KR910010135B1 - Water-based hydraulic fluid - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Aqueous hydraulic fluid

The present invention relates to an improved high water hydraulic fluid which is particularly suitable for use in industrial hydraulic systems.

Fluid power transmission technology is well established and various incompressible fluids such as water and oil have been used as hydraulic fluids.

Petroleum has certain advantages over water as hydraulic fluid in that it reduces wear, inhibits rust formation of hydraulic components such as pumps, exhibits a higher viscosity than water and thus reduces fluid leakage.

Unfortunately, the main drawback of oil is its flammability. It is also sensitive to the intrusion of water into the hydraulic system where petroleum is used.

In addition, the disposal of waste oil from oily hydraulic fluids presents an ecological problem.

In recent years, many efforts have been made to provide aqueous hydraulic fluids with improved properties, such as improved anti-wear properties, for reasons of low cost. One suggestion is to incorporate extreme pressure additives, such as dithiophosphate, into the aqueous-hydraulic fluid together with the dispersant due to the substantial water insolubility of the extreme pressure (EP) additive. It has also been proposed to include various types of thickeners therein because of the substantially low viscosity of aqueous hydraulic fluids.

However, these various thickeners exhibit shear instability, resulting in a significant reduction in the viscosity of aqueous hydraulic fluids containing such thickeners.

In summary, the present invention is as follows.

The present invention relates to an oil-in-wate thickened, highly viscous, highly aqueous hydraulic fluid, and the term ″ highly hydrophobic fluid ″ refers to a composition containing at least about 80% by weight of water. do.

In addition to water, the hydraulic fluid of the present invention contains (1) polyether thickener, (2) lubricating modifier, (3) dispersant, and (4) EP additive as specific components. Optionally, the hydraulic fluid of the present invention may contain various emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, antifoams, binders, freezing point depressants and the like depending on the specific hydraulic system in which the hydraulic fluid is used. Advantageously, the essential components of the hydraulic fluid can be combined to form a concentrate so that it can be easily diluted with water to provide the hydraulic fluid.

The aqueous hydraulic fluid of the present invention provides improvements over known aqueous hydraulic fluids in view of more stable viscosity properties, lower wear and better lubricity and the like.

Highly aqueous hydraulic fluids according to the present invention can be obtained by mixing the lubricating modifier and the dispersant together at a temperature of about 120-180 ° F. (49-82 ° C.), then removing the heat and introducing EP additives into the mixture. .

Next, water is added to obtain a uniform clear fluid. This clear fluid is then combined with the thickener and further water is added to provide an aqueous fluid with the desired water content and viscosity. Optional ingredients such as antifoams, preservatives and the like may be added at any time during fluid preparation.

The concentrate of the present invention can be mixed with a substantial amount of water to provide a refractory hydraulic fluid with improved lubricity and anti-wear properties and stable viscosity.

Even at an excess water concentration of 80% by weight, the hydraulic fluid of the present invention can be effectively used in systems having wing pumps, and can replace standard fluid oils while reducing costs.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are as follows. According to the present invention there is provided a hydrophobic hydrofluid and a concentrate which can be diluted with water to form such a hydrofluid, the concentrate comprising (1) a polyether thickener, (2) a lubricating modifier and , (3) a dispersant, (4) EP additives, and (5) water. As is conventional, preservatives, antifoams, metal deactivators, and the like may be incorporated into the composition. Such hydraulic fluids have been found to have little viscosity drop during use.

[Lubrication modulator]

New hydraulic fluids of the present invention include non-water-miscible liquids, and also water-miscible, water-soluble or dispersible liquids, and mixtures of these liquids. These lubricating modulators enhance the lubricity of hydraulic fluids and also function as plasticizers to prevent the formation of sticky deposits in hydraulic systems where hydraulic fluids are used.

In addition, water-miscible or water-dispersible fluids such as alkylene glycols, described in more detail below, improve the fluidity and low temperature properties of hydraulic fluids at high concentrations.

Non-water miscible liquids that can be used as lubricating modifiers include aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Mineral oil; Silicone oils such as dimethyl and methylphenyl silicone; Condensation products of vegetable oils, fish oils, fatty acids, fatty alcohols with fatty amines, phosphate-modifiable fatty acids with alkanolamines; Ethoxylated fattyamides; Organic esters such as di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate or azelate and trimethylol propane tricaprylate; Glycols and polyglycols; Triaryl phosphate esters such as triisopropyl phenyl phosphate; Liquids such as polyphenyl ethers are included.

One group of preferred lubrication modifiers are synthetic hydrocarbon oils having a lubricating viscosity. In general, such significant viscosity is in the viscosity range of 5 to 700 SUS (Saybolt Universal Seconds) at 100 ° F. Such synthetic hydrocarbon oils are generally prepared by polymerizing lower monoolefins in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as BF ₃ or AlCl ₃ . Lower olefins include, for example, ethylene, propylene, butylene, and the like. Other synthetic hydrocarbon oils are poly-α-olefins and alkyl benzenes. Such synthetic hydrocarbon fluids have moderate fluidity at low temperatures.

Non-water miscible lubricating modifiers may contain natural hydrocarbons such as mineral oils which are natural paraffinic or naphtanic. Such mineral oils have a viscosity of about 50 to 700 SUS at 100 ° F.

Mineral oils suitable for use in the hydraulic fluids of the present invention are Naphthenic light lubricating oils having a viscosity of 80 to 200 SUS and particularly preferred oils of this type are those having a viscosity of 100 to 150 SUS at 100 ° F.

Another group of preferred lubrication modifiers are condensation products of fatty acids with alkanolamines. These products, which are water dispersible, can be produced by reacting fatty acids or fatty esters with alkanolamine while removing condensed water or alcohol at a temperature of about 100 to 160 ° C. The molar ratio of fatty acids or esters to amines ranges from about 2: 1 to about 1: 3. Alternatively, small amounts, ie 0.01 to 0.05 moles of phosphoric acid can be present in the reaction.

Fatty acids used in the preparation of condensates should generally contain 7 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and may be saturated or unsaturated, or a mixture of both. Fatty acids suitable for use in the preparation of condensates thus include heptanoic acid, caprylic acid, pelagonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and behenic acid. Preferred fatty acid reactants are mixtures of stearic acid and oleic acid.

Alkanol amines that have been found useful in the preparation of condensates include ethanolamine, isopropanolamine, N-methyl ethanolamine, diethanolamine, difuropanolamine, diisofupanolamine and triethanolamine.

Particularly preferred alkanolamines are diethanolamines.

Preferred water-soluble / dispersible lubricating modifiers are ethoxylated fattyamides, amines, alcohols and vegetable oils. The alkyl groups of these aliphatic materials should generally contain 7 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Such alkyl groups include heptanoyl, caprylyl, nonanoyl, capryl, lauryl, myristyl, stearyl, oleyl and behenyl. Such lubricating modifiers include aliphatic substances derived from vegetable oils such as palm, coconut, castor, rapeseed seeds, soybeans, corn, peanuts, sunflower oil and the like.

The degree of ethoxylation of these water soluble / dispersible lubricating modifiers should be 1 to 20, preferably 4 to 6 moles, relative to 1 mole of fatty amide, amine, alcohol or vegetable oil.

Preferred water-soluble lubricating modifiers are alkylene and polyalkylene having the general formula RO (C _n H _2n O) _x H, wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, n is 2 It is an integer of -6, and X is an integer of 1-70. Alkylene glycols include ethylene and propylene glycol and their higher homologues such as diethylene and dipropylene glycol.

Suitable water miscible or water dispersible polyoxyalkylene glycols include polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene and poly (oxyethylene, oxypropylene) glycols having a molecular weight of about 200 to about 4000. These polyglycols are not capped or capped by lower alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms at their ends. The weight percent of oxyethylene in (poly (oxyethylene, oxypropylene) glycol should be at least about 20%. Particularly preferred polyglycols are poly (oxyalkylene-oxy-1, 2-propylene having a molecular weight of about 1500 to 4000. Monobutyl ether of glycol, generally a lubricating modifier contains from about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of a hydraulic fluid A preferred hydraulic fluid of the present invention contains from about 1.0 to 10% of a lubricating modulator.

[Thickening agent]

The polyether thickener used in the hydraulic fluid of the present invention is a relatively high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene compound, which may be capped by an α-olefin oxide as indicated herein as a polyether polyol. The thickener is water soluble or at least water dispersible. Preferred thickeners are polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers capped with α-olefins containing about 20 to 35% by weight of 1,2-propylene oxide groups.

Polyether thickeners useful in the aqueous hydraulic fluids of the present invention are preferably generally two types of liquid polyether polyols. Each form is obtained by reacting an active hydrogen compound with ethylene oxide, which is at least one lower alkylene containing 3 to 4 carbon atoms.

However, in one form of thickener, the active hydrogen compound is an aliphatic alcohol having two or more hydroxy groups in the molecule, and in another form it has 4 to 30, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the aliphatic group. Aliphatic monohydric alcohol.

In either case these polyether polyols can be capped by reaction with α-olefin oxides having 12 to 30, preferably 12 to 18 aliphatic carbon atoms, as heteric or block copolymers.

However, thickeners in which the active hydrogen compound is a diol or a polyol may be used in an uncapped form as long as they have a sufficiently high molecular weight.

Thus, such an uncapped polyether polyol should have a molecular weight of at least 7,000, and may have a high molecular weight of about 75,000. Preferred uncapped polyether polyols of this type have a molecular weight of about 10,000 to 30,000.

When the copolymer thickener in which the active hydrogen compound is a diol or polyol is capped by the reaction with α-olefin oxide, the molecular weight should be about 7,000 to 15,000, preferably about 12,000 to 14,000.

In either case, ie, whether the polyether polyol is of a relatively high molecular weight of 20,000 or more, or of a relatively low molecular weight, i.e. of 15,000 or less, the weight percent of ethylene oxide groups should be on the order of 25 to 80%. . The copolymer preferably contains about 25 to 35% of 1, 2-propylene oxide groups.

Diols used as active hydrogen-containing compounds in the present invention may be glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and higher glycols. This diol may also contain oxy alkylene groups.

Typical polyols that can be used as active hydrogen compounds are glycerol, polyglycerol and trimethylol furopane.

In preparing the polyether polyols, good results can be obtained by bringing a mixture containing ethylene oxide and lower alkylene oxide into intimate contact with the diol or polyol starting compound in the liquid phase and uniformly dispersing the appropriate catalyst throughout the pre-reaction. have. Preferred catalysts are sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The reaction is carried out at a temperature of about 50 to 160 ℃.

The above-mentioned polyether polyols, in which the active hydrogen compound is a diol, and a preparation method thereof are described in US Pat. 2, 425, 845, which is described herein by reference.

As noted above, polyol polyols containing diols or polyols can be used as such or capped with an α-olefin oxide. Advantageously, the capped polyols can provide hydraulic fluids of a given viscosity even when substantially lesser amounts are used compared to polyols containing diols or polyols or containing aliphatic monohydric alcohols as active hydrogen-containing compounds or livers. have. Thus, for example, in the hydraulic fluid of the present invention, when using 12.5 parts of the uncapsulated thickener (compare Examples 1 and 2) is only a viscosity of 75 to 80 SUS, 4.8 parts by weight of the capped thickener is 100 It has been found to provide hydraulic fluids having a viscosity of 190 to 200 SUS at < RTI ID = 0.0 >

As mentioned above, the α-olefin oxides used to modulate or cap the polyether polyols are those containing about 12 to 30, preferably about 12 to 18 aliphatic carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. The amount of α-olefin oxide required to obtain the desired thickener is from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of the total weight of the capped thickener.

The capping reaction is carried out by adding α-olefin oxide to the polyether polyol as a liquid and heating the mixture to a temperature of about 50 to 90 ° C. for 1 to 2 hours depending on the amount of reaction once. It is preferable to make the polyether polyol as anhydrous as possible before adding the α-olefin oxide.

A second form of preferred thickener is a heteric or block copolymer of ethylene oxide, lower alkylene oxide and active hydrogen compound, capped with an α-olefin oxide, which also contains 12 to 30 aliphatic carbon atoms, and 4 to 30 Aliphatic monohydric alcohols containing 12 to 18 aliphatic carbon atoms. For reference, such thickeners and methods for their preparation are described in US Pat. No. 4, 288, 639.

Typical monohydric alcohols preferred for the reaction of ethylene oxide with lower alkylene oxides are butyl alcohol, capryl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol. This reaction is carried out using known alkaline oxyalkylation catalysts such as strong bases such as sodium hydroxide and potassium. This reaction can be carried out in the presence of an inert organic solvent, examples of which include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane; Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene; Chlorinated hydrocarbons such as ethylene dichloride and the like.

As above-mentioned, reaction temperature is about 50-160 degreeC.

The preparation of the latter polyether polyols is well known in the art. For reference, more detailed description of the preparation of heteric copolymer of lower alkylene oxide is described in US Pat. 3, 829, 506, and additional information on preparing block copolymers of lower alkylene oxides is described in US Pat. No. 3, 535, 307.

Polyether polyols in which the active hydrogen compound is an aliphatic monohydric alcohol may be capped with α-olefin oxide as described above.

The molecular weight of the latter capped thickener should be in the range of about 7000 to 15000, preferably 12000 to 14000.

Other polyether polyols that can be capped to provide a thickening agent according to the present invention and methods for their preparation are described in US Pat. 2, 425, 755, 3, 036, 118, 3, 595, 924, 3, 706, 714 and 3, 829, 505; British Patent Nos. 950, 844 and 1, 228, 561.

In the hydraulic fluid of the present invention, the thickener is included in about 1.5 to about 15% by weight, the amount of which depends on the viscosity of the special thickener and the hydraulic fluid used. As mentioned above, the capped thickener has a higher concentration than the uncapped thickener.

Thus, even smaller amounts of capped thickener can be used to provide the hydraulic fluid of the present invention with the desired viscosity. The hydraulic fluid contains on average about 2-6% capped thickener and 10-15% uncapped thickener. By using a preferred amount thickener, the hydraulic fluid has a viscosity in the range of about 50 to about 200 SUS at 100 ° F.

[Dispersant]

Dispersants useful for inclusion in the hydraulic fluids of the present invention are reaction products of alkenyl succinic anhydrides (or succinic acids) with certain water soluble active hydrogen compounds, one example of which is dialkylalkanolamines. These dispersants are particularly effective for dispersing oil soluble extreme pressure (EP) additives, such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, in hydraulic fluids if they can act as anti-wear components and impart EP properties.

Alkenyl succinic anhydride (or succinic acid) to which the active hydrogenated compound will react together can be prepared by reacting maleic anhydride with a long chain α-olefin in a conventional manner. The olefin can be reacted with maleic anhydride (or maleic acid) at a temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. and the amount of olefin used is at least the stoichiometric equivalent of the maleic anhydride reactant.

Preferred olefin reaction products are long chain polyisobutylenes long enough to produce a succinic anhydride reaction product having a molecular weight of about 500 to 2000, preferably about 800 to 1200, with a molecular weight of about 1000 being particularly preferred. .

As for the next product, as an active hydrogen compound, it is an alkyl alkanolamine having the following general formula.

Wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, R 'is hydrogen or (C ₂ H ₄ O) _x H or (C ₃ H ₆ O) _x H, and R''is R or R' , X is an integer from 1 to 50. Particularly preferred alkanolamine reactants are diethylethanol amines.

Other active hydrogenated compounds that will react with alkenyl succinic anhydride (or succinic acid) have the general formula:

또는 SR″′이고, R^V는 R′ 또는 1 내지 4개의 탄소원자를 함유하는 알킬기이고, y는 3 내지 10의 정수이다.Wherein Z is (C ₂ H ₄ O) or (C ₃ H ₆ O), R ″ 'is alkyl containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and R ^IV is

Or SR ″ ′, R ^V is R ′ or an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and y is an integer of 3 to 10.

R ″ ′ is an alkyl group of C ₈ to C ₉ , and y is preferably 5.

Alkenyl succinic anhydride (or succinic acid) is reacted at a temperature of about 50 to 250 ° C., preferably at a temperature of 60 to 150 ° C., for a time sufficient to form the desired reaction product, generally for 1 to 6 hours. The relative amount of the anhydride and the active hydrogenated compound may vary to some extent, but in order to ensure the completion of the reaction of the anhydride, it is preferable to react two moles of the active hydrogenated compound with the molar anhydride. In order to fully properly disperse the EP additive and other water-insoluble components in the aqueous phase of the insoluble component in the aqueous phase of the hydraulic fluid, the hydraulic fluid should contain about 0.5 to 5.0% of dispersant, preferably 1 to 3%. do.

[EP additive]

The extreme pressure (EP) additive used in the hydraulic fluid of the present invention is dithiophosphate or dithio carbamate each having the following general formula.

Wherein R ^V is an alkyl group containing 4 to 16, preferably 4 to 10 carbon atoms, or is phenyl or naphthyl, X is hydrogen, amine, ammonium, substituted ammonium, metals of the Periodic Tables I and II , Ie, alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, alkaline metals generally magnesium or calcium, and two transition metals such as manganese and zinc, in particular zinc, or antimony or MO ₂ S ₂ O ₂ , a is an integer of 1 to 2;

Dithiophosphate may be prepared by reacting phosphorus pentasulphide with alcohol at a temperature of 40-120 ° C. for 1-4 hours. Typical alcohols that can be used for the reaction are normal alcohols such as n-butyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-decine and n-dodecyl alcohol. Suitable branched alcohols include 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and 2, 2-dimethyl-1-octanol.

Organic or inorganic bases, when reacted with dithiophosphate, can form EP additives for inclusion in hydraulic fluids.

Ashless dithiophosphate can be obtained by reaction with non-nonmetallic bases such as amines, ammonia and substituted ammonium compounds.

Metal oxides and hydroxides produce dithiophosphates which are assimilated, which is generally preferred.

The most commonly used metals are the metals of the Periodic Tables I and II, namely alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium, alkali metals which are usually magnesium or calcium, and transition metals of group II, particularly preferably zinc. Metals are generally used in the form of oxides or hydroxides in the reaction with dithiophosphoric acid. The reaction between dithiophosphoric acid and the base is generally carried out over a period of 1-4 hours at a temperature of 75 ° -150 ° C.

The EP additive should be present at about 0.125-1.25%, preferably in an amount of 0.5-0.75%. Dithiocarbamates are well known compounds and are generally obtainable by reaction of a suitable amine with carbon disulfide.

[Selected additives]

The hydraulic fluid may contain other substances such as emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, antifoams, binders and the like in addition to the essential components and water.

Suitable emulsifiers include those having a hydrophilic-lipophilic equilibrium (HLB) in the range of 3 to 20 (ICL, HLB system published by U.S., Inc. 1976, see Chapter 1).

Examples of such emulsifiers are ethoxylated alkylphenols and alkylamines in which the alkyl group contains 14 to 24 carbon atoms, and the number of ethoxy groups is 3 to 10.

Long chains, ie C ₈ -C ₁₈ alcohols, can also be used as co-emulsifiers. The hydraulic fluid may contain up to 1.5% of such emulsifier, but the preferred amount of emulsifier is about 0.45 to 1.2%.

Small amounts, i.e. up to 0.5% of various silicon antifoams, as well as up to 0.1% of various preservatives, benzotriazoles and tolutriazoles, may also be present in the hydraulic fluid. As the vapor phase corrosion inhibitor, various water-soluble alkyl alkanolamines in the form used for the reaction with succinic anhydride can be used to form the above-mentioned dispersant.

If a freezing point depressant such as ethylene glycol is not present as a lubricating modulator, it may be included in the hydraulic fluid in an amount sufficient to lower the freezing point to prevent freezing of the fluid at the operating temperature.

In order to limit shipping and storage costs, it is desirable to first prepare a water-dilutable concentrate that can produce a hydraulic fluid simply by adding an appropriate amount of water.

Such concentrates may have the composition described in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1

In the preparation of the hydraulic fluid of the present invention, when an oil-soluble lubricating modifier, a dispersant, and an EP additive are present, they may be mixed together and heated at a temperature of about 130 to 150 ° F. (54.4 ° to 65.6 ° C.) for 30 to 40 minutes.

Various optional additives such as preservatives, antifoams, emulsifiers and the like can be added to the heated to about 150 ° -160 ° F. (65.5 ° -71.1 ° C.) when water-miscible lubrication modifiers are present. Otherwise, such optional additives may be added directly to the mixture containing the oil soluble modifier and the EP additive.

The two mixtures can then be combined without heating, and water can be added and the mixture mixed for 40 to 60 minutes to form a transparent fluid containing about 35 to 45% water.

This mixture can then be combined with an appropriate amount of thickening agent and water to produce a hydraulic fluid having a desired moisture content, typically a moisture content of at least 80% and a viscosity.

Some embodiments have been described in order to better illustrate the present invention, which are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The hydraulic fluid of the present invention having the composition shown in Table 2 was prepared by the method described below.

TABLE 2

23.3 parts by weight of component (a), 18.0 parts of component (b) and 7.5 parts of component (c) were mixed and heated to 130 ° -150 ° F. (54.4 ° -65.6 ° C.) for 30-45 minutes.

1.2 parts of additive (g) were dissolved in 10.0 parts of component (d) heated to 150 ° -160 ° F. (66 ° -71 ° C.). The two mixtures were combined, the heating was stopped and water was added so that the water contained 40% by weight of the final mixture. The resulting reaction mixture was mixed for 45-60 minutes to obtain a homogeneously translucent liquid.

The 5 parts by weight of the translucent liquid obtained above were combined with 12.5 parts of diethylethanolamine as component (f) in sufficient water to bring the total amount of material to 100%. The resulting hydraulic fluid had an initial viscosity of 75-80 SUS at 100 ° F. (37.8 ° C.).

1: A phosphate-modulated condensation product obtained by reacting 1.5 moles of diethanolamine with about 1 mole of a mixture of stearic acid and oleic acid in the presence of 0.03 moles of phosphoric acid.

2: zinc dialkyl (C ₄ -C ₁₀ ) dithiophosphate

3: monobutyl ether of poly (oxyethylene-oxy-1, 2-propylene) glycol (molecular weight 1500-4000)

4: poly (oxyethylene (75%)-oxy-1, 2-propylene) glycol (molecular weight 25,000-30,000)

5: benzotriazole and silicon antifoaming agent

Example 2

The hydraulic fluid of Example 1 was subjected to the following test.

TABLE 3

Example 3

The hydraulic fluid of the present invention having the composition shown in Table 4 was prepared by the method described below.

TABLE 4

23.3 parts by weight of component (a), 18.0 parts of component (b) and 7.5 parts of component (c) were mixed and heated to 130 ° -150 ° F. (54.4 ° -65.6 ° C.) for 30-45 minutes.

Additive component (g) was dissolved in 1.2 parts of component (d) heated to 150 ° -160 ° F. (65.6 ° -71.1 ° C.).

The two mixtures were combined, heat shielded and water was added in an amount such that the water contained 40% by weight of the final mixture. The resulting reaction mixture was mixed for 45-60 minutes to obtain a homogeneously translucent liquid.

5 parts by weight of the translucent liquid prepared as described above were mixed in sufficient water together with 4.8 parts of a thickening agent of component (e) and 0.5 parts of component (f) of diethylethanolamine so that the total amount of the material was 100%. The resulting hydraulic fluid had an initial viscosity of 190-200 SUS at 100 ° F. (37.8 ° C.).

1: A phosphate-modulated condensation product obtained by reacting 1.5 moles of diethanolamine with about 1 mole of a mixture of stearic acid and oleic acid in the presence of 0.03 moles of phosphoric acid.

2: zinc dialkyl (C ₄ -C ₁₀ ) dithiophosphate

3: monobutyl ether of poly (oxyethylene-oxy-1, 2-propylene) glycol (molecular weight 1500-4000)

(분자량-240)으로 캡핑된 폴리(옥시에틸렌(75%)-옥시-1, 2-프로필렌) 글리콜(분자량 12,000-15,000)4: CH ₃ (CH ₂ ) ₁₃

Poly (oxyethylene (75%)-oxy-1, 2-propylene) glycol (molecular weight 12,000-15,000) capped with (molecular weight -240)

5: benzotriazole and silicon antifoaming agent

Example 4

The hydraulic fluid of Example 3 was subjected to the next pump test.

TABLE 5

Example 5

The hydraulic fluid of the present invention having the composition shown in Table 6 was prepared by the method described below.

TABLE 6

21.2 parts by weight of component (a) and 16.0 parts of component (b) were mixed and heated to 130 ° -150 ° F. (54.4 ° -65.6 ° C.) for 45-60 minutes.

The heating was stopped and 6.7 parts of component (c) and 7.5 parts of component (g) were added and the mixture was mixed for 30-45 minutes. Additive component (f) was dissolved in 4.5 parts of component (h) heated to 0.9 parts 150 ° -160 ° F. (65.6 ° -71.1 ° C.).

The two mixtures were combined and water was added so that the water contained 43.2% by weight of the final mixture. The resulting reaction product was mixed for 45-60 minutes to obtain a homogeneously translucent liquid.

5 parts by weight of the translucent liquid prepared as above were combined with 5 parts of the thickening agent of component (e) and 5 parts of the polyglycol of component (d) in sufficient water so that the total amount of the total material was 100%. The resulting hydraulic fluid had an initial viscosity of 150-250 SUS at 100 ° F. (37.8 ° C.).

1: Reaction product of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (average molecular weight 1000) and ethoxylated (5-10) ethoxy group fatty (C ₁₂ -C ₂₄ ) amine

2: polybutene (viscosity at 400 ° F -400SUS)

3: zinc dialkyl (C ₄ -C ₁₀ ) dithiophosphate

4: monobutyl ether of poly (oxyethylene-oxy-1,2-propylene) glycol (molecular weight 1500-4000)

(분자량-240)으로 캡핑된 폴리(옥시에틸렌(75%)-옥시-1, 2-프로필렌) 글리콜(분자량 25,000-30,000)5: CH ₃ (CH ₂ ) ₁₃

Poly (oxyethylene (75%)-oxy-1, 2-propylene) glycol (molecular weight 25,000-30,000) capped with (molecular weight-240)

6: benzotriazole and silicon antifoaming agent

Example 6

The hydraulic fluid of Example 5 was subjected to the following pump test using the same test conditions as the test pump of the same type as in Example 4, Table 5.

TABLE 7

Example 7

The hydraulic fluid of the present invention having the composition shown in Table 8 was prepared by the method described below.

TABLE 8

12.5 parts of component (a), 10.0 parts of component (b), and 5.0 parts of component (c) were mixed and heated to 130 ° -150 ° F. (54.4 ° -65.6 ° C.) for 30-45 minutes.

0.6 parts of additive (g) were dissolved in 21.9 parts of component (d) heated to 150 ° -160 ° F. (65.6 ° -71.1 ° C.). Combining the two mixtures; After blocking the heat, water was added so that the water contained 50% by weight of the final mixture. The resulting reaction mixture was mixed for 45-60 minutes to obtain a homogeneously translucent liquid.

10.0 parts by weight of the translucent liquid prepared as above was combined with 12.0 parts of component (e) and 0.5 parts of diethylethanolamine as component (f) in sufficient water so that the total amount of the total material was 100%. The resulting fluid had an initial viscosity of 70-75 SUS at 100 ° F. (37.8 ° C.).

1: phosphate-modulated condensation product obtained by reacting 1.5 moles of diethanolamine with a mixture of stearic acid and oleic acid in the presence of 0.03 moles of phosphoric acid

2: zinc dialkyl (C ₄ -C ₁₀ ) dithiophosphate

3: poly (oxyethylene-oxy-1, 2-propylene) glycol (molecular weight 1500-4000)

4: poly (oxyethylene (75%)-oxy-1, 2-propylene) glycol (molecular weight 25,000-30,000)

5: benzotriazole and silicon antifoaming agent

Example 8

The hydraulic fluid of Example 8 was subjected to the following pump test.

TABLE 9

Example 9

The hydraulic fluid of Example 5 was subjected to the following pump test.

TABLE 10

Example 10

The hydraulic fluid of the present invention having the composition shown in Table 11 was prepared by the method described below.

TABLE 11

38.5 parts of component (a) and 14.0 parts of component (b) were mixed and heated to 130 ° -150 ° F. (54 ° -66 ° C.) for 45-60 minutes. The heating was stopped and 11.0 parts of component (c) and 10.0 parts of component (d) were added and the reaction mixture was mixed for 30-45 minutes. 0.3 parts of benzotriazole was dissolved in 6.5 parts of component (e) heated to 150 ° -160 ° F. (66 ° -71 ° C.).

The two mixtures were combined, 10.7 parts of water was added and the mixture was mixed for 45-60 minutes to obtain a uniformly opaque liquid.

6.5 parts by weight of the transparent liquid prepared as above was combined with 87.8 parts of water, 2.5 parts of ethylene glycol, 3.0 parts of component (i) and 0.2 parts of a silicon defoamer. This mixture was mixed for 45-60 minutes until a uniform translucent product was obtained. The resulting hydraulic fluid had an initial viscosity of 210-320SUS.

1: Reaction product of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (average molecular weight 1000) and ethoxylated (3-10 ethoxy group) fatty (C ₁₂ -C ₂₄ ) amine.

2: naphthenic mineral oil (viscosity-100SUS, at 100 ° F)

3: zinc dialkyl (C ₄ -C ₁₀ ) dithiophosphate

4: benzotriazole and silicon antifoaming agent

로 캡핑된 것.5: poly (oxyethylene- (75%)-oxy-1, 2-propylene) glycol (molecular weight 12,000-15,000),

Capped by.

Example 11

The hydraulic fluid of Example 10 was subjected to the pump test using the same conditions as the pumps of the same type as in Example 4 and Table 5 except for the test duration.

TABLE 12

Example 12

The hydraulic fluid of Example 10 was subjected to the following pulp tests, the conditions used and the results obtained are listed in Table 13 below.

TABLE 13

week:

(1) Tests 1 and 2 were carried out using a Vickers 282 series vane pump under negative drop conditions.

(2) A Vickers 180 series vane pump was used to perform a 12 inch supercharge condition.

Example 13

The hydraulic fluid of Example 10 was subjected to the pump test using the same conditions as the pumps of the same type as in Example 9 and Table 10, except for the elapsed test time, and the results obtained are shown in Table 14 below.

TABLE 14

Claims (56)

(1) 1.5 to 15% by weight of a polyether thickener (based on the total weight of the fluid), (2) 0.5 to 20% by weight of a lubricating modulator, and (3) the alkenylsuccinic acid or anhydride to a water-soluble active hydrogen compound 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of the dispersant as a reaction product, 0.125 to 1.25% by weight of the extreme pressure additive containing (4) dialkyl or diaryl dithiophosphate or dialkyl or diaryldithiocarbamate, and (5) equilibrium amount. An oil-in-water emulsion type high aqueous hydraulic fluid, containing water. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickener is prepared by reacting ethylene oxide with at least one lower alkylene oxide having 3 to 4 carbon atoms with at least one active hydrogen compound initiator to prepare a etheric or block copolymer. And a polyether polyol having a molecular weight of 7,000 to 15,000, which is then prepared by reacting the copolymer with at least one alpha olefin. The hydraulic fluid according to claim 2, wherein the active hydrogen compound is a diol or a polyol. The hydraulic fluid according to claim 2, wherein the active hydrogen compound is an aliphatic monohydric alcohol containing 4 to 30 carbon atoms. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickener reacts diol or polyol with ethylene oxide and at least one lower alkylene oxide having 3 to 4 carbon atoms to form a etheric or block copolymer having a molecular weight of 7,000 to 75,000. Hydraulic fluid, characterized in that it contains a polyether polyol prepared by. 3. The thickening agent according to claim 2, wherein the thickener reacts ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with a lower glycol or polyol to form a block copolymer, and then the copolymer is reacted with an alpha olefin containing 12 to 30 aliphatic carbon atoms. Hydraulic fluid, characterized in that it contains a polyether polyol having a molecular weight of 7,000 to 15,000. 5. The thickening agent of claim 4, wherein the thickener reacts with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and an aliphatic alcohol having 12 to 18 aliphatic carbon atoms to form a block copolymer, and then the block copolymer is used to form a 12 to 30 aliphatic carbon source. A hydrofluid containing a polyether polyol having a molecular weight of 7,000 to 15,000, which is prepared by further reacting with an alpha olefin containing a jar. The hydraulic fluid according to claim 6, wherein the active hydrogen water compound is ethylene glycol. The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating modifier is aliphatic hydrocarbons, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, mineral oil, silicon oil, synthetic hydrocarbons, glycerides, fatty alcohols, condensation products of fatty acids and alkanolamines, fatty acids and alkanolamines Selected from the group consisting of phosphate-modulated condensation products, ethoxylated fatty amines, glycols, polyglycols, ethoxylated vegetable oils, ethoxylated fatty amides, organic esters, triarylphosphate esters, polyphenyl ethers, and mixtures thereof Hydro fluid, characterized in that. 10. The hydraulic fluid of claim 9 wherein the lubricating modifier contains polybutene having a viscosity of 400 SUS at 100 ° F. 10. The hydraulic fluid of claim 9 wherein the lubricating modulator is a phosphate-modulated condensation product of a fatty acid and a dialkanolamine. 10. The hydraulic fluid according to claim 9, wherein the lubricating modifier is a naphthenic light lubricant having a viscosity of 100 SUS at 100 ° F. 10. The hydraulic fluid of claim 9 wherein the lubrication modifier is ethylene glycol. 10. The hydraulic fluid of claim 9, wherein the lubricating modifier is a monobutyl ether of poly (oxyethylene-oxy-1,2-propylene) glycol having a molecular weight of 1,500 to 4,000. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the lubricating modifier comprises a mixture of a phosphate-modulated condensation product of a fatty acid with a dialkanolamine and a monobutyl ether of poly (oxyethylene-oxy-1,2-propylene) glycol. Hydraulic fluid. 10. The hydraulic fluid according to claim 9, wherein the lubricating modifier contains a mixture of polybutene, polyglycol, and fatty alcohol. 10. The hydraulic fluid of claim 9 wherein said lubricating modifier contains a mixture of mineral oil, fatty alcohol and glycol. 10. The hydraulic fluid according to claim 9, wherein said lubricating modifier contains a mixture of fatty alcohol and glycol. The method of claim 1, wherein the succinic anhydride or the ester of succinic acid contains a reaction product of alkenyl succinic anhydride or succinic acid with an alkyl alkanolamine having the following general formula, and the reaction product has a molecular weight of 800 to 2,000. Hydraulic fluid.

Wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group of 8 to 25 carbon atoms, R 'is hydrogen, (C ₂ H ₄ O) _x H or (C ₃ H ₆ O) _x H, R''isR', X is It is an integer of 2-50. 20. The hydraulic fluid of claim 19 wherein the ester of succinic anhydride contains a reaction product of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride with diethylethanolamine having a molecular weight of 1,000. The hydraulic fluid according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is an ester of alkenyl succinic anhydride, succinic acid and ethoxylated castor oil. The hydraulic fluid according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is an ester of succinic anhydride, succinic acid and ethoxylated fatty amine. The hydraulic fluid according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is a reaction product of succinic anhydride or succinic acid and a compound having the following general formula.

Wherein Z is (C ₂ H ₄ O) or (C ₃ H ₆ O), R ″ 'is an alkyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and R ^IV is

Or SR ″ ′, R ^V is R ′ or alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and y is an integer from 3 to 10. The hydraulic fluid according to claim 1, wherein the extreme pressure additive has the following general formula.

Wherein R _V is an alkyl, phenyl or naphthyl group containing 4 to 16 carbon atoms, X is hydrogen, amine, ammonium or substituted ammonium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, manganese or zinc Is an integer of 1 to 2. The hydraulic fluid of claim 24 wherein the extreme pressure additive is zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. The hydraulic fluid according to claim 24, wherein the extreme pressure additive is zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate having an alkyl group containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms. The hydraulic fluid of claim 1 containing at least 80% by weight of water. (1) 12,000 to 14,000 produced by reacting ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, lower glycol or polyol to form a block copolymer, and further reacting the block copolymer with an alpha olefin containing 12 to 18 aliphatic carbon atoms. 2 to 6% by weight (based on the total weight of the fluid) of a thickening agent containing a polyether polyol having a molecular weight, (2) 1 to 10% by weight of a lubricating modifier, (3) polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and di 1 to 3% by weight of a dispersant containing a substance having a molecular weight of 1,000 as a reaction product with ethyl ethanol amine, (4) 0.5 to 0.75% by weight of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; (5) A high aqueous hydraulic fluid of oil-in-water emulsion type, comprising an equilibrium amount of water of at least 80% by weight. (1) 1.5 to 20% by weight of a polyether thickener (based on the total weight of the hydraulic fluid), (2) 5 to 40% by weight of a lubricating modifier, and (3) alkenyl anhydrous succinic acid or succinic acid and a water-soluble active hydrogen compound. 5 to 20% by weight of a dispersant which is a reaction product with (4) 1 to 10% by weight of an extreme pressure additive containing dialkyl or diaryl dithiophosphate or dialkyl or diaryl dithiocarbamate, and (5) A concentrate that forms a highly aqueous hydraulic fluid by adding water, characterized by containing an equilibrium amount of water. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the thickener reacts ethylene oxide with at least one lower alkylene oxide having 3 to 4 carbon atoms with at least one active hydrogen compound initiator to form a etheric or block copolymer, A concentrate, characterized in that it contains a polyether polyol having a molecular weight of 7,000 to 15,000, prepared by further reacting the coalescence with at least one alpha olefin. 32. The concentrate of claim 30 wherein the active hydrogen compound is a diol or a polyol. 32. The concentrate of claim 30 wherein the active hydrogen compound is an aliphatic monovalent alcohol containing 4 to 30 carbon atoms. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the thickener is prepared by reacting a diol or polyol with ethylene oxide and at least one lower alkylene oxide having from 3 to 4 carbon atoms to form a etheric or block copolymer having a molecular weight of 7,000 to 75,000. A concentrate characterized by containing a polyether polyol. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the thickener is prepared by reacting ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with a lower glycol or polyol to form a block copolymer, and further reacting the copolymer with an alpha olefin containing 12 to 30 aliphatic carbon atoms. And, a concentrate comprising a polyether polyol having a molecular weight of 7,000 to 15,000. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the thickener reacts ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with an aliphatic alcohol containing 12 to 18 aliphatic carbon atoms to form a block copolymer, the block copolymer containing 12 to 30 aliphatic carbon atoms. A concentrate characterized by containing a polyether having a molecular weight of 7,000 to 15,000, which is prepared by further reacting with an alpha olefin oxide. 30. The concentrate of claim 29 wherein said active hydrogen compound is ethylene glycol. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the lubricating modifier is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, a mineral oil, a silicon oil, a synthetic hydrocarbon oil, a glyceride, a condensation product of a fatty acid with an alkanolamine, a phosphate salt of a fatty acid with an alkanolamine- A concentrate characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of modulation condensation products, ethoxylated fatty amines, ethoxylated vegetable oils, ethoxylated fatty amides, organic esters, glycols, polyglycols, triaryl phosphate esters and polyphenylethers. 38. The concentrate of claim 37 wherein the lubricating modifier contains polybutene having a viscosity of 400 SUS at 100 ° F. 38. The concentrate of claim 37, wherein the lubricating modulator is a phosphate-modulated condensation product of a fatty acid with a dialkanolamine. 30. The concentrate of claim 29 wherein the lubricating modifier is a naphthenic light lubricant having a viscosity of 100 SUS at 100 ° F. 30. The concentrate of claim 29 wherein said lubricating modulator is ethylene glycol. 30. The concentrate of claim 29 wherein the lubricating modifier is a monobutyl ether of poly (oxyethylene-oxy-1,2-propylene) glycol having a molecular weight of 1,500 to 4,000. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the lubricating modifier contains a mixture of a phosphate-modulated condensation product of a fatty acid with a dialkanolamine and a monobutyl ether of poly (oxyethylene-oxy-1, 2-propylene) glycol. Concentrate made. 30. The concentrate of claim 29 wherein said lubricating modifier contains a mixture of polybutene, polyglycol and fatty alcohol. 30. The concentrate of claim 29 wherein the lubricating modifier contains a mixture of mineral oil, fatty alcohols and glycols. 30. The concentrate of claim 29 wherein said lubricating modifier contains a mixture of fatty alcohols and glycols. 30. The method according to claim 29, wherein the ester of succinic anhydride or succinic acid contains a reaction product of alkenyl succinic anhydride or succinic acid with an alkylalkanolamine of the general formula: wherein the reaction product has a molecular weight of 200 to 2,000. Concentrate.

Wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 8 to 25 carbon atoms, R 'is hydrogen (C ₂ H ₄ O) _x H or (C ₃ H ₆ O) _x H, R''is R or R', X is 2 It is an integer of -50. 48. The concentrate of claim 47, wherein the ester of succinic anhydride contains the reaction product of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride with diethyl ethanolamine having a molecular weight of 1,000. 30. The concentrate of claim 29 wherein the dispersant is an ester of alkenyl succinic anhydride or succinic acid with ethoxylated castor oil. 30. The concentrate of claim 29 wherein the dispersant is an ester of succinic anhydride or succinic acid with an ethoxylated fatty amine. 30. The concentrate of claim 29 wherein the dispersant is a reaction product of succinic anhydride or succinic acid with a compound of the general formula:

Wherein Z is (C ₂ H ₄ O) or (C ₃ H ₆ O), R ″ 'is an alkyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and R ^IV is

Or SR ″ ′, R ^V is R ′ or alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and y is an integer from 3 to 10. 30. A concentrate as claimed in claim 29 wherein said extreme pressure additive has the following general formula.

Wherein R _V is an alkyl, phenyl or naphthyl group containing 4 to 16 carbon atoms, X is hydrogen, amine, ammonium or substituted ammonium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, manganese or zinc Is an integer of 1 to 2. 53. The concentrate of claim 52 wherein the extreme pressure additive is zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate. 53. The concentrate of claim 52, wherein the extreme pressure additive is zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate having an alkyl group of 4 to 10 carbon atoms. 30. The hydraulic fluid of claim 29 containing at least 80% by weight of water. (1) Ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, lower glycol or polyol are reacted to form a block copolymer, and the block copolymer is further reacted with an alpha olefin oxide containing 12 to 18 aliphatic carbon atoms to prepare a molecular weight of 12,000 to 12 to 18% by weight thickener containing 14,000 polyether polyols (based on the total weight of the fluid), (2) 10 to 20% by weight of lubricating modulators, and (3) polyisobutenyl anhydrous succinic anhydride and diethyl ethanol 10 to 15% by weight of a dispersant containing a substance having a molecular weight of 1,000, which is a reaction product with an amine, (4) 2 to 6% by weight of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate containing 4 to 10 carbon atoms in an alkyl group, ( 5) A concentrate that forms a highly aqueous hydraulic fluid by adding water, characterized in that it contains an equilibrium amount of water.