KR950002848B1 - Plant growth regulators - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Removal of aerosols and longitudinal growth points of crops, horticultural crops and forest crops

The present invention relates to a method for the selective removal of axillary buds and terminal buds in crops, horticultural crops and forest crops, and more particularly, at least one aliphatic alcohol having up to 10 carbon atoms. A mixture of aliphatic alcohols mixed with at least one of aliphatic alcohols having 10 or more carbon atoms is diluted and dispersed to a predetermined concentration to selectively remove liquid and terminal growth points of tobacco and other crops, and to minimize damage to crops. By not damaging the growth of the body, it is possible to reduce the labor and economic burden for the removal of the liquid from these crops, and further relates to a method for removing the liquid and terminal growth point that can improve the quality and yield of the crop.

Crops, horticultural crops, and forest crops remove larvae or end-growth points in cultivation, and the nutrients deprived of the larvae or end-growth points are transferred to other places, such as leaves and rhizomes, to increase yields in crops that require them. It also improves quality. For example, in the case of tobacco cultivation, the terminal growth point is removed, and the solution is removed, and the leaves grow faster, the leaves grow, the yield increases, and the quality is improved.

For tobacco, the number of side shoots per week may vary depending on climatic conditions, tobacco type and variety, and soil quality. For example, in the case of yellow species, there may be three side shoots per cigarette and about 20 to 25 nodes.

If the side shoots are not removed, the side shoots continue to grow and inhibit the growth of the leaves, thereby degrading the quality and yield of the leaf tobacco.

In addition, the side shoots, as well as hinder the harvest of tobacco leaves, there is a problem that can act as a habitat for pests to grow and breed. The easiest way to get rid of longitudinal growth points and liquids is to remove them by hand, or if you spend a lot of time on expensive labor, it's expensive, and it can be a good way to get rid of diseases and pests. For this reason, a great deal of research has been done in this area to develop methods for using chemicals to inhibit or eliminate the growth of liquid or terminal growth points.

Conventionally, when a side shoot grows about 10 cm, it has been removed by hand directly. However, such side shoots usually need to be repeated three to five times or more, since second to third liquid children continue to grow from the removed node even after direct removal by hand.

In practice, however, the farmers remove the side shoots until most of the children have grown more than 10 to 20 cm in order to finish the removal of these side shoots two or three times. In this case, however, the growth of these early shoots grows up to three or four times the size of the side shoots just before removing the shoots. Loss of nutrition leads to malnutrition, which leads to early maturation of the lower lobe, cell division of the upper lobe is suppressed, and remodeling of the leaf is also inhibited. As a result, the yield of leaf tobacco and the quality of leaf tobacco also decrease.

In addition, the removal of side shoots such as this requires a lot of labor and time because the worker must remove the side shoots by hand, and during the removal of the side shoots, the normal tobacco leaf is broken or the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) bottle, etc. The problem of transferring the virus and other diseases of the virus occurs. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to develop a chemical agent that can inhibit or eliminate the growth of liquid solution. Maleic acid hydrazide [6-hydroxy-3 (2H) -pyridazinone] has been initially developed and used for this purpose, but its use is limited worldwide because of its high toxicity to the human body.

When using chemicals in crops, always keep in mind that crops are determined by whether the compounds to be used are toxic to humans or other organisms, are not at risk of use, or do not contaminate or destroy the natural environment. Are looking for ways to economically cultivate and minimize the side effects of chemical use.

When it was known in the late 1960s that aliphatic alcohols present in plants inhibited the growth of crops, there have been efforts to use municipal fatty alcohols for the purpose of crop removal, but there are more than 11 aliphatic alcohols. In this case, the use is a problem for crops, and so far, only aliphatic alcohols having 8 to 10 carbon atoms are used alone or in mixtures of two or more for the purpose of liquid removal. Soluble removal ability and weakness of aliphatic alcohols of 6 to 16 carbon atoms in plants known to date are 1-decanol (C ₁₀ ) having the greatest effect of eliminating solution and 1-nonane (C ₉ ) And 1-undecanol (c ₁₁ ) is the next highest 1-hexanol (C ₈ ) and 1-hexadecanol (C ₁₆ ) when sprayed at a concentration of 0.32 molar has no effect on the growth or removal of liquid solution. At the same concentration, 1-dodecanol (C ₁₂ ) and 1-tetradecanol (C ₁₄ ) are known to be very fragile, such as killing leaves of crops, and 1-undecanol (C ₁₁ ) is also weak. .

Therefore, as described above, a liquid elimination or inhibitor for aliphatic alcohols is generally used by mixing 1-decanol with 1-octanol and aliphatic alcohols having 11 or more carbon atoms that can be found in the mixture thereof are prepared. It can only be mixed with less than 3% by weight as impurities during the process. However, even though aliphatic alcohols with less than 11 carbon atoms have little liquid removal ability and no harm to crops, they require much attention due to their low flash point, relatively high volatility and human toxicity.

Most aliphatic alcohols, especially linear primary alcohols with an even number of carbon atoms, have been recognized as safe compounds because they are distributed in plants, but at lower carbon levels the risk of ignition and human toxicity is relatively high. Toxicity to the human body is known to be higher the lower the carbon number as a result of experiments in rabbits.

That is, when comparing 1-hexanol (C ₆ ) and 1-dodecanol (C ₁₂ ) to rabbit acute dermal toxicity (LD ₅₀ ), 1-hexanol (C ₆ ) is 2,600 to 3,100 mg / kg. 1-dodecanol (C ₁₂ ) is more than 10,000mg / kg 1-hexanol was found to be three times larger than 1-dodecanol.

In addition, as the aliphatic alcohol is a flammable substance, the lower the carbon number, the lower the boiling point and flash point of the alcohol, and the risk of ignition increases.

The risk of ignition of aliphatic alcohols is when they are stored, transported, manufactured and disposed of, and used by farmers.

Despite the advantages of 1-dodecanol as described above, the inventors of the present application have been reluctant to use 1-dodecanol due to the great damage to plants. It becomes the purpose.

Therefore, based on the following experimental results, the inventor has made numerous efforts to obtain a drug that is high in efficacy, low in harm, and safe to handle. As a result, at least one of C6-C10 aliphatic alcohols and 11 to 4 carbon atoms are obtained. When using an aliphatic alcohol mixture of at least one of the aliphatic alcohols, the present invention was found to be able to obtain a drug that is less harmful to crops, less toxic to the human body and less ignitable, and has a superior effect of removing liquids and growth points. Was completed.

This invention has the problems of the prior art as described above, in particular the highly toxic maleic acid hydrazide [6-hydroxy-3 (2H) -pyridazinone], but having 6 to 10 carbon atoms with high risk of ignition point and human toxicity. In order to solve the problem of use of aliphatic alcohol, an object of the present invention is to spread a predetermined amount of mixed drugs in which aliphatic alcohols are mixed and diluted in a predetermined ratio, so that the liquid solution of the crop and its growth point are easily dispersed, And easy to remove the growth point, and to reduce the risk of toxicity and ignition to the human body, and to minimize the damage to crops to minimize the impact on the growth of the body, to improve the income of farmers and prevent environmental pollution The present invention provides a composition for removing liquid and growth points of crops and a method of using the same.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is to remove the solution and terminal growth point of crops, horticultural crops and forest crops and to suppress the aliphatic alcohol composition of 5 to 95% by weight of aliphatic alcohol of 10 or more carbon atoms, It provides an aliphatic alcohol mixture formed from 95% by weight to 5% by weight of alcohol.

The aliphatic alcohol having 10 or more carbon atoms described above is preferably 1-dodecanol (C ₁₂ ) as an aliphatic alcohol having 11 to 14 carbon atoms.

Aliphatic alcohols having less than 11 carbon atoms are aliphatic alcohols having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1-octanol (C ₈ ) and 1-decanol (C ₁₀ ).

Particularly in the above composition ratio, preferably, a mixture of aliphatic alcohols of two components consisting of 10 to 70% by weight of 1-dodecanol, 90 to 30% by weight of 1-decanol or 1-octanol, or 1-hexane It is a three-component or four-component aliphatic alcohol mixture consisting of two or more selected from ol, 1-octanol and 1-decanol, and the content of 1-dodecanol is 10 to 70% by weight.

In addition, the present invention, the aliphatic alcohol mixture of 10 or more carbon atoms of 95 to 5% by weight and the aliphatic alcohol mixture of less than 11 carbon atoms of 95 to 5% by weight of the mixture prepared by preparing a mixture of aliphatic alcohols It provides a method for safely and safely removing the crop's solution or terminal growth point by contacting the solution's solution or terminal growth point.

Aliphatic alcohol mixture medicaments used for the removal of liquid and terminal growth points of crops according to the invention can be formulated and used by methods such as spraying, spraying, or application.

In addition, in this application, the active ingredient used in the present invention to remove side shoots of tobacco can be used in combination with, for example, herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators and fungicides, more preferably with fertilizers. It can also mix and use together.

Preferred application forms depend entirely on the purpose for which the formulation is to be used, and in all cases the active ingredient should be in uniform contact with the liquid germ and terminal growth point of the crop. The formulations can be prepared using conventional methods, such as by mixing the active ingredient with a solvent and / or carrier, with or without the use of emulsifiers and / or dispersants.

Nonionic emulsifiers such as polyoxyethylene aliphatic alcohol ethers and anionic emulsifiers such as alkyl sulfonates, arylsulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, preferably alkyl aryl sulfonates; And surfactants.

In general, the preparations according to the invention contain 1 to 99% by weight, preferably 70 to 90% by weight of active ingredient. The amount of dispersion depends on the desired effect, but on the basis of the final dilution, 5 to 30 ml per cigarette, preferably 8 to 20 ml, is suitable.

In the present invention, when used as a diluent, the aliphatic alcohol mixture is diluted to a concentration of 2 to 6% by volume, more preferably 3 to 5% by volume, using a common emulsifier, dispersant and water. It is desirable to.

If the concentration is too high, the crop may be weak due to the excessive dispersion of the drug. If the concentration is too thin, the amount of the drug is insufficient, so that the efficiency of eliminating liquid and growth points is low, or a large amount of the drug should be dispersed. As a result, there is a problem of excessive labor and distribution time.

Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable to distribute said dilution liquid in the range of 8-20 ml per week of tobacco. If the amount is too small, the effect is not sufficient, and if the amount is too large, it can cause weakness.

The method of dispersal of this drug is either a continuous spray or a spray of a certain amount of tobacco per week to ensure sufficient contact with the liquid and terminal growth points using manual or power sprayers.

Next, a preferred embodiment of this invention is described.

However, these examples are only presented to make the present invention easier to understand, and the present invention is not limited only to these examples.

Example 1

Linear aliphatic alcohols, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, and 1-dodecanol, alone, were mixed at a ratio of 85% by weight relative to polyoxy ethylene sorbitan to form an emulsion. These emulsions were again diluted to 3 vol% emulsion concentration, and the row line was adjusted so that 10cc of drug was dispersed per week of tobacco.

Tobacco was grown on the pavement with yellow species (NC-82), soaked in the late decanter, and spread the drug.

The treatment consisted of 5 weeks of tobacco and was repeated 4 times by the lump mass method. If necessary, the same experiment was repeated up to 3 times. The experimental value was an average of 4 repetitions and the average of each experiment was again averaged when the experiment was repeated.

Weak evaluation was carried out 7 days after the drug spread by the following evaluation method and the liquid removal rate was measured after 31 days after drug spread and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

Assessment Methods

1) weak assessment

After 7 days after drug distribution, the appearance of the treatment was observed and the grades were given from 0 to 10.

0: There is no weakness at all.

1: There are up to two dead spots of 5mm or less, up to 2 out of 5 seedlings per treatment.

2: Two or more of the five graves in each treatment zone have up to two dead spots of 5 mm or less.

3: There are two or more dead spots of 5mm or less, up to two of the five tombs, and up to two dead spots of 5mm or more.

4: There are two or more dead spots of 5mm or more, up to 2 out of 5 seedlings per treatment.

5: There are two or more dead dead spots of 2 or more to 5mm or more out of 5 seedlings per treatment.

6: The leaf part which spread | dispersed chemical liquid died less than 10%.

7: The leaf part which spread | dispersed chemical liquid died by 10-30%.

8: The leaf part which spread | dispersed chemical liquid died by 30-50%.

9: The leaf part which spread | dispersed chemical liquid died by 50-70%.

10: More than 70% of the leaves were sprayed with chemicals.

To those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs, it is of no value as a pesticide when the viscosity is 4 or more and the degree of drug efficacy (liquid removal rate) is 35% or less.

2) liquid removal rate

TABLE 1

Examples 2 to 17

The experimental purpose of this example is to find out the harm to the crop of the mixed medicament of the present invention. As the aliphatic alcohols, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, and 1-dodecanol were mixed in the ratio of the following Table 2, and weakly evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results were shown in the table. 2 is shown.

Weakness According to the Component Ratio of Aliphatic Alcohol Mixtures

TABLE 2

Examples 18-25

The experimental purpose of this embodiment is to determine the effect of liquid removal according to the component ratio of aliphatic alcohols. As the aliphatic alcohols, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, and 1-dodecanol were mixed in the ratio of the following Table 3, and the solution removal rate was actually evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 3 shows.

Liquid Elimination Effect According to the Component Ratio of Aliphatic Alcohols

TABLE 3

Examples 26-31

This example was conducted to investigate the solution removal rate and the weakness according to the treatment concentration of the aliphatic alcohol mixture including 1-dodecanol. The aliphatic alcohols used are practically the examples except that aliphatic alcohol mixtures formulated to contain 1-octanol and 1-decanol, which are currently used by US farmers, were evaluated 46 days after treatment. The same process as 1 was performed and the results are shown in Table 4.

Changes in Weakness and Liquid Removal Rate by Concentration of Aliphatic Alcohol Mixtures

TABLE 4

Examples 32-36

This example reduces the amount of maleinhydrazide (hereinafter referred to as MH) or other growth regulators currently used as tobacco liquid inhibitors by sequential treatment or mixing with aliphatic alcohol mixtures according to the present invention. It was conducted to see if it could. MH's strong toxicity has limited its use in many countries. In order to reduce the amount of MH used in the present invention, a method of reducing the amount of MH remaining in leaf tobacco by using an aliphatic alcohol mixture containing 1-dodecanol was reduced. All the conditions and methods were the same as in Example 1, but the MH dispersion was dispersed at 10 cc per cigarette seedling 7 days after the aliphatic alcohol mixture of the present invention.

All MH prostheses were more than 2 cm in size and removed by hand. The solution removal rate was assessed after the leaf tobacco harvest was completed after 46 days of dispersion, and the results are shown in Table 5.

[Table 5] Systemic Effect of Aliphatic Alcohol Mixtures and Maleinhydrazide

As can be seen in the above examples, the effect of removing the aliphatic liquid on the crops of the aliphatic alcohol compounds was the best of 1-decanol. 1-dodecanol could not be used alone due to its weakness.

From these results, it can be seen that the aliphatic alcohol compounds reduce the weakness by increasing the liquid elimination effect when mixed with when treated alone. In other words, the maximum value of the inhibitory effect of liquor in Table 1, in which aliphatic alcohol was used alone, was 65%. In addition, looking at Table 4 showing the comparative evaluation of the efficacy and the weakness according to the concentration it can be seen that it can be used as a relatively satisfactory drug efficacy and weakness within the concentration of the drug 3-6%.

In addition, the replacement effect on male hydrazide, which has been used in the past, has been found from the results of Table 5 that the amount of maleic hydrazide can be reduced by 33% by using the aliphatic alcohol mixture formulation of the present invention at a concentration of 3%. .

In view of the above, when aliphatic alcohols having 10 or more carbon atoms of the present invention are mixed with aliphatic alcohols having 11 or less carbon atoms in a predetermined ratio, they have a higher effect than those of aliphatic alcoholic agents or aliphatic alcohol mixtures having 8 to 10 carbon atoms. Methods may be provided that can provide fluid suppression or eliminate terminal growth points. In addition, since the amount of maleic hydrazide, which has been a problem due to the conventional toxicity, can be greatly reduced, the residual amount of maleic hydrazide in leaf tobacco and the like can be reduced to a stable level.

Claims (15)

Crops, horticultural crops and forest crops, characterized in that the aliphatic alcohol composition of 10 or more carbon atoms of 5% to 95% by weight and the aliphatic alcohol composition of less than 11 carbon atoms of 95% to 5% by weight. Composition for removing and suppressing liquid and terminal growth points. The drug according to claim 1, wherein the aliphatic alcohol having 10 or more carbon atoms is an aliphatic alcohol having 11 to 14 carbon atoms. The drug according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aliphatic alcohol having 10 or more carbon atoms is 1-dodecanol (C ₁₂ ). The drug according to claim 1, wherein the aliphatic alcohol having less than 11 carbon atoms is an aliphatic alcohol having 6 to 10 carbon atoms. The pharmaceutical according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the aliphatic alcohol having less than 11 carbon atoms is 1-hexanol, 1-octanol or 1-decanol. The medicament according to claim 1, wherein the aliphatic alcohol mixture is a three-component or more aliphatic alcohol mixture including 1-dodecanol and selected from 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, or 1-decanol. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the aliphatic alcohol mixture is a two-component aliphatic alcohol mixture comprising 1-dodecanol and selected from 1-octanol or 1-decanol. The drug according to claim 1, 6 or 7, wherein the aliphatic alcohol mixture has a content of 1-dodecanol in the range of 10 to 70%. Aliphatic alcohol mixtures are prepared by mixing aliphatic alcohols having 11 or more carbon atoms of 5% to 95% by weight and mixing of 95% to 5% by weight of aliphatic alcohols having less than 11 carbon atoms. Method for safely and safely removing the liquid germ or terminal growth point of a crop by contact with. The aliphatic alcohol mixture medicament for removing liquid and terminal growth points of a crop is prepared in the form of diluent solutions, suspensions, emulsions and pastes by spraying, spreading, applying or watering the mixture. Method used. The aliphatic alcohol mixture medicament according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising: an emulsifier (nonionic emulsifier, anionic emulsifier); Dispersants (sulfite waste liquor, lignin, methyl cellulose); Organic solvents (aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, crude oil fractions, ketones and amines) are dispersed by mixing at 0.1 to 99% by weight pharmaceutical active concentration using a processing aid such as a surfactant or water. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the aliphatic alcohol mixture drug spreads 30 ml per cigarette on a dilution basis. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the aliphatic alcohol mixture medicament is used at a concentration of 2 to 6% by volume, more preferably 3 to 5% by volume. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the aliphatic alcohol mixture agent is used in combination with herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, fungicides and fertilizers. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the aliphatic alcohol mixture medicament is used in combination or in combination with other liquid inhibitors, such as conventional malein hydrazide.