KR840000753B1 - Method for processing organic materials - Google Patents

Abstract

Organic material in a collective form is treated in a vertical heating chamber. The feed material introduced is transported along the vertical part of the chamber by means of vibrational operation, and the internal oxgen amt. is regulated by the partial shut-off of the air supply. Volatile components are evaporized to flue gas under a specified temp. and the partial flue gas is recycled to the combustion step to heat the chamber. The improved treating system can be applied to the production of high-carbon-content material from various kinds of caronaceous material.

Description

Organic material treatment method

1 is a schematic front view of an apparatus for carrying out the invention consisting of a heating and cooling apparatus.

2 is a schematic diagram of a heating apparatus of the present invention with gas flow, plumbing fixtures and controls.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the heating apparatus of the present invention showing the heating portion of the FIG.

4 is a cross-sectional view of a cooling device for carrying out the present invention.

5 is a cross sectional view along line 5-5 of FIG.

6 is a vertical section view of the vibrating conveyor portion in the third and fifth degree arrangements.

FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view along line 7-7 of FIG. 3, similar to FIG.

8 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of a conveyor tray of an apparatus for carrying out the invention, showing the movement of material.

9 is a schematic diagram showing another example of use of the apparatus for carrying out the present invention.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the treatment of various organic materials or organic matter-containing materials, and in particular to a method for heating and treating them very effectively and energy saving under controlled conditions in order to convert them into more useful states.

Thus far, various apparatuses for treating materials have been proposed in which the materials are supplied in a batch or continuously to a retort, ie a heating vessel. Carbonization of various organic materials, including, for example, conversion of various organic materials to charcoal, has been performed so far in drums or cylindrical retorts of the type in which the main axis of the retort is arranged at an angle horizontally or horizontally.

In general, one of two main techniques has been used in conventional installations to transfer material past a retort, ie a vessel, when heated. In the first method, screws, augers, worms or other conventional mechanical conveyors are used to physically transport the material along the length of the retort, and in other types of installations the retort itself can rotate on the rollers. And vanes or other protrusions in the retort are used to transport material in the retort during retort rotation, in the manner of a cement mixer. Both of these facilities have a number of disadvantages, including mechanical complexity and the use of complex and expensive machinery.

Despite the undesirable structure of such cumbersome, complex and frequent maintenance of mechanical installations, it is difficult to provide sufficient processing length in the confined space within the retort to fully expose the material to be heated to heat as the material moves through the retort. . Moreover, due to the fact that even a small amount of material is not exposed to the heated state by the agglomeration of the material, it is extremely difficult to expose the material to be treated completely and uniformly in the heated state in a conventional apparatus, Due to hot spots or temperature gradients, some of the material may be exposed to a different temperature than other parts of the material, thus making the process uneven and heterogeneous in the material.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved method for treating organic and inorganic materials by heating.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a new method for treating various organic materials or organic matter-containing materials in more useful forms such as carbon, charcoal, coke, carbon black or in the gas phase.

Another object of the present invention is wood or other material lignocellulosic material, including wood waste, wood chips, sawdust, wood dust, bark, large rice, wood pellets, and sugar cane Various organisms including wastes, grasses, various cuttings, crops and crop waste, coffee seeds, leaves, straw, seeds, shells, pods, stalks, pods, cobs, animal manure It provides a method for producing very good charcoal or carbon from quality.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating organic and inorganic materials in the form of aggregates, sections, particles, dust, sheets, powders, flakes, thick pieces, and the like.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method which can be used to obtain various industrial fuels, including the low or high calorific gases useful as industrial fuels, from the forest products or biomass described above.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for converting a piece of rubber tire to carbon black or other high carbon material.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating charcoal to obtain activated charcoal.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing cous from coal.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method useful for gasifying coal.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for extracting kerosene, ie, organic oil generating material from oil shale, or bitumen from oil sand.

Another object of the present invention is to use a fixed processing chamber and to perform the processing of the processing chamber vertically, without the use of conventional rotary shafts, screws and augers, and without the use of complex and expensive machinery requiring frequent maintenance. To provide a way to do this.

Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.

1 shows an apparatus 11 for carrying out the process of the invention in which the organic material is treated in a more useful state by heating to convert the volatile hydrocarbon material into the gas phase. The apparatus 11 has a cylindrical heating device 12, and below the heating device, a combustion chamber 14 that uses a combustible fuel gas as fuel is disposed. Various organic substances (or inorganic substances) are supplied to the heating device 12 by a supply chute 15 in the form of aggregates such as chips, small pieces, kernel pieces, fine particles, dust, labor, thin pieces, thick pieces, and the like. Supplied. The feed ramp 15 is connected to a suitable hopper, canister, or ordinary conveyor for transferring the aggregate to the ramp 15 so that it can be processed by the heater 12.

In the heating apparatus 12, a heating chamber 17 (FIG. 2) is provided, which will be described later in detail.

The materials fed through the feed ramp 15 are processed vertically in the heating chamber 17 and then fed through a transfer ramp 18 from the top of the heater to a point at the bottom of the chiller 20. The cooling chamber 20 is provided with the cooling chamber 21.

In the cooling chamber, the materials are cooled in the closed state of the cooling chamber 21 while being transported vertically upward in the cooling chamber by a facility similar to that used in the heater 11. The cooled material is discharged by the discharge ramp 23, which feeds the material to a conventional conveyor or a suitable hopper for storage or subsequent processing. The cooling device 20 is supported by a suitable platform 24 so that the height of the cooling device coincides with the height of the heating device 11. The treated hot materials, which are fed to the chiller by the ramp 23 through the viewing port 22 of the front wall of the chiller 20, can be observed.

In general, the heating device 12 and the cooling device 20 each have a vibrating conveyor, which together with the vibrating conveyor protrudes upwards out of the devices and has a metal column 26 with flanges 29 and 30. , 27). The flanges are suspended on platform 32 and 33, and vibration devices 35 and 36 are mounted on the platform, respectively. The vibration devices 35 and 36 are identical to each other and have a pair of electric motors 38 and 38 'mounted on both sides of the support structures 39 and 40 of the conveyor, respectively. The motors extend upwards from the platform to impart vibrations to the platform about the vertical axis of the struts 26 and 27.

The platform foams 32 and 33 are each supported elastically by springs 42 on brackets 43 supported at both ends by suitable beams 45. The beam is located between the struts 46 and 47. However, the weight of each of the vibrators 35 and 36 is supported by the beam and strut structure, rather than by the respective heating and cooling devices 12 and 20, and vibrates freely with respect to the strut and beam structure.

Appropriate AC power is supplied from the normal AC power line to the electric motors 38, 38 'of the vibrators 35, 36. The switching of the power is regulated by the power control means 49. The power control means may be a conventional switch gear for regulating power to either or both of the vibrators 35 and 36 or the electric motors 38 and 38 '.

The heating chamber 17 has a structure for regulating the amount of oxygen contained therein and is closed to prevent combustion air from being introduced therein. For this purpose, the supply ramp 15 is provided with a control valve 51 for closing the air passage leading to the ramp to prevent the air from entering the heating chamber, as shown. There is a similar control 51 for closing.

While heating the material in the heating chamber 17, the volatile components of the organic material supplied through the ramp 15 are discharged by the heat supplied to the heating chamber by combustion in the combustion chamber 14. Such volatile components are extracted to hot off gas through conduit 52. Conduit 52 is connected to another conduit 54 via valve 53. Conduit 54 is also through the atmosphere to simply exhaust the exhaust gas into the atmosphere as needed. However, it is more preferred that conduit 54 is connected to a conventional combustor 55 (FIG. 2) to oint its exhaust gases.

A conduit 57 is also connected to the conduit 52, which delivers volatile components to a fan 59 for pressurizing the exhaust gases. (Figure 2). The pressurized gases are supplied to the combustion chamber 14 through the nozzle 62 by the conduit 60. Thus, the exhaust gases are used as fuel gas which can be combusted in the combustion chamber 14 to continue heating the materials in the heating chamber 17.

In FIG. 2, an annular space 64 is provided around the heating chamber 17, so that the heat gas emitted from the combustion chamber 14 is sent to the periphery of the heating chamber. It can be seen that it passes through the flue 65 and is released into the atmosphere. This is done as the material is sent to the heating chamber 17 as indicated by the arrow, heated up, heated and then released.

In order to supply pressurized air and combustible gas fuel to the combustion chamber 14, it is preferable to use the usual burner 66. Although the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber 17 is used to assist combustion in the combustion chamber, LP, oil, heat propane gas may be used for supplemental heating.

For this purpose, conduits 67 and valves 68 in the heating chamber are used to supply LP or propane gas through the burner nozzle 70. Air is supplied to the fan 73 through the conduit 72 and under pressure to the air box 76 of the burner 66 through another conduit 74. The air is then supplied to the combustion chamber 14 under pressure through a burner 77 disposed around the nozzle 62 or 70 and extending into the combustion chamber 14. The arrangement of the nozzles 62 and 70 is illustrated in FIG. 1, in which the nozzle 70 is supported by a bracket 79 extending outward from the combustion chamber 14.

The hot fuel gas supplied by the fan 59 through the conduit 60 is discharged directly by the nozzle 62 and combusted in the combustion chamber 14. However, some types of organic materials, when processed in accordance with the present invention, produce fuel gases with a low amount of heat sufficient to allow more gas to be formed in the combustion chamber 14 than can be effectively combusted. Thus, another conduit 81 is provided which is connected to the conduit 60 which receives hot pressurized fuel gas from the top of the heating chamber 17. The conduit 81 is used at least for the hot fuel gas for subsequent processing such as storage or for the treatment to remove certain components before it is burned and used for heating in the auxiliary, or for condensation and for other purposes. It has a valve 82 that is open to discharge a portion. The conduit 81 and the combustor 55 are connected to another conduit 84, which is open when the pressure in the conduit 81 becomes excessive so that the conduit 81 and the combustor 55 are connected. It has a pressure relief valve 85 to communicate with. Depending on the type of organic material heated in the heating chamber 17, various low or high calorific values of fuel gases may consist of exhaust gases emitted upon volatilization of the organic material component being heated. When the material consists of wood or various other cellulose or wood cellulose, upon heating the material, various wood gases, including methane, aldehydes, formic acid, formaldehyde, ethylene, propylene, butylene, carbon dioxide Many different kinds of condensable and non-condensable gases are emitted, including carbon monoxide, hydrogen, other compositions and fractions.

In addition, upon heating wood and various other organic materials, water vapor is present in the off-gas and the water vapor can be easily condensed or separated from the gas stream.

3 shows details of the heating device 12 and the vibratory conveyor equipment installed therein. In particular, a spiral vibration conveyor 87 is provided in the heating chamber 17. The conveyor has a number of turns 88 consisting of a continuous spiral tray 90 of steel, various alloys, or preferably stainless steel. The tray 90 has a lip formed around its outer edge (91), and the entire tray 90 is spirally circumscribed around the support 26 and is mounted on the support. The strut 26 has a hollow cylindrical shape and extends downward from the flange 29 (FIG. 6). The flange 29 is mounted below the platform 24, and the vibration device 35 is mounted on the flange. The strut 26 extends downward over the entire vertical length of the heating chamber 17 but does not contact the bottom wall of the heating chamber, that is, the bottom 93. A large diameter tray 94 is provided at the lower end of the spiral conveyor 87 and is attached to the lower end of the strut 26. The supply ramp 15 has a tapered structure in which an end 96 extending over the lip 97 of the bottom tray 94 is provided in the heating chamber 17 so that the material is supplied to the tray 94. The tray 88 is spiraled upward from the bottom tray 94.

Similarly, the uppermost pivot 97 of the tray 90 is in communication with the inner end 99 of the ramp 101, and the ramp is in communication with the feed ramp 18. For this purpose (see FIG. 1), a housing 102 is provided at the upper end of the outer surface of the heating device 12 and a housing 103 extending therefrom and connected to the transport ramp 18. . The housing 103 has at its top a door, a hatch 106, which allows sampling of material flowing from the ramp 101 into the housing 103 for processing and measurement. An observation window 105 is provided for observing heated materials discharged to the ramp 18.

In a preferred example of the device, the spiral tray 90 has approximately 22 turns, the pitch of the tray being approximately 7 ° and its diameter approximately 2.5 feet. The diameter of the strut 26 is approximately one foot. When the diameter of the tray is 2.5 feet, the overall length of the tray 90 from the bottom to the top along the spiral passage is approximately 173 feet as measured along the length of the outer periphery of the tray. In addition, the diameter of the heating chamber 17 is relatively small, in the practical example of the present invention approximately 38 inches and the overall height of the spiral tray portion of the conveyor is slightly larger than 6 feet. In such an example, the lip 91 around the outer circumference of the spiral tray 88 is approximately 2 inches. Thus, the device is simplified, but even in such a small space, the length of movement of the material becomes very long, and the material is supplied to the conveyor 87 by the supply ramp 15 and discharged by the ramp 101 from the conveyor.

The heating chamber 17 has a vertical side wall 108 and has a cylindrical shape whose bottom part is completely closed by the convex bottom 93 of the heating chamber. Concentric in the cylindrical fireproof housing 111, an outer circumferential flange 109, which mounts the side wall 108 to the bottom 93, as a unitary unit 110, extends radially outward at the outer circumference of the side wall 108. It is. The housing 111 is formed by a cylindrical outer wall 113 and a concentric inner wall 114. The outer wall is preferably made of steel, and the inner wall 114 is made of steel or stainless steel. In addition, an appropriate refractory material 115 is arranged between the bricks.

The inner wall 114 extends vertically upward from the horizontal plate 117 forming the bottom of the combustion chamber 14, and the metal plate 118 closes the entire portion of the fireproof housing 111. A refractory material 120 is disposed between the plates 117 and 118. A cylindrical or rectangular outer wall 121 is disposed around the outside of the combustion chamber 14 and is positioned several inches away from the outer wall 113 to provide a relatively thick area 123 for the refractory material surrounding the combustion chamber 14. to provide.

Thus, it can be seen that an annular space 124 of several inches wide is disposed around the heating vessel 110 between the inner wall 114 of the fireproof housing 111 and the wall 108 of the heating vessel 110. The space is closed at the top by the flange 109 and the combustion chamber 14 is in communication with the annular space 124 so that the material is completely transferred when conveyed by the conveyor 87 in the heating vessel 110. In order to heat the heat gas flows upward from the combustion chamber around the heating vessel (110).

The flue 65 is in communication with the annular space 124 near the upper end thereof, so that the hot rising gas of a swirl shape is sucked upwardly around the heating vessel 110 in the combustion chamber 14 to discharge the flue 65. do. In order to enhance its aspiration, flue 65 is a stack 126 having a fan 127 mounted within the inner diameter ID of the stack 126 to provide forced suction of hot combustion gas. It may be in communication with.

The upper end of the fireproof housing 111 is closed by a horizontal inner plate 129 made of steel or stainless steel, which plate 129 effectively seals the upper end of the heating vessel 110 together with the housing inner wall 114. do. In addition, a horizontal outer flat plate 130 extends across the upper portion of the fireproof housing 111 and is spaced apart upwardly from the plate 129 and between the plates 129 and 130 is a refractory material 131. ) Is arranged. The outer wall 113 extends upwardly beyond the plate 130 to provide a flange 133 for receiving additional refractory material 134.

A facility for providing a seal between the upper end of the fireproof housing 111 and the conveyor support 26 is a collar 137 extending upwardly from the plate 130 concentrically with the support 26. And a well 136 disposed closely around the strut 26 and consisting of a sleeve 139 extending upwardly past the plate 130 between the plates 129 and 130. do,

The sand layer 140 is disposed in the well, and the flange 142 extends downward from the sand layer 140. The flange 142 is an extension of the collar 143 that is clamped to the outer periphery of the strut 26. Therefore, a relatively airtight seal is provided around the support 26 to prevent gas generated in the heating chamber 17 from escaping around the support 26. Instead the gases are aspirated through conduit 52 extending through fireproof housing walls 113 and 114 and through space 145 at the top of the conveyor.

A tube 147 extends between the outer wall 113 and the inner wall 114 of the fireproof housing 11, and a probe 148 of a thermometer or other temperature measuring device 150 extends within the tube. have. The probe has a temperature measuring section 151, which extends through a suitable hole in the wall 108 of the heating chamber and provides a spiral tray 87 for accurate temperature measurement in the heating chamber 17. It is located between two turning parts 88 of (). It is preferred that at least one such temperature measuring device 150 be arranged as shown in FIG. 3, but it is not possible for the temperature measuring device to be vertically above the conveyor 87 for temperature measurement at various locations along the length of the conveyor 87. Other temperature measuring devices may be similarly installed at the location.

The Kenvey plants for the heater 12 and the chiller 20 are virtually identical. Therefore, only the description of the conveyor 87 in the heating chamber 17 is sufficient to explain the same conveyor equipment in the cooling chamber 21. Similarly, the vibrators 35 and 36 are also identical to each other, and only the vibrator 35 located above the heating device 12 will be described. Thus, in FIG. 3, the support structure 39 is a rectangular box-shaped placed directly on the support 26 such that its support is coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the support 26, ie the centerline, as indicated by numeral 152. FIG. Consist of simple units.

Electric motors 38,38 ') are motor-weight vibration generators sold under the trademark "Syntron" at FMC Coporation, Homer, PA. Such motors used in the actual experiments of the present invention were each of two horsepower. Each such motor device has a pair of legs 154 and 155 extending radially outward from the cylindrical body 156. The legs are bolted to the plate 158 clamped to the angular surface 163 of the support structure 39 by bolt fixing clamp members 160, 161, so that the motor device is perpendicular to the shaft 152. It can be rotated on the extending axis 164.

The rate at which the materials are conveyed along the length of the conveyor tray 90 loosens the clamps 160, 161 and then by the appropriate amount to change the oscillating feed rate of the material between suitable maximum and minimum values. Can be changed by rotating. By changing the angles of the motor devices 38, 38 'in the manner described above, the time for moving the material from the bottom of the conveyor 87 to the top to be discharged by the ramp 101 is directly determined. Thus, the motor angle determines the processing time of the material in the heating chamber 17 and the cooling chamber 21.

The actual conveyance of the material is achieved by vibrating action on the axis 152 of the strut 26 by the respective motor devices 38, 38 'cooperating with each other. Thus, it can be seen that the purpose of the spring 42 is to impart vibration to the platform 24. In addition, since the sand layer 140 in the well 136 is disposed, a considerable amount of gas discharged in the heating chamber 17 is not discharged from the outer periphery of the support 26 and air is supplied to the heating chamber 17. Relative movement of the strut 26 relative to the tubular extension 139 extending between the plates 129 and 130 upon oscillation of the strut 26 without allowing it to enter is possible.

The vibratory action imparted to the pieces of material 166 carried by the conveyor 87 are shown in FIGS. 5-8. The distribution of the pieces of material on the single pivot 88 of the tray 90 is shown in FIG. 5, in which the pieces are evenly distributed across the surface of the tray 90. In FIG. 7, a piece 166 'of material entering the heating chamber 17 by the ramp 15 is deposited on a large diameter bottom tray 97. In FIG. Through vibrations imparted to the pieces of material by rotation about the axis 152 of the strut 26, the fifth and sixth pieces of material cross the surface of the tray perpendicular to the axis 152, ie horizontal. The pieces of material gradually vibrate upwards along the passageway of the tray 90 until uniformly distributed as shown in the figure. The vibratory motion imparted to the pieces of material causes the pieces to move along an irregular passage as shown in FIG. Also, when the material is in an amount sufficient to form a layer of material at a predetermined point on the tray, the pieces of material on the surface of the tray become irregular in the vertical direction so that the material is constantly rotated, stirred and vibrated. Therefore, the substances are completely exposed to the heating state in the heating chamber 17, so that the treatment of the substances is performed very uniformly. Thus, any given piece of material may be subject to conditions in the heating chamber 17 that are exactly the same as the other piece of material being processed. The same is true for the material conveyed through the cooling chamber 21.

In a practical experiment of the device, it was found that a two horsepower motor device 38,38 'is suitable for conveying 3000 pounds of material per hour through a heating or cooling device.

4 shows the details of the cooling device 20 and the vibration conveyor system installed therein. The cooling chamber 21 is a cylindrical housing having a vertical wall 168, which is closed by horizontal upper and lower plates 170 and 171. The members 168, 170 and 171 are made of mild steel sheet. The platform 24 is composed of four legs 173, horizontal members 174, and a base 175 therebetween. Such a structure may be formed from an angle stock properly welded to each other.

A spiral vibratory conveyor 177 is disposed in the cylindrical cooling chamber 21, and the shape of the conveyor is almost the same as the conveyor 87 of the heating device 12, and has a spiral tray 178 and the conveyor 87. It has the same number of pivots 180 as. In addition, a large diameter tray 181 is disposed slightly above the bottom 171 of the cooling chamber 21, and the tray 178 is spirally provided upward from the tray 181.

In a practical example of the device, the conveyor 177 is of the same construction as the conveyor 87. The transfer ramp 18 discharges materials from the heating chamber 17 to the tray 181. The materials are conveyed upward along the length of the tray 178. Thus, before the material is discharged on the extension 184 of the discharge ramp 23 by the top pivot 180 'of the conveyor, the cooling chamber ( Although 21) is relatively small, a very long cooling distance is provided.

A short collar 186 extends upward from the upper end plate 170, and the collar is loosely installed around the strut 27 in the same manner as the collar 139 around the strut 26 of the heating apparatus. A large diameter collar 187 is disposed concentrically around the collar 186 to provide a well 188, in which a layer of sand 190 is disposed. The flange 192 which is the extension part of the collar 193 which clamps on the outer periphery of the strut 27 extends downward in the said sand layer. Such a structure provides a hermetic seal around the strut 27, providing a hermetic seal around the strut 27 in the collar 186 in response to the operation of the motors 38, 38 ′ of the vibrator 36. Thereby allowing the vibration of the struts 27 in the collar 186 in response to the operation of the motors 38, 38 ′ of the vibrator 36, thereby allowing the escape of the gases in the cooling vessel 21 or their struts 27. Prevent air from entering the area. The vibrator 36 is identical in structure to the vibrator 35 and therefore does not describe its details. However, the motor device 38, 38 ′ can be angled in the same manner as used in the vibrator 35 to change the vibration feed rate of materials along the length of the conveyor tray 178 so that the bottom tray 181 can be adjusted. Change the time the materials are transferred from the top tray 180 'to the top tray 180'.

In a practical example of this device, two horsepower motor devices 38, 38 'are used for the vibration device 36. In such a device, the size of the cooling chamber 21 is about 3.2 feet in diameter and 6.5 feet in height.

In many uses of the present invention, it has been found that using the cooling chamber 21 in the form shown in a freestanding manner in which the cooling chamber is effectively air cooled is suitable for cooling the heated materials in the heating chamber 17. . However, when very high temperatures are used in the heating chamber 17, the double wall seals through which the cooling water can pass are cooled to effectively transfer heat from the cooling chamber for cooling of the material in the cooling chamber 21. (21) It may be desirable to arrange around.

In any case, the materials transported on the spiral conveyor 177 are moved irregularly along the length of the conveyor in the same manner as the materials on the conveyor 88, so that each piece of material is in the cooling chamber interior 183. It is evenly and completely exposed to the cooling atmosphere, so that a very uniform treatment of the materials, such as in a heating apparatus, is possible regardless of the length of the spiral tray 178. In a manner that takes place in the heating device, a constant fluctuation of the materials by vibrating action imparted to them by the operation of the vibrator 40, such that each piece of material is imparted to the tray 178 by the strut 27. This causes the tray to move irregularly horizontally and vertically.

Methods for treating various organic materials according to the present invention include high-quality fixed carbon wastes of forest products, such as sawdust, wood chips, large fat rice, bark chips, and various other types of wood cellulose materials, which are typically wastes from sawmills. Conversion to charcoal, conversion of tire pieces to carbon black, conversion of coal to coke, extraction of keratin or bitumen oil from various petroleum shales or sands.

In addition, various biomaterials, including animal dung, straw, mushroom compost, and various other meat tailings, can be converted or gasified into high-grade charcoal.

In the production of charcoal, the overall properties of the starting material pieces are not lost during processing in the device according to the invention. That is, whether the material is in the form of flakes, kernels, fragments, particles, dust, powders, flakes, thick pieces or other forms of aggregate nature, the treatment of the pieces of the material may result in physical crushing, It is done in such a way that the original properties of the material are preserved since they are not polished and are not subjected to excessive physical forces during processing. For example, when the starting material is a piece of wood, the present invention is used to treat the piece of wood with high carbon-containing charcoal in pieces. The operation of the device may also be done under conditions that allow the material to be converted to kernels or dust. For example, when a piece of rubber tire is treated by the present invention, the apparatus for carrying out the present invention converts the pieces into carbon black in the form of kernels or dust.

Broadly, the method of the present invention involves the treatment of organic material in a more useful state, consisting of the steps of sealing the material in aggregate form in a vertical chamber. The heating chamber and the cooling chamber here are merely examples and do not limit the form of the chambers in which the treatment according to the invention can be carried out. The method also includes at least partially sealing the yarn to control the amount of oxygen in the room and transferring the aggregate of the pieces of material vertically to the yarn within a predetermined time interval by a continuous vibrating action. . The vibrations cause the pieces to move erratically and are evenly and completely exposed to room temperature. Such a transfer is performed while the chamber is heated to a predetermined temperature sufficient to convert the volatile hydrocarbon component of the substance into a gaseous state and release the gas from the substance.

Such gas is removed from the chamber and introduced into the combustion chamber by fins 59 and conduits 60 and combusted in the combustion chamber to at least partially heat the heating chamber. When the atmosphere in the heating chamber is limited or maintained to the atmosphere containing the original amount of oxygen, heating the chamber to a predetermined high temperature in accordance with the present invention causes at least partial decomposition of the organic material to volatilize its components. Such decomposition effectively converts the material into relatively high concentrations of carbon and converts the volatile components into the gas phase and removes them from the heating chamber.

According to a preferred continuous process of the present invention, the pieces of organic material are continuously fed to the heating chamber 17 by the feed inclined path 15, and then conveyed upwards by the conveyor 87 exiting the heating chamber, and then conveyed. It is continuously transferred to the cooling device 20 by the ramp 18 and is cooled in the cooling chamber 21, and is again transferred upward through the cooling chamber 21 by the spiral conveyor 177, and continuously by the ramp 23. Discharged.

인치 메시까지의 물질 조각들이 선택된다. 집단으로 부터 쉽게 분리될수 있는 각개 조각들의 집합체 물질이, 진동장치(39)가 작동되고 그 가열실이 소정의 온도 예열될때 공급 경사로를 통해 가열실(17)로 연속 공급되는 것이 바람직하다.In converting the various organic substances described above by the present invention into charcoal,

Pieces of material up to inch mesh are selected. It is preferred that the aggregate material of the individual pieces, which can be easily separated from the population, is continuously fed to the heating chamber 17 via the supply ramp when the vibrator 39 is operated and the heating chamber is preheated to a predetermined temperature.

Although not shown, a so-called conifer burner may be used instead of burner 66, which is suitable for continuous sawdust, wood chips, bark, pods and the like. Such burners can be operated under conditions for the complete combustion of sawdust on the market.

The temperature in the heating chamber 17 at the position of the probe temperature measuring portion 91 between the turning portions 88 of the tray is about 149 ° C. (300 ° F.)-About 1143 ° C. (2000 ° F.), but is particularly preferred. Preferably about 371 ° C (700 ° F) -871 ° C (1600 ° F). The operating temperature range for converting wood cellulose materials such as wood chips to charcoal is 427 ° C-649 ° C (800 ° F-1200 ° F). At such temperatures in the probe temperature measuring section, the temperature difference in the heating chamber 17 does not exceed 93 ° C. (200 ° F.)-149 ° C. (300 ° F.), but the temperature on the heating chamber 17 is in some cases At slightly lower than the temperature of the bottom of the heating chamber. It is believed that the pieces of material to be fed have a higher temperature than the pieces of material in the heating chamber. Upon heating of the materials, the weight and size change upon volatilization. Thus, the transfer time of the pieces of material from the bottom of the conveyor 87 to the top may be smaller in the conveyor 177 so that cooling takes place longer than the heating time of the material without overloading the conveyor 177. For this reason, the motor device of the vibrator 35 is arranged such that the motor devices are arranged such that the conveying time of the conveyor 87 is preferably within about 3 minutes to about 30 minutes, particularly preferably about 5-7 minutes. 38, 38 ') is required to be adjusted first. Next, the transfer time of the motor devices of the vibrator 36 in the cooling chamber 21 is adjusted to about 3-30 minutes, preferably the same as in the heating chamber 17. In addition, the cooling time is determined according to the temperature of the cooled materials discharged by the ramp 23. In the treatment of charcoal, the temperature of the charcoal discharged is preferably about 38 ° C. (100 ° F) to about 51.5 ° C. (125 ° F), i.e. not exceeding the warmth to the touch, but in some cases the charcoal produced is in the atmosphere. Preferred is a temperature that spontaneously evaporates at, ie, lower than about 66 ° C. (150 ° F.). Thus, for charcoal treatment, the heating temperature, heating time and flow rate are appropriately changed for continuous operation so that the treated material does not exceed about 66 ° C. upon discharge.

The materials supplied to the heating chamber 17 by the supply ramp 15 need not be particularly prepared and may in fact be dry or wet. However, the degree of moisture affects the desired transfer time and the desired processing temperature in the heating chamber 17. For example, dry straw can be converted into charcoal at low temperatures (eg about 204 ° C) and short transfer times (eg about 3-5 minutes), while wet and dehydrated sawdust can be converted to high temperatures (eg about 538 ° C.) and long processing times (eg 7 minutes).

As used to make charcoal, the present invention can be broadly regarded as pyrolysis or carbonization, in which a suitable temperature is employed to form charcoal for the degree of bonding and quality to be used. High carbon content charcoal can be easily produced in high quality for various industrial purposes according to the present invention. Regardless of the purpose and quality of the charcoal to be produced, the present invention can make very effective and variable adjustments to treatment time, temperature, and speed, so that one of these various parameters can be arbitrarily altered arbitrarily to achieve the desired result. can do.

In addition, the present invention can convert the organic material into charcoal and also vaporize the organic material. Thus, wood and various cellulose, wood cellulose, biomass and organic wastes, including animal dung, sugar cane, leaves, straw seeds, shells, sawmill wastes, etc. The furnace is gasified leaving only ash, coke or mineral residue, and is discharged by the conveyor 87 through the ramp 15. The ash, coke or residues can be cooled by the chiller 20 if necessary. For gasification, a high temperature of generally 1093 ° C. (2000 ° F.), preferably 538 ° C.-760 ° C. (1000 ° F-1400 ° F.), is applied for about 5 minutes to about 20 minutes. 11 minutes. In addition, long processing times and low temperatures of about 20-30 minutes or less are employed.

For gasification, the exhaust gas from the heating chamber 17 is combusted in the combustion chamber 14 and excess gases are provided for applications such as storage, treatment, extraction, or external heat use.

Even when the present invention is used to make charcoal, the wood cellulose materials supplied to the heating chamber provide excess fuel gas. For example, when wood chips containing 50% moisture are treated in the heating chamber 17 at a rate of 3000 pounds per hour, approximately 8 million BTUs of exhaust gas are produced and only about 8 million BTUs of gas are produced in the combustion chamber. Is consumed by the combustion. The remaining 6-7 million BTUs are recovered for another use, which is equivalent to about 1.7-2 KWH. The calorific value of dried wood is very high, producing up to 20 million BTU calories at a continuous feed rate of 3000 pounds / hour.

In some cases, the material to be converted to charcoal has a high moisture content and requires drying of the material before it is heated to the carbonization temperature. For this purpose, a device for carrying out the invention is intended to preheat the material, such as wet sawdust or wood chips, before applying the carbonization temperature, which can quickly perform an efficient conversion to charcoal.

9 shows a structure in which a preheating device 195 having a drying chamber 196 or ramp 198 or other supply means for containing a material to be treated is installed. The drying chamber 196 has a structure and size similar to or the same as that of the heating chamber 17, and has a vibration conveyor 200 having a spiral tray 201. The tray 201 is connected with vibration generating means (not shown) of the same kind as described above for imparting a vibration force, and vertically upwards of the drying chamber 196 at the time of transfer, i. (Or downwards), the preheated, ie partially dried material is transferred to the transfer ramp 203 and supplied to the heating chamber 17.

The drying chamber 196 has a jacket, i.e., an outer housing 205 disposed around it, and is generated from the combustion chamber 14 of the heating apparatus 12 through the space 124 around the heating chamber 17. The heat gas is supplied to the housing 205 through the flue 206. Those slightly cooled combustion gases flow upwards in the space 208 around the drying chamber 196 and then exit the stack 126 by the I. D. fan 127 through the flue 209. Inlet 211 and outlet 212 circulates dry air through drying chamber 196. However, other exhaust equipment may be provided for supplying exhaust gas from the drying chamber to the combustion chamber via the burner 16 by means of a fan or the like in the same way that the conduit 57 supplies the exhaust gas from the heating chamber 17 to the burner. have.

For the purpose of illustration, the illustrated chiller 20 has a modified cooling chamber 21 ', in which a vibration conveyor 177' is directed downward or in accordance with the operation of the vibration generator (not shown). It is arranged to transfer material upwards.

The apparatus shown in FIG. 9 can also be used for mixing various materials. Thus, the additive to be mixed with the feed to be heated is introduced at point X and the vibration of the conveyor 87 is imparted so that it is mixed quickly and completely as it is conveyed upwards in the heating chamber 17. Alternatively, the additive material may be introduced prior to drying at point Y into the material to be fed, wherein mixing is done when the materials are preheated in the drying chamber 196.

At all times during the processing of various materials, especially during the conversion and coking of the materials to charcoal, it is necessary to at least partially close the heating chamber 17 and the cooling chamber 21 to control the amount of oxygen contained therein. . Such adjustment may be accomplished by proper operation of the regulating devices 51 and 51 ', but various types of known airlocks and dampers may be used.

The present invention is useful for converting tire pieces into fine carbon black in kernel or powder form. Broadly, the temperature used for such conversion is the same or slightly higher than that used for charcoal production and is particularly preferably 538 ° C.-760 ° C. (1000 ° -1400 ° F.) and the treatment in the heating chamber 17, ie The transfer time is 7 minutes. The tire pieces may be in the form of debris, small pieces, or the like. The exhaust gas is recovered and subsequently processed, converted or burned.

인치 메시 이하의 범위이다. 또한, 석탄이 용광로에 사용하는데 유용한 품위를 포함한 각종 품위의 코우크스로 전환될수도 있다. 이 목적을 위해 대표적인 가열온도는 약 649℃(1200°F)-1316℃(2400°F)이다. 또한, 본발명은 소위 석유 혈암(oil shale)및 석유 모래(oil sand)로부터 휘발성 물질을 추출하는 것도 포함한다. 석유 혈암은 높은 함량의 휘발성 물질 및 고정 탄소(fixed carbon)를 갖는 침강암이며, 그 휘발성 물질 및 고정탄소는 올레핀원유를 구성하는 소위 케로겐(kerogen)으로 추출될 수 있으며, 그 양은 혈암 1톤당 약 50갈론정도이다. 유사하게, 석유 모래는, 10중량%이상으로 포함되고 50%이상의 오일을 함유하는 타르형태의 역청을 함유한다. 이들 각종오일들은, 석탄의 기화 또는 전환에 사용되는 것과 비교될수 있는 온도와 처리시간에 가열실(17)내에서 오일함유 혈암 또는 모래를 가열하여 휘발시킴에 의해 추출될수 있다. 광범위하게, 처리온도는 약 427°-1093℃(800-200 0°F)이고 처리시간은 약 3분-20분이다. 대표적인 가열온도는 593℃(1100°F)이고 가열 및 냉각시간은 각각 통상 5분이다. 본발명을 이용하여 석유혈암 및 모래들로부터 추출된 휘발성 물질은 응축, 분류(分溜) 및 크랙킹 등을 포함한 공지의 기술에 따라 처리된다.Coal may also be easily treated by the present invention in such a way as to recover useful volatiles by vaporizing to a temperature of about 538 ° -1093 ° C. (1000 ° -2000 ° F.), typically 760 ° C. (1400 ° F.). . Typical heating and cooling times are 5-30 minutes and the size of the coal pieces to be vaporized is about 3 inches mesh, preferably from dust.

It is in the range of inch mesh or less. Coal may also be converted into cokes of various grades, including those useful for use in furnaces. Representative heating temperatures for this purpose are about 649 ° C. (1200 ° F) -1316 ° C. (2400 ° F). The present invention also includes extracting volatiles from so-called oil shales and oil sands. Petroleum shale is a sedimentary rock with a high content of volatiles and fixed carbon, and the volatiles and fixed carbon can be extracted from the so-called keogens that make up the olefin crude oil, the amount of which per tonne of shale About 50 gallons. Similarly, petroleum sand contains tarite bitumen containing at least 10% by weight and containing at least 50% oil. These various oils can be extracted by heating and volatilizing the oil-containing shale or sand in the heating chamber 17 at a temperature and treatment time that can be compared to those used for the vaporization or conversion of coal. Broadly, the treatment temperature is about 427 ° -1093 ° C (800-200 0 ° F) and the treatment time is about 3-20 minutes. Representative heating temperatures are 593 ° C. (1100 ° F.) and heating and cooling times are typically 5 minutes each. Volatile materials extracted from petroleum shale and sand using the present invention are treated according to known techniques including condensation, fractionation, cracking and the like.

In treating various organic materials in accordance with the invention, they are typically heated in a heating chamber 17 in a single time and then cooled in the cooling chamber 21. However, it may be possible to reprocess such materials once or more. For example, charcoal having a high content of fixed carbon of 70% or more can be produced by a single treatment of organic matter such as wood chips through the apparatus of the present invention. After subsequent treatment of the converted material, the carbon content can be increased to more than 90%, thereby obtaining high carbon content and high porosity of activated charcoal.

Also, a plurality of heating chambers or a plurality of cooling chambers may be used in processing the material, and the plurality of heating chambers and / or the cooling chambers may be installed in series or in parallel, or a combination thereof. In some cases according to the invention, such as when the rest of the treated material after passing through the heating device 12 is ash or residue that does not require cooling, the cooling chamber 20 may not be used.

Although mainly used for the treatment of the above-described organic substances of the present invention, it may be advantageously used for heating or heating and cooling various compounds and mixtures including various inorganic materials. For example, the present invention is useful for heat treatment or annealing of various materials, as well as for gas treatment.

The present invention can also be used to dry such and other minerals as well as materials such as grains, beans and various other crops, the drying of which is at temperatures of about 10 ° C.-149 ° C. (150 ° -300 ° F). Drying and complete and uniform drying by vibration. It is also possible to inject air into the preheating or processing chamber of the apparatus to control the temperature. The drying temperature of other materials can be up to 149 ° C-1093 ° C (300 ° F-2000 ° F).

It may also be envisaged to feed each of the heated material from two heaters to a single chiller. It is also possible to arrange various heating and / or cooling devices on the same axis. In addition, the heating device 12 and the cooling device 20 are shown as configured to transfer material from the bottom to the top, but the transfer may be reversed. For example, as suggested in FIG. 9, it may be conveyed vibrating upward in the heating device 12 and downward in the cooling device 20. In addition, various forms and structures of the seals for heating or cooling may be envisaged.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

Example 1

This example uses the invention to convert oak wood chips into charcoal. The pieces are 3/4 inch mesh in size and contain approximately 40% moisture. The apparatus shown in the figure was adjusted to have a heat treatment time of 7 minutes, a cooling process time of 10 minutes, and a heating temperature of 649 ° C. (1200 ° F.).

The pieces of wood were fed to the heating chamber 17 at a rate of about 2000 pounds / hour. The shrinkage of the pieces was about 33% and the properties of the pieces did not change. Charcoal yield was 20-30%.

The results of the charcoal's drying criteria are as follows.

The resulting charcoal was a good briq uet of grade with a carbon content suitable for industrial use.

Example 2

This example was used to convert the mixture of solid wood chips, bark, prawns, sawdust containing about 25% moisture. Treatment time and temperature were the same as in Example 1. The results of charcoal drying criteria are as follows.

The charcoal produced was a good solid stock and the yield was approximately 20-30%.

Example 3

The present invention was used to convert oak wood chips containing some small sized pieces into charcoal, as in Example 1. The treatment temperature was 402 ° C. (900 ° F.), heating time was 7 minutes, and cooling time was 10 minutes. Only small pieces were found to have been converted to charcoal.

Example 4

The following table summarizes examples of converting various materials to charcoal under various conditions in accordance with the present invention using the method described above.

Example 5

This example uses the present invention for gasification of wood. A piece of oak wood with a size of about 3/4 inch mesh and a water content of about 50% was continuously fed to a heating apparatus at 1093 ° C. and the heating time and cooling time were set to 5 minutes each. The pieces of wood were completely gasified and residues such as white ash or ash were discharged from the cooling unit. Similar residues, such as white ash or ash, were recovered in the chiller under other conditions with heating temperatures of 649 ° -760 ° C and heating and cooling times of 11 minutes each.

Example 6

Tire pieces were converted to carbon black using the present invention. Pieces of automobile tires were supplied to the heating chamber 17 at 593 ° C., and the heating time and the cooling time were set to 7 minutes and 10 minutes, respectively. Volatiles of the tire pieces were completely removed and the heating chamber 17 was subjected to subsequent processing. ). In the chiller, fine powder and fine grained carbon black were produced.

Example 7

Oil-containing shale was treated by heating in the apparatus shown in the figures adjusted to maintain a heating temperature of 593 ° C. and 5 minutes each. Two different grades of so-called high shale and low shale were tested. In each grade, approximately 16.25 pounds of shale was processed through the apparatus, approximately 13.25 pounds was recovered from the chiller 20 in the high shale and approximately 12.25 pounds in the lower shale. In each case, the weight difference is due to the removal of volatiles from shale by heating in the heating chamber 12.

Example 8

인치 메시의 석탄의 덩어리 대략 10갈론(양) 70파운드(중량)를 가열장치 (12)에 장입하였다. 대략 20파운드의 코우크스형태의 조각들이 냉각장치(20)에서 회수되었다. 그 중량차이는 석탄 구성성분들의 휘발에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 그 회수된 조각들은 다공성이고 산호(coral)와 같은 특징을 가지며, 가열장치에 장입된 석탄과 비교하여 비교적 가볍게 되었다. 석탄의 열량 분석 결과는 11,990BTU/파운드이었고, 회수된 조각들의 열량분석결과는 10,994BTU/파운드이었다.Coal was gasified by roasting volatiles in the depicted apparatus adjusted to maintain a heating temperature of 760 ° C., a heating time of 5 minutes, and a cooling time of 5-10 minutes. Size 1 / 2-3 inches, preferably about

Approximately 10 gallons (quantity) 70 pounds (weight) of chunks of inch mesh coal were charged to the heater 12. Approximately 20 pounds of coke shaped pieces were recovered from the chiller 20. The weight difference is believed to be due to volatilization of the coal components. The recovered pieces are porous and have a coral-like character, and are relatively light compared to the coal charged into the heater. The calorie analysis of coal was 11,990 BTU / lb and the calorie analysis of recovered pieces was 10,994 BTU / lb.

Although the foregoing examples illustrate the preferred form expected to carry out the invention, various modifications may be made.

Since various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention, all matters contained in the foregoing description and shown in the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative and not restrictive of the present invention.

Claims (1)

Inject a piece of organic material in the form of an aggregate into a vertical processing chamber, at least partially close the processing chamber to air to control the amount of oxygen in the processing chamber, and feed the organic material pieces into the processing chamber at one end having a higher temperature. By passing through the vertical portion of the processing chamber by vibrating action while heating one end of the processing chamber to maintain a pre-selected temperature to convert the volatile components of the organic material into a gas state to generate exhaust gas from the organic material, The temperature chosen is higher than the temperature at the opposite end of the process chamber so that the piece of organic material is initially exposed to a higher temperature and subsequently to a lower temperature, removing the exhaust gas from the process chamber for another use and at least by Some are characterized by the combustion step of heating the process chamber. A method of treating organic matter to convert it into a more useful state.

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