KR930007817B1 - Method for preparation of sea-island type composite fiber having fluorine polymer as sea component and spinning nozzle thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The method for preparing the bicomponent fiber is characterized by: forming island component of fluoro resin, that is ethylene tetra fluoro ethylene copolymer and sea component of polyamide or its copolymer, polystyrene or its copolymer, polyester or its copolymer or polyolefin so that the ratio of melt index (MI) of island component and sea component be 1.5-5.0 and the blending rate of sea component and island component be 10-40 wt.%, 60-90 wt.% respectively; by using the spinneret having no distribution pin and satisfying the eq. (1)(2) (where D2 is the diameter of the converging orifice 5, D4 is the diameter of the lower part of the storage chamber 2, φ is the diameter of the distribution orifice 3 and D5 is the distance between the slits.

Description

Method for producing island-in-the-sea composite fiber with island component as fluoropolymer and apparatus for spinning cap

Figure 1 is a spinneret longitudinal cross-sectional view of the island-in-the-sea composite fiber of the present invention.

2 is an exemplary cross-sectional view of X-rays of FIG.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the island-in-the-sea composite fiber.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: Distribution Plate 2: Storage Room

3: distribution hole (water supply path) 4: detention plate

5: joining hole 6: slits

7: Distribution hole (sea component supply flow path) D ₁ : Diameter of outermost part of distribution hole 3

D ₂ : Diameter of confluence hole 5 D ₃ : Spacing of distribution hole 3

D ₄ : Diameter of lower end of storage chamber 2 A: Island polymer

B: sea component polymer

In the present invention, two or more kinds of polymer melts are uniformly arranged in the form of islands and seas during spinning, and are continuously formed in the fiber axis direction of the composites of the islands and seas. As the fluorine resin, an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (hereinafter abbreviated as ETFE) having a copolymerization ratio of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene of 1: 1 is used, and the sea component is polyester, its copolymer, polyamide and its The present invention relates to a method for producing an island-in-the-sea composite fiber and a spinneret using a thermoplastic resin having a solubility in a specific solvent such as a copolymer, a polyethylene, a polypropylene containing a polypropylene, and a polystyrene.

The island-in-the-sea composite fiber obtained by the method of the present invention is an ultrafine fiber having a fine degree of fineness of 0.1 to 0.001 denier by eluting sea component in an appropriate solvent in the post-processing process. In addition to showing the effect, when used for clothing has a similar or higher fiber properties than natural suede, and also has a micro-fiber, which is characteristic of fluorine resin, can be used as antifouling suede.

Various manufacturing methods have been proposed as interest in the island-in-the-sea composite fiber which can manufacture artificial leather using ultra-fine fibers having fine fineness. However, in the case of using the conventional islands-in-the-sea composite fiber manufacturing method and spinneret device, many problems have arisen in the dissolution of sea component and the design and handling of the spinneret device.

Among the existing manufacturing methods, polyester-based islands-in-the-sea composite fiber using modified PET having a hydrolysis rate of about 10 to 100 QO faster than general-purpose polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter abbreviated as PET) as a sea component, and general-purpose PET as a island component In the manufacturing method, since the compatibility between the modified PET and the general purpose PET acts and the compatibility between the two polymers is improved, the compatibility of the two polymers is improved. There was a problem in obtaining a fiber of ultra-fineness having the required physical properties due to the infringement caused.

In addition, in Korean Patent Publication No. 87-1837, a method of manufacturing a composite fiber using polyamide and polyester is introduced, but there is a disadvantage in that thermal decomposition occurs during spinning due to differences in welding of polymers.

In addition, the conventional spinneret device is a device used in Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-28361, and since the distribution pin is deeply inserted into the joining hole during the distribution of the islands, the sea component and the island component are uniformly formed in the fiber axial direction. However, damage to the distribution pins occurs during the assembly and dispensing of spinnerets, and due to limitations due to the size of the distribution pins, there is a limit to placing a large number of islands in the same area. come.

In the present invention, the island-in-the-sea composite fiber has a fluorine resin ETFE, which is not only influenced by an alkali solution but also can dramatically increase the number of island components in elution during the post-processing process. A method for producing a thaw type composite fiber.

In addition, by using the spinneret required for this, disassembly and assembly of the distribution plate can be performed more easily, and the existing composite fiber manufacturing method and the detaining device are increased by increasing the number of distribution holes that can distribute the island components in the same area. The purpose is to solve problems with

In general, in order to produce a filament having a bicomponent molten composite phase of a sea component and a sea component in a detention apparatus, dispersion and focusing processes are repeatedly performed, wherein uniform formation of the island component in the fiber cross section occurs between the bicomponent polymers. Physical and chemical properties are greatly affected.

These properties include that the two polymers must be incompatibility, have no adhesion, the interfacial tension must be large, and the difference in their melt viscosity must be constant. In addition, the seaweed component should be adjusted to 40% by weight or less as a component ratio of the island component and the sea component to obtain an excellent island-in-the-sea composite fiber in fiber form.

The present invention is an island-in-the-sea type that dramatically increases the number of island components without dispensing the alkaline components by the alkali solution when eluting the sea components with the alkaline solution to solve the above-mentioned defects without using a distribution pin. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a composite fiber and a spinneret device, and is also a method for effectively obtaining a microfiber yarn having excellent spinning and drawing workability and excellent quality. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the whole of the spinneret device of the present invention, a cross sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the island-in-the-sea composite fiber obtained by the spinneret device. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the distribution plate 1 forms a storage chamber 2 into which the island-based polymer A flows in the central portion, and the plurality of distribution holes 3 are spaced apart from the lower portion of the storage chamber. And each of the distribution holes 3 are arranged at a vertical and horizontal interval of D ₃ .

Also, between the distribution holes 3 arranged vertically and horizontally at intervals of D ₃ , the lower portion of the distribution holes 7 into which another polymer (sea component polymer B) of the upper distribution plate 1 is introduced. The narrow slits 6 communicating with each other are provided in the form of a checkerboard as shown in FIG.

Polymer A thus enters the cylindrical island-based polymer reservoir 2 on top of the distribution plate 1 and is then dispensed through a large number of distribution holes 3 arranged at regular intervals vertically and horizontally. It joins in the confluence hole 5 of (4). Another polymer (sea component polymer) is introduced at a low speed through the distribution hole 7 and then at a high speed by the narrow slits 6 arranged in the form of a checkerboard. Polymers A and B, which are formed in islands in the distribution holes 3 and the slits 6 and flow in at high speed, have a diameter D ₂ smaller than the outermost diameter D ₁ of the distribution holes 3. Since the components of the polymers A and B are combined with each other in the ball 5, they do not mix with each other or cause phase change.

In this case, the diameter (D ₂ ) of the confluence hole (5) should be equal to the outermost part diameter (D ₁ ) of the distribution hole (3), and the cross-sectional shape of the mold should be smaller than the diameter (D ₄ ) of the lower end of the storage compartment (2). Good and easy to adjust ratio By way of example, the flow rate of the polymer (B) is slowed, and as a result, the polymer (A), which passes through the distribution hole (3), adheres to each other, so that the diameter (D ₂ ) of the joining hole (5) is equal to the storage compartment (2). It must be smaller than the diameter D _{4 at the} bottom. Therefore, the range of 0.2 ≦ D ₂ / D ₄ ≦ 0.8 is most preferred.

In addition, the ratio of the diameter of the distribution hole 3 through which the island component polymer is distributed in the distribution plate 1 and the slit interval D ₅ is 0.05 < When / D ₅ <0.45, a good island-in-the-sea composite fiber having a fineness of 0.1-0.001 denier can be obtained. here Is the diameter of the distribution hole 3. if If / D ₅ is less than 0.05, the pressure inside the spin pack becomes more than 300Kg, and spinning is impossible. And / D ₅ is greater than 0.45 when the island component polymer (A) may have been hampered by the sea component polymer (B) is non-uniform in cross section.

As the sea component polymer, polyamides and copolymers thereof such as nylon 6 and nylon 66, polystyrene and copolymers thereof, polyesters such as PET and copolymers thereof, polyethylene and polypropylene including polypropylene can be used.

As a fluororesin for the sea component, an ethylene-tetrafluoro ethylene copolymer (hereinafter abbreviated as ETFE) having a copolymer ratio of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene of 1: 1 is used as the fluororesin. The polymer has a melting point of 260 to 280 ° C, close to PET, and is measured at a load of 11kg at 300 ° C using a die of diameter 2.1mm and length 8mm according to ASTM D 1238 / 65T. At 37 g / 10 min, the specific gravity is 1.73 to 1.75 and the coefficient of friction is 0.20 for stainless steel. The polymer is also stable enough to react only with strong oxides such as 70% nitric acid and strong reducing materials such as n-butylamine.

In addition, the structure of the spinneret mentioned above and the difference between the MI values of the island and sea polymers should be considered. That is, the ratio of the MI value is in the range of 1.5 <A / B <5.0, so that the seam cross-sectional formation is satisfactory by making the voids of the sea component polymer uniform between the polymers (A) of the island component passing through the distribution hole 3. do. In addition, when the composite ratio of island component and sea component is B / A, the radioactivity is good when the sea component (B) is adjusted to 10 to 40% and the island component (A) to 60 to 90%. Here, when the A / B ratio is 1.5 or less, since the island component polymer (A) passing through the distribution hole (3) is hindered by the sea component polymer (B) passing through the slits (6), The disadvantages of joining each other arise.

When the island-in-the-sea composite fiber obtained by the present invention is treated by a conventional elution method, ETFE ultrafine fibers excellent in fouling resistance can be obtained.

If the fiber is used as a filament, it can be used for woven and knitted fabrics, and if it is used as a staple, it can be used for artificial leather manufacturing through a post-processing process.This product has excellent water repellency against water and oil-repellent oils based on hydrocarbons. It is also oily, which is effective for preventing contamination of the product.

In addition, the use of the detention apparatus of the present invention has the advantage that it is possible to produce an island-in-the-sea composite fiber more effectively.

The following is a detailed description of the Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention. (Manufacturing method of island-in-the-sea composite fiber)

Using the spinneret as shown in FIG. 1 using the island component polymer (A) and the sea component polymer (B), the diameter ratio of the diameter (D ₂ ) of the confluence hole (5) to the diameter of the lower end of the storage compartment (2) (D ₂ / D ₄ ) and the diameter of the distribution hole (3) ) And the slit interval (D ₅ ) / D ₅ ) was set according to the conditions.

In this spinneret box, the composite ratio (B / A) of island and sea components was supplied and discharged at 70/30, and the undrawn yarn was obtained at a winding speed of 1,500 meters / minute. At this time, the number of island components was 254.

In the slitting heater type drawing machine, which is a general drawing machine for polyester, a drawing yarn having a drawing ratio of 3.09 was used to obtain a drawn yarn having a fineness of 75d / 36f, a strength of 4.35g / d, and an elongation of 27%, and then circular knitting using a sock knitting machine. It was eluted with a defined chemical. In this way, the sea component was eluted and then the maximum fineness of the island component was achieved.

Example 1

An alkaline hydrolysis rate of 94 g / 10 min is obtained when ETFE having a MI value of 37 g / 10 min at 300 ° C. is used as an island component polymer (A) and a load of 5 Kg at MI is 265 ° C. as a sea component polymer (B). A modified polyester polymer having a fast intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g was used.

The resulting stretched yarn was rounded and eluted for 30 minutes in an alkaline aqueous solution adjusted to a concentration of caustic soda (NaOH) at 100 ° C. at 2%. The solution was eluted with a maximum fineness of 0.008 deirs. It was.

Example 2

Example 1 Except that polystyrene having melting point of 240 ° C. was used as the sea component and D ₂ / D ₄ was 0.5, and the obtained composite yarn was eluted at room temperature for 30 minutes using a trichloroethylene solvent. In the same manner as the above, good radioactivity, elongation and elution were obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1

D ₂ / D ₄ ratio was set to 1.2 and the same as in Example 1, but the radioactivity and stretchability was good, but the cross-sectional formation was poor.

Comparative Example 2

/ Was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the D ratio of ₅ to 10. Under these conditions, the radioactivity and stretchability were good, but the cross-section was poor. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3

The same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that a modified polyester containing 50% of ETFT having a MI value of 30 g / 10 min at 300 ° C. was used. Under these conditions, radioactive, stretchable and cross-sectional states were poor. The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

Where PES: Polyester

TCE: Trichloroethylene

* 1: MI value measured at 265 ° C and 5kg load

* 2: MI value measurement at load of 11Kg at 300 ℃

* 3: MI value measurement at 265 ° C and 5kg load

Claims (5)

The spinneret for islands-in-the-sea composite fiber, which satisfies the following formulas (1) and (2) and does not use a distribution pin. 0.2≤D ₂ / D ₄ ≤0.8 ... ..(One) 0.05≤ / D ₅ <0.45 ......... (2) Stage D ₂ : diameter of confluence 5 D ₄ : diameter of the lower end of the storage compartment 2 : Diameter of distribution hole 3 D ₅ : Slit interval Two-component islands-in-sea type, characterized in that the fluororesin is used as a sea component, and polyamide and its copolymers, polystyrene and its copolymers, polyesters and its copolymers and polyolefins are used as sea components, and the spinning detention apparatus of claim 1 is used. Method for producing a composite fiber. The method of claim 2, wherein the melt index (MI) ratio of the island component and the sea component is adjusted to 1.5 to 5.0. The method of claim 2 wherein the island component is ethylene tetrafluoro ethylene copolymer. The method according to claim 2, wherein the composite ratio of the sea component and the island component is 10 to 40% by weight of the sea component and 60 to 90% by weight of the island component.