KR930000254B1 - Composite fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

Composite fiber of fiber-forming polyamide, e.g. nylon 4, nylon 6, nylon 7, nylon 11, nylon 66 or nylon 610 and fiber- forming polyester is composed of the first component forming more than 4 wedge segments radially branched from the center of cross- section, and the second component placed among wedge segments of the first component and covering the circumferential portion of fibers cross-section. The central portion of cross-section is hollow, occupying 1-10 % of the whole cross-section area. Also the composite fiber satisfies the equation of 1/20 R < A < 1/8 R (where R is radius of composite fibers cross- section, A is minimum width between wedges top portion nd circumferential portion of composite fiber).

Description

Composite fiber

1 to 4 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional composite fiber.

5 is a cross-sectional view of the composite fiber of the present invention.

6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a composite spinning device for producing a composite fiber of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the composite fiber discharge portion employed in the apparatus of FIG.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

11: sand cup 12: upper detention plate

13 lower lower plate R: cross section radius of the fiber

A is the shortest width between the apex of the wedge and the outer periphery of the composite fiber

The present invention relates to a composite fiber made of polyamide and polyester, and more particularly, a multi-segment in which the polyamide component and the polyester component are separated into a plurality of microfibers by chemical treatment, thereby making an ultrafine fiber. It relates to a composite fiber.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various multi-segment composite fibers are known in which microcomponent fibers are obtained by separating components by chemical or physical treatment.

As a basic method for obtaining microfibers by chemical treatment, as disclosed in US Patent No. 4,008,344, a composite fiber having a so-called island-in-the-sea cross section is known (see FIG. 1). This fiber consists of sea and island components with different solubility and degradability. In order to obtain fine fibers from these fibers, even if only the sea component is dissolved or decomposed and removed using a predetermined solvent, only the fiber of the component is left to be separated. Due to the loss, not only is not industrially preferable in terms of manufacturing cost, but also has a problem that it is very difficult to treat the waste liquid produced when dissolving or decomposing the sea component.

On the other hand, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 48-28005 discloses a composite fiber having a cross section as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, which fibers separate each segment by a physical method. It has the advantage of being able to produce fairly stable production. However, in this fiber, the number of segments that can be industrially divided is 5 in the case of FIG. 2 (a) and 7 in the case of (b) (6 fan parts (1) and radial part (2) 1). Limiting, and if it is larger than that, the fan 1 becomes finer fibrils of finer fineness, but since the radial part 2 becomes larger in fineness, the radial part 2 is removed. There is a problem that a composite fiber made of fine fibrils is not obtained unless dissolved or decomposed.

In addition, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-47416 discloses a composite fiber having a cross section as shown in FIG.

Such a composite fiber having a transverse plane shape has problems of fibers as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B because (1) segments and (2) segments have the same sector shape. Do not.

However, the composite fibers having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Figs. 2 (a), (b) and 3 are drawn because the outer periphery of each segment (1), (2) is not covered and is open. Not only are these segments separated by the tension in the process, but there is a high possibility of lap, moor, etc., and in some cases, cutting may occur. There is a problem that is the cause of defects and defects. Particularly, in the raising process, there is a problem that the raising length becomes uneven and that an excellent suede-like woven or knitted fabric cannot be produced. In order to solve such a problem, the present inventors proposed a composite fiber having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 4 in Korean Patent No. 16103 (Patent Publication 83-2440).

This fiber consists of a fiber-forming polyamide and a fiber-forming polyester, and the 1st component becomes four or more wedge-shaped radially branched from the center part and center part of the composite fiber cross section, and the 2nd component In the composite fibers alternately arranged between the wedges of the first component, the second component is to surround the outer peripheral portion of the cross section of the composite fiber, characterized in that to satisfy the following two expressions.

0 <A <1 / 8R, 0 <B <1 / 4R

Where A is the shortest width between the apex of the wedge and the circumference of the cross section of the composite fiber, B is the shortest width of the wedge, and R is the radius of the cross section of the composite fiber.

Since the second fiber wraps around the outer circumferential portion of the cross section of the composite fiber, the composite fiber having such a cross-sectional shape is not easily separated, so that it is stable not only during the stretching process but also during the flamming, weaving, and knitting processes. It is satisfactory and also solves the problems caused by this component in the selection of emulsions, air conditioning conditions and the like.

However, in the fiber, since the wedge-shaped portion and the central portion branched radially from the central portion are made of the same component, there is a problem that it is very difficult to separate these connecting portions by chemical or physical methods.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems described above, the object of the present invention is to reduce the weight loss to the maximum, excellent operability, and easy to finely fiberize the two segments are divided simply by simple weight reduction processing To provide a composite fiber.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises a fiber-forming polyamide and a fiber-forming polyester, wherein the first component is four or more wedges radially branched from the center of the cross section of the composite fiber. The second component is arranged alternately between the wedge-shaped portion of the first component described above, and at the same time to surround the outer peripheral portion of the cross section of the composite fiber of the second component, wherein In the central portion, 1 to 10% of the total cross-sectional area is hollow, and the composite fiber satisfies the following equation.

1 / 20R <A <1 / 8R

(Wherein R is the cross-sectional radius of the composite fiber and A is the shortest width between the apex of the wedge-shaped portion and the outer peripheral surface of the composite fiber).

In this invention, in order to achieve smooth division of a wedge-shaped part, the cross-section center part of a composite fiber is made into hollow part. If the hollow area is less than 1% of the total cross sectional area of the composite fiber, the operability in the weaving and weaving process will be good, but the splitability will deteriorate. If the hollow area exceeds 10%, The hollow part is too large, the composite fiber is easily divided during the weaving, weaving process, there is a problem that the operability worsens.

In the present invention, a fiber-forming polyamide is employed as the first component that is radially separated from the central portion of the cross section of the composite fiber to form a wedge-shaped portion, and is alternately arranged between the wedge-shaped portions of the first component. By employing the fiber-forming polyester as the second component surrounding the outer circumferential portion of the cross section, it is advantageous for the selection of the oil agent and the selection of the guide, and in particular, the winding is possible by polyester air conditioning.

Moreover, in this invention, in the cross section of a composite fiber, the shortest width A between the apex part of a wedge-shaped part, and the outer peripheral surface of a composite fiber,

1 / 20R <A <1 / 8R

(Where R is the radius of the cross section of the composite fiber).

In the case of 4≤1 / 20R, the thickness of the coating layer is too thin, the coating layer may be damaged by friction with the friction agent during operation, and the surface may be peeled off. Is poor, and operability is deteriorated.

In the case of A≥1 / 8R, the thickness of the outer circumference is so thick that the weight loss of the second component is large, leading to an increase in manufacturing cost, and at the same time excessive weight loss is required to remove it, resulting in a decrease in tear strength. Done.

In the present invention, since the conditions of 1 / 20R <A <1 / 8R are satisfied, the polyamide portion is appropriately coated with polyester, which makes selection of an oil agent easier.

That is, in the case of the split composite fibers as shown in FIGS. 2 to 3, since some of these components, especially polyamides, are exposed on the circumferential surface of the composite fibers, electrostatic and moisture absorption problems occur. Although there is considerable difficulty in selecting an emulsion and selecting air conditioning conditions, in the composite fiber according to the present invention, since only the polyester as the second component is expressed on the circumferential surface of the composite fiber, the emulsion, air conditioning conditions and friction suitable for the polyester The advantage of simply selecting the sieve is very advantageous in terms of operation.

Since the composite fiber of this invention is easily divided | segmented only by the normal alkali weight reduction process after manufacture, the microfiber of 0.5 denier or less can be manufactured easily, without using an expensive chemical agent.

In the present invention, as the fiber-forming polyamide, any polyamide that can be fiberized by spinning can be used, but in particular, nylon 4, nylon 6, nylon 7, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 66, nylon 610, polymethac Polyamides such as silane adiamide, polypaxylene decanamide, polybiscyclonhexyl metadecanamide, polybiscyclohexyl metadecanamide, and copolymers of two or more of these polyamides, or these polyamides Copolymers containing less than 15 mol% of a third component, or mixtures thereof may also be used. Of these, nylon 4, nylon 6, nylon 7, nylon 11, nylon 66 and nylon 610 are particularly preferred.

In the present invention, as the fiber-forming polyester, any polyester that can be fiberized by spinning can be used, but in particular, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetramethylene terephthalate, polyethyleneoxy benzoate, and poly 4-dimethylcyclohexane tere Polyesters, such as a phthalate, 2 or more types of copolymers of these polyesters, or the copolymer which contains less than 15 mol% of 3rd components in these polyesters, or a mixture thereof can also be used.

The composite fiber of the present invention having the configuration as described above can be spun using a known composite spinning device as shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 shows a detailed cross section of the discharge portion employed in the composite spinning apparatus shown in FIG.

The composite spinning apparatus of the present invention is provided with a sand cup 11, upper and lower holding plates 12, 13, and the like as shown in FIG.

At this time, by employing the discharge portion as shown in Fig. 7, a composite fiber having a cross-sectional shape desired by the present invention can be obtained. Further details regarding the commercialization of such a known complex spinning device are well-known technologies, and thus detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted. In the composite fiber of the present invention, using the composite prevention device as shown in Fig. 6, the polyamide component is spun at 230 to 260 ° C., and the polyester-based component is spun at 260 to 300 ° C. to solidify with cooling air. Wind up at speed. In order to give mechanical properties to the unstretched yarn spun as described above, it is stretched at an appropriate draw ratio. It does not matter whether filament or staple is used for knitting and knitting.In the case of filament, the preheating method is preheated with a heating roller at 50 ~ 100 ℃, followed by stretching at 1.5 ~ 4.5 times according to molecular orientation, and then at 100 ~ 250 ℃ hotplate. Open and fix. In the case of staples, after stretching as in the case of filament, a crimping device such as a stuffing box is used to give a crimp of about 8 to 15 pieces / 25mm, and then heat treated at 80 to 130 ° C. for 30 to 60 minutes to obtain 30 ~ Cut to 150 mm.

The post-treated composite fiber of the present invention can be made into a woven or knitted fabric in the case of filaments, a nonwoven fabric in the case of staples, and used for the manufacture of suede-style artificial leather after finishing.

Next, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is described. However, the present invention is not limited only to the following examples.

Example 1

Polyethylene terephthalate having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.64 measured in 25 ° C. and o-chlorophenol as the internal component was used as nylon 6 having a relative viscosity of 26 at 25 ° C. and 96% sulfuric acid solution. As a second component), using a composite spinneret having a diameter of 0.23 mm at a spinning temperature of 290 DEG C to obtain a composite fiber of the present invention having a cross section as shown in FIG.

At this time, the hollow ratio of the obtained composite fiber was 3%, and A = 1 / 10R. The thus obtained composite fiber filament was wound at 1,300 m / min, and the undrawn yarn was stretched 3.1 times using a hot roller at 80 ° C. to obtain a filament of 65D / 20F.

This filament was burned at 2250 TPM using an ARCT combustor and heat-set at a temperature of 162 ° C.

After using the obtained twisted yarn as a weft yarn and weaving a pitch skin fabric using ordinary polyester 75D / 72F yarn as a warp yarn, the operability was examined, and the ratio of the bath was 7.7 g / l with alkali (NaOH) and a temperature of 100 ° C. After 30 minutes in the weight loss process to examine the split ratio and the results are shown in [Table 1].

Comparative Example 1

A composite fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the cross section of the composite fiber was shown in Fig. 4, and after reviewing the operability, the alkali reduction was performed to examine the split ratio. It is shown in the following [Table 1].

Comparative Example 2

A composite fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the cross section of the composite fiber was shown in FIG. 3, and after reviewing the operability, an alkali weight loss treatment was performed to examine the split ratio. It is shown in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1

Example 2 and Comparative Examples 3 to 5

Same as Example 1, except that the hollow ratio of the composite fiber and the A value, which is the shortest width between the apex portion of the wedge-shaped portion and the outer circumferential surface of the composite fiber, were set to the values shown in Table 2 below. The composite fiber was obtained, and after reviewing operability, alkali reduction was performed to examine the split ratio. The results are shown in the following [Table 2].

TABLE 2

Claims (2)

A fiber-forming polyamide and a fiber-forming polyester, wherein the first component is four or more wedges radially branched from the center of the cross section of the composite fiber, and the second component is the first component described above. In the composite fiber arranged alternately between the wedge-shaped portion of the structure and to surround the outer peripheral portion of the cross section of the composite fiber of the second component, the central portion of the cross section of the composite fiber has a hollow of 1 to 10% of the total cross section area. The composite fiber, characterized in that to satisfy the following formula. 1 / 20R <A <1 / 8R (Wherein R is the cross-sectional radius of the composite fiber and A is the shortest width between the apex of the wedge-shaped portion and the outer peripheral surface of the composite fiber). The composite fiber according to claim 1, wherein the fiber-forming polyamide is nylon 4, nylon 6, nylon 7, nylon 11, nylon 66 or nylon 610.