KR920008550B1 - Powder discharge apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

[Name of invention]

Extinguishing powder release device and method and fire extinguisher using same

[Brief Description of Drawings]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following describes aspects and other features of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a form of the fire extinguisher prepared according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating the installation of a primer in a well of a bottle of the apparatus of FIG. 1. FIG.

3 is a schematic diagram of a battery operated electrical circuit suitable for operating the fire extinguisher of FIG.

4A is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the fire extinguisher with a primer positioned within the outlet port of the extinguishing powder container.

4B is a side view taken along line 4B-4B of FIG. 4A showing a scored disc and a primer forming a score line in the exit port of FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 4A of another embodiment using a gas generator mounted in a vessel and positioned to drive a cutting blade toward the cover disc in the powder outlet port.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 4A as another embodiment of a fire extinguisher wherein a knife and primer are mounted on the outside of the container and contact the cover plate to break the cover to open the outlet port.

7 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a fire extinguisher using a double disc cover of an outlet port where a gas generator is coupled to the space between the discs.

8 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a fire extinguisher in which the disc-shaped cover of the outlet port is supported by a frangible pedestal that is exploded to permit powder dispensing.

9A is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention that secures a closure membrame against the internal pressure of a powder container of a pivotable door.

FIG. 9B is a cross sectional view along line 9B-9B in FIG. 9A showing an extractor and release mechanism for pivoting the door open for release of powder.

10 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention wherein a primer using a shaped charge is located on a closed membrane in an outlet port in a container and has wires connected to a side connector to actuate the primer.

11 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a fire extinguisher in which a primer using a shape charge is aimed at the outer side of a closed disc of a powder container.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment similar to FIG. 10 with a primer mounted within an end of a tube that penetrates the container and includes a wire for the primer to actuate.

13 is a cross-sectional view of a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 12 in which a gas generator is used in the central tube instead of the primer.

Detailed description of the invention

[Background of invention]

The present invention relates to a rapid uniform discharge device and method of fine powders for use in various situations where rapid application of fine powders as well as extinguishing fires and fire extinguishers using the same. In particular, the present invention provides that powder is pressurized in a compartment or bottle and is also mixed with a compressed propellant fluid, such as an inert gas, such that the powder and the propellant fluid are broken up of the diaphram of the compartment. The present invention relates to a device and a method for discharging a powder comprising a fire extinguishing powder which can be released quickly according to the present invention and to a fire extinguisher using the same.

The release of powdered materials is used in a wide variety of situations, from extinguishing fires to spraying pesticides such as pesticides on farms. In the case of a hand-held fire extinguisher filled with a powdered fire suppressant, the powder is ejected in a steady stream under pressure by a gaseous propellant. However, there are situations where all powders have to be released almost instantaneously, for example within a few milliseconds, such situations occur in the event of firefighting by aircraft. This problem arises from the need for the sudden release of powdered fire-repellant materials in the suppression of aircraft fires. Typically, fire fighting equipment installed on an aircraft must be automatically activated in response to explosive fires. As is well known, the detector operates through an electrical circuit to explode a detonator or squib that explodes explosively from the container of powder throughout the area of the aircraft protected by the fire fighting equipment. .

Powdered fire-suppressant material is most effective when the material is sprayed with fine powder throughout the fire zone. However, in the prior art, the explosive force of the flue tube cope with the inadequate results of densifying the powder and forming clumps of material that inhibit the powder's effectiveness in extinguishing the fire.

Another consideration in the use of the fire protection system described above is that the structure of the facility is self-contained modules.

Conventionally, problems have arisen in that the electronic circuits used for the automatic operation of the fire extinguishing equipment of a passenger aircraft utilize the power supplied by the aircraft, which is typically used at 28 volts. The use of aircraft power requires the installation of electrical cabling, which results in the inconvenience of having to install such wiring in accordance with the instruction manual used in the manufacture and maintenance of the aircraft. Such cabling is disadvantageous in combat situations where debris from an explosion may cut the cable and eventually render the fire extinguishing facility ineffective.

[Summary of invention]

According to the present invention, the above-mentioned problems are overcome and also other advantages are provided by the powder release, in particular fire fighting apparatus, in which the powder and the pressurized propellant fluid are mixed together and joined in a container such as a cylindrical or spherical bottle. One end of the bottle is equipped with a diaphragm, which is engraved with a certain amount of score lines and broken along the score lines when excess pressure is created in the vessel. In the case of powdered materials, there is a relatively large space between the particles of the powder, which has the advantage that it can be used for the storage of pressurized propellant fluid, in particular propellant gas. In the use of extinguishing materials, such as aluminum oxide, for example, the density of powdered aluminum oxide is in the range of about 1/6 to 1/8 of the density of solid dense aluminum oxide. Therefore, in the aluminum oxide powder bottle, the effective volume of the propellant is about 7 times larger than the volume occupied by the powder.

An available space between the particles of the powder is used to store the fluid propellant. The theory of the present invention is that gaseous propellants, such as nitrogen, argon, helium and the like, because liquid propellants tend to exert a wetting action on the powder, producing a slurry of liquid and powder that forms agglomerates. Mainly applies to However, slurries of liquids and powders may be useful when used with gaseous propellants. The propellant is pressurized and the amount of nitrogen retained in the vessel by pressurization is greatly increased. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, gaseous propellants, such as nitrogen, are suitable because they have a significant amount of stored energy to aid in rapid release. Alternatively, gases such as helium may also be used because helium leak detection is easy to check for leaks in the container.

A particularly effective feature of the invention for extinguishing aircraft fires is provided by pressurization of the vessel. In the case of a vessel having a diaphragm that can be broken in response to a pressure difference between the internal vessel pressure and the pressure of the aircraft bay, the diaphragm may break if the bay pressure is reduced. Because of the need for early diaphragm strengthening, the primer pressure must be increased and thus excessive densification of the powder occurs. In the prior art devices, the pressure from the flue tube pushes the powder, which presses the diaphragm up to the rupture point, which causes a problem of densification. However, in the case of the present invention, the vessel is initially pressurized to a range of 28.12 to 42.18 kg / cm ₂ (400 to 600 psi). This pressure is much higher than atmospheric pressure (sea level air pressure) of about 1.5 kg / cm ₂ (15 psi). Therefore, even if the bay pressure is lost, the differential pressure in the diaphragm increases at a relatively small rate, so there is no risk of premature failure of the diaphragm in the device of the present invention.

In the structure of the present invention, the diaphragm is set to break at an overpressure of 7.03 kg / cm ₂ (100 psi). Therefore, when the initial pressurization is 35.15 kg / cm ₂ (500 psi), the diaphragm is set to break at 42,18 kg / cm ₂ (600 psi) and an additional 7.03 kg / cm ₂ (100 psi) Pressure is provided by the drawing width pipe. During operation of the apparatus, the internal pressure of the vessel is increased by only 20%, and this increase in pressure is small enough so that any agglomeration of powder can be avoided. Also, the draft tube is positioned to press the diaphragm directly to prevent compaction of the powder. This cannot be done in the prior art, since there is no propellant to push the powder outwards if the draft tube presses only the diaphragm. In the present invention, a pressure of 35,15 kg / cm ₂ (500 psi) can be used to push the powder outward. Thereby, the apparatus of the present invention can release the powder quickly and uniformly without agglomeration. In addition, the shearing force generated by a pressure of 35,15 kg / cm ₂ (500 psi) significantly assists in crushing small powder particles into a fine cloud, which is the most effective condition for fire suppression. .

According to another feature of the invention, the powder release device consists of an integrally complete module comprising a battery as the power source. As with the circuit described in US Pat. No. 3,931,521 to RJ Cinzori, the electrical circuitry suitable for operating the device in the aeronautical facility must be modified to operate at the relatively low voltage of the battery, and The reduced supply voltage has to be further modified by the inclusion of low-noise circuitry for more reliable operation of the detectors. This allows individual modules of the device to be tested and replaced from time to time as needed, without the need for interconnecting with the aircraft power source and without any risk of damage to the power supply cabling during combat.

In the above-described embodiment of the present invention, the relatively low excess pressure eventually results in a small amount of agglomeration because the force of the excess pressure tries to propel the extinguishing powder out of the vessel through the reduced diameter zone of the outlet or discharge port. Can only bring. Still further embodiments of the present invention described below can utilize the explosive release of a primer or gas generator to release the powder without the direction of the force of the excess pressure pointing in the direction of movement of the powder discharged through the outlet port. These embodiments prevent the agglomeration of the powder and facilitate uniform dispersion of the powder.

Detailed description of the invention

1 and 2 show a device for uniform release of powder by a fluid propellant. The device is ideally suited for use as a fire extinguisher and therefore is described as a fire extinguisher. However, the device is also suitable for providing fast and uniform release of powder for use other than for extinguishing.

The apparatus comprises a vessel 12, an electro-optic sensor 14 of radiation emitted by a fire, a gas generator 16, and a gas generator 16 which releases gas under pressure. It is shown as a fire extinguisher 10 consisting of a battery-powered electronic circuit 18 that reacts to the detection of radiation by the detector 14 to provide an electrical signal suitable for operation. The gas generator 16 is located in a well 20 formed in the wall of the vessel 12 and also extends inside the interior region of the vessel 12. Electrical connection of the gas generator 16 and the circuit 18 is made by wires 22. The gas generator 16 is secured in the well 20 by a housing 24 of the circuit 18, which housing is mounted on the well 20 to secure the vessel 12 by a set of bolts 26. It is fixed. Since the bolts 26 have sufficient strength to overcome the gas pressure of the gas generator 16, the well 20 breaks upon this increase in pressure towards the interior of the vessel 12. Alternatively, the gas generator 16 may be secured in the well 20 by a plug (not shown) that fits into the well by screws.

The port 28 is provided in the wall of the container 12 to fill the container with powder and also to sequentially release the powder and the propellant from the container 12. The powder material is shown as powder particles 30 in a uniform form. Typically, a propellant fluid, which is a gas such as nitrogen that is inert to the combustion process, is shown as particles 30. Typically, the propellant fluid, which is a gas such as nitrogen, which is inert to the combustion process, is mixed with the particles 30, which are shown in circles of constant shape. Alternatively, a separate port (not shown) may be provided for filling the container, which may be closed by a threaded plug.

Initially, the pot 28 is open and the powder is filled into the container through the open port 28. The powder may be an inert material such as aluminum oxide, or may be chemically active such as sodium bicarbonate or mono-ammonium phosphate. In order to completely fill the container with the powder, the container 12 must be vibrated when the powder is filled so that the powder is properly settled and the maximum filling in the container 12.

The container 12 is preferably completely filled with powder. The particles 30 have a diameter in the range of 1 to 3 μm. In the case of aluminum oxide, the density of the powder is about 0.5 g / cm ₃ , which is significantly lower than the density of solid aluminum oxide, which is 3.5 to 3.9 g / cm ₃ . Interstitial spaces between the particles 30 provide a suitable space for the molecules of the gaseous propellant.

The container 12 is fully filled with powder, and the port 28 is sealed with a diaphragm 34 welded around the port 28 as shown by a weld bead 36. Welding ensures the integrity of the vessel 12 to preserve the propellant gas under pressure in the vessel 12 for a long time. Score lines 38 are formed in the diaphragm 34 so that the fragments are fractured along the score lines 38 in the form of fracture in which the fragments do not deviate from the diaphragm 34 upon fracture of the diaphragm. Is generated.

After the diaphragm 34 is fixed by welding, the process of filling the vessel 12 with an appropriate amount of propellant may comprise a spring-loaded inlet gas valve, which can introduce propellant gas under pressure. Propelled by 40). As described above, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, nitrogen is used as the propellant. Thus, nitrogen is provided by tank 42, which is tanked by pump 44 connected to valve 40 by a high-pressure conduit 46, which may be in the form of a flexible hose. It is sent out outside (42). A quick disconnect 48 is secured to the end of the conduit 46 so as to separate the conduit 46 from the valve 40 when the filling process is complete. The gas pressure gauge 50 is also connected to the outlet of the pump 44 in the conduit 46 to adjust the propellant pressure in the vessel 12 while filling the vessel with the propellant. This filling can be done automatically or manually, and in either case the filling is measured by gauge 50 and thus ends when the desired pressure is obtained. When filling is complete, the quick disconnect 48 is removed from the valve 40. The valve 40 is self closing in response to the internal spring (not shown) in a well known manner and in response to the pressure of the propellant in the vessel 12. At the end of the filling process the propellant pressure in the vessel 12 is about 28.12 to 42.18 kg / cm ₂ (400 to 600 psi).

If the powder is filled into the vessel under atmospheric pressure rather than the atmosphere of the propellant, the vessel 12 needs to vent atmospheric air before pressurization. This can be done by connecting a vacuum pump to the position of the tank 42 prior to pressurization. By vacuuming in this way, only the powder 30 remains in the container because it is discharged by the vacuum pump of the atmosphere existing between the powder particles 30. Once the discharge of air is complete, nitrogen can be supplied as described above.

The diaphragm 34 is designed to break at a pressure about 7.03 kg / cm ₂ (100 psi) above the filling pressure of the propellant. The container 12 and the diaphragm 34 are suitably made of metal, such as stainless steel or aluminum. Therefore, if the propellant filling has a pressure of 35.15 kg / cm ₂ (500 psi), the diaphragm 34 is added to the filling pressure 35.15 kg / cm ₂ (500 psi) by adding an excess pressure of 7.03 kg / cm ₂ (100 psi). The design breakdown pressure for the dragon is 42.18 kg / cm ₂ (600 psi). In this case, the overpressure of 7.03 kg / cm ₂ (100 psi) is 20% of the filling pressure of 35.15 kg / cm ₂ (500 psi). Typically, the excess pressure of the diaphragm should be designed to less than 30% of the filling pressure. Thus, the excess pressure generated by the gas generator 16 is not significantly higher than the filling pressure so that severe compaction of the powder and the resulting powder clumping does not occur.

Avoiding agglomeration of powders is important to keep each particle of the powder in a fine size. This allows for uniform release of the powder when the powder is released by the propellant during the release of the fire extinguisher 10. In addition, the direction in which the gas generated from the gas generator 16 enters the vessel 12 from the well 20 is aimed more toward the diaphragm than in the powder. As shown in FIG. 1 in which the gas generator 16 and the diaphragm 34 are on opposite sides of the vessel 12, the gas discharged from the well 20 is transferred to the vessel 12 to avoid densification of the powder. Will flow towards the wall of the vessel 12 to cause a swirling action inside. In addition, the gas generator 16 and the well 20 may be positioned directly above the diaphragm 34, resulting in the same results.

In operation, upon detection of radiation by the detector 14, the electrical circuit 18 operates the gas generator 16 to generate sufficient excess pressure in the vessel 12 to destroy the diaphragm 34. Let's do it. Accordingly, the propellant and powder are ejected from the container 12 powerfully and quickly to fill the space where the fire occurred. As an example of a typical installation of fire extinguisher 10, fire extinguisher 10 is located in an aircraft dry bay. Thus, the release of dry bay powder and propellant greatly inhibits the progress of the fire and extinguishes the fire.

A special factor in the use of the fire extinguisher 10 to provide good uniform release is the operation of the gas generator 16 such that the molecules of the propellant gas permeate between the particles of the powder to provide a uniform mixture without densification of the powder. It is to pressurize the container 12 incorporating a propellant at a relatively slow rate relatively slow compared with. During operation of the gas generator 16, the pressure in the vessel 12 rises at a much faster rate than the pressure rise during filling idle. In particular, such a rate of pressure increase may easily densify the powder without the fact that the maximum excess pressure is only a relatively small portion within the range of about 20-30% of the filling pressure. Thereby, no densification of the powder occurs during explosion and release. This mechanism is aided by the vortex action generated by arranging the aiming point of the gas generator away from the center of the vessel 12.

FIG. 3 shows the components of the circuits 18 of FIGS. 1 and 2, wherein the circuit 18 is at a relatively low voltage of 2 volts which is conveniently supplied by the battery 52, in accordance with features of the present invention. This enables the modular construction of the fire extinguisher 10 without the need to connect the power cable to a remote power source.

The circuit of FIG. 3 is a variation of what is described in the above-mentioned U.S. Patent No. 3,931,521, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The radiation detector described in this patent consists of a short wavelength channel and a long wavelength channel. Thus, the detector (Fig. 1, 14) is a photon of a longer wavelength radiation, ie a heat detector 54, such as a thermopile or thermistor for detecting heat, and a shorter wavelength radiation. It is understood that it consists of a light detector 56, such as a photovoltaic diode for detecting the light source.

The circuit 18 uses portions that actually require less current than the circuit described in the above patents in order to prolong the life of the circuit without having to replace the battery. Preferably, the battery 52 is a lithium battery having an electromotive force of 2.4 volts and a capacity of 2.3 ampere-hours. The signals produced by the detectors 54, 56 are amplified and applied to the input terminal of the NOR gate 58, which is a multivibrator 60 and a driver. A command signal is output through 62 to operate the gas generator 16 via the wires 22. NOR gate 58 provides a logic function to activate gas generator 16 when fire heat and light radiation are detected. The multivibrator 60 is preset to generate an electrical pulse of sufficient duration to operate the gas generator 16, and the driver 62 is of sufficient level to operate the generator 16. Amplify the power of the pulse.

The aforementioned amplification of the signals of the detectors 54, 56 operates at the low voltage of the cell 52 and operational amplifiers that require very little current to allow the cell 52 to be used for three to four years. Is accomplished by. Such amplifiers 64 and 66 are shown in FIG. 3, and the amplifiers 64 and 66 serve to amplify the signal of the heat detector 54, and the amplifying transistors 80 and 82 are used as photodetectors. Amplify the signal of 56). Since the NOR gate 58 includes a threshold circuit, the signals from the amplifier 66 and the transistor 82 may reach this threshold amount before the NOR gate recognizes the input signal as logic " 0 ". By each bias point (which is 1.2V above ground for 2.4V cell operation). The amplifiers 64 and 66 are preferably composed of operational amplifiers. Suitable amplifiers for amplifiers 64 and 66 are part numbers 09-22, manufactured by Precision Monolithics, which are input resistors (not shown) on wires 172,174. By selecting appropriately, 10 Hz is withdrawn.

It is advantageous to connect amplifier 64 to heat detector 54 via a preamplifier 72 having low noise and low current characteristics. A suitable preamplifier is part number Haiti-139 (IT-139), manufactured and manufactured by Intersil, which draws 10 ohms when properly biased through resistor 108. Preamplifier 72 consists of two transistors 74 and 76 having emitter terminals connected together to form a differential amplifier configuraion.

Power for the amplifiers 64, 66, and the preamplifier 72 are coupled from the cell 52 through a filter consisting of a resistor 84 and a capacitor 86, the output voltage of the filter. Appears on the lead 88.

Power from the battery 52 for the amplifiers 80, 82 and the NOR gate 58 is provided by a filter consisting of a resistor 90 and a capacitor 92, the output voltage of which is connected to the lead 94 Appears on the screen. Resistor 84 is connected in series between cell 52 and lead 88, and capacitor 86 is coupled between lead 88 and ground. Similarly, resistor 90 is coupled between the terminal of cell 52 and lead 94, and capacitor 92 is coupled between lead 94 and ground. Capacitors 86 and 92 provide passages for signal flow between the power line and ground, and each filter blocks the signals of the two detectors 54 and 56 and also noise from external sources. This pick up and prevent crosstalk between the two circuits.

The circuit 18 also consists of resistors 96, 98, 104, 106, 108 associated with the operation of the battery amplifier 72. Resistor 106 connects the terminal of heat detector 54 to the base terminal of transistor 74. Resistor 104 coordinates the coupling of resistor 106 and detector 54 for offset nulling due to bias current. Likewise, the junction of resistors 102 and 104 is connected to the base terminal of transistor 76 to provide a feedback path from transistor 76 to amplifier 64. Resistor 108 is connected between the junction of the two emitter terminals of transistors 74 and 76 and ground to provide differential bias control. Resistors 98 and 96 are connected as load resistors between lead 88 and respective collectors of transistors 74 and 76. Output signals of the preamplifier 72 are provided at the collector terminals of the transistors 74 and 76 and are coupled to the input terminals of the amplifier 64 through the resistors 110 and 112.

A reference voltage is provided on line 114 by a reference voltage circuit consisting of resistor 116 and a bandgap reference 118 connected in series between the terminal of battery 52 and ground. Capacitor 120 is connected in parallel with reference 118. The reference voltage for line 114 appears across the reference 118. Reference 118 provides a 1.2 volt reference voltage and the appropriate diode is part number LM 185 manufactured by National Semiconductor, and the diode is properly biased through resistor 116. Withdraw 10㎂. The feedback path of resistor 104 is connected to reference voltage lead 114. Also, the reference voltage lead 114 is connected to the terminal of the heat detector 54. Representative values for resistors coupled to preamplifier 72 are resistors 96,98 each 120,000 mW (ohms), resistors 110 and 112 each 200 mW, and resistor 108 is 80 mW. .

The output signal of the amplifier 64 is obtained through two series connected resistors 122 and 124 with the aid of a diode 126 connected between the lead 114 and the junction of the resistors 122 and 124. Resistor 122 and diode 126 have a negative voltage on the output signal of amplifier 64 to prevent false trggering of generator 16 due to a background rediation incident on detector 54. Form a clamp (negative voltageclamp).

The amplifier 66 has a feedback path composed of a capacitor 128 and a resistor 130 connected in parallel with the capacitor 128 between an output terminal and a negative input terminal of the amplifier 66. A series connection of resistors 132 and 134 having parallel series capacitors, ie capacitors 136 and 138, respectively, is connected between the resistor 124 and the negative input stage of the amplifier 66. In addition, the series connection of resistors 140 and 142 is connected between the negative input terminal of the amplifier 66 and the lead 114, and the junction of the resistors 140 and 142 is connected to the positive input terminal of the amplifier 66. Capacitor 144 is connected in parallel with resistor 142. Capacitors 136, 138 and 144 cooperate with corresponding resistors 132, 134 and 142 to provide a high-pass filter function, while feedback capacitor 128 cooperates with feedback resistor 136 to provide a low-pass filter function. Provide a pass filter function. The combination of the two filter functions provides adequate band characteristics to the amplifier 66 to identify spectral components of the pulsations in the thermal radiation to confirm the occurrence of a fire.

Diode 56 is operated in photoconductive mode to convert photon energy of optical rediation from a fire into a current, which current flows through resistor 146. Incremental changes in voltage drop at both terminals of resistor 146 are coupled to base terminal of transistor 80 via capacitor 148. Transistor 80 and output NPN transistor 82 are cascaded as shown to provide the necessary amplification for the photodiode signal, which is NOR through line 162 when amplified. Coupled to the other input of gate 58. Transistors 80 and 82 are connected to the necessary and conventional bias, feedback and current limiting resistors 162, 152, 154, 150 and 160 so that the transistors 80 and 82 are non-conductive when there is no input signal from the diode 56. Bias to -conduction). Resistor 146 is adjustable to change the overall sensitivity of such a detector 56. The gain of the amplifier transistors 80, 82 is controlled by the values of the resistors 154, 158. The DC supply voltage for the amplifier transistors 80 and 82 is connected to terminal 94 to provide the necessary operating power for the amplifier stage, and the filter capacitor 156 decoupes the bias supply from the circuit. are connected across the resistor 160 for purposes of ling). By appropriately selecting resistors 160, 150, 152 and 146, amplifier transistors 80 and 82 can be fabricated to operate with less than 10 microseconds from cell 52.

Each amplifier 66,82 provides a negative-going voltage in response to the signals output by the respective detectors 54,56, and when a combination of the two low voltage output signals occurs, The multivibrator 60 is triggered by the NOR gate 58.

When there are no signals output by the detectors 54 and 56, a relatively high voltage is output by the amplifiers 66 and 68. Using conventional components, the NOR gate 58 has 74HCOZ with 74HC14 Schmitt triggers on the inputs to achieve a threshold circuit effect and also to prevent oscillation while slowly changing the input. A NOR gate can be used (two series Schmitt triggers are needed since the 74HC14 is an converting gate). If more precise control of the threshold circuit is required, the OP-22 amplifier can be used with a low voltage germanium diode connected from the lines 172,174 to the negative input and a precision threshold circuit with some positive feedback set at both inputs. . Thereby, the logic function described by the NOR gate 58 can be achieved with a circuit that can be operated with a relatively low voltage of the cell 52 with a minimal current drain.

If desired, additional circuitry (not shown) for testing the detector 14 may be connected. Such additional circuitry includes a switch for connecting an external power source instead of the battery 52, and a light emitting diode for operating the two detectors 54,56 in test mode. LEDs). In order to prevent the output drive of the driver 62 from operating the gas generator 16 during the test, an optical coupler, such as the part number SPX7270 manufactured by Honeywell, interferes with the normal operation of the circuit 18. Without, it can be used to clamp the signal of driver 62. A second such optical combiner can be used to couple the output drive signal to an external test facility to monitor the results of the test.

This test may also include a test of the pressure in the vessel 12 by including a pressure gauge that delivers an electrical signal indicative of the amount of pressure. Such a signal can be temperature corrected by the use of a resistive circuit using a resistor whose electrical resistance changes with temperature. Appropriate connectors (not shown) may be loaded onto the fire extinguisher to facilitate electrical connection of the remote test facility during testing.

The foregoing descriptions of the circuit 18 and test method may also apply to the use of fire extinguishers in which the vessel holds a fire suppression liquid such as Halon, which is subject to the destruction of the diaphragm. Rapidly turning into gas;

The foregoing description of the container for the fire suppression powder and the mechanism for releasing the powder may release the powder so that the agglomeration is reduced. However, there is an excess of pressure due to the explosion of the flue tube, which may cause some agglomeration, which acts in the powder to eject the powder through the outlet or discharge port. To overcome this problem, other embodiments of the invention are provided in which the release of the powder is obtained by the use of a primer or gas generator which does not produce an overpressure which generates a force in the direction of the powder velocity during the release. do. Such embodiments of the present invention prevent the powder from agglomerating during the release of the powder.

4A-13 show partially formalized, cross-sections of other embodiments of fire extinguishers in conjunction with the present invention, which open the release port of the containment vessel for powder extinguishing and the containment vessel for powder release. It relates to the shapes of the devices for. The electrical circuit suitable for operating the discharge device is the same as that shown in FIG. In the following optional embodiments, the basic physical structures of the fire extinguishers are similar to those described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2, so the embodiments of FIGS. Only the description is simple.

4A and 4B illustrate a fire extinguisher 200 including a fire extinguishing powder and a container 202 for containing a subscribed gas for ejecting powder from the container 202. The vessel 202 is filled with powder and gas through a filling port 204 located on the side of the vessel 202. The vessel 202 is terminated in a neck 206 that forms a discharge port 208 that is closed by a disc 210 that is curved into a spherical segment. Since the disc 210 is lined along two intersecting lines 212 and 214, the disc 210 is easily broken for discharging the powder.

The rapid opening of the discharge port 208 for extinguishing the fire is achieved with the aid of a primer 216 disposed in the well 218 located in the support plug 220. The plug 220 is located in the neck 206 between the powder and the cover disc 210. The plug 220 may be formed with a score line on the lower surface 222 facing the disc 210 to be easily broken outward from the center of the container 202. Primer 216 is operated by an electrical circuit as shown in FIGS. 1 through 3, which is connected to primer 216 at connector 224.

In operation, as electrical signals are applied to the primer 216 via the connector 224, the primer 216 explodes to break the plug 220. The pressure of the gas in the vessel 202 is generally higher than the pressure of the external environment, as described above for the fire extinguishers of FIGS. When the plug 220 is broken, the gas and powder may be ejected through the discharge port 208 because the pressurized gas pushes the debris of the plus 220 toward the disc 210 to destroy the disc 210. The vanes 226, shown schematically, extend in a funnel-shaped shape from the rim 228 of the neck portion 206 to help uniform spreading of the digestive powder. In this embodiment of the present invention, the excess pressure generated by the explosion of the primer 216 is in the direction of the exit velocity of the powder to avoid agglomeration of the powder during release of the powder from the fire extinguisher 200. It is applied to the powder phase in a direction far from.

Other details of the structure are as follows. The vanes 226 may open at an angle of about 60 ° from the central axis of the neck portion 206. Disc 210 may be secured in circumferential slot 230, the perimeter of which is formed between inner section 232 and outer section 234 of neck portion 206. Two neck portions 232, 234 provide a disc 212 and a pressure tight seal, and the plug 220 simply supports the primer 216 in position relative to the powder and disc 210. As a result, the plug 220 does not need to provide a pressurized seal.

Another embodiment 200A of the fire extinguisher shown in FIG. 5 includes components similar to those shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. The vessel 202A of FIG. 5 deforms the vessel 202 of FIG. 4A to include a gas generator 236. Generator 236 is generally cylindrical and located along the central axis of fire extinguisher 200A, and also through the government of vessel 202A to receive electrical actuation signals from an activating circuit such as circuit 18 described above. Protruding connector 238. Gas and powder are held under pressure in vessel 202A as described in the foregoing embodiments of the present invention. The vessel 202A is terminated in the neck 206A forming an outlet port 208A for the release of gas and powder. The lid disc 210 is secured in the circumferential slot 230 of the neck 206A in the same manner as described above in FIG. 4 to provide a pressure resistant seal to retain gas and powder in the vessel 202A.

The structural feature of the embodiment of FIG. 5 is a blade assembly 240 consisting of four triangular blades 242 arranged symmetrically about a central axis of the fire extinguisher 200A to form a common point towards the center of the disc 210. It will include. In both the embodiments of FIGS. 4A and 5, the concave surface of the disc 210 faces the center of the container 202A. This facilitates the destruction of the disc 210 during the release of the powder by the pressure and primer of the gas in FIG. 4A and the advancement of the blades 242 in FIG. 5.

In FIG. 5, the gas generator 236 is contained within a cylindrical wall 244 that includes a piston 246 that forms part of the blade assembly 240. The piston 246 is located in the end portion of the cylindrical wall 244. A diaphragm shaped pressure seal 248 is located in the cylindrical wall 244 to prevent leakage of compressed gas in the vessel 202A through the blade assembly 240.

In operation, as electrical signals are transmitted to the connector 238, the gas generator 236 rapidly generates gas under pressure, such that the piston 246 and the blade 242 pass through the disk 210 and descend, Gas and powder may be released from the interior of the vessel 202A. The vanes 226 facilitate the uniform release of the powder. Uniform spraying of the powder, in addition to individually mounting the vanes 226 on the rim 228 of the neck portion 206A, also allows the positioning of some of the vanes 226 in the central portion of the discharge port 208. Are coordinated by. Supporting the vanes 226 in the central portion of the discharge port 208 is provided in both embodiments of FIGS. 4A and 5 with the aid of a rod (not shown) extending transverse to the neck portions 206, 206A. Can be achieved, and these rods have been removed within FIGS. 4A and 5 for clarity.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the cylindrical wall 224 has sufficient strength to prevent the gas generator 236 from breaking into the vessel 202A, so that the hydrostatic force acts in the direction of the outflow rate of the powder. The generation of hydrostatic foce is prevented. Therefore, the structure of FIG. 5 in which the gas generator 236 is contained within the cylindrical wall 224 prevents agglomeration of the powder during discharge from the retractor 202A.

FIG. 6 shares the features of the fire extinguisher shown in FIGS. 4A and 5 and extends from the vessel 202B to form an outlet port 208B for the release of gas and powder contained in the vessel 202B. Extinguisher 200B is shown including neck portion 206B. The container 202B has a shape substantially the same as the container 202 of FIG. 4A. The neck portion 206B has an end wall 250 in which the end wall 250 extends perpendicular to the central axis of the fire extinguisher 200B, and an end wall 250 extending perpendicular to the central axis of the fire extinguisher 200B. And a set of windows 252 uniformly positioned around the cylindrical wall of the neck portion 206B to maintain the release of the extinguishing powder circularly about the longitudinal axis of the extinguisher 200B. In the fire extinguisher 200B, the blade assembly 250 extending from the vertical extractor 256 from the end wall 250 is saturated.

Blade assembly 254 has four blade shapes as described for blade assembly 240 of FIG. 5 and is pointed toward the concave surface of disc 210. Disc 210 is secured in a pressure resistant manner to neck portion 206B in the same manner as described above for neck portion 206A in FIG. Electrical signals supplied from the actuating circuit, such as the circuit 18 described above, are coupled through the wire 258 to explode the extractor 256 so that the blade assembly 254 is fired against the disc 210. As a result, the blade assembly 254 destroys the disc 210 and thus gas and powder are released from the container 202B. The escape gas generated by the explosion of the extractor 256 produces no force which causes densification of the digested powder during the release of the powder from the vessel 202B.

In FIG. 7, the fire extinguisher 200C is formed of a vessel 202C extending into the neck portion 206, which is formed with a port 208C for the release of gas and powder contained in the vessel 202C. ). In a form similar to that shown in FIG. 6, the neck portion 206C includes a set of windows 252 arranged to release the powder in a circle about the central axis of the fire extinguisher 200C. The neck portion 206C is provided with an end wall 205A for axially releasing the powder through the window 252 and serves as a seat to accommodate the disc 210A during the ejection of the powder. The disc 210A differs from the structure of the disc 210 in that a circular score line (not shown) is molded in the disc 210A along a line in contact with the slot 230 in the neck portion 206C.

The fire extinguisher 200C includes another disc 260 fixed between the disc 210A and the powder at the base of the neck 206C. The vent 262 is shaped into a small hole in the lip at the base of the neck 206C, and the inside diameter of the vent 262 is typically small enough, typically less than 1 mm, to fill and pressurize the container 202C. The pressure of the gas contained in the vessel 200C is balanced on both sides of the disc 260. The diameter of the holes in the vent 262 is small enough to provide a time constant of at least several seconds for pressure equalization. Disc 210A is connected to neck portion 206C with an air-tight seal as described for the disc 210 in FIG. 4A.

The neck portion 206C extends radially outward from the base of the neck portion 206C and includes a housing 264 including a gas generator 266 spaced from the space between the discs 260 and 210A by the seal 268. ). A portion of the housing 264 is formed with a conduit 270 for guiding gas from the gas generator 266 into the space between the discs 260 and 210A during the release of the digestive powder from the vessel 202C. Seal 268 is located in conduit 270 and serves to maintain a constant pressure in vessel 202C by preventing gas from escaping into the region of generator 266. The seal 268 is similar in shape to the disc 210 but consists of a diaphragm or disc of smaller size. The gas generator 266 is excited by an electrical signal provided by an excitation circuit, such as the circuit 18 described above, connected by the connector 272 to the gas generator 266.

In operation, upon excitation of the generator 266, gas is generated to rupture the seal 268 under pressure so that the gas flows through the conduit 270 into the space between the two discs 210A, 260. do. The pressurized gas from generator 266 destroys disc 210A in the region of contact with the edge of slot 230, and then pressurized gas propels disc 210A down to end wall 250A. The end wall 250A has a concave surface which contacts the original plate 210A to accommodate the original plate 210A as the generator 266 moves.

Since the disc 260 has a relatively light weight structure compared to the disc 210A, it can be easily broken due to the loss of equilibrium of hydrostatic pressure on both sides of the disc 260. This loss of equilibrium occurs as the disc 210A moves toward the end wall 250A. For example, a typical gas pressure generated by generator 266 is 70.3 kg / cm ₂ (1000 psi). Also here, in cooperation with the internal pressure of the vessel 202C, the assisted structure of the inner lightweight disc 260C resists the pressure of the gas generator 266, thus separating the outer disc 210A from the base of the neck portion 206C. To facilitate.

The force exerted by the gas from the gas generator 266 is provided on the outside of the container 202C, whereby it does not press against the powder in the direction of the release rate, so there is no possibility of the powder agglomerating during release.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a fire extinguisher 200D having a container 202D extending into the neck portion 206D forming the discharge port 208D. The neck portion 206D has a window 252 and an end wall 250B that guide the release of the powder in a circle about the central axis of the fire extinguisher 200D. The discharge port 208D is closed by a thin film 274 secured by the support 276 to provide a pressure resistant seal that prevents leakage of gas and powder contained in the container 202D. The engagement surface between the outer periphery of the support 276 and the inner side of the base portion of the neck portion 206D extends on the outer side 278 so that the powder from the end wall 250D during the release of the powder from the container 202D can be removed. Facilitates movement of support 276 toward end wall 250B during ejection.

The support 276 is fixed in place against the force of the pressurized gas in the container 202D by the bursting post 280 seated on the end wall 250B. The post 280 is hollow and also contains a detonating compound 282 which is electrically activated by a signal from a movable circuit such as the circuit 18 described above. As the battery signal is applied to the explosive compound 282, the explosive compound is exploded and the post 280 is destroyed, so that the support 276 is extracted. Next, the support 276 is pushed toward the end wall 250B by the pressure of the gas in the container 202D. In addition, the gas pressure immediately ruptures the membrane 274 as the support force of the support 276 loses. Thus, the powder is discharged through the discharge port 208D and discharged circularly through the window 252. Also here, the structure of the fire extinguisher 200D prevents the explosive force from agglomerating the powder during discharge from the container 202D.

In FIG. 9A, the fire extinguisher 200E has a discharge port 208E closed by a trap door 284 pivoting about the pivot axis 286 and the tab 288 shown in FIG. 9B. The tab 288 is fixed by the pin 290. Both pivot 286 and pin 290 are secured in support ring 292 mounted to neck portion 294 of vessel 202E containing pressurized gas and extinguishing powder of fire extinguisher 200E. In addition, the ring 292 is connected to the pin, and also releases the pin 290 so that the door 284 can pivot open by releasing the pin 290 out of position in accordance with the electrical operation of the extractor 296. The extractor 296 is supported.

Membrane 298 is supported by plug 300 to provide a pressure resistant seal for the contents of vessel 202E. Plug 300 is slidably mounted in ring 292 and secured in place by door 284. As the door 300 is ejected by firing the extractor 296, the plug 300 is ejected from the container 202E by the force of the contained pressurized gas, and the force of the gas ruptures and releases the membrane 298. Open port 208E. Also here, the contents of the container 202E are mechanically blocked from the explosion of the extractor 296 so that any agglomeration of the extinguishing powder during the release of the powder can be prevented. During discharge, the powder is discharged in a direction parallel to the central axis of the fire extinguisher 200E.

FIG. 10 shows a fire extinguisher similar to that shown in FIG. 4A, except that the disc 210 is crushed by the use of a safety charge primer 302 supported by a rupturable support 304 such as a plastic screen. 200F) is shown. Primer 302 is applied, such as circuit 18, when an electrical actuation signal is applied through connector 306 mounted outside of vessel 202F containing digested powder and gas under pressure for fire extinguisher 200F. It is electrically operated by an external operating circuit. The connection between the connector 306 and the primer 302 is made by the conductor 308 passing through the container 202F. The hot gases released by the primer 302 in response to the explosion burn the disc 210, thereby destroying the disc 210 and allowing the contents of the container 202F to be released. Because of the safety charge, an explosion of the primer 302 is first directed towards the disc 210 and away from the center of the vessel 202F. The explosion is completed prior to the release of the contents of the container 202F, thereby preventing the powder from agglomerating during the release. During release, the force of release destroys the support 304 to release the crushed support 304, so that the support 304 does not interfere with the release of the powder.

The fire extinguisher 200G shown in FIG. 11 shows that the primer 302 is mounted on the outside of the disc 210 and is electrically excited through the wire 308 as in the case of FIG. 10. It is a modified example of the fire extinguisher 200F of FIG. The safety charge of the primer 302 is directed towards the disc 210 such that the disc is destroyed upon explosion of the primer 302. Also here, since the force of explosion is induced in the direction different from the direction of the powder velocity during the release, the agglomeration of the powder is prevented.

12 and 13, the fire extinguishers 200H and 200J are modified examples of the fire extinguisher shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, respectively. The embodiments of FIGS. 12 and 13 include an electrically operable explosive device for breaking the disc 210 instead of the primers 302 of FIGS. 10 and 11, respectively. Chambers 310 and 312 are mounted along the central axis of respective vessels 202H and 200J containing extinguishing powder and pressurized gas.

In FIG. 12, the bottom end of the compartment 310 secures a cap 314 containing the primer 316. The seal 318 is located on the outer side of the cap 314 and secured to the walls of the chamber 310 to prevent leakage of pressurized gas from the container 202H into the chamber 310. The electrical actuation of the primer causes the signals applied through the connector 320 located on the government of the vessel 201H and the chamber 310 to connect the connector 320 to the primer 316. Is achieved.

In FIG. 13, chamber 312 is closed at the lower end by a thin film seal 324 that prevents pressurized gas from leaking from chamber 202J into chamber 312. Chamber 312 contains a gas generating compound 326 that is activated by an electrical igniter 328 in response to the signals transmitted by lead 322 and connector 320.

In both Figures 12 and 13, the explosive forces generated in the chambers 310 and 312, respectively, are directed toward the disc 210, thereby breaking the disc to allow release of the contents of the containers 202H and 202J, respectively. The explosion of the gas generator in the chamber 312 of FIG. 13 occurs at a slower rate than the explosion associated with the primer in the chamber 310 of FIG. As a result, the 13-degree embodiment results in fewer other fragments in the crest of the disc 210.

Both the Figures 12 and 13 provide convenience in manufacturing. As the physical structure of the fire extinguisher 200H or 200J is completed, the fire extinguisher is filled with fire extinguishing powder, and the container 202H or 202J is sealed with the disc 210. The vanes are then assembled with the bottom of the neck and the vessel is pressurized to about 31,64 kg / cm ₂ (400 psi). Manufacturing is then completed by inserting the primer 310 into the chamber 310 or inserting the gas generating compounds 326 into the chamber 312. It is in the form of a well to accommodate explosives at any convenient time during such chamber fabrication.

For the various embodiments of the present invention, the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 provides an important advantage in the resistance to coalescence of fire extinguishing powder over fire extinguishers of similar construction in the prior art. As mentioned above, this advantage is provided by storing the powder in a pressurized gaseous environment in a pressure containment vessel. The static pressure in the vessel is large enough to require only a small increase in small pressure to open the discharge port. As noted above, this partial increase in pressure results in some powder agglomeration, which is generally smaller than that known in fire extinguishers of similar construction in the prior art.

Other embodiments of FIGS. 4 through 13 have more advantages than the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 as described below.

In the case of a fire extinguisher in which the combustion gas of the primer or gas generator is mixed with the powder and pressurized gas stored in the containment vessel, the powder extinguishing agent cools the combustion gas. This requires a significant increase in propellant charge to achieve the required release pressure. In a typical situation, for example, 6 g of black powder is used for 80 g of extinguishing agent to provide an explosion pressure of 25.31 kg / cm ₂ (360 psi). This, in turn, leads to an increase in combustion time, which requires several milliseconds to generate the required release pressure by combustion. Any further use of the propellant will increase the weight ratio of the propellant to the extinguishing agent weight.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 4-13, the physical phenomenon of the container opening device, such as a containment vessel, safety charge, blade assembly, lid door assembly, or double disc assembly, is sufficient to provide sufficient combustion gas and extinguishing materials for the containment vessel. Since the physical phenomenon of the cooling apparatus of the above-mentioned extinguishing powder is spaced apart enough, the cooling gas of the above-mentioned extinguishing powder is prevented since the combustion gas and the extinguishing materials of the containment vessel are sufficiently separated. Further, as described above, the setting of the location of the explosion near the discharge port but not in the containment vessel, and also the complete separation of the explosion from the containment vessel, is relatively small associated with the excess release pressure in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2. Prevents clumping

Other advantages include: Fire extinguisher design avoids excess weight. The powder is released from relatively small diameters that enable a safe closure to protect human life and equipment from accidental damage upon falling.

The design of the fire extinguisher provides fast and uniform spreading of the extinguishing agent because the gas powder mixture has fluid flow characteristics. Initially, the extinguishing agent is released at full speed and quickly moves to the range of compartments (such as compartments on a passenger plane) that are protected by the extinguisher. The gas pressure is gradually damped as the fire extinguisher is emptied, which ensures a uniform spreading. The small orifice in the discharge port allows the use of relatively small deflection vanes that result in the desired release shape suitable for the particular shape of the compartment to be protected. The release of the extinguishing materials only begins in a few thousandths of a second.

The fire extinguisher may also be mounted in any suitable form. The discharge time of the fire extinguisher is made by the shape of the discharge port in proportion to the total volume of the containment vessel. Narrowing the discharge port increases the discharge time, while releasing the discharge port decreases the discharge time. The mass flow rate is very high compared to the fire extinguishers of the prior art.

Various gases may be used as the compressed gas in the containment vessel. Inert gas is a fire suppressant. Helium is an easy-to-use gas because the seal of the fire extinguisher can be easily detected by a mass spectrometer.

The shape of the fire extinguisher enables the cover of the discharge port, such as a thin film, to be sufficiently secured to the neck of the vessel by a helpable disc or rigid plug to maintain the gas pressure for longer than 10 years. During the long retention time, the wall of the containment vessel and the structure of the discharge port must be strong enough to resist any creep or the like under the influence of long term pressure.

While the embodiments of the present invention have been shown above, it can be easily modified by those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments but only by what is defined in the appended claims.

Claims (42)

A container for storing powder and fluid propellant having a port for the release of extinguishing powder and propellant, a pressurizing device for increasing the pressure of the propellant in the container during the first time interval, and several times shorter than the first time interval. And a device for opening the port for releasing said extinguishing powder and said propellant for a second time interval, said opening device being located in said discharge port at a location outside said container. A gas inlet valve according to claim 1, wherein said propellant is a gas and said pressurization device comprises a gas inlet valve disposed in the wall of said vessel for the inlet of gas under pressure, said valve being in accordance with the completion of pressurization of the gas in said vessel. Closed to prevent leakage of the extinguishing powder, and the rate of increase in pressure of the propellant in the container during the pressurization is sufficiently slow to avoid agglomeration of the extinguishing powder. The fire extinguishing powder ejecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the port is made of a diaphragm, and the opening device uses explosive force to crush the diaphragm. 4. The gas generator of claim 3, wherein the opening device is a gas generator that generates an excess pressure that breaks the diaphragm, the excess pressure generated by the gas generator being generated by the pressurizing device to avoid agglomeration of the extinguishing powder. A fire extinguishing powder release device, characterized in that it is lower than the pressure. 3. The gas generator of claim 2, wherein the opening device is a gas generator that generates an excess pressure that opens the port, wherein the excess pressure generated by the gas generator is greater than the pressure generated by the pressurizing device to avoid agglomeration of the powder. Digestive powder release device, characterized in that the lower. A container for storing gaseous propellants and extinguishing powders mixed with powder under pressure that is several times higher than the pressure of the external environment of the vessel and having a port for ejecting the powder and the propellant, and for detecting radiation emitted by the fire. Operating a radiation detector, an apparatus on the vessel for opening the port, and opening the port to open the port to release the powder and the propellant from the vessel in response to detection of radiation by the detector. The propellant is mixed with the powder prior to opening of the port to discharge the powder in a uniform discharge state where the powder does not agglomerate. Wherein the extinguisher is located in the discharge port at an external location. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the port is comprised of a diaphragm, the opening device crushes the diaphragm to open the port, and the opening device uses explosive force to crush the diaphragm. Fire extinguisher. 8. The fire extinguisher according to claim 7, wherein said opening device is a gas generator operated by said electronic circuit. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the vessel comprises a well extending inwardly from the wall of the vessel into powder and propellant, wherein the gas generator is located in the well and initiation of operation of the gas generator is performed through the well. And extinguish the pressure to an excess pressure sufficient to communicate with the interior zone of the vessel to break the diaphragm. 10. The fire extinguisher of claim 9, wherein said excess pressure is less than 30% of the pressure applied to said propellant. 10. The fire extinguisher of claim 9, wherein said excess pressure is less than 20% of the pressure applied to said propellant. 12. The fire extinguisher according to claim 11, wherein the pressure applied to the propellant is 28.12 kg / cm ² (400 psi) or more. 11. The fire extinguisher according to claim 10, wherein the pressure applied to said propellant is at least 28.12 kg / cm ² (400 psi). 14. The fire extinguisher according to claim 13, wherein the pressure applied to the propellant is in the range of 28.12 to 42.18 kg / cm ² (400 to 600 psi). 15. The fire extinguisher according to claim 14, wherein said powder is aluminum oxide and said propellant is nitrogen. A method of releasing extinguishing powder material by means of a fluid propellant from a vessel having a port, the method comprising the steps of: Filling the vessel with a fluid propellant, opening the port to release the extinguishing powder material and the propellant in a uniform release state of the fine powder and increasing the propellant pressure to mix the propellant and the powder without the agglomeration of the powder And a step occurring over a sufficiently long time interval to ensure that the filling step comprises closing the port with a closing element, wherein the opening step causes the explosive force to be released from the container and from outside the container. Fracturing the closure element by facing towards the interior of the Extinguishing powder discharge method comprising the step of using the key to explosive. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of opening comprises pressurizing the vessel to an excess pressure within the range of about 20-30% of the propellant pressure, wherein the excess pressure opens the port. The method of claim 16, wherein the port consists of a diaphragm and the opening step comprises pressurizing the vessel to an excess pressure within the range of about 20-30% of the propellant pressure, wherein the excess pressure ruptures and releases the diaphragm. Digestion powder release method characterized in that it is sufficiently low compared to the propellant pressure in order to avoid agglomeration of powder in the air. A container for storing the extinguishing material and a fluid propellant under pressure, a device for opening the port for releasing the extinguishing material and the propellant, and a device mounted on the container A radiation detector and a battery operated electrical circuit responsive to said radiation detector for activating said opening device, wherein said opening device is located in said discharge port at a location outside said container. Movable Fire Extinguisher. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the extinguishing material is a powder, the powder and the propellant are released from the container upon opening of the port, and the propellant is mixed with the powder prior to opening the port so that the powder does not agglomerate. Fully automatic self-acting fire extinguisher characterized by discharging powder in a discharged state. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the detector comprises a heat detector and a light detector for detecting heat and light above predetermined thresholds, the electrical circuit including a low noise, low current, differential amplifier coupled to the heat detector, And the current consumed by the circuit of the radiation detector is sufficiently low to enable the battery for the electrical circuit for a period of time exceeding one year. 20. The device of claim 19, wherein the detector comprises a heat detector and the electrical circuit comprises a low noise, low current, differential amplifier coupled to the heat detector, wherein the current consumed by the differential amplifier is greater than one year. It is low enough to allow the use of the battery by the electrical circuit for a period of time, the electrical circuit being set to pass spectral components of the pulsations in thermal radiation to enable the electrical circuit to respond to the presence of a fire. Fully self-contained fire extinguisher, characterized in that consisting of a filter having a pass band. A container for storing the fluid propellant mixed with the extinguishing powder material and the powder material, having a port for the release of the extinguishing powder material and the fluid propellant, and remote radiation to open the port to release the extinguishing powder material and the propellant A device responsive to the actuation signal of the detector, the opening device consisting of a gas device for generating gas with an explosive force and shaped to limit the mixing of the gas and the propellant, the gas device being in the port A fully-equipped, self-operating fire extinguisher positioned apart from the container and preventing the extinguishing powder material from agglomerating during release of the extinguishing powder material and the fluid propellant. 24. The device of claim 23, wherein the port comprises a closure consisting of a helpable disc having a concave surface in contact with the container, wherein the gas device is a primer and the primer is disposed between the container and the disc in the opening device. And supported in a tearable support located on the cylindrical wall of the port, the cylindrical wall being formed by the neck portion of the container. 24. The device of claim 23, wherein the port comprises a closure consisting of a helpable disc having a concave surface in contact with the container, wherein the gas device is a primer and the opening device consists of a blade assembly coupled to the gas device. Wherein the blade assembly is positioned toward the disc and propelled toward the disc by the gas apparatus in accordance with the operation of the gas apparatus for crushing the disc to release the powder material and the propellant. Fully automatic fire extinguisher. 27. The unitary self-contained fire extinguisher of claim 25, wherein the gas device is mounted in a cylindrical cylinder disposed in the vessel. 27. The unitary complete type according to claim 26, wherein the port has a set of vanes disposed on the convex side of the disc for spreading of the powder material and the propellant during discharge of the powder material and the propellant. Automatically operated fire extinguisher. 27. The integrally complete automatic fire extinguisher of claim 25, wherein the gas device is mounted on a concave side of the disc facing the container. 29. The device of claim 28, wherein the port has a cylindrical housing having an end wall for supporting the gas device and the blade assembly, wherein the cylindrical walls of the cylindrical housing of the cylindrical housing release the powder material and the fluid propellant. And a window for sprinkling in a circular shape about the axis of the cylindrical housing of the port. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the port comprises a closure consisting of an inner disc and an outer disc, each having a similar assist shape, the outer disc being connected to the container in a pressure-sealed state, on both sides of the inner disc. A vent is provided for bypassing the inner disc to equilibrate the propellant pressure, and the opening device is composed of a housing for enclosing the gas device, the housing destroying the disc in accordance with the operation of the gas device. And a conduit for guiding the gas discharged by the gas device into the space between the inner disc and the outer disc, wherein the opening device includes the disc for storing the outer disc as the gas device moves. Powder released, consisting of a perforated chamber extending away from the vessel Propellant integral self-contained fire extinguisher automatically movable, characterized in that discharged from the hole of the chamber. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the port is comprised of a membrane extending across the neck region of the vessel and a rigid plug positioned within the neck region to support the membrane to prevent leakage of the powder material and the propellant. A perforated chamber comprising a closure, said opening device extending from said neck region spaced from said container, said perforated chamber comprising an end wall and surrounding said gas, said gas device being said end wall And a support positioned between the end wall and the plug to hold the plug against the pressure of the propellant, wherein the gas device destroys the support by the explosive force of the gas as the gas device operates. And the breakage of the posts causes the plug and the membrane to exit the neck section. Copper by integral self-contained fire extinguisher automatically movable, characterized in that to discharge the powder material and the propellant. 24. The membrane of claim 23, wherein the port extends across the neck region of the vessel, a plug supporting the membrane, a ring connected to the vessel and surrounding the plug, and pivotally connected to the ring. And a closure comprising a door configured to secure the plug to the closed position, wherein the opening device is comprised of a pin assembly fixed in the ring to engage the door, the gas device being adapted to move the pin in accordance with the operation of the gas device. Positioned within the pin assembly to drive away from engagement with the door to open the door, the door pivots away from the ring by releasing the pin assembly to release the plug, the plug and the membrane being It is propelled to the outside of the port by the pressure of the propellant according to the opening of the door. Fully equipped automatic fire extinguisher made with gong. 24. The device of claim 23, wherein the port comprises a closure consisting of a helpable disc having a concave surface in contact with the container, wherein the gas device is a primer and the opening device places the primer on the concave surface of the disc. And a device for supporting from outside of the container adjacent to the container, the primer comprising a device for directing an explosive gas into the disc to break the disc. 34. The self-contained fire extinguisher of claim 33, wherein the device for supporting the primer consists of a cylindrical well extending through the container. 24. The device of claim 23, wherein the port comprises a closure consisting of a helpable disc having a concave surface in contact with the container and located on the side of the port opposite the container, wherein the gas device is a primer and the opening means is adapted to the primer. A device positioned outside the container facing the concave surface of the disc for supporting, wherein the primer is adapted to direct the explosive force of the gas towards the disc to fracture the disc to enable release of the powder material and the propellant. Fully automatic self-acting fire extinguisher, characterized in that it comprises a device for. 24. The device of claim 23, wherein the port comprises a closure consisting of a helpable disc having a concave surface facing the container, wherein the gas device is a primer and the opening device extends through the container and opens the gas device. A cylindrical well enclosing, the well having a breakable seal at the end of the well facing the disc for releasing explosive gas towards the disc to break the disc as the gas device operates, And said powder material and said propellant are discharged from said container upon fracture of said disc. A port for discharging the extinguishing powder and having a container for pressurizing and storing the extinguishing powder and the fluid propellant, on the port for opening the port to release the powder and the propellant in a uniform discharge state without agglomeration of the powder and A radiation detector comprising means located outside the vessel, a heat detector and a light detector mounted on the container, and a battery operated electrical circuit mounted in the vessel and responsive to a signal from the radiation detector to activate the opening means; A filter having a set of pass bands through which the electrical circuit passes spectral components of the pulsation of thermal radiation such that the electrical circuit reacts to the presence of a fire, a low noise and low current differential amplifier coupled to a heat detector, and a differential amplifier An operational amplifier for coupling a filter to the differential amplifier and the operational amplifier; While the current generated by said detector over a year period, characterized in that any sufficiently low to enable the battery to the electrical circuit self-contained fire extinguisher. 38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the fire extinguisher comprises a battery for powering an electrical circuit, the operational amplifier comprises two input terminals, and the differential amplifier comprises a first collector terminal, a first base terminal, and a first base. A first transistor having an emitter terminal, a second transistor having a second collector terminal, a second base terminal, and a second emitter terminal connected to the first emitter terminal at an emitter contact with each other; An emitter resistor connecting the emitter contact to a first terminal of a connected battery, a first load resistor connecting the first collector terminal to a second terminal of the battery, and a second collector terminal connected to a second terminal of the battery And a second coupling resistor for coupling a second collector terminal to a second input terminal of the associative amplifier, wherein the electrical circuit includes an output of the second base terminal and the operational amplifier. Integrally it comprises a feedback path that mutually connects the self-contained fire extinguisher. 39. The battery of claim 38, wherein the battery provides a voltage having a normal value of 2.4 volts between the battery terminals, each load resistor has a normal resistance of 120,000 kohms, each coupling resistor has a normal resistance of 200,000 kohms, Wherein the terminating resistor has a normal resistance of 800,000 kΩ and the first and second transistors together generate 10 kΩ from the cell. 40. The operational amplifier of claim 39, wherein the heat detector is a thermopile and the fire extinguisher includes a first base resistor interconnecting the thermopile and the first base terminal, wherein the feedback passage comprises an output terminal and a second base terminal of the operational amplifier. And a second base resistor for interconnecting the second base resistor, and a third resistor for interconnecting the first battery terminal and the second base terminal, wherein the operational amplifier generates 10 kW from the battery. 38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the operational amplifier comprises two input terminals, the differential amplifier comprises a first transistor having a first collector terminal, a first base terminal, and a first emitter terminal, and a second collector terminal. And a second transistor including a second base terminal and a second emitter terminal connected to the first emitter terminal at an emitter contact point, and an emitter connecting the emitter contact to a first terminal of a battery connected to a heat detector. A first resistor that connects the first collector terminal to the second terminal of the battery, a second load resistor that connects the second collector terminal to the second terminal of the battery, and an input terminal of the operational amplifier. A first coupling resistor for connecting the first collector terminal to the first input terminal, and a second coupling resistor for connecting the second collector terminal to the second input terminal of the input terminals of the operational amplifier;A first base resistor for interconnecting the branch and the first base terminal, a second base resistor for interconnecting the output terminal of the operational amplifier and the second base terminal, and a first for interconnecting the first battery terminal and the second base terminal; An integrated fire extinguisher comprising a resistor and comprising a feedback passage connecting the second base terminal to the output terminal of the operational amplifier. A port for discharging the extinguishing powder and having a container for pressurizing and storing the extinguishing powder and the fluid propellant, on the port for opening the port to release the powder and the propellant in a uniform discharge state without agglomeration of the powder and A radiation detector comprising means located outside the vessel, a heat detector mounted on the container, and a battery operated electrical circuit mounted within the vessel and responsive to a signal from the radiation detector to activate the opening means, the electrical The circuit differentials up to 10㎂ each to allow the battery to power the electrical circuit, the differential amplifier connected to the heat detector, the operational amplifier to connect the differential amplifier to the filter, and the battery to be used in the electrical circuit for more than three years. Differential Amplifiers and Op Amplifications to Reduce Currents Generated by Amplifiers and Op Amps And any self-contained fire extinguisher comprising a mutual connection between the cells.

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