KR960000770B1 - Single-piece pre-shaped anchor - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Preformed single piece anchor

1 is a front view of a first embodiment of a single piece anchor with a shape according to the invention pre-formed;

2 is a bottom plan view of the anchor.

3 shows a state in which anchors are embedded in holes drilled in the masonry to attach the fixture to the masonry surface.

4 is a front view of a second embodiment of a one-piece double curved anchor with a preformed shape according to the invention in a state of being embedded in a hole drilled in a stonework.

5 shows a contact area in a split anchor of the prior art.

6 shows a third embodiment of a one-piece anchor with stud ends and embedded in a hole;

6A is a diagram showing a modification of the third embodiment.

7 shows a fourth embodiment of a single piece anchor having a ring end and embedded in a hole.

8 shows a fifth embodiment of an anchor having a ring-shaped ring end.

9 shows a sixth embodiment of an anchor made of tubular material according to the invention mounted in a stone hole.

10 is an exploded view of the tubular anchor shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 shows a tubular anchor as in FIG. 10 except that the screws are integrally formed.

FIG. 12 is a view of the same tubular anchor as shown in FIG. 10 except that the tip is closed.

13 shows a mounting tool for putting a tubular anchor in place.

14 shows the press-fit plastic cap for the tubular anchor mounted.

FIG. 15 shows a press fit cap with a seal ring. FIG.

FIG. 16 shows a press fit cap with a ring. FIG.

17 shows a threaded plastic cap for a tubular anchor.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a slotted sleeve arranged to receive a one-piece anchor having a bend aligned with a wall of a hole drilled in a stonework.

19 shows a sleeve inserted into a drilled hole and into which the anchor shank enters.

FIG. 20 shows the state when the anchor shank is fully embedded in the sleeve.

FIG. 21 shows a sleeve with a ring on top and embedded in the shank of the anchor.

22 shows a sleeve with a collar extended.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

11,24 Stonework 13,21 Shank

15: head 16: curved part

25,37,63: Flange 29: Ring

33 ring ring 40 screw

45: cap 56: sleeve

56 _F : Finger W: Safety Factor

F: Fixture F _P : First Bearing Force

F _B1 : second supporting force F _B2 : third supporting force

F _B3 , F _B4 , F _B5 : the force acting on the base

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention generally relates to anchors for securing fixtures, shingles or other members to masonry or other structural materials, and more particularly to shapes that are forcibly embedded in the holes to be firmly fixed in them. It relates to a one-piece, pre-shaped anchor formed.

Often it was necessary to mount a fixture or other member against the surface of the masonry. As used herein, the term “stonework” is meant to encompass both brick and concrete, as well as rigid nonmetallic structural materials such as stone and gypsum. There is a need for effective anchors for structural materials of different quality from stonework, such as wood, metal or plastic substrates to which members such as fixtures or shingles are to be attached. Although the present invention has been described and illustrated primarily in connection with masonry, it should be noted that the anchor of the present invention is not limited to this application and is also useful for many other structural applications.

Conventional embodiments with masonry include an expandable shell that expands when the bolt is rotated by a wrench or other torque generating tool, the expanded cell being bitten by the wall of the hole so that the bolt remains firmly in the hole. To use an anchor bolt assembly.

A representative example of such an anchor bolt assembly is a US patent, which is configured to allow a cone of the rear portion of the bolt to advance toward the expansion shell surrounding the bolt as the bolt rotates and the expanded cell acts to secure the bolt in the hole. Of the type disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,766,819. Anchor bolt assemblies that operate in a similar manner are disclosed in US Pat. Nos. 4,056,037 and 2,988,950.

Conventional anchor bolt assemblies are made of two or more interacting components and, apart from their relatively high manufacturing costs, suffer from difficulties in installing such assemblies.

At most construction sites, literally hundreds or thousands of anchor bolts need to be used to secure parts such as suspended ceilings, undersides and wall studs, or to create similar attachments that require repeated anchor bolt operation. have. In each of these cases, the bolt must be installed in a carefully drilled hole. The bolt must be properly inserted into the hole and then the bolt rotated with the tool until the bolt is fastened into the hole by the expandable cell associated therewith. This is something the installer needs to be very careful with. A large number of anchors are incorrectly installed by unskilled installers who do not properly drill holes or apply adequate torque to the anchors. Moreover, there is no way to determine whether the anchors are properly maintained until you know that the anchors are wrong at the time of repair, which can have tragic consequences.

According to the current anchor bolt, apart from the problem of inadequate installation, it takes time to install each bolt separately. Since this installation work must be repeated at a certain position, the operator can only install a limited number of anchor bolts during the work schedule. This adds substantially to the labor costs of the construction site.

In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a one-piece anchor in which a shape is firmly fixed in a hole by hitting or forcibly hammering it axially into a drilled hole in a stone or other structure material. .

More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide an anchor of this kind having a head of various shapes, such as a stud or annular head.

Important advantages of the anchor according to the invention are: (a) easy insertion and easy high speed installation; (b) multi-step gripping action is ensured when the anchor is fully inserted into the hole; (c) A fixture or other member held against the stone surface is firmly attached, (d) a high degree of holding force due to a relatively large contact surface area, (e) the diameter of the hole drilled in the stone if the anchor is formed of tubular material Fixtures having a diameter corresponding to can pass in meandering through the mounting holes, and (f) the cost of the anchor is substantially reduced due to the tubular structure.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a hollow anchor that is preformed with a low cost shape that requires less skill than is required for mounting with a hammered nail and thus minimizes the possibility of incorrect installation. It is to provide.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a single piece hollow anchor made of tubular metal or synthetic plastic material and preformed with a shape capable of supporting a relatively large load on the stone surface.

One of the important features of the hollow anchor according to the invention is that it can be covered by a decorative press cap.

Another object of the present invention is to form a wall liner of holes by being accommodated in a hole drilled in a relatively fragile substrate that can be used in connection with a one-piece anchor having a bend in the elastic shank portion, The shank is embedded in the lined hole and the bend does not peck the hole but merely inflate the liner to provide an inflatable sleeve configured to press the liner against the hole wall.

Briefly described, these objects of the present invention are achieved by means of a preformed single piece anchor configured to be forcibly axially forced into the fitting hole to achieve a strong interference fit. The anchor consists of a nailing member and an elongated shank formed integrally therewith. The shank has a bent portion having an end portion away from the longitudinal member extending in the longitudinal direction through the pushing member and the shank and also having a vertex on the other side of the shank between the spaced base portions on one side of the shank. The shape is pre-formed so that at least one undulation is formed between the foiling member and the end portion.

The anchor is made of an elastic tubular material, so that when the shank is embedded in an interference fit hole, the anchor is forced to deform by reaction with the wall of the hole, thereby attempting to restore it to its original shape. Will be. The maximum cross-sectional dimension of the shank is substantially no larger than the diameter of the hole so that the shank will not peck or damage the wall of the hole.

[First Embodiment]

1 to 3, the present invention serves to attach the fixture 12 having the mounting hole 12H to the surface of the stone for insertion into the hole 10 drilled in the stone 11. A single piece anchor is shown, the shape of which is preformed.

The anchor consists of a shank 13 made of carbon steel or stainless steel or other material having a constant circular cross section over the length of the shank, the tip 14 of the shank being easy to insert into the hole 10. The diameter is reduced and chamfered. The diameter of the hole 10 is slightly larger than or equal to the diameter of the shank. The upper end of the shank 13 is integrated with the round head 15.

The shank 13 is pre-formed to produce a undulation away from the longitudinal axis X passing through the center of the head 15 so that the curved bend 16 eccentric with respect to the axis is formed. After the bend is formed, the shank becomes elastic by tempering the metal at an appropriate temperature to impart magnetic shape memory to the metal, thus attempting to restore the original shape when the shank is forcibly deformed.

Thus, the bent portion 16 is shown in FIG. 3 as the shank 13 travels axially in the stone hole 10 when anchored by a hammer or other means capable of hitting the head 15. Straighten it out so that it can fit into the hole. This forced deformation of the bend 16 causes the bend to exert outward pressure at different heights in the hole with respect to the wall of the hole 10 as the bend attempts to return to its original shape. This lateral pressure provides significant resistance to the shank's axial contraction from the hole.

Such anchors of the present invention can support substantial loads on the walls of masonry or on the surface of other materials, although their structure is simple and does not have an expandable shell like the prior art anchors. The support capacity, of course, depends on the dimensions and shape of the bolt and the nature of the metal of the bolt. In use, these types of anchors can be designed to support heavy loads of 907 Kg (2000 lb) or more.

To understand the fact that the pressure acting on the wall of the hole is imposed at different heights, the nature of the bend 16 will now be analyzed. Curved portion 16 has a vertex P on one side of the shank. As shown in Fig. 1, the vertex portion P represents the maximum eccentric point from the longitudinal axis X of the shank, which is the outermost side of the perforated periphery of the perforated hole where no tab for anchor is formed.

The bend has a lower base B ₁ on the other side of the shank at a height below the vertex P and an upper base B ₂ at a height above the vertex P. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, when the shank is embedded in the hole 10 and the curved portion is slightly stretched, the elastic curved portion tries to return to its original shape, so that the peak is pressed against the corresponding side of the hole wall. One supporting force F _p is applied, a second supporting force F _B1 is applied at a low position where the base B ₁ of the bend is pressed against the opposite side of the hole, and the base B _{2 of the} bend is opposite the hole wall. The third supporting force F _B2 is applied at a high position with respect to the side surface.

As the bearing force is distributed along the length of the hole rather than concentrated only at one height as in the prior art anchors, greater bearing force is generated. This feature is important with regard to modern stone materials.

The concrete used 20 years ago had a compressive strength of 141 Kg / cm 2 (2000 psi), but the concrete used nowadays has a compressive strength of 281 to 703 Kg / cm 2 (4000 to 10000 psi). As the compressive strength of concrete increases, the surface of perforated holes without tabs becomes smoother and harder. Since single piece anchors make surface contact with drilled holes, the larger the surface contact, the greater the bearing capacity of the anchor. According to the anchor according to the invention a surface contact of almost 180 at at least three heights is made as described below.

The present invention is not limited to the use of high strength elastic metals in order to be able to apply any material which is high in shape memory and capable of shaping without damaging the material or changing properties such as springs. Does not. Thus, a nylon or polyolefin material that can be cast in a single step can be used to create the anchor shaped shank and head.

In the anchors shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the shanks are round and have a constant diameter but are tapered to facilitate insertion, in which case the large diameter of the shanks must be substantially the same as the diameter of the stone hole. The degree of curvature adopts a compromise between, in a sense, a value that provides the greatest stone bearing capacity and a value that makes it easier to use conventional tools. However, if the wall anchor is made available to use pneumatic or other high power mechanical drivers, a greater degree of curvature will be provided within the limits imposed by the nature of the metal.

Bolt parameters

In the pre-formed wall anchor according to the invention, the shank has a constant diameter overlapping a length slightly smaller than the previously drilled stone hole as shown in FIG. 1 or has a tip to facilitate entry into the hole. If it is reduced in size, it has a slightly larger diameter. If the shank diameter is larger than the diameter of the stone hole, greater force is required to drive the shank into the hole, where the stone hole provides some passage to allow insertion.

In addition, the shank of the anchor in use has a step formation and its diameter at the tip portion is shortened to easily enter the stone hole, and the diameter of the shank rapidly increases to the size of the diameter of the hole. Alternatively, the shank diameter may be formed to vary from end to end. Thus, the shank may be tapered from the tip to the head or tapered from the tip to the midpoint of the shank and tapered in reverse from the midpoint to the head. The cross section of the shank does not have to be circular, so it can be formed into any other geometric shape.

The shank reliefs may be formed in a single plane or in a plurality of planes with respect to each other in a single or a plurality, or may be formed by the spiral shape of the shank. However, whatever the shape of the relief, the shape and size of the relief should ensure that the head of the anchor always maintains an appropriate relationship with the centerline of the hole, which is perpendicular to the face of the stonework. In this way, the horizontal and vertical force vectors caused by the downward strike of the anchors to the head are balanced so that the anchors are always placed axially in the holes so that the anchors do not bend at an angle to the centerline and also cause the possibility of breakage. Will not be. If the shape is not appropriate, the anchor head portion is inclined from the predetermined direction.

The shank relief should not rub and sweep down the walls of perforated holes. If this happens, as the anchor enters, the original round hole is clipped by the shape of the anchor itself. As a result, when the shape of the hole is deformed and the shank enters the hole, the undulation is no longer stretched, the shape memory of the shank is not applied, and the bearing force is maintained without progress. In simple terms, the cross-sectional dimensions of the shank play an important role as the efficiency of the anchor. Excessively large dimensions prevent the anchor from being inserted into the hole. Bearing capacity is reduced.

The shape of the crown or head of the anchor is preferably free of convex and angled edges so as not to bend or break the head portion of the anchor even if the hammer strikes against the anchor's center line.

It is also important that the bulge created by the undulations in the shank or by the multiple undulations is not symmetrical and eccentric with respect to the longitudinal axis X as in the "Rowl Drive" anchor. Therefore, the shank meanders its own path through the mounting hole of the fixture, but when the convex portion is symmetrical, the shank cannot penetrate the hole, thereby damaging the hole. Typically the mounting holes of the fixture have almost the same diameter as the stone holes, and the shanks of modern anchors have the same diameter. If the shank does not have a relief, the entry of the shank into the hole is not prevented. However, according to the Raul Drive Anchor, the maximum diameter of the expanded block portion is considerably larger than the diameter of the stone hole, which creates a problem for the convex portion to penetrate the fixture hole.

In order to understand why the contact area with the drilled hole is much larger than that which can be obtained by the "Raul Drive" anchor, reference is made to FIG. 5 shows a hole H drilled in a masonry into which a Raul drive anchor is inserted, the middle part of which is split in plane S to form two halves A and B. FIG. The half portions are expanded in opposite directions in the plane of division, such that the elastic half A is pressed against the surface of the hole of the contact area A 'on one side of the hole and the other half B is opposite the hole. The convex portion is formed to be pressed against the hole surface of the contact area B 'on the side.

This point of contact is only adjacent to the division and not elsewhere. Thus, each half can make about 45 ° contact with the hole surface. The halves A and B make about 90 ° contact with each other or one quarter of the inner surface of the hole.

In Raul drive anchors it is not possible to increase the diameter in order to make contact in a wider area, which will not work properly. If the shank diameter is as large as the diameter of the hole, the two split halves of the anchor are pressed against each other's mating surfaces, so that the two halves are suppressed from moving. To function as a spring, the half must be free to move in the opposite direction when the half is to be restored to its original expanded shape.

In the single piece anchor of the present invention, the shank has the same diameter as the drilled hole. Therefore, when the shank without undulations is lodged in the hole, the shank is straightened and surface contact is made at the bend, and a surface contact area of about 160 ° is formed at each contact at the base on the opposite side of the anchor. For anchors with a single bend, 160 ° contact is made at three contact areas and at three different heights, so the surface contact is 480 °, which is comparable to the 90 ° contact surface of a Raul drive anchor. . In the case where the curved portion is a double anchor, greater surface contact is achieved.

Second Embodiment

In the embodiment of the anchor shown in FIG. 4, the anchor has a head 17 and shank 18 as in FIG. 1, and the shank 18 has a series of instead of a single relief to form a single eccentric curve. It is substantially the same as FIG. 1 except that it has two curved curves 19 and 20. Since the curved portion 19 leads to the curved portion 20, the two curved portions share a common connector portion B ₃ , the curved portion 19 has an upper base B ₄ and the curved portion 20 has a lower base B ₅ ).

In a wall anchor with double bends, the force exerted by the shank on the wall of the perforated hole without tabs in the masonry 11 is distributed at five different heights depending on the depth of the hole. Thus, the force F _B3 acting on the lowest base, the force F _P1 acting on the vertex directly above it, the force F _B4 acting on the base directly above it, and the vertex immediately above it There is a force (F _P2 ) acting on and a force (F _B5 ) acting on the base of the top. The force acting on the base is acting on one side of the hole and the force acting on the vertex is acting on the opposite side. These forces combine with each other to give the anchor a very high force.

Third Embodiment

In the first and second embodiments of the present invention, the head of the single piece anchor is similar to a conventional bolt head so that the anchor can be easily embedded into a hole formed in a stone or substrate or solid. When an anchor is used to support a structure or other member against a masonry wall, the lower side of the head of the mounted anchor is against the outer surface of the fixture.

In some cases it may be desirable to provide externally threaded studs instead of the head of the anchor so that a fixture or other member with mounting holes can be secured to the surface of the stone, in which case the studs protrude from the mounting holes. And the nut is received on the stud to hold the member in place. The advantage of the stud device is that if it is necessary to remove the member from the stone, the member can be removed by simply rotating the nut that holds the member in place.

This advantage cannot be obtained when the anchor has a bolt head because it is not easy to remove once the anchor is lodged in the hole.

A single piece anchor according to the invention with a stud end is shown in FIG. 6, which has an elastic shank 21, which is deformed when embedded into a hole 23 drilled in a stone 24 and thus requires the necessary bearing force. The curved portion 22 is provided to provide.

At the upper end of the shank 21 is formed a circular flange 25 which lies against the surface of the masonry, on which is an externally threaded stud 26. The longitudinal axis X extends through the stud and the shank, and the curved portion 22 is eccentric with respect to the longitudinal axis.

Safety Factor

In many cases, the anchors according to the present invention are subjected to high strength lateral vibration when installed on stone or other structural materials to secure fixtures or other members to the surface of the stone or other structural material. . Despite the anchor's bearing force, the lateral vibration forces loose the Yankers, making them inefficient.

This looseness occurs because the diameter of the shank is slightly smaller than the diameter of the hole into which it is inserted, allowing some movement in the gap between the wall of the hole and the anchor shank. As a result, the lateral vibration forces imposed on the anchor will cause the shank to swing, so that this action will gradually loosen the anchor.

In order to avoid such shaking, a safety element W is formed at the connection of the shank 21 and the flange 25, as in the anchor of the type shown in FIG. 6a. It is determined to be filled at least in the space of the opening 23 so that the shank does not shake when subjected to the lateral vibration force.

In a preferred embodiment, the safety element W is formed with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the hole in which the shank of the anchor is embedded. As a result, the safety element W is caught in the opening of the hole and wedged when the shank of the anchor is stuck into the hole in which it is anchored. In this embodiment, the safety element W is slightly tapered to facilitate pressurized entry into the inlet of the hole.

The cross-sectional diameter of the shank itself is not much larger than the diameter of the hole, but only slightly larger, so it can be driven into the hole without difficulty. . However, with the shank finally embedded, the opening of the hole faces the safety element W. If the dimensions of the safety element are firmly fitted at the entrance of the hole and determined to fill the entrance, then the safety element enters the entrance without difficulty. However, if the diameter of the safety element (W) is slightly larger than the diameter of the hole, a larger clamping force is required for the safety element (W) to be caught in the entrance of the hole and wedged in the state where the shank is finally embedded. The safety of preventing the looseness of the anchor as a result of the lateral vibration force is greater.

FIG. 6a shows that the stud anchor of the type shown in FIG. 6 includes a safety element, which can be coupled to all other embodiments of a one-piece anchor according to the invention. In all cases, the safety element is formed at the connection between the shank and the driving head, and any other type of driving element may be formed at the anchor. In an embodiment, the safety element W is in the form of a grooved cylinder and ribs or fins on its outer surface are configured to snap to the wall of the hole inlet to prevent the shaking of the shank.

[Example 4]

In some cases, it is desirable to suspend the fixture or other fixture to the surface of the masonry by means of the anchor heads of the first and second embodiments or the end studs of the third embodiment.

For this purpose, an anchor with an elastic shank 27 with a curved portion 28 as shown in FIG. 7 has a ring 29 formed integrally with the upper end of the shank. The connection between the ring and the shank is in the form of a shoulder 30 which is joined by a hammer head or other tool so that the shank can be embedded in the hole 23. Once the anchor of this type is installed, it is simple to suspend the part from the ring 29 or to remove the part from the ring.

[Example 5]

In some cases, it is necessary to fasten wires or other lines along the surface of the masonry.

The anchor, which functions to fasten the line, is shown in FIG. 8, at the upper end of the shank 31 having the curved portion 32, a ring-shaped ring 33 dimensioned to receive the hooked line is terminated.

[Example 6]

9 to 12 show a single piece in which the shape according to the invention has been formed in advance. The major difference between the anchor of this embodiment and the anchor shown and described above is that the anchor is made of tubular material rather than solid metal. For this purpose, it can be manufactured and used as a hollow steel tube, or alternatively, the tube may be made of a stamped sheet metal which is bent into a tube shape and then heat treated to give elasticity.

The hollow anchor of the particular type shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is formed from a tube made of steel or other suitable material, the shank 34 being formed with a bend 35 and the lower end 36 of the shank Open. The upper end of the shank extends outwardly to form a flange 37 that rests against a fixture F or other member to attach to the surface of the stone 38 when the shank is embedded into the hole drilled into the stone 38.

After the curved portion is formed into a hollow metal shank, the metal is quenched to an appropriate temperature to impart shape memory to the curved portion so that the curved portion can be restored to its original shape when forcedly deformed.

As noted above, the cost of manufacturing and shipping the one-piece metal anchor according to the present invention depends on the cost per pound of anchor. The following explains why the hollow anchors made of metal tubes are stronger than the anchors of the same weight made of solid metal.

Hollow anchors according to the invention are treated as cylindrical beams or columns with load resistances that depend not only on the inherent strength of the anchor material but also on the cross-sectional properties.

The cross sectional properties (standard handbook for mechanical engineers—Baumester and Max, 7th edition section 5-3 (representing columns in cross section)) that determine the strength of the hollow cylindrical part are moments of inertia, section modulus, and turning radius. The turning radius is the inner diameter r of the hollow column and the sewage of that R. The radius of gyration is represented by

Referring to the “General Principles of Design” for steel columns in the Kent Mechanical Engineer Handbook 12th Edition (Sections 8-26), “the material must be distributed as far from the centerline as possible to increase the radius of the turn”.

Thus, in solid columns, the material is concentrated about the centerline, while in hollow columns the same amount of material is distributed far enough away from the centerline, resulting in a larger turning radius and stronger columns.

In spite of the greater support per pound of metal, in addition to reducing the material cost of the anchor, it is also possible to reduce the cost of heat treatment and plating of the anchor, since this correlation is imposed per pound. In addition, because the anchor is relatively lightweight, the shipping cost per pound is also reduced.

In the hollow single piece anchor shown in FIG. 11 which is a variant, a screw is formed inside the upper portion 34 'of the shank 34 having a constant diameter so that the shank is hammered into a stone or other hole. The cutting screw 40 may be screwed in.

It is known that it can be used as a mounting stud for supporting a fixture by casting a threaded stud into the concrete when the concrete is poured so that the stud is fixed to the concrete body. However, since these studs are permanently in place, there is a possibility of damaging the studs a great deal even if you try to remove a part that is fastened to the concrete wall.

The anchor shown in FIG. 11 is removable. That is, if a fixture or other part is secured to the stone surface by a cutting screw 40 housed within a hollow anchor threaded therein, then the cutting screw is removed from the hollow anchor if it is later desired to remove the part and effectively remove the anchor. This can be done by unscrewing, pulling the anchor away from the wall, and replenishing the remaining holes, or with the anchors in place within the holes.

In some cases, it may be desirable to provide a hollow anchor as shown in FIG. 12 which is identical to that shown in FIG. 10 but with the tip 41 closed without opening. This embodiment is useful when mounting a hollow anchor into a hole and then attempting to seal or reinforce the anchor by filling the hollow anchor with an epoxy compound.

The hollow anchors shown in FIGS. 9-12 do not have the same head as in the solid metal anchor shown in FIG. 1 but have a relatively thin collar or flange 37. Thus, a mounting tool 42 is provided to allow such hollow anchors to be easily embedded in the holes 39 drilled into the masonry or substrate. This mounting tool is formed of a solid cylindrical steel block, the upper end of which forms an anvil hit by the hammer (H) or other tool used by the installer, the lower end of which is received in the hollow of the anchor and protrudes from the lower end. The pack 43 is provided. Therefore, when such a mounting tool is used, it is simple to hit the anchor into the hole as shown in FIG.

Caps for Hollow Anchors

The hollow one-piece anchors of the type shown in FIGS. 9-12 are for practical application in fastening external shingles to the masonry of a building.

After inserting the hollow anchor through the mounting hole in the shingle and anchoring the anchor shank in the hole in the stonework, the shingle is fixedly installed in the stonework, but the flange 37 and the hollow portion of the anchor are exposed.

Typically, for fixed installation of metal shingles on the masonry of a building, prepainted tabbed concrete screws are used for this purpose, and washers painted in the same color are also provided. The screws and washers are used in large quantities in building construction. Therefore, the builder must keep an inventory of screws and washers painted in a range of colors consistent with the color of the shingles painted in different colors.

According to the hollow anchor for drilling according to the present invention, while it is very easy to fix the metal shingles on masonry or other structural materials, it is not possible to pre-paint the anchor, because the painted part is not suitable for the hammering action. Because it is crushed by. Thus, the present invention provides a means for imparting any desired color to the anchor after the anchor is embedded, wherein the anchor itself is an unpainted metal.

According to the hollow wall anchor according to the invention as shown in FIG. 14, the flange 37 is laid against the surface of the shingles 44 and exposed when the anchor is embedded. To cover the flange, a painted dome-shaped plastic button or cap 45 is provided with a center plug 46 formed of a series of compressible cones 47. Thus, when the plug 46 is pressed into the hollow of the anchor, it remains rubbing in the hole and the indentation cam 45 covers the flange 37 of the anchor. With this arrangement, the hollow anchor does not need to be painted because the color that matches the color of the shingle is provided by a cap that is pressed into the mounted anchor.

In the indentation cap shown in FIG. 15, the cap 48 is made of rubber or other elastomeric material with a plastic color that matches the shingle. The lower portion of the cap 48 is provided with a concentric sealing ring 49 which acts to achieve a watertight fastening when the cap is pressed against the surface of the shingles.

In the press-fit plastic cap 50 shown in FIG. 16, which is a variant, the press-fit plastic cap includes a central plug 46 for inserting into the hollow of the anchor, the cap forming an elongated ring 51. It is cast so that it can be used to support relatively light loads. Thus, if you want to decorate festoons and the like on the outer shingles of the building at the festival, the looped cap is useful for this purpose.

In the plastic cap 52 shown in FIG. 17 comprising a ring 53, the cap is formed with an internal thread of a hollow anchor of the type shown in FIG. 11 so that the ring can support a greater load. A center hole 54 is provided, which is a countersink for accommodating the cutting screw 55 that is tightened into the shank.

Sleeve for single piece anchor

Solid or hollow single piece anchors as described above are often not effectively applied in very fragile, porous or brittle concrete or masonry with perforated holes therein for receiving anchors. The reason for this is that when the anchor is embedded, the curved portion of the shank penetrates into the weak wall of the hole in the entry direction of the anchor, rather than being deformed to fit into the hole.

To overcome this problem, a thin wall sleeve 56 is used as shown in FIG. 18, which is preferably molded from synthetic plastic material or steel. At the lower end of the sleeve, longitudinal slits are provided which form fingers 56F which can be deflected freely.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 19, in the case where the shape according to the present invention in the hollow form or the solid form is to be pre-formed, the single piece anchor 58 is formed into the hole 59 drilled in the vulnerable stone 57. Before inserting the anchor, the sleeve 56 is first inserted into the hole to line the hole wall to be protected. When the screw anchor shank is driven into the lined hole as shown in FIG. 20, the curved portion of the shank deflects the finger 56F outward and presses it toward the wall of the hole, and the curved portion is deformed to maintain the holding force against the hole wall. Will be added. According to the above method, the stone hole is prevented from being split or damaged.

Instead of a split sleeve, a thin wall sleeve 61 as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22 can be used, which has a series of spaced outer lips, protrusions, tabs, or annular rings 61R. Is provided. The series of members are forced outwardly towards the masonry by the anchoring shank 58 of the anchor.

The sleeves shown in Figs. 18-20 do not have collars or flanges at their upper ends, which results in the Sleevy being seated at the bottom of the hole wall so that the shank of the anchoring anchor cannot be pushed past that point. However, if the substrate or masonry body has a limited thickness, such as in the hollow concrete wall 62 shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, an extension is made at the top of the sleeve to prevent the sleeve from being pushed to the rear of the wall. A collar or flange 63 is provided. This serves to prevent the sleeve from moving forward when the anchor is lodged in the hole.

Preformed single piece anchors according to the present invention are particularly useful for fragile masonry and the like, but any structure within the structural material capable of supporting lateral forces acting by the elastic relief of the shank when the anchor is embedded in the hole. It should be noted that the goal is to be useful for any hole in the system.

While the preferred embodiments of single piece anchors formed in the shape dictionary according to the present invention have been shown and described, it should be appreciated that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the basic spirit of the present invention.

Claims (24)

In a preformed single piece anchor of the type which is forcibly embedded in the interference fit hole in the axial direction and firmly fitted in the holes 10, 23, 39, 59, the anchor is provided with a driving element 15, 17. , 26,29,33,37 and long shanks 13,18,21,27,31,34, the shanks 13,18,21,27,31,34 (17,26,29,33,37) and the longitudinal axis extending through the shank (13,18,21,27,31,34) and the elements (15,17,26,29,33,37) Mutually spaced base portions B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₄ , B ₅ with end portions furthest away from and on one side of the shanks 13, 18, 21, 27, 31, 34. Formed bends 16, 19, 20, 22, 28, 32, 35 in shanks 13, 18, 21, 27, 31, 34 with vertices P on the other side of the shank between them The shape is pre-formed to have at least one between the swelling element 15, 17, 26, 29, 33, 37 and the end portion, the shank (13, 1) When 8, 21, 27, 31 and 34 are forced into the interference fitting holes 10, 23, 39 and 59, the relief portion is forcibly deformed by reaction with the wall of the hole and restored to its original shape. Wherein the anchor is molded from an elastic material to hold the anchor in place. Anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the shank (13,18,21,27,31,34) has a maximum cross-sectional dimension that is not substantially larger than the diameter of the hole (10,23,39,59). The anchor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the element is a head (15, 17) with which the hammer abuts. 2. Anchor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the element is an externally threaded stud (26). 2. Anchor as in claim 1, wherein the element is shaped like a ring (29). Anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the element is in the shape of a ring-shaped ring (33). The anchor of claim 1 wherein the anchor is formed from a tubular material, the upper end of the tubular material is enlarged to form the element, and the shank and the bent portion are hollow in shape. 8. The anchor of claim 7, wherein the tubular material is a steel pipe. The anchor as claimed in claim 7, wherein the tubular material is a stamped sheet metal that is bent into a tubular form. Anchor according to claim 6, characterized in that the shank portion underneath the expanded element (37) is of uniform diameter and threaded therein to receive the screw. Anchor according to claim 7, characterized in that the shank has an open tip (36). Anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the shank has a closed tip (41). In the mounting tool 42 for a hollow anchor according to claim 7, the tool comprises a cylindrical block having an anvil at one end and a pack 43 protruding from the other end received in the hollow shank. Characterized in that the mounting tool. Press-fit cap (45,48,50) for hollow anchor according to claim 7, characterized in that it has a center plug (46) frictionally housed in the hollow shank (34). 15. Indentation cap according to claim 14, characterized in that the indentation cap (48) is formed of elastomeric material and has concentric rings (49) on the lower side to form a watertight seal. 15. Indentation cap according to claim 14, characterized in that the cap (50) has a ring (51) formation. Screw cap 52 for a hollow anchor according to claim 10, characterized in that it has a center hole 54 for receiving a support screw 55 that is tightened into the inner threaded portion 34 'of the shank. Screw cap. A protective liner for anchors according to claim 1, characterized in that it is constructed in the form of a thin-walled sleeve (56,61) which can be inserted into a hole to protect the wall. 19. The protective liner of claim 18, wherein the lower region of the liner is formed with slits to form deflectable fingers (56F). 19. A protective liner according to claim 18, characterized in that a series of annular rings (61R) are provided on the outside of the sleeve (56,61). 19. A protective liner according to claim 18, wherein an extended collar (63) is provided at the upper ends of the sleeves (56, 61). 2. The anchor according to claim 1, wherein the anchor is shaped at the connection between the punching element and the shank and is dimensioned to fill at least the inlet of the hole when the shank is lodged into the hole so that the shank is secured by the lateral vibration force applied to the anchor. An anchor further comprising a safety element (W) that prevents rocking or loosening. The diameter of the safety element (W) according to claim 22, characterized in that the shank is embedded in the hole slightly larger than the diameter of the hole in order to allow the safety element to wedge and engage the entrance of the hole. anchor. 24. The anchor as claimed in claim 23, wherein the safety element (W) is generally cylindrical and slightly tapered to facilitate entry into the inlet of the hole.

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