KR960016945A - Variable pressure adsorption - Google Patents

Variable pressure adsorption Download PDF

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KR960016945A
KR960016945A KR1019950044784A KR19950044784A KR960016945A KR 960016945 A KR960016945 A KR 960016945A KR 1019950044784 A KR1019950044784 A KR 1019950044784A KR 19950044784 A KR19950044784 A KR 19950044784A KR 960016945 A KR960016945 A KR 960016945A
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vessel
component
outlet end
gas
moving
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오. 렘코프 노베르토
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래리 알, 카셋트
더 비오씨 그룹, 인코포레이티드
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
    • B01D53/053—Pressure swing adsorption with storage or buffer vessel
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    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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    • C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
    • C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
    • C01B13/0248—Physical processing only
    • C01B13/0259—Physical processing only by adsorption on solids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/04—Purification or separation of nitrogen
    • C01B21/0405—Purification or separation processes
    • C01B21/0433—Physical processing only
    • C01B21/045—Physical processing only by adsorption in solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40003—Methods relating to valve switching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40007—Controlling pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40011—Methods relating to the process cycle in pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40077—Direction of flow
    • B01D2259/40079—Co-current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40011—Methods relating to the process cycle in pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40077—Direction of flow
    • B01D2259/40081—Counter-current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/402—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using two beds

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)

Abstract

기체 혼합물의 성분들을 다수개의 흡착 용기에서 압력 가변식 흡착에 의해 분리시킨다. 1/2 주기 흡착의 첫 번째 단계는 첫 번째 베드에서 수행되는 반면, 두 번째 베드는 역방향으로 탈착된다. 상기 첫 번째 단계의 끝에서, 첫 번째 베드는 역방향으로 배기되고, 첫 번째 베드 평형화 단계로서 상기 첫 번째 및 두 번째 베드는 유출구-유출구 평형화 또는 유출구-(유입구 및 유출구) 평형화가 수행된다. 상기 배기 단계를 상기 첫 번째 베드 평형화 단계에 선행하여 수행하거나 동시에 수행할 수도 있다. 두 번째 평형화 단계에서, 상기 베드들에 유입구-유입구 및 유출구-유출구 평형화를 동시에 수행한다. 이어서 두 번째 베드를 비흡착된 생성 기체로 더욱 가압시킨다. 이어서 상기 1/2 주기를 반복하나, 단 이때 상기 첫 번째 베드를 두 번째 베드로 치환시키거나, 또는 이와 역으로 치환시킨다.The components of the gas mixture are separated by pressure variable adsorption in a plurality of adsorption vessels. The first stage of the half cycle adsorption is carried out in the first bed, while the second bed is desorbed in the reverse direction. At the end of the first step, the first bed is evacuated in reverse, and as the first bed equilibration step, the first and second beds are subjected to outlet-outlet equilibration or outlet- (inlet and outlet) equilibration. The evacuation step may be performed prior to or simultaneously with the first bed equilibration step. In a second equilibration step, inlets and inlets and outlets are simultaneously equilibrated to the beds. The second bed is then further pressurized with nonadsorbed product gas. The 1/2 cycle is then repeated, with the first bed replaced by a second bed, or vice versa.

Description

압력 가변식 흡착법Variable pressure adsorption

본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음As this is a public information case, the full text was not included.

제1도는 본 발명의 바람직한 실시태양의 실시를 위해 장치된 2-흡착기 플랜트의 개략도이다.1 is a schematic diagram of a two-adsorber plant equipped for practicing a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (16)

첫 번째 1/2 주기로서 (a) 기체 혼합물을 선택된 과대기압에서 첫 번째 용기를 통해 같은 방향으로 공급함으로써 첫 번째 성분-풍부 분획을 흡착하고 두 번째 성분-풍부 기체 생성물을 상기 용기로부터 그의 유출 단부를 통해 방출시키는 반면, 두 번째 용기를 역방향으로 감압시킴으로써 상기 두 번째 용기로부터 첫 번째 성분-풍부 분획을 탈착시키는 단계; (b) 상기 첫 번째 용기내로의 상기 기체 혼합물의 흐름을 종결시키는 단계; (c) 상기 첫 번째 용기로부터 기체 혼합물을 역방향으로 배기시키는 단계; (d) 상기 첫 번째 용기의 유출 단부로부터 상기 두 번째 용기의 유출 단부내로 기체를 이동시킴으로써 상기 두 번째 용기를 부분적으로 가압시키는 단계; (e) 기체를, 상기 첫번째 용기의 유출 단부로부터 상기 두번째 용기의 유출 단부내로, 및 상기 첫번째 용기의 유입 단부로부터 상기 두번째 용기의 유입 단부내로 동시에 이동시킴으로써 상기 두번째 용기를 더욱 가압시키는 단계; 및 (f) 상기 기체 혼합물을 상기 두 번째 용기내로 같은 방향으로 이동시킴으로써 상기 두 번째 용기를 상기 선택된 과대기압으로 가압시키는 단계를 수행하고; 두번째 1/2 주기로서 상기 (a) 내지 (f) 단계를 반복하나, 단 상기 첫 번째 용기와 두 번째 용기의 역할이 반대로 된 단계를 수행함을 포함하는, 각 용기가 상기 기체 혼합물중의 두 번째 성분보다 첫 번째 성분을 강하게 흡착하는 흡착제 베드를 함유하고 유입 단부와 유출 단부를 갖는 다수개의 용기에서 압력 가변식 흡착(pressure swing adsorption)에 의한 기체 혼합물 성분들의 연속 분리 방법.As a first half cycle (a) adsorbing the first component-rich fraction and feeding the second component-rich gas product from the vessel at its outlet end by feeding the gas mixture in the same direction through the first vessel at the selected overpressure Desorbing the first component-rich fraction from the second vessel by depressurizing the second vessel in the reverse direction while releasing through; (b) terminating the flow of the gas mixture into the first vessel; (c) evacuating the gas mixture from the first vessel in a reverse direction; (d) partially pressurizing the second vessel by moving gas from the outlet end of the first vessel into the outlet end of the second vessel; (e) further pressurizing the second vessel by simultaneously moving gas from the outlet end of the first vessel into the outlet end of the second vessel and from the inlet end of the first vessel into the inlet end of the second vessel; And (f) pressurizing the second vessel to the selected overpressure by moving the gas mixture in the same direction into the second vessel; Repeat steps (a) to (f) as the second half cycle, except that each vessel is the second in the gas mixture, including performing the steps in which the roles of the first vessel and the second vessel are reversed. A process for the continuous separation of gaseous mixture components by pressure swing adsorption in a plurality of vessels containing an adsorbent bed that strongly adsorbs the first component rather than the component and having an inlet end and an outlet end. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 단계(d) 중에 기체를 상기 첫 번째 용기의 유출 단부로부터 상기 두 번째 용기의 유입 단부내로 이동시킴을 또한 포함하는 방법.The method of claim 1 further comprising moving gas during the step (d) from the outlet end of the first vessel into the inlet end of the second vessel. 제1항에 있어서, 상기 단계(d)와 (e)사이에, 기체를 상기 첫 번째 용기의 유출 단부로부터 상기 두 번째 용기의 유입 단부내로 이동시킴을 또한 포함하는 방법.The method of claim 1, further comprising moving gas from the outlet end of the first vessel into the inlet end of the second vessel between steps (d) and (e). 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 단계(d)와 (f)사이에, 두 번째 성분-풍부 기체 생성물을 상기 두 번째 용기내로 역방향으로 이동시킴으로써 상기 두 번째 용기를 더욱 가압시킴을 또한 포함하는 방법.The process of claim 1 or 2, further comprising, between steps (d) and (f), further pressurizing the second vessel by moving a second component-rich gas product in the reverse direction into the second vessel. How to. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 단계(c)를 적어도 부분적으로 단계(d)에 선행하여 수행하는 방법.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein step (c) is performed at least partially prior to step (d). 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 단계(c) 및 (d)를 적어도 부분적으로 겹쳐 수행하는 방법.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the steps (c) and (d) are at least partially overlapped. 첫 번째 1/2 주기로서 (a) 기체 혼합물을 선택된 과대기압에서 첫 번째 용기를 통해 같은 방향으로 공급함으로써 첫 번째 성분-풍부 분획을 흡착하고 두 번째 성분-풍부 기체 생성물을 상기 용기로부터 그의 유출 단부를 통해 방출시키는 반면, 두번째 용기를 역방향으로 감압시킴으로써 상기 두번째 용기로부터 첫 번째 성분-풍부 분획을 탈착시키는 단계; (b) 상기 첫 번째 용기내로의 상기 기체 혼합물의 흐름을 종결시키는 단계; (c) 상기 첫 번째 용기로부터 기체 혼합물을 역방향으로 배기시키는 단계; (d) 상기 첫 번째 용기의 유출 단부로부터 상기 두 번째 용기의 유입 단부 및 유출 단부내로 기체를 이동시킴으로써 상기 두 번째 용기를 부분적으로 가압시키는 단계; (e) 기체를, 상기 첫 번째 용기의 유출 단부로부터 상기 두 번째 용기의 유출 단부내로, 및 상기 첫 번째 용기의 유입 단부로부터 상기 두 번째 용기의 유입 단부내로 동시에 이동시킴으로써 상기 두 번째 용기를 더욱 가압시키는 단계; (f) 두 번째 성분-풍부 기체 생성물을 상기 두 번째 용기내로 역방향으로 이동시킴으로써 상기 두 번째 용기를 더욱 가압시키는 단계; 및 (g) 상기 두 번째 용기내로 상기 기체 혼합물을 같은 방향으로 이동시킴으로써 상기 두 번째 용기를 상기 선택된 과대기압으로 가압시키는 단계를 수행하고; 두 번째 1/2 주기로서 상기 (a) 내지 (g) 단계를 반복하나, 단 상기 첫 번째 용기와 두 번째 용기의 역할이 반대로 된 단계를 수행함을 포함하는, 각 용기가 상기 기체 혼합물들중의 두 번째 성분보다 첫 번째 성분을 강하게 흡착하는 흡착제 베드를 함유하고 유입 단부와 유출 단부를 갖는 다수개의 용기에서 압력 가변식 흡착에 의한 기체 혼합물 성분들의 연속 분리 방법.As a first half cycle (a) adsorbing the first component-rich fraction and feeding the second component-rich gas product from the vessel at its outlet end by feeding the gas mixture in the same direction through the first vessel at the selected overpressure Desorbing the first component-rich fraction from the second vessel by depressurizing the second vessel in the reverse direction while releasing through; (b) terminating the flow of the gas mixture into the first vessel; (c) evacuating the gas mixture from the first vessel in a reverse direction; (d) partially pressurizing the second vessel by moving gas from the outlet end of the first vessel into the inlet and outlet ends of the second vessel; (e) further pressurizing the second vessel by simultaneously moving gas from the outlet end of the first vessel into the outlet end of the second vessel and from the inlet end of the first vessel into the inlet end of the second vessel Making a step; (f) further pressurizing the second vessel by moving a second component-rich gaseous product back into the second vessel; And (g) pressurizing the second vessel to the selected overpressure by moving the gas mixture in the same direction into the second vessel; Repeating steps (a) to (g) as the second half cycle, except that each vessel is subjected to the steps in which the roles of the first vessel and the second vessel are reversed. A process for the continuous separation of gaseous mixture components by pressure variable adsorption in a plurality of vessels containing an adsorbent bed that strongly adsorbs the first component rather than the second component and having an inlet end and an outlet end. 제1항, 2항 및 7항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 선택된 과대기압의 범위가 약 1바(절대) 내지 약 20바(절대)인 방법.8. The method of any one of claims 1, 2 and 7, wherein the selected overpressure ranges from about 1 bar (absolute) to about 20 bar (absolute). 제8항에 있어서, 상기 용기들의 온도를 약 -50 내지 약 100℃ 범위로 유지시키는 방법.The method of claim 8, wherein the temperature of the vessels is maintained in the range of about −50 to about 100 ° C. 10. 제1항, 2항 및 7항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 단계(a)동안, 상기 두 번째 용기의 압력을 약 100 내지 약 5000토르 범위의 절대 압력으로 감소시키는 방법.8. The method of any one of claims 1, 2 and 7, wherein during step (a) the pressure of the second vessel is reduced to an absolute pressure in the range of about 100 to about 5000 torr. 제1항, 2항 및 7항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 기체가 공기인 방법.8. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas is air. 제11항에 있어서, 상기 선택된 과대기압의 범위가 약 4 내지 약 14바인 방법.The method of claim 11, wherein the selected excess air pressure ranges from about 4 bar to about 14 bar. 제11항에 있어서, 상기 용기들의 온도를 약 0 내지 약 50℃ 범위로 유지시키는 방법.The method of claim 11, wherein the temperature of the vessels is maintained in the range of about 0 to about 50 ° C. 13. 제11항에 있어서, 상기 단계(a)동안, 상기 두 번째 용기의 압력을 약 200 내지 약 2000토르 범위의 절대 압력으로 감소시키는 방법.The method of claim 11, wherein during step (a), the pressure in the second vessel is reduced to an absolute pressure in the range of about 200 to about 2000 Torr. 제11항에 있어서, 상기 첫 번째 성분이 산소이고, 상기 두 번째 성분이 질소인 방법.The method of claim 11 wherein said first component is oxygen and said second component is nitrogen. 제11항에 있어서, 상기 첫 번째 성분이 질소이고, 상기 두 번째 성분이 산소인 방법.The method of claim 11 wherein said first component is nitrogen and said second component is oxygen. ※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.※ Note: The disclosure is based on the initial application.
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