 to cause a voltage drop

U = (Uo + AU(t))* sin(co*t); (1.3) čia (Uo + AU) - sinusinio signalo amplitudė moduliuota matuojamos srities varžos pokyčiais AZ(t). įtampa U stiprinama aukšto dažnio stiprintuve 4, kurio stiprinimo koeficientas KiU = (Uo + AU (t)) * sin (co * t); (1.3) here (Uo + AU) - The amplitude of the sinusoidal signal is modulated by the change in impedance AZ (t) of the measured region. the voltage U is amplified in a high frequency amplifier 4 with a gain factor Ki

Ui = Ki* (Uo+ AU(t))*sin (t»*t) (1.4)Ui = Ki * (Uo + AU (t)) * sin (t »* t) (1.4)

Jei detektorius 6 išskiria signalą Uo + AU(t) su perdavimo funkcija K4= 1, tai įtampą U3 detektoriaus išėjime galima užrašytiIf the detector 6 emits a signal Uo + AU (t) with a transfer function K 4 = 1, the voltage at the output of the detector U3 can be recorded

U3=U2*(l/(l+K2))*(T*s+l)/(T*s/(l+K2)+l)+K2/(T*s/(l+K2)+l)*(Uc+AU(t))/Uo (1.5) kur T - sistemos laiko pastovioji, s - Laplaso operatorius.U3 = U 2 * (l / (l + K 2 )) * (T * s + l) / (T * s / (l + K 2 ) + l) + K 2 / (T * s / (l + K) 2 ) + l) * (U c + AU (t)) / Uo (1.5) where T - system time constant, s - Laplace operator.

Atlikus atvirkštinę Laplaso transformaciją, gauname, kadBy performing the inverse Laplace transform, we get that

U3 = (1/(1+K2)*(U2 * (1 + K2 * exp(-t*(l+K2)/T)) + + K2 * (Uo + AU(t)) / Uo * (1 - exp(-t* (1+K2)/T))); (1.6)U 3 = (1 / (1 + K 2 ) * (U 2 * (1 + K 2 * exp (-t * (l + K 2 ) / T))) + + K 2 * (Uo + AU (t) ) / Uo * (1 - exp (-t * (1 + K 2 ) / T))); (1.6)

Tokiu būdu jtampos pokyčiai detektoriaus išėjime priklauso nuo jtampos nuolatinės ir kintamos dedamųjų santykio AU(t)/U0. įtampa U3 toliau stiprinama žemo dažnio stiprintuve 8 ir registruojama registratoriumi 9.Thus, the voltage changes at the detector output depend on the ratio of the voltage constant to the variable component AU (t) / U 0 . the voltage U3 is further amplified in the low frequency amplifier 8 and registered by the registrar 9.

Tuo pačiu išsprendžiama daugelis uždavinių:At the same time many challenges are solved:

1. Svarbiausias pasiekimas tas, kad tiesiogiai gaunami amplitudiniai pokyčiai be papildomų skaičiavimų atvaizduoja tūrinius pokyčius. Prietaisas kalibruojamas sudarant pagrindinės varžos 0,1% pokytj lygiagrečiai prijungiant papildomą varžą. Tokiu būdu amplitudiniai pokyčiai iš karto jvertinami procentais. Pavyzdžiui, krūtinės srityje gaunamas 0,9% pokytis, tai reiškia, kad kiekvienam 100 ml matuojamo tūrio sistolės metu gaunamas 0,9 ml tūrio pokytis. Toks klausimų sprendimas leidžia tiesiogiai įvertinti įvairių organizmo sričių hemodinamiką matavimo vienetais, kurie artimi priimtiems fiziologijoje, t.y. ml/100 g medžiagos.1. The major achievement is that the directly obtained amplitude changes represent volumetric changes without additional calculations. The instrument shall be calibrated by plotting a 0.1% change in the primary impedance in parallel with the additional impedance. In this way, the amplitude changes are immediately evaluated as a percentage. For example, a change of 0.9% is obtained in the thoracic region, which means that for every 100 ml of the volume measured, a change of 0.9 ml is obtained. This kind of questioning allows for a direct assessment of the hemodynamics of various areas of the body in units of approximation to those accepted in physiology, i.e. ml / 100 g of substance.

2. Tiesioginis ΔΖ/Ζ matavimas atliekamas tiksliau nei kitais metodais, kur Z reikšmė buvo nuskaitoma iš elektropletizmografo indikatoriaus. Be to, matuojant santykj ΔΖ/Ζ atkrenta būtinybė žinoti matuojamos kūno dalies specifinę varžą, kuri dalybos metu savaime pasinaikina.2. Direct measurement of ΔΖ / Ζ is performed more accurately than with other methods, where the Z value was read from the electroplethysmograph indicator. In addition, measuring the ΔΖ / Ζ ratio eliminates the need to know the specific resistance of the body part being measured, which is self-defeating during division.

3. Nereikia matuoti laidininko ilgio ir skerspjūvio ploto, nes gauti rezultatai nuo šių dydžių nepriklauso. Pulsiniai tūrio kitimai, matuojami kiekviename 100 ml tūryje, nepriklauso nuo to ar jie matuojami dideliame ar mažame tūryje. Čia įtakoja kita priklausomybė - fiziologinė. Pasikeitus laidininko skerspjūviui ar ilgiui dėl elektrodų padėties pokyčio, j erdvę tarp elektrodų gali patekti kito tipo audiniai, kur yra kita kraujotaka.3. The conductor length and cross-sectional area need not be measured, as the results obtained are independent of these dimensions. The pulse volume changes measured in each 100 ml volume are independent of whether they are measured in large or small volumes. Here, another addiction is influenced - physiological. Changes in conductor cross-section or length due to a change in electrode position may allow other types of tissue to enter the space between the electrodes where there is another blood flow.

Claims (1)

IŠRADIMO APIBRĖŽTISDEFINITION OF INVENTION Elektropletizmografes, susidedantis iš aukšto dažnio srovės generatoriaus, generatorinių paciento elektrodų, prijungtų prie aukšto dažnio srovės generatoriaus, matavimo elektrodų, prijungtų prie aukšto dažnio stiprintuvo, detektoriaus, žemo dažnio stiprintuvo ir registratoriaus, besiskiriantis tuo, kad prie detektoriaus pajungtas atraminis įtampos blokas, tarp aukšto dažnio stiprintuvo išėjimo ir detektoriaus jėjimo jjungtas papildomai aukšto dažnio stiprintuvas su valdomu stiprinimo koeficientu, kurio valdymo jėjimas sujungtas su detektoriaus ^όϋι-ηι iElectroplethysmograph consisting of a high frequency current generator, patient generator electrodes connected to a high frequency current generator, measuring electrodes connected to a high frequency amplifier, a detector, a low frequency amplifier and a recorder, characterized in that a reference voltage block is connected to the detector frequency amplifier output and detector input additionally connected high frequency amplifier with controllable gain factor whose control input is coupled to detector ^ όϋι-ηι i
LTIP1950A 1994-06-14 1994-06-14 Electroplatismograph LT3906B (en)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3971365A (en) 1973-02-12 1976-07-27 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Bioelectrical impedance measuring system

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3971365A (en) 1973-02-12 1976-07-27 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Bioelectrical impedance measuring system

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
A. J. MINC ET AL.: "Reograficeskaja diagnostika sosudistich zabolevanij, 1967", pages: 165
A.I. NAUMENKO ET AL: "Osnovi elektropletizmografiji. Medicina, 1975", pages: 216
GUREVIC ET AL.: "Impedanskaja reopletizmografija. Kiev, 1967", pages: 165
V.I. PLISCUK ET AL: "Technika i metodika reografiji , Medicina, 1983", pages: 175

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