KR860001326A - 가스 냉동방법 및 장치 - Google Patents

가스 냉동방법 및 장치 Download PDF

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KR860001326A
KR860001326A KR1019850005197A KR850005197A KR860001326A KR 860001326 A KR860001326 A KR 860001326A KR 1019850005197 A KR1019850005197 A KR 1019850005197A KR 850005197 A KR850005197 A KR 850005197A KR 860001326 A KR860001326 A KR 860001326A
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permanent gas
working fluid
temperature
gas stream
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KR940000733B1 (ko
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마샬 존 (외 1)
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원본미기재
더 비오씨 그룹 퍼블릭 리미티드 캄파니
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/10—Mathematical formulae, modeling, plot or curves; Design methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
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  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
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Abstract

내용 없음

Description

가스 냉동방법 및 장치
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제1도는 본 발명에 따른 진소액화공장의 일부를 설명하는 공정도.
제2도는 질소의 온도 대 엔탈피 그래표.
제3도는 제1도에 제시된 공장의 도표.
제4도는 질소액화를 위한 실시예 공장의도표.
제5도는 각 압력하에서의 질소에 대한 비열-온도 커브를 표시하는 그래표.

Claims (18)

  1. 영구가스 스트림을 액화하는 방법으로서, 승합된 상태의 영구 가스 스트림의 온도를 그의 임계온도이하로 강하시키는 과정을 포함하고, 영구가스의 온도를 그의 임계온도 이하로 강하시키기 위하여 필요한 냉동의 최소한 일부를 제공하는 최소한 2개의 작동유체 싸이클을 수행하고, 각 작동유체 싸이클은 작동유체를 압축하고, 그것을 냉각하고, 냉각된 작동유체를 열팽창하고, 영구가수 스트림 및 냉각되는 작동유체와 카운트 플로우(count flow)열교환하여 열팽창한 작동유체를 가열하는 , 영구가스 스트림을 위하여 제공되는 냉동으로서 최소한 작동유체 싸이클을 포함하고, 열팽창된 작옹유체가 영구가스 스트림과 카운트 플로우 열교환되는 과정을 포함하며, 그리고 각 싸이클에서 열팽창의 완료시에는 작동유체는 최소한 10기압의압력이 됨을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  2. 청구범위 제1항에서, 압력이 12내지 20기압의 범위에 있음을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  3. 청구범위 제2항에서, 열팽창이 완료된 때의 작동유체의 온도가 그 압력에서 포화온도이거나 포화온도보다 2K 이상 높지 않음을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  4. 청구범위 제1항 및 제2항에서, 그의 임계온도 이하에 있는 영구가스 스트림을 최소한 3개의 계속적인 동엔탈피 팽창에 주입하며; 각 동엔탈피 팽층후에 발생되는 후레쉬 가스는 액체로부터 분리도며, 각동엔탈피 팽창으로 부터의 액체는 끝까지 남아서 계속되는 다음단계의 동엔탈피 팽창으로 팽창되는 유체가되며, 그리고 최소한 후레쉬 가스의 얼마는 전술한 영구가스 스트림과 열교환됨을 특징으로 하는 영구 가스 액화방법.
  5. 청구범위 제3항에 3,4, 혹은 5의 계속적 동엔탈피 팽창이 이름을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  6. 청구범위 제3항 또는 제4항에서,후레쉬 가스의최소한 얼마가, 열팽창한 작동유체가 전술한 영구가스 스트림과 열교환관계에 놓이는 온도보다 낮은 영구가스 온도의, 전술한 영구가스 스트림과 열교환 관계에 놓임을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  7. 청구범위 제3항 내지 제5항의어느항에서, 제1동 엔탈피 팽창이 107 내지 117K의 온도 범위의영구가스 스트림으로 이루어지고 영구가스는 질소임을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  8. 전항들중 어느 항에서, 영구가스의 임계온도 이상의 열팽창한 작동유체를 생산하는 최소한 하나의 작동유체 싸이클에서, 작동유체가 영구가스의 임계온도 이상의 온도에서 영구가스 스트림과 열교환 관계에 놓임을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  9. 청구범위 제8항에서, 최소한 하나의 작동유체 싸이클에서 작동유체가, 실온 또는 실온근처의 영구가스 스트림을 135 내지 180K의 범위의 온도로 냉각시킴을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  10. 청구범위 제8항 또는 제9항에서, 영구가스 스트림이 최소한 하나의 냉동제로 열교환되어 냉각됨을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  11. 청구범위 제10항에서, 냉동제의 최소한의 스트림이 냉동가스를 실온 또는 실온 근처에서 210K로 냉각시킴을 특징으로 하는 액화방법.
  12. 전항들의 어느한 항에서, 작동유체가 영구가스임을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  13. 청구범위 제12항에서, 작동유체가 냉각되는 영구가스 스트림에서 취해져 압축됨을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  14. 전항들중 어느 한항에서, 영구가스 스트림이 45기압 또는 그 이하로 공급되고 3개의 동유체 싸이클을 사용함을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  15. 청구범위 제1항 내지 제13항의 어느한 항에서, 영구가스 스트림은 45기압이상의 압력에서 공급되고 2개의 동유체 싸이클이 사용됨을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  16. 전항들중 어느 한항에서, 영구가스 스트림의 임계온도 이하의 온도의 영구가스 스트림고 열팽창한 작동유체를 열교환 관계로 만드는, 작동유체 싸이클에서 열팽창한 작동유체는 이러한 스트림을 실온 또는 실온 가까운 온도에서 110 내지 118범위의 온도로 냉각시킴을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  17. 제1도 및 제3도 또는 제4도에 설명된 바와 같이 실제로 영구가스 스트림을 액화함을 특징으로 하는 영구가스 액화방법.
  18. ※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
KR1019850005197A 1984-07-24 1985-07-20 영구가스 스트림(stream) 액화방법 KR940000733B1 (ko)

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ATE62992T1 (de) 1991-05-15
AU4527885A (en) 1986-01-30
IE56675B1 (en) 1991-10-23
ZA855160B (en) 1986-03-26
IN164952B (ko) 1989-07-15
JPH0792323B2 (ja) 1995-10-09
CA1262433A (en) 1989-10-24
EP0171952A1 (en) 1986-02-19
CN1009951B (zh) 1990-10-10
IE851844L (en) 1986-01-24
JPS61105087A (ja) 1986-05-23
KR940000733B1 (ko) 1994-01-28
GB8418840D0 (en) 1984-08-30
EP0171952B1 (en) 1991-04-24
GB2162298B (en) 1988-01-27
AU584106B2 (en) 1989-05-18
US4638639A (en) 1987-01-27
DE3582628D1 (de) 1991-05-29
GB8518533D0 (en) 1985-08-29
GB2162298A (en) 1986-01-29

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