KR960011333B1 - Process for the preparation of lightweight aggregate - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of lightweight aggregate Download PDFInfo
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- KR960011333B1 KR960011333B1 KR1019930028825A KR930028825A KR960011333B1 KR 960011333 B1 KR960011333 B1 KR 960011333B1 KR 1019930028825 A KR1019930028825 A KR 1019930028825A KR 930028825 A KR930028825 A KR 930028825A KR 960011333 B1 KR960011333 B1 KR 960011333B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/023—Fired or melted materials
- C04B18/025—Grog
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/10—Clay
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/10—Burned or pyrolised refuse
- C04B18/103—Burned or pyrolised sludges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/18—Waste materials; Refuse organic
- C04B18/24—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork
- C04B18/241—Paper, e.g. waste paper; Paper pulp
- C04B18/243—Waste from paper processing or recycling paper, e.g. de-inking sludge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/04—Heat treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 인공 경량 골재 및 그 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, 상세하게는 제지 슬러지 및 그 소각회를 소재로 한 인공 경량 및 그 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 층상 규산염 광물을 주재로하고 제지 공정중에서 다량으로 재출되어지는 산업 폐기물인 제지 슬러지 및 그 소각회를 부재로 한, 고층건물, 교량과 같은 경량 콘트리트 구조물의 제작에 사용가능한 인공 경량 골재 및 그 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an artificial light weight aggregate and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to an artificial light weight and a method for manufacturing the same based on paper sludge and an incineration ash thereof, and more particularly, based on a layered silicate mineral. The present invention relates to an artificial lightweight aggregate which can be used for the production of light weight concrete structures such as high-rise buildings and bridges, including paper sludge, which is an industrial waste recycled in large quantities, and an incineration ash thereof.
통상적으로 제지 공정에서 다량으로 배출되어지는 제지 슬러지는 소각되어 매립에 의해 폐기 처리되어져 왔다.In general, paper sludge discharged in large quantities in the papermaking process has been incinerated and disposed of by landfill.
제지 슬러지 소각회의 매립처리는 넓은 면적이 매립장이 필요하게 되어 경제적으로 부담이 될뿐만 아니라 환경적으로도 많은 문제점이 있다.The landfill treatment of paper sludge incineration ash is not only economically burdensome because it requires a large landfill site but also has many environmental problems.
한편으로 산업이 고도화되고 인구가 도시로 이동하면서 도시지역에 많은 양의 건물과 토목 구조물의 건축이 행하여지면서 골재의 수요가 급증하여 이의 충당을 위하여 하천, 산, 바다 등지에서 자연환경이 크게 훼손되어지고 있어 천연골재를 대채할 새로운 인공 골재의 필요성이 크게 요구되어지고 있다.On the other hand, as the industry is advanced and the population is moved to the city, a large amount of buildings and civil structures are constructed in urban areas, and the demand for aggregates is soaring, and the natural environment is greatly damaged in rivers, mountains, seas, etc. As a result, there is a great demand for a new artificial aggregate to replace natural aggregate.
인공 경량 골재는 경량 콘크리트의 골재로서, 주로 팽창성 혈암, 팽창성 점토, 플라이 애쉬 등을 주원료로 하여 인공적으로 소성하여 제조한 것으로, 골재입자 내부는 다공질이며 표면을 유리질의 피막으로 덮인 구조로 세골재 경우 절건 비중이 1.5미만인 것을 말한다. 최근 고층건물, 장대한 교각의 구축등 콘크리트이 고성능화에 걸맞는 건축재료로 개발되어진 재료이며, 경량골재로 콘크리트를 구축시 자체 하중의 감소, 시공성의 향상, 부자재의 감소, 단열, 반응 성능의 향상등 여러가지 장점이 있다.Artificial lightweight aggregate is a lightweight concrete aggregate, which is manufactured by artificially firing mainly from expandable shale, expandable clay, and fly ash as the main raw materials. The interior of the aggregate particles is porous, and the surface is covered with a glass coating. It means that the specific gravity is less than 1.5. Recently, concrete has been developed as a building material suitable for high performance, such as the construction of high-rise buildings and grand bridges.When constructing concrete from lightweight aggregate, the reduction of its own load, improvement of construction properties, reduction of subsidiary materials, insulation, improvement of reaction performance, etc. There are several advantages.
소성에 의한 인공 경량 골재의 제조는 다음 두가지 방법을 제안할 수 있다.The manufacture of artificial lightweight aggregate by firing can suggest the following two methods.
첫째, 층상구조를 형성하는 규산염 광물은 층간에 물분자를 포함하고 있어 고온에서 급소성시 층내에 높은 분압이 걸리고 물분자가 층외부로 방출되면서 팽창한다.First, the silicate minerals forming the layered structure contain water molecules between layers, so that the high partial pressure is applied to the layer during rapid firing at high temperature, and the water molecules are released out of the layer and expand.
둘째, 유기물 및 고온에서 가스발생 성분을 포함하는 규산염 광물은 고온에서 급격히 소성하면 급격한 온도상승으로 인해 표면에서 가스확산속도에 비해 내부확산속도가 느리게 되어 가스가 내부에 갖힌 경량체가 된다.Second, the silicate mineral containing the gas generating components at organic and high temperature, when rapidly fired at high temperature, the internal diffusion rate is slow compared to the gas diffusion rate on the surface due to the rapid temperature rise to become a lightweight body having the gas inside.
첫째방법의 경우 층간전하 밀도가 0￡≤1 사이의 층상규산염 광물이 주성분인 점토 혹은 고령토를 주원료로 하고 고온에서 팽창성을 증진시키기 위한 가스 발생물질을 첨가하면 팽창성이 양호한 인공 경량 골재의 제조가 가능하지만 원료가 특정지역에 국한되어 산출되기 때문에 공장입지의 선정문제, 원료의 이송문제등으로 단가가 상승되어 범용화하기 어려운 단점이 있다.In the first method, it is possible to manufacture artificial lightweight aggregates with good expandability by adding clay or kaolin, which is mainly composed of layered silicate mineral having an interlayer charge density of 0 ￡ ≤1, and adding gas generating material to improve the expandability at high temperature. However, since raw materials are produced in a specific region, they are difficult to be generalized due to an increase in unit cost due to selection of factory locations and transfer of raw materials.
종래부터 팽창점토, 혈암등을 이용한 인공 경량 골재의 제조에 관한 발명은 있었다.Conventionally, there has been an invention relating to the manufacture of artificial lightweight aggregate using expanded clay, shale and the like.
예를들면, 대한민국 특허공고 79-1985호에서는 혈암을 주원료로 하여 목분이나 석탄분말과 함께 회전로에서 소성하여 인공 경량 골재를 제조하는 방법이 개시되어 있고, 대한민국 특허공고 90-5974호에서는 팽창점토를 이용한 인공 경량 골재의 제조하는 방법이 개시되어 있으며, 또한 대한민국 특허공고 92-6804호에서는 혈암에 탄산염 석분을 첨가하여 인공 경량 골재를 제조하는 방법이 개시되어 있다.For example, Korean Patent Publication No. 79-1985 discloses a method of manufacturing artificial lightweight aggregate by firing in a rotary furnace with wood powder or coal powder using shale as a main ingredient, and Korean Patent Publication No. 90-5974 discloses expanded clay. Disclosed is a method of manufacturing artificial lightweight aggregate, and Korean Patent Publication No. 92-6804 discloses a method of manufacturing artificial lightweight aggregate by adding carbonate stone powder to shale.
하지만 이들 방법들에 있어서 원료로 사용되는 층상규산염 광물 및 혈암 및 팽창점토등을 구성광물의 성인, 풍화정도, 구성광물의 함량등에 따라서 팽창성이 달라지며 또한 이들 층상규산염 광물의 지역적인 편재로 인해 생산지와 소비지가 달라지게 되며 이로인해 수송비용은 단가상승의 요인으로 작용하여 인공 경량 골재가 단열성, 경량성등 여러 우수한 특성을 지니고 있음에도 불구하고 쉽게 건축재료로써 적용되지 못하고 있는 실정이다.In these methods, however, the layered silicate mineral, shale, and expanded clay, which are used as raw materials, differ in their expandability depending on the constituent minerals, the degree of weathering, and the content of the constituent minerals. As a result, transportation cost is a factor of unit price increase, and the artificial lightweight aggregate is not easily applied as a building material even though it has various excellent characteristics such as insulation and light weight.
본 발명은 상기와 같이 종래 기술의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로서, 주변으로부터 손쉽게 구할 수 있는 적벽돌용 점토를 주원료로 하고 제지공장에서 폐기물로 버려지는 제지 슬러지 및 이를 소각한 소각재를 부원료로 한 인공 경량 골재 및 이의 제조방법을 제공하려는데에 그 목적이 있다.The present invention has been made in order to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, the main material is a red brick clay that can be easily obtained from the surrounding, the paper sludge that is discarded as waste in the paper mill and incineration material incinerated it It is an object to provide an artificial lightweight aggregate and a method of manufacturing the same.
상기의 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명은 벽돌용 점토를 주원료로 하고 제지 슬러지 및/또는 제지 슬러지 소각회를 부원료로 하여 혼합 및 성형하고 고온에서 소성함을 특징으로 하는 인공 경량 골재의 제조방법을 제공한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a method of manufacturing artificial lightweight aggregate, characterized in that the mixing as a main raw material for brick clay and paper sludge and / or paper sludge incineration ash as a raw material, forming and baking at high temperature to provide.
본 발명에 있어서, 부원료로 첨가되어지는 제지 슬러지 또는 제지 슬러지 소각재는 소성시 제지 슬러지의 경우 제지 슬러지에 포함되어 있는 전분 또는 펄프가, 제지 슬러지 소각재의 경우 미연탄소분이 고온에서 소성시 이들의 일부 또는 전부가 산화되면서 발포성이 없는 벽돌용 점토를 발포시켜 소성믈을 경량화시키는 역활을 한다.In the present invention, the paper sludge or paper sludge incineration material added as an auxiliary raw material includes starch or pulp contained in the paper sludge in the case of paper sludge during firing, and unburned carbon powder in the case of paper sludge incineration ash at high temperature. As all of them are oxidized, foaming bricks that are not foamable can be foamed to make plastics lighter.
본 발명에 있어서, 일반 벽돌용 점토의 소성시 상기와 같은 발포성 부여는 점토와 제지 슬러지 및/또는 제지 슬러지 소각재의 전체에 대한 제지 슬러지 및/또는 제지 슬러지 소각재의 함량이 10∼70중량%일 때 효과적으로 발생되어진다.In the present invention, the above-mentioned foaming imparted upon firing of the general brick clay when the content of the paper sludge and / or paper sludge incineration to the whole of the clay and the paper sludge and / or paper sludge incineration ash is 10 to 70% by weight It is generated effectively.
제지 슬러지 소각재의 함량이 전체 소성물에 대하여 10중량% 이하이면 상기한 발포성 부여 효과가 없으며 70중량% 이상이면 상기의 공정중 성형성이 저하되어 바람직하지 않게 된다.If the content of the papermaking sludge incineration material is 10% by weight or less with respect to the total calcined product, the above foamability imparting effect is not provided.
본 발명에 따른 벽돌용 점토를 주원료로 하고 제지 슬러지 및/또는 제지 슬러지의 소각재를 부원료로 하여 이들을 혼합, 성형, 소성함으로 행하여지는 인공 경량 골재의 제조방법에 있어서 벽돌용 점토에 첨가되어지는 제지 슬러지 및/또는 제지 슬러지 소각재의 형태는 제지 슬러지, 제지 슬러지 소각재, 또는 제지 슬러지와 제지 슬러지 소각재의 혼합물등 임의의 형태가 가능하다.Paper sludge which is added to brick clay in the method of manufacturing artificial lightweight aggregate, which is performed by mixing, shaping and calcining the brick clay according to the present invention as a main raw material and incineration of paper sludge and / or paper sludge as a secondary raw material. And / or the form of paper sludge incineration may be in any form such as paper sludge, paper sludge incineration, or a mixture of paper sludge and paper sludge incineration.
본 발명에 있어서 소성온도는 1200∼1300℃로 하는 것이 바람직하다. 소성온도를 1200℃ 이하로 하면 발포성이 낮아 바람직하지 않으며 1300℃ 이상으로 하면 소성온도가 지나치게 높아 경량 골재 소성체간의 융착이 발생하기 쉽고 또한 연료비등의 단가상승의 문제점이 있어 바람직하지 않게 된다. 또한 소성공정에서의 승온속도는 10∼20℃/분이 바람직하다. 소성공정중의 승온속도가 상기의 범위의 밖에 있으면 점토의 내부에 형성되어질 분압이 낮아져 바람직한 발포성을 얻을 수 없게 되는 문제점이 있다.In the present invention, the firing temperature is preferably set to 1200 to 1300 ° C. When the firing temperature is lower than 1200 ° C, the foamability is not low, which is not preferable. When the firing temperature is higher than 1300 ° C, the firing temperature is too high, causing fusion between the lightweight aggregate plastic bodies, which is likely to occur, and there is a problem of an increase in the cost of fuel, which is undesirable. Moreover, as for the temperature increase rate in a baking process, 10-20 degreeC / min is preferable. If the temperature increase rate during the firing step is outside the above range, there is a problem in that the partial pressure to be formed inside the clay is lowered, so that the desired foamability cannot be obtained.
본 발명은 제지 공정중에 폐기물로 발생하는 제지 슬러지 및/또는 제지 슬러지 소각재를 재활용하기 위하여 이를 원료로 한 인공 경량 골재를 제공하기 위한 또다른 목적을 갖는다.The present invention has another object to provide an artificial light weight aggregate based on the same for recycling paper sludge and / or paper sludge incineration ash generated as waste during the papermaking process.
이를 위하여, 본 발명은 벽돌용 점토를 주원료로 하고 제지 슬러지 및/또는 제지 슬러지 소각회를 부원료로 하여 이들을 혼합, 성형하고 고온에서 소성하여 발포 팽창시킨 것을 특징으로 하는 인공 경량 골재를 제공한다.To this end, the present invention provides an artificial lightweight aggregate, characterized in that the clay for brick as a main raw material and the paper sludge and / or paper sludge incineration ash as a secondary raw material is mixed, molded and calcined at a high temperature to expand and expand.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기한 인공 경량 골재중의 제지 슬러지 및/또는 제지 슬러지 소각회의 함량이 10∼70중량%인 것이 바람직하다.In the present invention, the content of the paper sludge and / or paper sludge incineration ash in the above-described artificial lightweight aggregate is preferably 10 to 70% by weight.
제지 슬러지 및/또는 제지 슬러지 소각회의 함량이 10%미만이면 발포성이 낮아 골재의 비중이 높아 바람직하지 않으며 70중량% 이상이면 골재의 강도가 저하되는 문제점이 있게 된다.If the content of paper sludge and / or paper sludge incineration ash is less than 10%, the foamability is low and the specific gravity of the aggregate is not high. If the content is more than 70% by weight, the strength of the aggregate is reduced.
이와 같이 본 발명에 따른 인공 경량 골재는 흡수율이 절건비중이 0.9∼1.8이고, 단위 용적중량이 0.5∼1.2㎏/ℓ로써 상기한 바와 같은 용도로서의 비교적 우수한 특성을 갖는다.As described above, the artificial light weight aggregate according to the present invention has relatively good characteristics as a use as described above, with a water absorption rate of 0.9 to 1.8 and a unit volume weight of 0.5 to 1.2 kg / L.
다음에 본 발명에 바람직한 실시예를 통하여 본 발명의 효과를 더욱 상세하게 설명하고자 한다. 그러나 다음의 실시예들은 본 발명을 보다 쉽게 이해하기 위하여 제시되는 것일뿐 본 발명이 이들 실시예에 한정되는 것은 아니다.Next, the effects of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the following examples are presented to more easily understand the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
실시예 1Example 1
벽돌용 하급 점토와 미연탄소 함량이 10%인 제지 슬러지 소각재를 건조 중량비로 다음의 표1의 비대로 습식 혼합한 다음, 성형한 후 100℃의 드라이 오븐에서 예비 건조한 다음, 표1의 조건에 따라 소성을 행하여 제조되어지는 경량 골재의 물성을 평가한 결과 표1과 같은 발포성이 우수하였으며, 흡습율 18% 이하, 단위 용적중량이 0.5∼1.2㎏/ℓ였다.The lower clay for brick and the paper sludge incinerator containing 10% of unburned carbon are wet mixed in the dry weight ratio according to the ratio of the following Table 1, then molded and pre-dried in a dry oven at 100 ° C, and then in accordance with the conditions of Table 1 As a result of evaluating the physical properties of the lightweight aggregate produced by firing, the foamability was excellent as shown in Table 1, the moisture absorption was 18% or less, and the unit volume weight was 0.5 to 1.2 kg / L.
실시예 2Example 2
상기 실시예1에서 제지 슬러지 소각회 대신에 제지 슬러지를 다음의 표2와 같이 상요한 것을 제외하고는 실시예1과 동일하게 실시하였다.In Example 1, except that paper sludge was incinerated instead of paper sludge incineration, it was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.
실시예 3Example 3
상기 실시예1에서 하기의 표3의 조성으로 한 것을 제외하고는 실시예1과 동일하게 실시하였다.Example 1 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the composition shown in Table 3 below.
상기 실시예1∼3에서 제조되어진 인공 경량 골재의 물성을 측정한 결과 이들은 모두 흡수율 18%, 절건비중 1.8∼0.8, 단위용적중량 0.5∼1.2㎏/ℓ의 우수한 특성을 나타내었다.As a result of measuring the physical properties of the artificial lightweight aggregates prepared in Examples 1 to 3, all of them exhibited excellent properties such as 18% absorption, 1.8 to 0.8 specific dry weight, and 0.5 to 1.2 kg / L unit weight.
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| KR1019930028825A KR960011333B1 (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1993-12-21 | Process for the preparation of lightweight aggregate |
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| KR1019930028825A KR960011333B1 (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1993-12-21 | Process for the preparation of lightweight aggregate |
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| KR960011333B1 true KR960011333B1 (en) | 1996-08-22 |
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| US20230073583A1 (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-03-09 | Gme Korea Inc. | Manufacturing method of construction aggregates using incineration ash |
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| KR20040011108A (en) * | 2002-07-27 | 2004-02-05 | 전정숙 | A Preparation for the Artificial Gravels using Sludges. |
| KR100568930B1 (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2006-04-07 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Lightweight Artificial Soil And Its Manufacturing Method By Using Waste |
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