KR920019627A - 카드보오드 팰릿 저판용 폴리머 팰릿 지지대 - Google Patents
카드보오드 팰릿 저판용 폴리머 팰릿 지지대 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR920019627A KR920019627A KR1019910024848A KR910024848A KR920019627A KR 920019627 A KR920019627 A KR 920019627A KR 1019910024848 A KR1019910024848 A KR 1019910024848A KR 910024848 A KR910024848 A KR 910024848A KR 920019627 A KR920019627 A KR 920019627A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- pallet
- upper edge
- truncated cone
- cone
- polymer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D19/38—Details or accessories
- B65D19/40—Elements for spacing platforms from supporting surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
- B65D19/0006—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element
- B65D19/0008—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface
- B65D19/002—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element
- B65D19/0024—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
- B65D19/0028—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a discrete foot-like shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00019—Paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
- B65D2519/00069—Plastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00084—Materials for the non-integral separating spacer
- B65D2519/00104—Plastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00263—Overall construction of the pallet
- B65D2519/00273—Overall construction of the pallet made of more than one piece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00288—Overall construction of the load supporting surface made of one piece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
- B65D2519/00323—Overall construction of the base surface made of more than one piece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
- B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
- B65D2519/00338—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a discrete foot-like shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00368—Overall construction of the non-integral separating spacer
- B65D2519/00373—Overall construction of the non-integral separating spacer whereby at least one spacer is made of one piece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
- B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
- B65D2519/00567—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements mechanical connection, e.g. snap-fitted
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
- B65D2519/00572—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer with separate auxiliary element, e.g. screws, nails, bayonets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S108/00—Horizontally supported planar surfaces
- Y10S108/901—Synthetic plastic industrial platform, e.g. pallet
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
Abstract
내용 없음
Description
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제1도는 본 발명의 폴리머 팰릿 지지대의 사시도.
제2도는 본 발명의 폴리머 팰릿 지지대의 단면도.
제3도는 본 발명의 폴리머 팰릿 지지대의 평면도.
Claims (5)
- 팰릿을 형성하도록 카드보오드와 결합되는 다수의 지지대중의 하나로서, a) 그 둘레에 림을 포함하는 제1절두형 원추, b)상기 제1절두형 원추내측의 제2절두형 원추, 및 c) 상기 제1절두형 원추로 부터 외향으로 단부를 이루는 적어도 하나의 고정탭을 포함하는 지지대.
- a) 상부에지를 포함하는 제1절두형 원추, b) 상기 상부에지 하부에 위치하는 림, c) 상기 상부에지로 부터 외향으로 확장되는 다수의 고정탭, 및, d) 상기 제1원추의 내부에 역방향으로 위치하는 제2절두형 원추를 포함하는 폴리머 팰릿 지지대.
- a) 상부에지를 포함하는 제1절두형 원추, 상기 상부에지 하부에 위치하는림, 상기 상부에지로 부터 외향으로 확장되는 다수의 고정탭, 및 상기 제1원추의 내부에 역방향으로 위치하는 제2절두형 원추를 포함하는 폴리머 팰릿 지지대, 및, b) 상기 폴리머 팰릿 지지대를 수납 및 고정하기 위하여 고정탭 슬롯을 구비한 홀을 포함하는 팰릿판을 포함하는 폴리머 팰릿 지지대 및 팰릿판의 결합체.
- a) 상부에지를 포함하는 제1절두형 원추, b) 상기 상부에지 하부에 위치하는 림, c) 상기 상부에지로 부터 외향으로 확장되는 다수의 고정탭, d) 상기 제1원추의 내부에 역방향으로 위치하는 제2절두형 원추 및 e) 상기 제1원추와 제2원추와의 사에서 확장되는 수직부재들을 포함하는 폴리머 팰릿 지지대.
- b) 상부에지를 포함하는 제1절두형 원추, 상기 상부 에지 하부에 위치하는 림, 상기 상부에지로 부터 외향으로 확장되는 다수의 고정탭, 및 상기 제1원추의 내부에 역방향으로 위치하는 제2절두형 원추 그리고 하부의 내측림을 포함하는 폴리머 팰릿 지지대, b) 상기 폴리머 팰릿 지지대를 수납 및 고정하기 위하여고정탭 슬롯을 구비한 홀을 포함하는 팰릿판, c) 팰릿 저판에 결합되어 상기 제2절두형 원추의 내측림과 원주상으로 마찰 결합되는(frictionally engaged) 결합수단을 포함하는 팰릿 지지대 삽입체를 포함하는 폴리머 팰릿 지지대, 팰릿판, 팰릿 저판 및 팰릿 지지대 삽입체의 결합체.※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/691,449 | 1991-04-25 | ||
US07/691,449 US5193464A (en) | 1991-04-25 | 1991-04-25 | Polymer pallet leg for a cardboard pallet base |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR920019627A true KR920019627A (ko) | 1992-11-19 |
Family
ID=24776577
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019910024848A KR920019627A (ko) | 1991-04-25 | 1991-12-28 | 카드보오드 팰릿 저판용 폴리머 팰릿 지지대 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5193464A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR920019627A (ko) |
CS (1) | CS124192A3 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5579686A (en) * | 1988-08-09 | 1996-12-03 | Nucon Corporation | Plastic pallet assembly |
JPH06506895A (ja) * | 1991-10-22 | 1994-08-04 | オーエーツェーオー−チーム・ウンターネーメンスーウント・ウム ベルトベラツンク・ゲーエムベーハー | 搬送・保管システムと支持装置及び積載装置 |
US5666886A (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1997-09-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Pallett assembly |
NZ264198A (en) * | 1994-08-08 | 1998-05-27 | Patrick Dennis Baker | Stackable pallet comprises a platform formed from sheets of fluted plastics material and stackable feet orientated in relation to the platform |
USD379021S (en) * | 1994-12-19 | 1997-04-29 | Wies Jack E | Pallet with deck support |
ES2120834B1 (es) * | 1995-01-11 | 1999-04-01 | Casanovas Jaime Teixidor | Plataforma de carga y transporte de mercancias. |
ES2120343B1 (es) * | 1995-05-10 | 1999-05-01 | Casanovas Jaime Teixidor | Mejoras en la patente principal, n 9500893, por plataforma de carga con pies desmontables. |
US5603266A (en) * | 1995-11-24 | 1997-02-18 | Palletronix Corporation | Modular pallets and components therefor |
US5730067A (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 1998-03-24 | Kohlhaas; Frank Anthony | Nestable pallet assembly |
US5745973A (en) * | 1997-01-09 | 1998-05-05 | Kohlhaas; Frank Anthony | Pallet assembly |
USD425214S (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 2000-05-16 | Speck John W | Molded block |
US20070277706A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-06 | Carter Bruce R | Load bearing structure with inserts |
US20080060561A1 (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2008-03-13 | Randy Carrasco | Modular pallet |
TWM336916U (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2008-07-21 | Ming-Ho Shea | Pallet and pallet suport thereof |
KR200462032Y1 (ko) | 2010-08-10 | 2012-08-22 | 조명환 | 파레트 다리 및 그것을 포함하는 파레트 |
US9359109B1 (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2016-06-07 | Palets.com LLC | Pallet support block and a pallet constructed with pallet support blocks |
US9745097B2 (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2017-08-29 | Pallets.Com Llc | Pallet support block and a pallet constructed with pallet support blocks |
US10589897B1 (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2020-03-17 | Paxxal Inc. | Roto molded pallet |
EP3599184A1 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-29 | Paxxal Inc. | Roto molded pallet |
US11440701B2 (en) | 2018-07-25 | 2022-09-13 | Paxxal Inc. | Structural block assembly |
FR3099440B1 (fr) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-09-24 | Faurecia Automotive Ind | Pièce de fixation comprenant une structure fibreuse de fixation, ensemble et procédé associés |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3401908A (en) * | 1966-12-14 | 1968-09-17 | Illinois Tool Works | One-piece plastic foot device |
US3438342A (en) * | 1967-04-18 | 1969-04-15 | Woodstream Corp | Material-handling pallet and improved pallet leg or support and load-distributing attachment therefor |
US3590751A (en) * | 1967-12-15 | 1971-07-06 | Atlas Pallet Corp | Structure |
US3664272A (en) * | 1970-06-10 | 1972-05-23 | Skid Stack Corp | Stackable pallet constructions |
US3685463A (en) * | 1971-01-18 | 1972-08-22 | Packaging Specialties Inc | Pallet |
US3915099A (en) * | 1972-10-02 | 1975-10-28 | Wonder Ind Inc | Support column and disposable pallet structure |
US3804032A (en) * | 1972-10-02 | 1974-04-16 | L Baucom | Pallet and pallet leg |
US4267781A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1981-05-19 | Powers Richard J | Pallet and post construction therefor |
-
1991
- 1991-04-25 US US07/691,449 patent/US5193464A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-12-28 KR KR1019910024848A patent/KR920019627A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1992
- 1992-04-23 CS CS921241A patent/CS124192A3/cs unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5193464A (en) | 1993-03-16 |
CS124192A3 (en) | 1992-11-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR920019627A (ko) | 카드보오드 팰릿 저판용 폴리머 팰릿 지지대 | |
KR880005614A (ko) | 디스크 패키지 | |
KR860007132A (ko) | 음료통의 상부 설치물 | |
KR870000139A (ko) | 스크류 드라이버용 절첩조립식 선반 | |
DE3868427D1 (de) | Eimer und deckel aus kunststoff. | |
KR830005034A (ko) | 개선된 트위스트-록 콘테이너 | |
RU93056858A (ru) | Емкость из пластмассы | |
KR930701329A (ko) | 물품 운반구 | |
GB2035277A (en) | Plastics closure and container | |
MX9307035A (es) | Tarima de papel. | |
KR980001734A (ko) | 용기 캐리어 | |
KR860001580A (ko) | 조 리 용 기 | |
US4235389A (en) | Paper tower holder and the like | |
US4099664A (en) | Bottom securement device for polygonal carton with bottom reinforcing ribs | |
US5722540A (en) | Can stacking method and apparatus | |
KR920005127A (ko) | 허브 슬리브에 감겨 형성되는 자기 테이프의 패킹용 다중팩 | |
US2527478A (en) | Bottle carrier | |
US6520707B1 (en) | Can clip device with toy construction set engagement elements | |
US4416371A (en) | Garment container | |
KR950702003A (ko) | 포스트지지대(post support) | |
RU199009U1 (ru) | Держатель для бутылок | |
EP0085559A2 (en) | Packaging containers | |
KR850007780A (ko) | 조절 가능한 거드(girth)가 있는 운반용구 | |
KR960031821A (ko) | 물품 유지구 | |
KR890700111A (ko) | 폐수의 산소처리에 사용되는 탱크용의 고발생공기 디퓨저 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WITN | Application deemed withdrawn, e.g. because no request for examination was filed or no examination fee was paid |