KR900001473B1 - Method and apparatus of a form-processing - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine tool controller uses a microprocessor (5) which accepts data on both the profile of the finished piece and on the blank from which the piece is machined, and stores both these sets of data in two memory zones. The microprocessor program then processes the profile data to remove data which presents a concave part of the finished profile to a third memory zone, and places the remaining data representing the concave profile in a fourth memory. The tool is then controlled so that it makes maximally effective passes to reducc the blank profile to the finished form, using the stored data on the differences between the two profiles.

Description

Shape processing method and device

1 is a schematic diagram of a means for implementing a shape machining method according to the present invention.

2 is a diagram showing a path in which a tool moves between an incomplete shape and a finished shape according to the processing method of the present invention.

3 is a side view of a complete line with grooves.

4 and 5 show a cross section of a single groove and a machining step thereof.

6 is a side view of a groove of a complex shape.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: machine tool 2: workpiece

3, 6: Electronic guide 4: Bus

5 microprocessor 7 RAM

8: EEPROM 9: REPROM

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for processing an incomplete shape to produce an elaborate finished shape.

According to the known shape processing method, it is possible to apply the mimic cutting in the direction parallel to the finished shape.

Another example of a conventional shape processing method is a method of performing a shape processing by mimicking the shape of the cylindrical portion while moving the tool in a direction parallel to the main side of the machine tool. However, this machining method also has the drawback that if an unfinished product that almost matches the finished shape is used, the tool is unnecessarily reciprocated between the unfinished shape and the finished shape, which wastes too much time.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to make the best use of the tool's capacity, to restrain the movement of unproductive tools as much as possible and to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art as described above.

The object of the present invention can be achieved by a method of controlling the processing of the finished shape with a digital controller, the method is characterized by consisting of the following process. (A) storing a first program relating to the finished shape in a first storage means, (b) storing a second program relating to an unfinished shape in a second storage means, and (c) a home in a first program relating to a completed shape. Find a program relating to the shape of the groove; (d) store the program relating to the shape of the groove in a third storage means; (e) delete the program relating to the shape of the groove from the first program relating to the completed shape; (3) take the third program on the purely finished shape in which the program on the shape of the groove is erased; (e) store the third program in the fourth storage means; and (g) the second program on the unfinished shape and the purely finished shape. (B) process the preliminary shape of the purely completed shape, except for the groove portion, while transferring the tool along the continuous path between coordinates provided from the third program for (i) to the shape of the groove stored in the above third storage means. Using the program on the above

Another object of the present invention is to maximize the cutting capacity of the tool while machining the finished shape up to the groove.

This object can be attained by performing the following digital control while machining a groove of a complicated shape composed of a plurality of recesses. (A) Reproducing a program relating to the shape of the groove stored in the third storage means to determine whether the position of the groove is right or left of the programmed downward straight line, and (B) One of the grooves located on the left or right side of the downward straight line The complex shape groove is converted into a simple groove, (c) the shape of the simple groove is processed, and (d) the shape processing operation is repeated for another simple groove that has been deleted.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention.

This object can be achieved by a device consisting of the following components, which are formed by the microprocessor by inputting a program defining an incomplete shape and a finished shape into a microprocessor connected to a bus. And a second ROM comprising parameters and software for the machine tool to be controlled while being connected to the bus, the program relating to the completion shape, and the program relating to the groove. Means for making a program for pure shape, a third RAM for storing a program for the shape of the groove, a fourth RAM for storing a program for pure shape without the program for the groove, and a bus and a machine tool It is configured as a means for being connected and transmitting a control signal.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 shows a machine tool 1 supporting a work piece 2, which has a turret tool depression (not shown). The controller and sensor of the machine tool are connected to the bus 4 via an electronic card 3 which serves as a shaft coupling. The purpose of installing the electronic card 3 is to connect a sensor for reading the position of a moving part of a machine tool and to control the moving speed of the moving part. The bus 4 is connected to the microprocessor 5 and to at least one RAM 7, an EEPROM 8, and a memory assembly 7-8-9 configured as a REPROM 9. The REPROM consists of a code, command and software for operating the device. The EEPROM stores the machine tool parameters, ie the stroke of the moving parts and the data of the servo control gain. The RAM may be made in the form of an assembly, and stores all data necessary for the operation of the device as described later.

In addition, the bus 4 is connected to the assembly 10 constituted as a control key board and display means by an electronic card 6 which serves as a serial connector while providing a transmitting circuit and generating a signal.

The second serial connection card 11 connects the bus 4 and the ribbon reader 12.

The method of processing the preliminary shape is executed by the apparatus as shown in FIG. For example, when the workpiece 2 is processed according to the finished shape indicated by the outer shapes P1 to P7 in FIG. 2, and the workpiece 2 is divided into the points A, B, C, and D in FIG. In the case of castings, the programmer observes the display device and sets up the finished and incomplete shapes of the workpiece, as well as instructions on whether the preliminary shape should be machined parallel to the X side or parallel to the Z side. To the device using the ribbon reader 12 or key board.

Similarly, in the machining instruction, the extra thicknesses in the X- and Z-directions are set by the program, and the thickness is such that the finish of the finishing process is completed at the end of the machining and the size of the workpiece can be accurately matched. Should be

The depth of cut, the feedrate of the tool and the rotational speed of the spindle are also set by the program.

The above details are described in the following format. Format: G64 N _P1 N _P7 XA ZA IKP or R FS where N _P1 to N _P7 define the finished shape and indicate the processing sequence, XA ZA is the stop coordinate of the first preliminary shape cutting, I, K is It is an extra thickness in the X- and Y-axis directions, P or R is the cutting depth, p is the longitudinal preliminary shape, R is the transverse preliminary shape, and FS is the feed speed of the tool and the rotational speed of the main side. P or R, F and S may be converted during preforming.

An example of writing a program for limiting the incomplete shape and the warm shape shown in FIG. 2 is as follows.

Programming: N10 GX _O Z _O : Start of preforming in the X and Z direction, M2O G79 N1OO: Jump to the sequence calling the preforming cycle.

M160 G80 X Z: End of preforming program

N170 G77 M30 N90 G41 T D F S: Execution of machining

In the example of this program, the machining of grooves is excluded, but in the case of FIG. 3, two grooves F and G are included in the finished shape. Therefore, the programmer must change the completed shape program.

The following program was created in conformity with the shape shown in FIG.

N10 GX ₀ Z ₀

N20 G79 N100

N30 G1 X _P15 Z _P15

N31 X _P14

N32 X _P13 Z _P13

N33 Z _P12

N34 X _P11 B _R11 B _R11 : Radius of groove

N35 Z _P10 B _R10 B _R10 : Radius of groove

N36 X _P9

N37 Z _P8

N38 X _P7 Z _P7

N39 X _P6

N40 X _P5 Z _P5

N41 X _P4

N42 X _P3 Z _P3

N43 X _P2

N44 Z _P1

This program is stored in the zone of the RAM 7. The program for the incomplete shape is stored in the first zone 70 of the RAM, and then the device is operated in the following manner during the preforming cycle.

First, when a program relating to the completed shape is stored in the second zone 71 of the RAM 7, the microprocessor preferentially finds the groove F in the finished shape, that is, in FIG. To this end, the microprocessor compares the word values stored in the memory by software stored in the memory 9,

의 값이 존재하는지의 여부를 탐지한다.Any such as

Detects whether the value of is present.

In the example of the above program, (1) would be X _P13 .

의 최대값을 찾아낸다. 상기 프로그램의 예에 있어서 이 값은 X_P13이 될것이다.Then, the microprocessor satisfies equation (1)

Find the maximum of. In the example of the above program, this value will be X _P13 .

This operation is performed only when several grooves are formed continuously.

의 값에 선행하는 X₁값중에서

의 값과 같거나 그보다 큰 값을 찾아낸다. 상기 프로그램의 예에 있어서 X₁는 X_P9에 해당한다. 그 다음에, 마이크로프로세서는 X_P13과 X_P9의 값이 위치한 두 어드레스 N32와 N36사이의 프로그램부분을 떼어내서 완성홈형상 프로그램을 저장하기 위한 RAM(7)의 제3존(72)에 기억시킨다. 이 작업이 끝나고 나면 완성형상의 예비성형프로그램에 있는 N33에서 N36까지의 명령이 삭제된다. 이와 마찬가지로 마이크로프러세서(5)는 Z축 방향의 홈에 대하여서도 존(71)의 내용을 탐지하여

과 같은 어떤

값이 있는지_P5

에 선행하는

중에서 최대값을 찾는다.Finally, the microprocessor

Of the X ₁ values preceding the value of

Find a value equal to or greater than. In the example of the above program, X ₁ corresponds to X _P9 . The microprocessor then removes the program portion between the two addresses N32 and N36 where the values of X _P13 and X _P9 are located and stores it in the third zone 72 of the RAM 7 for storing the completed groove shape program. . After this is done, the commands from N33 to N36 in the preform of the finished configuration are deleted. Similarly, the microprocessor 5 detects the contents of the zone 71 even in the Z-axis groove.

Something like

_P5 has a value

Preceded by

Find the maximum value.

보다 크거나 같은 Z_n이 위치한 어드레스를 찾는다. 상기 프로그램에서 이 어드레스는 N38이다. 그리고나서 마이크로프로세서는 완성형상의 프로그램중에서 어드레스 N39와 N42 사이의 명령을 삭제하고, 삭제된 명령을 RAM(7)의 존에 기억시킨다.This value in the program is Z _P3 located at address N42. Finally, the microprocessor

Find the address where Z _n is greater than or equal to. In the program, this address is N38. The microprocessor then deletes the instructions between addresses N39 and N42 in the completed program and stores the deleted instructions in the zone of the RAM 7.

The fourth zone 73 of the RAM stores a new completed shape program in which the groove portion is deleted. Once this is done, the microprocessor relays the I value along the X axis and the K value along the Z axis, starting with the new shape of the memory zone 73 where the groove is removed, while each memory including the Z value. The K value is added to the word, and the I value is also added to the memory word including the X value. Finally, the microprocessor calculates a coordinate point indicating the movement path of the tool from the newly relayed completed shape table stored in the fifth zone 74 and sends the coordinate value to the electronic card 3 as a coupler. Servo control the machine. In the case of preforming parallel to the Z-axis, the microprocessor uses its built-in software to determine the final coordinate point preceding the change of the incomplete shape ΔX, and the tool from the stop positions X ₀ , Z ₀ . Command to move to coordinate point B (figure 2).

The microprocessor calculates coordinate points X ₁ and Z ₁ along the straight line BC. The change amount ΔX at this coordinate point is equal to the cutting depth set by the program. Then micropro _{1 1 1 1 1 a + h}

The tool thus rises to the coordinate points X _A + I, Z _a + K and moves toward the new change amount ΔX, i.e. coordinate points X ₂ , Z ₂ corresponding to the cutting depth P via the coordinate point B. The tool then moves from coordinate point X ₂ , Z ₂ to coordinate point X ₂ , Z _P2 + K, then climbs to coordinate point X _P2 + I, Z _P2 + K and goes to X _P2 + I, Z _a + K . Finally, the tool rises to the coordinate point X ₁ , Z _a + K and then turns towards the incomplete shape and returns to the next starting position X ₃ , Z ₃ along the straight line BC. The movement cycle of this tool continues until the tool reaches coordinate points X _e and Z _e .

As can be seen from the above description, the tool starts work according to the incomplete shape data by the microprocessor and processes the incomplete shape into the finished shape without waste of time due to unnecessary feedback movement. The machining method of the present invention saves the time required for the tool to move in the hatched portion of the drawing, compared to the conventional machining method that uses the shape of the cylindrical portion as an incomplete shape. The movement of such a tool is particularly disadvantageous when it is influenced by the cutting direction. In addition, in the completed shape, since the groove is deleted, the tool 13 having the single cutting edge 14 of the type shown in FIG. 2 is used, but moves in the cutting direction as shown in the drawing.

These tools have a greater strength and cutting capacity than double-edged tools, which not only increase the cutting depth of the workpiece, but also allow rapid preforming. And example of finished shape

The command format of the grooving cycle is as follows.

Format: G65 N1 N2 1 P or R X or Z I K F S N1 and N2 are two complete skins on both sides of the groove. A is the penetration angle for machining (penetration is at program speed F). P or R is the depth of cut in the X or Z direction. F and S are the feed rate of the tool and the rotational speed of the spindle.

Sequences N1-N2 determine the part to be processed. N1-N2: Machine the left side of downward straight line A N2-N1: The machined right side of downward straight line A Then, after the preforming program of the groove with the groove removed, the programmer adds the following statement. N180 G65, P ₁₂ -P ₉ , A, P, Z _P9 , K, F, S. N190: Tool change command N200 G65, P ₉ -P ₁₂ , A, P, Z _P12 K, F, S.

The microprocessor operates the software and uses the groove shape stored in the second zone 72 of the memory 7 to control the movement of the tool as shown in FIG. It is lowered along), and the cutting depth P is cut until the mimic shape 41 is reached. The tool then returns to its original position along straight line 40 and then starts a second cut 2.

This machining and operation is repeated as described above, and the tool cuts completely, leaving only the extra thickness 50 of FIG. 5 that does not belong to the finished shape.

The microprocessor then commands the tool change and executes a preforming cycle that cuts the right side of the groove with the tool with the right cutting edge. The machining process is as described above, only the cutting direction is changed. The microprocessor uses the mimic shape 51 and the straight line to calculate the movement and control amount of the tool. FIG. 52 is a completed shape, and the hatched part 53 shows the part which has not completed processing yet.

Although the above description relates to the processing of the groove formed along the X-direction, the processing method is also the same with respect to the groove formed in the Z-direction. 4 and 5 exemplify simple grooves. If one wishes to machine a complex shaped groove consisting of a plurality of recesses as shown in Fig. 6, the programmer will have to program a machining method suitable for the shape of such a groove. The microprocessor starts cutting the left portion of the downward straight line configured as two recesses 61 and 63 to machine the recess 61 except for the recess 63.

The microprocessor then processes the right portion, which consists of the recesses 61 and 64, except for the recess 64. Thus, simple recesses 63 and 64, which are excluded from the processing, are processed in the same manner as described above.

When the downward straight line extends inwardly of the recess 63, the left portion of the recess 61 and the recess 63 is processed simultaneously, and then the right portion of the recess 62 and the recess 63 is processed. In this case, the machining program of the recessed part 64 should be prepared separately.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be modified in various other forms.

Claims (5)

Shape processing method comprising the following steps: (a) storing the first program on the finished shape in the first storage means (b) storing the second program on the unfinished shape in the second storage means (C) find a program on the shape of the groove among the first programs on the finished shape; (d) store the program on the shape of the groove in a third storage means; and (e) the first program on the finished shape. The program relating to the shape of the groove is erased to take a third program relating to the purely completed shape in which the program related to the shape of the groove is erased. (F) The third program is stored in the fourth storage means. The preliminary shape of the net complete shape without the groove part while transferring the tool along the continuous path between the second program for and the coordinates provided from the third program about the net shape. And processing (a) by processing a pre-form of the pure finished shape using the program on the shape of the grooves stored in the third memory means of the process forming the groove by forming a finished shape. 2. The shape processing method according to claim 1, wherein the following digital control is performed while processing a groove having a complicated shape composed of a plurality of recesses. (A) Reproducing the program relating to the shape of the groove stored in the third storage means to determine whether the position of the groove is on the left side or the right side of the downward straight line, and (B) Among the portions of the groove located on the left or right side of the downward straight line. Digital control for converting a groove of a complex shape into a simple groove by deleting one, (c) processing a shape of the simple groove, and (d) repeating the above shape processing for another simple groove that was deleted. 6. The shape processing method according to claim 5, wherein the following digital control is performed while processing a groove having a complicated shape composed of a plurality of recesses. (A) Reproducing the program on the shape of the simple groove stored in the third storage means to determine the shape located on the right side of the downward straight line which is the path in which the tool descends, and at the same time, the left shape is stored in the storage means. While moving the tool with the right blade along the continuous machining path, machine the shape of the simple groove corresponding to the right side of the downward straight line until only the extra thickness in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction remains, and (c) Digital control which instructs to exchange with the next one, and then uses the tool to cut the shape of the groove on the left side of the straight line until only the extra thickness in the X-axis direction and Z-direction remains. Means for transferring the program defining the incomplete shape and the completed shape to the microprocessor 5 connected to the bus 4 so that the programs relating to the incomplete shape and the finished shape are addressed to the first RAMs 70 and 71, respectively. 6, 10, 11, 12, a second RAM (8) (9), which is connected to the bus (4) and is composed of parameters and software of the machine tool to be controlled, and a program for storing a program relating to the groove shape. Means for transmitting a control signal connected between the 3RAM 72, the fourth RAM 73 for storing programs related to pure completion except for programs related to the groove, and the bus 4 and the machine tool 1 to be controlled. Shape processing device consisting of. 8. The shape processing apparatus according to claim 7, characterized by comprising a fifth RAM (74) for storing a set value for setting a purely completed shape along the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction to a value defined by programming.

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