KR890002993B1 - Hot water boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

Structure of a boiler is improved so that the supply, the combustion and the disposal of ash are automatically accomplished. A coal is supplied by the reciprocating movement of a ram (2) from the hopper (1) of the boiler body (A). A removing plate (11) in the front of the roast gridiron (13) deals with clinker. An air duct (19) connects with a blower (18).

Description

Hot water boiler and automatic control device using solid coal

1 is a cross-sectional view of a solid coal hot water boiler showing the configuration of the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view of the partial cutaway as the front view of FIG.

3 is a functional state diagram of the present invention.

4 is a cross-sectional plan view of the present invention.

5 (a) and 5 (b) are control circuit diagrams of the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: Hopper 2: Ram

3: rod 4: shaft

5: rotation link 6: operation link

7: eccentric lever 8: slide plate

9: reciprocating link 10: lever

11: remover 12: resubmit

13: Rostol 14: Association

15: dust collection room 16: year

17: lid 18: blowing fan

19: ventilation pipe 20: bucket

21: blocking plate A: boiler body

S: combustion chamber W: water chamber

M: Motor W ₂ : Water Sensor

T _S : Temperature sensor AN: End gate

IN: Inverter OR: Orgate

IC: Comparator IC: Timer

IC ₇ : Counter T: Triac

LED: Optoelectronic Device VR: Variable Resistance

Q ₁ : Transistor R _y : Relay

P: Pump

The present invention relates to a hot water boiler using a solid fuel, such as granular coal, etc., in particular, the fuel is automatically supplied and ash processing is made automatically, and the operating time of the boiler by detecting the full state and temperature of the water chamber, etc. The present invention relates to a boiler and its control device that are efficiently controlled, maintained and supplied with constant hot water, and automated for safety.

As is well known, the solid fuel of granular coal has a lower fuel cost than oil, but since it cannot flow through a pipe like a fluid, it is not easy to supply continuous fuel, and remains rare after oxidation. The difficulty of reprocessing is inherent. Therefore, the construction of the automatic fuel-fueled boiler using the solid fuel is quite complicated mechanically and becomes very large in volume.

In addition, due to the heavy burden of manufacturing costs and frequent failure of many parts related to this, frequent failures are expected. This is not true. One of the reasons for the cost-effective operation of boilers is to use coal as the main fuel, and as with oil boilers, it would be desirable to have an automated system.

That is, as well as automating the continuous supply and ash processing of the solid fuel, as well as sensing the temperature in the water chamber, and the other hot water circulation pump is automatically operated by the control circuit it is necessary to adjust the water chamber temperature.

However, the conventional solid fuel boiler has a limitation in that only a part of the above requirements can be properly achieved, but has been attempted by a complicated structure.

In addition, in the temperature control in the chamber, a special metal that changes according to the temperature change senses the temperature in the chamber and operated the relay and the magnet switch by the transistor circuit.

In this method, malfunctions become frequent during long-term use, and there is only a warning device for low water level in the chamber, and there is no blocking device, so there is a risk of explosion and it is inconvenient to use.

The primary object of the present invention is to improve the structure so that it can be automatically fed, combusted and reprocessed using solid fuels, but achieved by means of simple components.

Another object of the present invention is to periodically operate the boiler automatically to save fuel and maintain the best state at all times.

Another object of the present invention is to maximize the thermal efficiency by allowing the amount of combustion heat to be almost absorbed in the water chamber to prevent heat loss to the maximum, and to quickly treat the temperature due to the outflow of hot water.

Still another object of the present invention is to completely stabilize the low water level by stopping the operation of the boiler while the signal of each load is interrupted when the boiler is not in full water.

As a feature of achieving the present invention as described above, the fuel is periodically supplied at a set time, and has a temperature adjustment control function so that all operations are automatically stopped when the temperature of the chamber is reached and the temperature is allowed. Detailed structures, operations, and effects are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is an internal configuration diagram of the boiler A according to the present invention, and is broadly divided into a fuel supply unit, a combustion unit, a reprocessing unit, a blower unit, and a control unit. The fuel supply unit has a ram (2) horizontally reciprocated at the bottom of the hopper (1) that can open the fuel inlet (11) to block the outflow of solid fuel in the hopper (1) or to reduce the flow rate of the combustion chamber (S) To be transferred. The rod 2 is connected to the ram 2, and the rod 3 is connected to the rotary link 5 installed on the shaft 4, and an eccentric lever of the operation link 6 and the motor M at the bottom thereof. Connected to (7). Accordingly, when the motor M rotates, the operation link 6 is reciprocated by the eccentric lever 7, and the rotary link 5 connected thereto rotates about the shaft 4 to include the rod 3 on the upper portion thereof. The ram 2 is moved forward and backward on the slide plate 8. The motor (M) is a DC motor using a permanent magnet as a field, and the motor shaft is always designed to automatically stop at the initial position even if it is turned off during operation.

Therefore, when the power is temporarily applied by the timer as described below, the ram 2 as shown in FIG. 1 retreats by the motor M, and at the same time, a certain amount of fuel flows out of the hopper 1, and a restoring function is performed. When the ram (2) is pushed into the stall (13) of the outflow amount by the motor (M) equipped with a flow rate so that the supply of solid fuel every time the motor (M) is periodically operated.

Along with this operation, the function of the reprocessing unit is also performed at the same time. A grand reciprocating link 9 is connected to the lower end of the rotary link 5, and a lever 10 is connected to the front end thereof with the re-removal plate 11. It is supposed to rotate.

That is, as described above, when the motor M is operated for one stroke, the reciprocating link 9 is pulled to rotate the removal plate 11 including the lever 10 and then burned on the rostol 13. In order to prevent the clinkered mass from being pushed toward the removal plate 11 with the introduction of new fuel, and to prevent the accumulation of such agglomeration, the removal plate 11 lightly impacts the cleared mass and the lower recurrence plate 12 Will be reduced to).

This operation is simultaneously performed by the motor M at the same time as the ram 2 forward and backward operations of the fuel supply unit. (See Fig. 3)

The combustion part occupies a large part of the boiler body A, and forms the combustion chamber S and the water chamber W. As shown in FIG. The rostol 13 extends from the slide plate 8 and is positioned at the center of the combustion chamber S. The main wall of the combustion chamber is configured to be discharged from the upper water chamber W so as to absorb a high amount of heat, and the upper portion of the combustion chamber S, that is, the water chamber ( In the central portion of W), the first tube 14 is installed to pass through the water chamber W and then to the dust collecting chamber 15, so that the exhaust gas of the combustion chamber S passes through the first tube 14. While the heat exchange with the water in the water chamber (W) is heated to the water and then flows to the second tube (14 ') through the dust collecting chamber 15 is discharged to the flue (16).

The coil tube 22 is heat exchanged with the main surface of the dust collecting chamber 15 to exchange heat with hot water inside the upper lid 17, and the lid 17 can be opened and closed, so that internal cleaning and dust removal are possible. .

On the other hand, the blowing unit is connected to the bucket 20 is a funnel type on the bottom surface of the roll stall 13 is equipped with a blowing fan 18 in the middle of the lower portion of the roll stall 13, the bottom of the bucket 20 The blocking plate 21 is opened by the gravity of the weight.

That is, the heavy weight 21 'is formed behind one side of one point, and it closes naturally after processing ash. Therefore, when the blower fan 18 is driven, the air diffused into the bucket 20 through the blower tube 10 is supplied to the air distribution hole 13 'of the rostol 13 to smoothly burn the combustion on the rostol 13. It also helps to facilitate the emission of exhaust gas.

A small amount of bonsai falling into the bucket 20 through the air distribution hole 13 ′ of the rostol 13 at the time of combustion is accumulated on the blocking plate 21, but the blower fan 18 once a day or for a long time. When it is stopped, it is possible to remove the bonsai by opening the blocking plate 21. At this time, after removing so that the air of the blowing fan 18 is not blown to the ash tray 12, the blocking plate is naturally formed by the weight 21 '. Will be closed.

The electronic control circuit provided to control the mechanical configuration as described above is the same as the fifth (a) and the fifth (b), and the periodic state of the full water state and the temperature state motor W in the water chamber W It is designed to automatically detect and control the operation, driving of the blower 18, and the like. That is, the photoelectric element D ₃ through a comparator IC ₁ (IC ₄ ), an AND gate (AN 1) (AN 2), and an inverter (IN ₆ ) to a water sensor (W ₃ ) for detecting the presence of full water in the water chamber (W). (D ₃ ) is connected to the gate shaft of the triac (T ₁ ) to control the blower fan 18, and the temperature sensor (Ts) for sensing the temperature of the water chamber (W) to the comparator (IC ₃ ) ( IC ₅ ), and is connected to an input terminal AN of the AND gate AN ₁ through an OR gate OR ₁ .

The photoelectric device (D ₂ ) (Q ₂ ) is connected to the gate side of the triac (T ₂ ) for controlling the pump motor through the delay time (IC ₆ ) and the inverter (IN ₅ ). Configure. In addition, the counter in the timer _{IC (IC 1) (IC 7} ) , and a timer connected to the IC (IC ₈₎ and via the AND gate (AN ₃₎ (AN ₄₎ and an inverter (IN ₂₎ to the output of said counter (IC ₇₎ connecting the display device (LED ₂₎ coupled to the timer IC (IC _8), and displays the anhydride (無水) state through a timer IC (IC ₆₎ and of the counter (IC7) and the timer IC (IC ₈₎ The control circuit is connected to the output terminal 3 by connecting the reprocessing driving relay R _y through the transistor Q ₁ , and through the inverter IN ₁ by connecting the light emitting device LED ₁ indicating the reprocessing state. Is composed. When explaining the control function of such a circuit, if the water supply tank in the boiler is not full, the power supply to each load (blower, circulation pump, reprocessing motor) will be cut off, and each load will be in a stopped state. Will be deactivated to perform the action for the low water level.

On the other hand, the signal loaded by the temperature detector Ts is passed through the comparator IC ₃ , and then through the comparators IC ₄ and IC ₅ connected in parallel with the set value of the variable resistance VR for temperature adjustment. The signals are compared.

At this time, the output terminal signal of the comparator IC ₄ goes low at a temperature lower than the set value of the variable resistor VR for temperature adjustment, and then continues to appear low through the AND gate AN ₁ (AN ₂ ). The low signal is converted into a high signal via (IC ₆ ) to conduct the photoelectric element (D ₃ ) (Q ₃ ) to apply a pulse signal to the gate side of the triac (T ₁ ), so that the blower fan motor (FAN) The blower is operated by turning on the power.

At this time, the circulating pump blocks the triac (T ₂ ) because the high signal output from the delay timer IC (IC ₈ ) is converted into a low signal through the inverter (IN ₅ ) and the photoelectric device (D ₃₂ ) (Q ₂ ) is blocked. Therefore, the circulation pump (pump) is not operated, so the temperature in the boiler is lowered.

If the temperature of the variable resistor VR is higher than the set value of the temperature regulating resistor VR, the output terminal signal of the comparator IC ₄ becomes high and continues to appear high through the AND gate AN ₁ (AN ₂ ). Since the signal is converted into a low signal through the inverter IN ₆ and the photoelectric element D ₃ (D ₃ ) is not conducting, the triac T ₁ is also not conducting and the blower fan motor FAN is not started. On the contrary, the circulating pump is operated to lower the temperature of the boiler.

On the other hand, the operation of the reprocessing and the new feed grenade supply motor causes a signal before conduction of the blower motor driving triac (T ₁ ) to operate in conjunction with the timer IC (IC ₁ ), so that the timer when the blower is operated The IC IC ₁ and the counter IC ₇ are operated so that the time is checked so that the timer IC ₁ and the counter IC ₇ are operated when the blower is operated.

If the blower is not operating, the timer IC is operated only within a memory element (IC ₁₎ and a counter (IC _7), a timer IC (IC ₁₎ and a counter (IC ₇₎ is stopped operating.

That is, the fire treatment timer IC ₁ operates only while the blower is operating to count the time, and when the set time has elapsed, a high signal is output to the output terminal ③ of the delay timer IC ₁ . Since Q ₁ ) is turned on, the relay Ry is driven so that its contact point S ₁ is turned on, so that the ash processing DC motor M is driven.

Claims (7)

Hopper 1 in the fuselage A of the boiler is installed, and has a fuel supply unit of a horizontal movement type in which the ram 2 performs a reciprocating stroke according to the periodic driving of the motor M. At the distal end of the rostol 13, the removal plate 11 addresses the reprocessing unit for removing the crank, and is perpendicular to the circumferential wall and the upper portion of the combustion chamber S including the rostol 13 stored in the slide plate 8. The associated air chamber W is formed, and a blower including a bucket 20 at the bottom of the rostol 13 and a blower tube 19 connecting the blower fan 18 is formed to form the fuel supply unit and the ash of the unit. Hot water boiler using solid coal, characterized in that the processing unit, the blowing unit is composed of a mutual combination in the boiler body. The method of claim 1. The fuel supply unit has a rod 3 connected to the ram 2 which reciprocates on the lower end of the hopper 1 and the slide plate 8, and the rod 3 is connected to the rotary link 5 to connect the DC motor. When the eccentric lever 7 rotated by (M) operates the operation link 6 back and forth, the rotary link 5 rotates about the shaft 4 to move the ram 2 forward and backward. Hot water boiler using plate. According to claim 1, the reprocessing unit is a reciprocating link (9) is connected to the lower end of the rotary link 5, the removal plate 11 when the lever 10 connected to the other end thereof is driven by the reciprocating link (9) The hot water boiler using the solid coal which was made to fall to the lower backrest 12, contacting the clinker pushed on the rostol 13 by this rotation. The combustion chamber (S) extends horizontally from the slide plate (8), and a water chamber (W) extending from the upper water chamber (W) is positioned on the circumferential wall of the combustion chamber (S). The hot water boiler using a solid coal connected to the dust collecting chamber (15) through the first plumb (14) vertically penetrating the water chamber, and then connected to the flue (16) through the second plumbing. According to claim 1, wherein the air of the blowing fan (18) is secured in the funnel-shaped bucket (20) through the blower pipe (19) and evenly supplied to the air distribution hole (13 ') of the rostol (13), On the bottom thereof, a hot water boiler using solid coal in which a bonsai board blocking plate 21 is opened and closed by a rear weight 21 '. When the water temperature in the water chamber (W) inside the boiler is lower than the set temperature, the comparator (IC4) and AND gate (AN1) (AN2) output stage signals are turned low, and the photoelectric elements (D3) (Q3) and Since the triac T1 is conducted, the blower fan motor FAN is connected and operated, and a high signal is transmitted to the delay timer IC IC6 via the inverter IN5 and the light source elements D2 Q2 and the triac T2) is a non-conducting hot water boiler using a solid coal, characterized in that the circulation pump (P) is configured to stop the operation, and alternatingly performing the operation to automatically control the temperature and water supply in the boiler. The timer IC IC1 and the counter IC7 operate when the blower is operated to check the time, and only the memory elements in the timer ICIC1 and the counter IC7 are operated when the blower is not operated. Hot water boiler using solid coal which stops operation of timer IC (IC1) and counter (IC7).

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