KR920008794B1 - Centering and chucking apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Centering and Chucking Device

1 is a perspective view of the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG.

3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of FIG.

4 is a perspective view showing an operating state of the centering element.

5 is a simplified view showing another example of the carrier body guide surface of the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings

13 carrier body 14 compatible elements

21: chucking element 22: wedge gear

30: centering element 40: adjusting device

The present invention relates to a centering and chucking device that can operate accurately regardless of fluctuations in temperature and partial expansion of ash components. In machine tool work, there is a need to precisely secure the inter Changable element to the carrier body.

For example, the compatible spindle head (or other instrument head) must be positioned very accurately in the frame or machine tool carriage in order for the spindle to be in position and the instrument to be transported correctly to the machine-specified position. The instrument or instrument head (such as a spindle head) that supports the instrument must be raised on the designated position and alignment line, and so must the workpiece. In order for the workpiece to be picked up by the pellet and transferred to the machine tool, the pellet must be correctly positioned on the machine tool and the correct machining must be performed at the correct machining position.

Known centering and chucking devices are capable of precise positioning of the compatible element relative to the carrier body in the main axis of the carrier body and the compatible element. However, problems can arise when plant machinery is exposed to different temperatures.

Centering conditions differ between machine tools running in the morning at cold plants and during daytime temperatures. In other words, the machining of the compatible spindle head can no longer be carried out at the same position as the first one indicated in the machining sequence.

In order to change the length of the compatible part by free heat phenomenon, only one side of the compatible part (round bold) is connected to the carrier body in the form of a fixed bearing and the loose bearing type (as Sword Bold) can be displaced. Designing is already known. The only point of the compatible element which remains unchanged with respect to the carrier body in this case is the fixed bearing seat.

Since the fixed bearing cannot be placed on the main shaft (where the spindle head is located), the main shaft (eg spindle axis) is always positioned between the fixed bearing in view of the change in the thermal conditions of the positions of the principal elements of two related elements.

According to U.S. Patent No. 34 384 811 there is a milling machine made of mechanical powder with a compatible spindle head and four fixing members with flaws for aligning the projections located on the back of the spindle head at each end of the fan. The holding member of the machine body is usually adjusted by adjustment of the adjusting device intersecting on the spindle axis.

The holding member is displaced along the inclined surface so that the mounting angle of the milling tool can be changed as the movement of the holding member is adjusted. Without the correct alignment of the compatible elements with respect to the carrier body, no stable guide face appears on the carrier body. The cell that solves this problem is not only displaced with each other in the above-described main axis of the two elements or the degree of temperature change of one element, but the interconnection of the two main axes is not only very accurate but also remains intact even when the working situation changes. It is an object of the present invention to provide a turing and chucking device.

Each boundary and guide element according to the invention comprises a planar guide surface which allows the connected centering element to be conveyed well. Since the guide surface is adjusted along the adjusting device with its center on the main axis of the carrier body, the compatible element can be expanded and contracted in any direction without the final change of the main axis position.

According to the present invention, the first bearing centering the compatible enzyme on the carrier member is a loose bearing moving along the coordinates of the adjusting device, whereas the conventional device is fixed and centered laterally. Since the bearings are located at intervals associated with the two (simultaneous) main axes (axial center), spindles or other structural elements arranged along the two axes are not affected by the bearings or contact guide elements. The only floating point of the compatible element lies on the axis of the mentioned site but is not connected to the carrier member at that point and all bearings and contact surfaces are located at a distance from this point.

Therefore, it is clear that at any temperature there is an invariant point where the position does not change where it is not necessary to provide the necessary components for centering at that point (eg in the center of the spindle). An adjustable pressure element inclined outer surface for withdrawal from the carrier body operates above the compatible member centering element to press the centering element towards the guide surface. Thus, the joining point defined on the guide surface of the carrier body is achieved by the centering element of the carrier member. The centering elements are very precisely aligned and can be freely positioned anywhere in the coordinates of the adjusting device.

The centering method and the chucking method of the present invention allow the spindle head, other tools and the working head to be fixed to the machine tool or the pellets supporting the workpieces can be reliably placed on the carriage. In fact, for numerically controlled machines running on many axes, this method allows for highly accurate operation regardless of temperature fluctuations or local expansion of each component.

Excellence and improvements of the present invention are specifically stated in the details of the claims and will be described in detail as follows.

As shown in FIG. 1 there is a machine tool 10 having a frame 12 which is moved vertically on the machine bed 11. In front of the frame 12 is a carrier body 13 which is moved by a vertical guide jib 17. In the front of the carrier body 13, a compatible element 14 such as a spindle head having a T-shaped vertical guide groove 15 into which the chucking element of the carrier body enters, is fixed. The compatible element 14 moves vertically upward in the carrier body 13 and another element 14 is moved along the groove 15 from the top to the front of the carrier body 13. At this time, the chucking element of the carrier body 13 enters the vertical groove 15.

The rotary spindle 16 protrudes forward from the front of the compatible element 14. There is a transmission for the spindle 16 in the frame 12 (not shown in the figure). The transmission shaft 17 extends vertically inside the frame 12. It is also mated with a horizontal shaft extending through the carrier body 13 to engage the spindle 16 when coupling the compatible element 14 to the carrier body 13.

As shown in FIG. 3, the spindle traditional shaft extends along the main axis 19 to the carrier body 13. The major axis 20 of the compatible element 14 is the spindle axis. In the case of connecting the two elements 13 and 14 correctly, the two main shafts 19 and 20 are simultaneously generated. The carrier body 13 consists of four chucking elements each having a shaft 21a horizontally moved therein and a wider head 21b at the outer shaft end. This is ensured by the shape and size of the outer end of the head 21b that is coupled to the shaft 21a and the T-shaped groove 15.

3 shows the retraction device of the chucking element 21. The chucking method described above has a wedge device 22 having a function of entering the inclined slide 23 into the inclined transverse groove 24 of the shaft 21a and in the cylinder 26 which crosses to the shaft 21a. It is made of a slide that is fixed to the moving piston (25).

A spring 27 inserted into the cylinder 26 presses the piston 25 towards the shaft 21a (in relation to the compatible element 14) and the piston 25 is pressed in the retraction direction. For the action of the chucking element 21, the piston 25 receives the pressure in the opposite direction of the spring restoring force and the end of the piston 25, which has no pressure from the spring 27, must be pressed in the range of the line 28, whereby the compatible element 14 works. The chucking element 21 is pressurized at the carrier body 13. The tension is maintained even when the pressure is insufficient due to the spring 27.

As shown in FIG. 2, all four rectangular chucking elements 21 are adjusted simultaneously. The shaft 21a of each chucking element 21 protrudes between the gaps of the block 29 in front of the carrier body 13. The front face of each block has two machined protruding boundary outer surfaces which are in contact with the compatible element 14 which is held and held by the chucking element 21. The first boundary outer surface is located at one common vertical surface called the boundary surface in which the rear wall of the compatible element 14 contacts a total of eight corresponding boundary outer surfaces 30. Each of the three centering elements 32a, 32b, 32c, which protrudes from the white wall of the compatible element 14 and is secured thereto, comprises a bevel 33 and a planar outer surface 34 perpendicular to the interface 31. Doing. The boundary outer surface 34 is located parallel to the guide surface 35 of the guide elements 36, 37 on the front wall of the carrier body 13.

As shown in FIG. 2, the centering elements 32a, 32b and the horizontal guide surface 35 whose center is exactly in contact with the height of the horizontal axis 38 of the adjusting device located on the main shaft 19 or the spindle 16 are upper ends thereof. There is a common guide element 36 in the form of a horizontal beam.

On the other hand, the vertical guide outer surface 35 of the guide element 37 is located on the vertical axis 39 of the adjusting device 40. On each of the guide outer surfaces 35 there is one pin-shaped pressure element 41 protruding from the carrier body 13 in parallel with the main shaft 19. The pressure element 41 is formed with an inclined outer surface 42 which is aligned in parallel with the associated centering element inclined outer surface 33. When the compatible element 14 is placed on the carrier body 13, each centering element head enters a gap formed between the guide surface 35 and the inclined surface 42. The centering element 32 receives pressure against the guide outer surface 35 from the inclined outer surfaces 33 and 42 so that the pressure element 41 moves in the carrier body 13.

As shown in FIG. 2, the spacing between the pressure element 41 and the guide element 36 is centering elements 32a, 32b, in this case perpendicular to the horizontal boundary surface of the centering element on the horizontal guide outer surface 35. 34 is subjected to positive vertical pressure. On the other hand, the boundary outer surface of the centering element 32c is subjected to horizontal pressure against the vertical guide surface of the guide surface 37.

By means of this arrangement the spindles 19, 20 are aligned with each other and the three centering elements are arranged at intervals from the spindle 16. Each of the pin-shaped pressure elements 41 moves in the cylinder 44 of the carrier body 13 and is pressured in the range of line 47 and supported by the spring 45 to be pressured outwards (ie centering element). ) Is connected to the piston 43. The piston retracts backwards as the spring 45 is squeezed for centering the pressure in the line 46 range. The spring 45 allows the compatible element 14 to remain in position even in the absence of pressure. When centering and chucking the compatible element 14 in the carrier body 13, the compatible element 14 with the groove 15 is moved vertically over the head of the chucking element 21.

Thereafter, the side centering is performed by moving two pressure elements which engage with the centering element 32c. Vertical centering is then achieved by frequently making the two pressure elements 41 engage with the centering elements 32a, 32c. By the simultaneous action between the main shafts 19, 20, the four chucking elements 21 are retracted into the carrier body so that the compatible elements 14 are chucked and fixed to the carrier body 13. When the fixing device is released by a mistake in the switch operation, the compatible element 14 is coupled to the mold groove 15 so that it does not fall because it stays on the centering elements 32a and 32b and the guide outer surface. Even when there is a change in length in the compatible element 14 related to the carrier body 13 due to the partial temperature difference, the simultaneous action between the main shafts 19 and 20 is maintained. The position of the pistons 25 and 43 is controlled by hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, which allows flow only when the piston is in a particular position. Therefore, feedback for detecting whether the chucking element 21 or the piston 43 is in the actual operating position is possible.

Moreover, it can be seen by the pressure sensor whether the compressed air discharge nozzle hole is located at the interfaces 30 and 35 to remove the deposit therein and that the element 14 is in the chucking position where the nozzle hole is closed. Finally, a roll is attached to the head 21b of the chucking element 21 to reduce friction loss and to eliminate wear at the interface 30 upon entry and retraction of the element 14.

FIG. 5 shows a summary arrangement of three guide surfaces 35 in front of the carrier body 13. The additionally drawn centering elements 32a, 32b, 32c are not attached to the carrier body 13 but attached to a compatible element (not shown). The arrow is the direction of operation of the combined pressure element. The two side centering points for the side centering are located far from the center of the adjusting device 40, and the lower centering point for horizontal centering is near. The lower centering point may be located next to or within the adjuster, depending on the construction.

Two horizontal centering points may be placed along the vertical axis 39 in place of one horizontal centering point.

Claims (8)

A plurality of chucking elements 21 provided on the carrier body 13 to breastfeed the compatible element 14, a plurality of boundary outer surfaces 30 provided on the carrier body 13 to support the compatible element 14, and The compatible element is provided in the compatible element 14 and interacts with guide elements 36 and 37 of the carrier body 12 to position the compatible element 14 in the interface 31 of the two parts perpendicular to each other. At the exact point consisting of the centering elements 32a, 32b and 32c such that the associated axis 20 of the 14 is coincident with the associated axis 19 of the carrier body 13, the compatible element 14 is replaced by the carrier body. In the centering and chucking device for fixing to (13), each guide element (36) (37) has an adjustment axis of the adjusting device (40) whose center coincides with the associated axis (19) of the carrier body (13). Arrayed and moved out of the carrier body 13 at right angles to the interface 31 with respect to each guide element 36, 37. Centering and chucking device, characterized in that it comprises a pressure element (41) which is executed to apply pressure toward the guide surface (35) via the inclined surface (33) on the 32a, 32b, 32c. 2. The centering element (32a) (32b) according to claim 1, characterized in that the two centering elements (32a) (32b) are arranged along one axis (38) of the adjusting device (40) and one centering element (36c) is arranged along the other axis (39). Centering and chucking device. 3. The chucking element (21) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the chucking element (21) is inclined flexibly in the chucking direction and has respective pressure promoting actuating means (22, 23, 25) to release the chucking condition. Centering and Chucking Device. 2. The pressure element (41) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure element (41) supported by the spring is compressed outward of the carrier body (13) and has corresponding actuating means (43, 46) for recovery of the pressure element (41). Centering and chucking device. Centering and chucking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the chucking element (21) and the pressure element (41) are controlled such that during the chucking operation, the pressure element (41) is first moved to the end and then the chucking element (21) is recovered. . 3. The pressure element (41) according to claim 2, wherein the pressure element (41) performs centering on one centering element (32c) in the centering operation and then on two centering elements (32a) (32b) arranged along one axis (38). Centering and chucking device, characterized in that controlled to be performed. 2. Centering and chucking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the four corners of the rectangle or four boundary surfaces (30) or boundary pairs are arranged. 2. The guide surface (35) according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide surface (35) provided along one axis (38) is located farther from the center of the adjuster (40) than the guide surface (35) extending along the other axis (39). Centering and chucking device.

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