KR930001841B1 - Decorative fuctional element for construction and the like - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Surface covering materials for buildings

1 is a perspective view of a terracotta outer covering which is a novel surface coating according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the terracotta facing plant shown in FIG. 1. FIG.

3 is a plan view of the upper side of the outer cover shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the bottom surface of the overlying plant shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a right side view of the exterior plant shown in FIG. 2. FIG.

6 is a left side view of the exterior plant shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the exterior plant shown in FIG. 1. FIG.

8 is a sectional view along line 8-8 of FIG.

9 is a sectional view along line 9-9 of FIG.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 11 showing various surface and spot angle and equidistant relationships of the facet of FIG. 1 shown in FIG.

11 is a plan view of the side ornament of FIG. 1 with section lines 10-10 and 12-12 to show angular and spatial relationships and cross sections in the surface covering according to the invention.

12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 12-12 of FIG.

13 is a perspective view of another example, side concrete block of the present invention.

14 is a plan view of the block shown in FIG.

FIG. 15 is a front view of the block shown in FIG.

FIG. 16 is a right side view of the block shown in FIG.

17 is a left side view of the block shown in FIG.

FIG. 18 is a sectional view along line 18-18 of FIG.

19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 19-19 of FIG.

20 is a perspective view of a glass block as another example of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a plan view of one of the faces of the glass block shown in FIG.

FIG. 22 is a plan view of the upper side shown in FIG. 20. FIG.

FIG. 23 is a plan view of the lower side shown in FIG. 20;

FIG. 24 is a left side view of the block shown in FIG. 20; FIG.

FIG. 25 is a right side view of the block shown in FIG. 20;

FIG. 26 is a bottom view of the block shown in FIG. 20;

FIG. 27 is a sectional view along line 27-27 of FIG.

FIG. 28 is a cross sectional view taken along the line 28-28 of FIG.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

3: square element 6: concrete block

9: glass block 11-15: surface

16: zero height 17: negative height point

18: plus height point

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a square surface coating material having multiple surfaces on one side for the purpose of improving the visual appearance of walls, floors, ceilings, roofs or the like. More specifically, the present invention relates to articles suitable for causing a large number of deformations in the visual appearance due to the almost infinite variety of optical interactions of the various surfaces causing various visual effects and optical illusions in three-dimensional space. The invention also relates to a construction element which generates an illuminated area, a cloudy area and a shaded area according to the arrangement. As a result, surfaces are obtained that intersect or provide discontinuities to produce optical and visual effects from very faint to noticeable. At the same time, these effects optically provide hallucinations that change with subsequent observation.

In the structure of the various surfaces to achieve decorative effects, two or three dimensional surfaces have been formed, for example, on the floor tile. Various effects are achieved by changing the color of the various tiles or by changing the arrangement of the size and / or orientation. For example, these effects vary from unordered mosaic appearance to fully ordered symmetrical effects. Floor tiles also have various patterns that cause some optical illusions. Most of the time, floor tiles are two-dimensional or use colors and contrasts that form other appearances, such as Roman mosaics and the like.

In addition, three-dimensional visual effects have been formed in the two-dimensional tiles described above, for example by imparting various intersecting wave-shaped lines to provide a three-dimensional wave-like surface appearance.

For example, for building facades or interior surfaces, such as building walls, three-dimensional raised and lowered surfaces or hollow passageways are formed in the building blocks so that the three-dimensional surfaces form a satisfactory visual appearance. It was obtained by.

In addition, terra cotta structures have been used to give delicate details to the facade. Some of these had glazed surfaces that resulted in salient features in color and light.

In general, such three-dimensional repeating structures could be accepted, but for a single common element or structural element of the basic building, the possibilities of forming various visual appearances due to the interaction of light on the surfaces were limited.

In addition, the application of such interactions is limited because of the difficulty in combining complex three-dimensional patterns, which allows the operator to optically manipulate these patterns when working to avoid committing errors in such combinations or errors in use in building structures. Because it is difficult to relate.

Even though some surfaces reflect light somewhat when they have different angles of incidence, the optical effects can be further enhanced if the intersection of these surfaces is provided in such a way as to cause reflection, shading or refraction with almost infinite variations. In other words, this principle is used, for example, in cut glass, ie crystal production and molding, and this principle has also been used with significant results, such as in cut crystals or shandeliers using this principle. However, the combination of various structures that are almost infinite in only one facet or at most two facets of a single element is not known to the inventors.

In order to enhance the appearance of surfaces such as floors, ceilings or walls, various visual appearances are achieved by selecting standard elements. This element is three dimensional and produces visual effects and appearances depending on the direction of placement of a number of specially related surfaces on one or two sides of the square element. For the purpose of a building, various near-infinite surface appearances can be formed by the proper placement and orientation of a single square element and its relationship to other square elements adjacent or side by side. All of the elements are preferably in a square pattern (although they can be formed from a single square element). In addition, the present invention may have a variety of appearances for these articles, from very faint appearance to very strong appearance in terms of cloudy, shaded and illuminated areas. When using two opposite three dimensional faces, such as in a glass block or an acrylic block, an additional three dimensional effect is achieved.

In the elements described herein, "lighted areas" refers to areas where light is directly irradiated, "cloudy areas" refers to areas where light falls on the surface, and "shaded areas" means that the surface of three-dimensional elements has a distinct shadow. Means the area projecting.

This definition relates to a single light source, with different effects when multiple light sources are directed at the exposed surfaces of this element.

The visual appearance of this element allows for sparse and constant interaction of the light with other incident light. This change occurs in almost kaleidoscope fashion when light acts on the surface of this element, such as when sunlight is on the outside of a building during the day when the sun is rising.

In addition, by allowing the surfaces to be varied in a variety of nearly infinite variations, a large number of patterns can be formed that can exhibit various effects when light enters each pattern. Thus, by arranging the elements in one form, one region can be made, and by arranging the elements in another form, another region can be formed adjacent to the region. Since the arrangement is based on a square element having a plurality of surfaces, various regions of almost infiniteness can be formed on the entire surface. At the same time, the assembly of these elements in each area can be done very easily by appropriately rotating and positioning these elements in parallel and finishing the border areas.

In the present invention these elements are equilateral sides and have five surfaces. One of the surfaces is square in the plan view, and the other surfaces are also parts of the same rectangle in the plan view. Also by dividing this rectangle with five surfaces into four compartments (sections), symmetrical compartments can be formed which become identical in placement. Two of these four compartments can be used to complete the edge portion or boundary area of the surface that needs to be completed. Moreover, by dividing the surface, that is, by dividing the surface in straight lines to form two identical parts, a rectangle that can be used to complete the boundary regions of the surface, which are completed with the elements, as in the other areas described above. Can be formed.

However, for the purpose of the building and for ease of assembly, it is found to be most convenient to use a square element with five surfaces in plan view, or two subunits of that element with four surfaces in plan view. lost. These surfaces and their other variations and applications will be described further below.

In addition, for any given application each of the surfaces may be further distinguished by any combination of the surfaces or by the color reflecting or refractive properties of that surface to achieve the infinite variations that these elements may have.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Terracotta facades are shown in Figures 1-9, the principle of use of this decorative element is described in Figures 10-12, and embodiments of concrete blocks are shown in Figures 13-19. Also shown in FIGS. 20-28 are double sided glass blocks.

The description of the terracotta materials is "Terra Cotta" (1984), published by Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois, 60605, Illinois, USA, South Dearborn Street 407, South Dearborn Street. In a publication such as this.

Also published in 1975 by the Institute of Financial Education in Chicago, Illinois, USA, and published in the book "Structures, Principles, Materials and Methods" (3rd edition), "Concrete Blocks" , Stone wall and ceramic tile finishing, and how to use glass blocks. " Thus, descriptions of the various materials from which the novel elements of the present invention can be made can be found in readily available literature.

1 is a perspective view of a square element 3, which is a cladding of the present invention, illustrated as a terracotta cladding suitable for building surfaces, such as exterior walls of a building.

In FIG. 2, the surfaces of the element 3 are five and represented by numbers 11-15.

The relationship of the surfaces is shown in FIG. Edge 16 forms the zero height surface of the element, and point 17 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and 3 forms the negative height point of the element relative to the zero height surface, and point 18 ) Forms the plus height point of the element. They can also be expressed in terms of faces, but as they are points, they are marked with points 17 and 18 as such. Thus, the line of the corner 16 forms the zero height surface of the element 3, and the points 16a, 17, 18 are in the middle of each corner of the element 3 and along each corner 7 Is the same distance from

For example, the points 16a in the line of the edge 16 are equidistant from each of the corners of the element shown in FIG.

For ease of understanding, all of the various points and lines in each of the elements are denoted by the same numerals in each figure.

The top view of the backside of the terracotta facet shown in FIG. 7 shows a representative structure of a terracotta facet with a surface attached in contact with the wall and a frame 19 defining the backside of the surfaces 11-15. .

FIG. 8 shows a cross section along line 8-8 of FIG. 2, and FIG. 9 shows a cross section along line 9-9 of FIG.

Although the point 17 may be located directly on the provisional surface of the terracotta structure, for example for fixing purposes and the like, the face is raised by an appropriate increment, for example by the distance indicated by the number 21.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, when one of the two elements 3 is rotated 180 degrees to face the other element 3, that is, the point 18 of one element is different from the point 17 of the other element. When one element is rotated to lie on top of another element, the elements form a square block. That is, the upper surface of one element is coupled to the upper surface of the other element so that it can be safely transported and stored. Thus, these surfaces can be easily protected against each other. For transportation purposes, they can be combined with one another and safely moved from the source or in the workshop.

As is apparent from FIGS. 13-19, the element 3 may have one side thereof as part of the concrete block 6, or as thin as a floor tile.

Thus, the angle alpha shown in FIG. 10 may be from almost zero (but not zero) to an angle close to 90 ° at most. In practice, however, the manufacture and / or transportation of the block becomes more difficult when the angle alpha is greater than 45 °. At an angle alpha of 45 °, if no part is raised by the distance 21 shown in FIG. 8, a complete cube is formed in which the two blocks are bonded to each other. The inner angle beta of one corner of the element shown in FIG. 12 is also used to define these blocks. For example, in a block with an alpha of 45 ° on the side 22 shown in FIG. 1, the angle beta at point 18 is 90 °. In FIG. 5, the complementary angle at point 17 forms 360 ° with the angle beta.

An example will be described further utilizing the various possibilities of urea with an alpha of 45 ° and a beta of 90 °.

Similarly, if the angle beta at point 18 is 120 °, it may form a series of hexagonal repeats when the element 3 is laid on the side 22.

When these elements are placed on the side 22, various other forms can be obtained. For example, if the angle alpha is 45 ° and the angle beta at point 18 is 90 °, a square structure can be obtained. These possibilities further enhance the function of the element when laid on the side 22 as well as when laid flat on the back side of the element 3, such as when placed on the rim 19. However, for this purpose, the point 17 should not be as high as the distance 21 shown in FIG. 8, for example.

In addition, when the element 3 is laid on its side as shown in FIG. 10, the side 22 must be as high as 2 units with respect to the point 17 as described above. Thus, one of the intersections 16a forms one and the same unit.

As is apparent from FIGS. 1 and 2, each of the surfaces 11-15 may also have different colored glazing and / or different reflective coatings. Thus, various modifications are possible in each of the surfaces. Various combinations of various surface textures near infinite are possible.

If the angle alpha is 45 ° and the angle beta at point 18 is 90 °, when these elements with such angles are placed on the side 22 they form a square (in plan view) inside of these four blocks. That is, when viewed from top to bottom, on the inner surfaces of the upper surfaces, i.e., on the opposite side 23 of the side 22, a square formed with points 17 at each corner is formed. This shape is similar to a cross in the form of a "red cross". These assemblies can be used in many forms, such as on walls or ceilings. Thus, they form a suitable wall covering that projects only towards the viewer, for example a number of square and "red cross" shapes.

Similarly, when the angle beta at point 18 is 120 ° and these elements lie at the side 22, a hexagon is formed by the three of them and each assembly of three elements is a hexagonal space between them. A series of hexagons are formed with. The hexagonal space is like two elements 3 placed on the back side.

Thus, when two elements in the space are arranged face to face, i.e. when the points 17 are clustered together and the points 18 are opposite each other, the preliminary shape of the space for the hexagon is adjacent hexagonal. It is formed in part by a three element unit.

As is apparent from the above description, this variety provides various surface effects on the elements to act as building blocks, decorative tiles, glass blocks or floor tiles and the like. For floor tiles, the angle alpha in FIG. 10 is very small, and the floor tile surface can be properly filled to form a rectangular flat shape after the tile is placed. At the surfaces 11-15, when an epoxy or polyurethane polymer is used to cover these surfaces, a flat and satisfactory visual three-dimensional effect is obtained. These tiles may be preformed with an epoxy coating or infused with an epoxy resin.

20-28 illustrate a glass block with two opposite faces. They are useful for generating isolation structures and various light effects. Glass blocks are typically hollow and made of two parts. The two parts are then joined together. The edge frame 19 shown in relation to the distance 21 with respect to the glass block in FIG. 27 may have dimensions suitable for constructing the double-sided glass block 9 of the thickness selected according to the load bearing needs. Of course, when a double-sided structure, such as for the glass block 9, is used to hot press or form a transparent or initially plastic sheet, the production and assembly of square and various shapes of plastic sheets by pressing is possible. (In various structures) is done because all repeat units are the same size. In addition, the limit conditions as described above may be used.

Thus, although some of these effects have been sought to be achieved in two-dimensional elements, in accordance with the present invention the observer has an optically satisfactory appearance, with much higher optical reverberation and an optically satisfactory appearance, from the faintest to the strongest and contrasting. Three-dimensional surfaces with a large visual impact on are achieved. Another advantage of various optical illusions that can occur three-dimensionally allows not only free selection of light incidence for appropriate light conditions, but also numerous surface changes which have been rather indifferent to date can be achieved.

When photographs are taken at different incidence and observer positions, the various arrangements of these elements produce remarkably beautiful surface effects. These pictures were beautifully shown when the white element 3 was used in black and white or when color elements were used in color pictures when the elements of different colors were used.

Thus, in forming these effects, due to the different angular relationships of the surfaces at various alpha and beta angles and the biased arrangement of the various elements to provide surface discontinuities, such as surfaces 11--15 The surfaces themselves or their surface intersections are often used. By "surface discontinuities" is meant a surface 90 ° crossing the base of the element 3 disposed on the surface to be covered, facing the next adjacent surface.

In addition to the above description, when half or a quarter of the elements are used to complete an edge or boundary, they can be used to form a transition region between different fringes. In its completion work, a quarter of the tiled elements are preferably used because they are symmetric about the lines 24 or 25 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Materials that can be usefully used for this purpose include, but are not limited to, ceramic materials; Plaster of paris; Glass fibers; Resins or polymers such as acrylics, polyesters, reinforcing resins; Metals such as steel, aluminum and similar materials that may be surface coated. Ceramic tiles may be baked to be used in a bent state or in glazes and various colors.

Likewise, fly plaster can be used in natural form or painted or surface treated.

As mentioned earlier, the floor tile may be composed of a ceramic bottom and an epoxy on the bottom to provide a translucent rigid top and bottom if the surfaces 11-15 can have any color. They can then be placed in the epoxy and the connection ends with an epoxy resin and the like.

In addition, a decorative panel wallboard may be obtained which may be a metal such as glass fiber, reinforced plastic, steel or aluminum. These materials can be made in various sizes to suit different conditions.

The materials can be hollow, such as the terracotta shown in FIGS. 1-9 and the glass blocks of FIGS. 20-28, and when used as exterior surface elements for walls, from 2 inches (about 5.08 cm) to 2 feet (about 60.96). Can be of various sizes up to cm). Similarly, metals such as steel or aluminum, fiberglass, reinforcement plastics, vinyl, ABS and similar materials can be used as suitable for interior or exterior. Also, for the transparent effect, polyacrylic resin or glass and the like can be used. For example, acrylic and glass materials can have any color or shade. These blocks are shown in FIGS. 13-19 and 20-28.

Load-bearing sheaths or interior blocks, such as the concrete blocks 6 shown in FIGS. 13-19, are similarly used, the blocks having surfaces as defined for the aforementioned elements, as shown in FIG. As described above, the distance 21 is a thickness necessary for load bearing purposes. These blocks may be hollow or not hollow, but it is preferred to have hollows 6a as is well known. They may be natural, painted or overlaid. In addition, their size can be changed within the 8x8x8 specification as in the concrete block 6, or any change as long as the required unit relationship for the surface exposed to the observer is obtained.

Roof cladding and other cladding or covering and variations as described above are also possible and may provide children's entertainment toys and game blocks such as made of plastic, ABS plastic, and the like.

Claims (12)

A building surface covering comprising a three-dimensional body having a rectangular base, the body comprising: a zero face 16 having the body parallel to the base; A negative height point 17 lower than the zero plane; A plus height point 18 higher than the zero face by a distance equal to the distance from the zero face 16 to the negative height point 17; A pair of first intermediate points (16a) located at the zero plane (16) at the same distance from two opposite sides of the body, one on each of two opposite sides of the zero plane; Respectively located at the negative height point 17 and the plus height point 18 at the same distance from the opposite sides of the zero plane 16, each at the same distance from the zero plane, and the first intermediate points ( A pair of second intermediate points at the corners of the plane 15 intersecting the zero plane 16 at 16a; A rear face 22 extending from the base to the plus height point to form a triangle with plus height point 18 and zero face 16; A front face 23 comprising a negative height point 17 and two symmetrical triangles; A surface coating for a building having two rectangular sides extending from the base to the zero side (16). A surface coating product, wherein the surface coating materials according to claim 1 are repeatedly arranged in a single row. When the surface coverings described in claim 1 are placed on a building surface, the surface covering is placed in a straight line passing through its pair of first intermediate points and its pair of second points for use at the edges or finishing boundaries of the array. Surface covering subunits formed by dividing into two or four accordingly. The building surface covering of claim 1, wherein the angle between the line and the base passing through the minus height point (17) and the plus height point (18) is greater than 0 degrees but less than 45 degrees. The building surface coating according to claim 1, wherein the angle at the plus height point (18) is less than 90 degrees but greater than 45 degrees. The building cladding material of claim 1, wherein the angle at the plus height point is 120 degrees. The building surface coating material of claim 1, wherein the angle between the base and the line passing through the minus height and plus height points is 45 degrees. The building surface coating material according to claim 1, wherein the surface coating material is a floor tile having upper surfaces of an epoxy coating layer having a sufficient thickness against wear at the plus height point. The building surface coating material of Claim 1 whose surface coating material is a glass block. The building surface covering material according to claim 1, wherein the surface covering material is a concrete block integrally having a thick rectangular base. The building surface coating material according to claim 1, wherein the surface coating material is a terracotta facade for buildings. A surface coating material product comprising the surface coating materials according to claim 1 arranged in a plurality of rows.

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