KR810001219B1 - Apparatus for application of foam to a substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

A foam application head comprising, in combination, foam distribution means having foam inlet means(108) connected thereto for effecting transfer of foam from foam generating means into the foam distribution chamber means(106), foam distribution plate means(104) separating the 106 from foam application chamber means(112) was manufd. The foam distribution plate means(104) comprised foam distribution holes(110) therethrough to effect movement of foam from 106 to 112, and 110 being sufficient in amount and size to create a differential pressure of from 3 to 150 inches of water pressure between 106 and 112 was manufd.

Description

Device for applying foam to the substrate

1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a foam application head, in which the outer vertical walls of the foam application chamber are all in a fixed position.

2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a foam applicator head, wherein one outer vertical wall of the foam application chamber is in a fixed position and the other outer wall is adjustable.

3 is a schematic side view illustrating the foam applicator head.

4 and 5 are schematic diagrams showing the relative position of the nozzle lip and its angle.

Most processes used to treat textile materials, such as fabrics and papers, inevitably involve immersing them in an aqueous bath containing the processing compounds. The apparatus used in such a process thus includes a squeeze roll, extractor or dryer as an apparatus for applying the aqueous compound and then for removing excess water from the treated substrate. . Recently, a process has been developed for applying a treatment in the form of a foam. However, a device for applying foam is still more demanded, and these can be found in US Patent Nos. 1948568, 3697314 and 3762860.

The devices disclosed in these specifications were those in which the fabric had to be suspended in a foam bath, the fabric or yarn passed through the foam, or the foam had to be heated and then heated to break the foam.

The present invention relates to a foam applicator head which enables uniform application of a functional group chemical fiber treatment compound in the form of a foam to the surface of a substrate. The applicator head consists of a foam distribution chamber, foam distribution plate, foam application chamber and nozzle, whereby the foamed functional group treatment compound is applied to the substrate in a predetermined controlled amount.

The foam applicator head described and claimed in accordance with the present invention can be used with conventional foam generators to treat a substrate, in particular a porous substrate, by applying a predetermined controlled amount of foam.

The configuration of the foam applicator head of the present invention is as follows. In other words, the foam inlet is connected to the foam inlet so that the foam can be delivered from the foam generator to the foam distribution chamber. The foam distribution plate isolates the foam distribution chamber and the foam application chamber, and the foam distribution panel has foam distribution. There is a hole that allows the foam to move from the foam distribution chamber to the foam application chamber. In the foam application chamber, the nozzle lip extends at an angle to the foam distribution plate plane to form a nozzle orifice. The nozzle orifice foams the substrate passing over it, and all the threads above are surrounded by end walls at each end thereof.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It should be noted here that the angle and size, etc. are not accurately drawn and drawn in this drawing, but are provided to help the understanding of the present invention. Also, these figures do not show a device for generating foam and delivering it to an applicator head, or for transporting a substrate towards and above a foam applicator head, or devices for measuring temperature and pressure and other physical constants.

Another point to note in this description is the assumption that the substrate moves from right to left as indicated by the arrow.

FIG. 1 shows the embodiment of the foam applicator head, wherein the two outer longitudinal walls of the foam applicator chamber are in a fixed position and the width of the nozzle orifice or the size of the nozzle slot hole can be adjusted by the nozzle orifice adjuster.

Some possible forms of nozzle orifice regulators are shown in the figures, which are labeled 1 (a), 1 (b), a (c), 1 (d), 1 (e), and 1 (f). , 1 (a) and 1 (b) are bolted in place within the foam chamber 112. Although shown in the figures to use regulators 1 (a) and 1 (b) of the nozzle orifice, they are attached to the upstream nozzle lip 102, attached to the downflow nozzle lip 100, or none at all. In some cases, you may choose to use only a single nozzle orifice regulator.

This depends on the width of the nozzle orifice or the structure of the foam applicator head required in any particular case.

The use of a cut-off orifice regulator allows for more extensive use of a single foam applicator head.

The foam applicator head of FIG. 1 shows the foam entry point 108 at its bottom.

There may be more than one such foam inlet and its position is indicated at the bottom in the figure, but may also be located at the distal or longitudinal axis wall and thus fed into the foam distribution chamber 106.

The foam is injected under pressure through the foam inlet 108 into the foam distribution chamber 106 of the foam applicator head. As the foam completely fills the foam distribution chamber 106, the foam distribution chamber 106 is owing to the resistance imposed by the distribution plate 104 separating the foam distribution chamber 106 of the applicator head and the foam application chamber 112. Pressure equilibrium is achieved within. Multiple layers of foam distribution chamber 106 and foam distribution plate 104 may be arranged in series, in which case the foam exits the lower foam distribution chamber and passes through at least one intermediate foam distribution chamber and finally flows into the foam application chamber. Foam distribution plates separate the threads. Thus, the number of foam distribution rooms can be from 1 to about 4 or more. However, it is preferred not to have more than two, the number of which is determined by the effect on the foam. In other words, when the foam flows from one thread through the foam distributor, the number of threads should not be too large to adversely affect the foam.

The foam distribution plate 104 has a plurality of foam distribution holes 110 to allow the foam to move from the foam distribution chamber 106 to the foam application chamber 112. The number and size of the foam distribution holes 110 will vary depending on the size of the foam applicator head, the nature of the foam, the substrate to be treated, and the volume fraction to which the foam is transferred to the substrate.

When the foam is treated to a width of 10 inches or more, the uniformity of the treatment is improved over the width of the substrate as the flow resistance imposed by the foam distribution plate 104 increases.

The flow resistance should generate a pressure difference of about 3 to 150 inches of water pressure between the foam distribution chamber 106 and the foam application chamber 112.

The desired pressure differential will depend on several factors, including the size of the foam applicator head, the width of the nozzle orifice, the number of foam distribution holes 110 in the foam distribution plate 104, the chemical and physical properties of the foam itself. Properties, the substrate being processed, the amount required to be applied to the substrate, and the speed of the substrate passing over the nozzle lip. However, the input difference can be adjusted by carefully calculating the value in advance. If the pressure difference is too low, foaming will not be made uniform throughout the substrate width.

If the pressure difference is too high, the foam may rupture as it passes through the foam distribution hole 110, or even the distribution hole is blocked.

As a convenient means of adjustment, a stopper or suture can be used to block some of the foam distribution holes and keep only those needed. As the foam enters the foam application chamber 112, a slight pressure drop can occur, and the foam application chamber 112 is filled with foam.

The pressure of the seal depends on several factors, including the rate at which foam enters it and the rate of foam absorption by the substrate passing over the nozzle orifice. The foam application chamber 112 has a nozzle orifice whose width or slot hole is determined by the upstream nozzle lip 102 and the downstream nozzle lip 100, as indicated above to adjust the nozzle orifice width. Nozzle orifice adjusters 1 (a) -1 (f) may be used. These can be attached to the wall of the outer chamber fixed by conventional clamps, bolts or the like. In treating the substrate with foam, the substrate moves in contact with the nozzle lips 100 and 102.

The angle that the substrate makes with the nozzle lip will be described in detail below.

Various structures for the nozzle orifice regulator are illustrated in 1 (a) -1 (f). This nozzle orifice adjuster is installed so that its upper end is parallel with the outer chamber wall. The length is equal to the longitudinal length of the foam applicator head. The width also changes because it adjusts the angle with the nozzle orifice opening, and the angle that the end should have, depending on the vertical plate or their height, will be described in detail later.

FIG. 1 shows the upstream nozzle lip 102 and the downflow nozzle lip 100 comprising a nozzle orifice regulator and an outer seal wall in the nozzle orifice where there is a space between 1 (b) and 1 (a). .

A modified application of the regulator of these nozzle orifices is not shown in this figure, but the nozzle orifices have a space between the inner plates of the two fixed outer walls of the foam applicator 112. The angles of the two nozzle lips with respect to the substrate must be taken into account but they are not indicated in the figures.

The head of the foam applicator is illustrated in FIG. 2, which allows the outer vertical wall of the foam applicator seal 212 to be fixed and the other outer vertical wall to be movable to adjust to adjust the nozzle orifice width and slot opening. To be able.

Although shown in the figure as a vertical wall that can move the upstream nozzle lip 202, in practice it is possible to control both the down stream nozzle lip 200, the upstream 202, the down stream 200.

The structure of the foam applicator is similar to that shown in FIG. 1, so that the description of the various compositional components and yarns may apply the same parts in FIG. The main difference between FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 lies in the movable or adjustable exterior wall structure in FIG. 2 and the presence of clamps or other adjustment means attached to the wall of the selected location.

Although not shown in FIG. 2, it may be selected from among regulators 1 (a) through 1 (f) of the nozzle orifice. For example, the head of the foam applicator indicated in FIG. 2 can be advantageously modified by completely removing the means 222 and the upflow nozzle lip 202 for retaining the lip in the selected position. As such, the foam application chamber 212 consists essentially of the upflow lip 200 and the foam distribution plate 204 and two end closures.

Also shown in this figure is a foam distribution chamber 206 with foam inlet 208, foam distribution plate 204 and foam distribution hole 210.

FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal side view of the foam applicator applied through the foam inlet 308, the position of which is indicated on the bottom surface. This side view shows the end walls 314 and 316, and the appropriate lifting means 308, showing that the foam distribution holes 310 are located in the foam distribution plate 304. This side view is the same as the head of the foam applicator in FIGS. 1 and 2. 306 denotes a foam distribution chamber and 312 denotes a foam application chamber.

4 and 5 show the relative positions of the upstream nozzle lip and the downflow nozzle lip, respectively, for the purpose of describing the device and for understanding the angle of the lip and the regulator.

4 shows nozzle lips 401 and 402 without nozzle orifice regulators attached thereto.

Reference numeral 401 denotes an upward flow nozzle lip, and 402 denotes a downward flow nozzle lip. The width X of this nozzle lip can be made desired width desired. The distance between the two nozzle lips of the nozzle orifice is from about 0.01. To 6 inches, preferably 0.25 to 1 inch, most preferably 0.5 to 0.75 inch. The angle A ranges from about 15 ° to about 90 °, preferably from about 45 ° to about 90 °, and the angle B can be from about 15 ° to about 135 °, preferably from about 60 ° to 110 °. And the most preferred is about 95 °, where angles A and B do not have to be equal.

5 shows the nozzle regulator and the nozzle lip attached thereto.

Units 501 and 502 represent an upflow nozzle lip, and 502 represents a nozzle orifice adjuster. Components 502 and 503 of this apparatus are equivalent to 1 (a) through 1 (f) described in FIG.

The distance W between the two nozzle lips is 0.1 to 6 inches, preferably 0.25 to 1 inch, most preferably 0.5 to 0.75 inch. The width of S and V is 0.25 to 1 inch, the width of t is 0.1 to 4 inches, and the width of U is 0.5 to 1.5 inches.

The angle C is from about 30 ° to 90 °, preferably about 45 °, the angle E can be from 30 ° to 90 °, the angle F can be from 75 ° to 90 °, preferably 85 °, and the angle G may be from 45 ° to 105 °, but preferably from 45 ° to 100 °.

In FIG. 5, the configuration of the rising nozzle 501 and 502 is described, wherein the regulator 502 of the nozzle orifice is attached to the outer wall surface 501 of the head of the foam applicator.

Similar structures can be made from a single operation, each of which is described above.

Downflow nozzle lips 503 and 504 may also be achieved in the same manner.

In the typical operation method of the apparatus as described above, the liquid composition is produced by adding a wetting agent and water to the functional chemical treatment agent, the foaming agent or, if necessary, again. The composition produces the foam in a conventional foam generator and is sent to the foam applicator head via a suitable conduit. This foam enters the foam dispensing chamber via the foam inlet, where pressure equilibrium is reached as the foam completely fills the dispensing chamber.

Although not shown in the figures, the circulation of the foam, or its concentration and measurement of pressure, can be measured at the appropriate place of the foam applicator head.

In this way, as the foam dispensing chamber is filled, the foam passes through the foam distribution plate, enters the foam application chamber, ascends and contacts the substrate, which moves across the nozzle orifice and contacts the nozzle lip.

Downflow The angle of contact between the internal taper of the nozzle lip and the substrate affects the uniformity of the application and the pressure drop across the substrate. These can be observed when using a foam applicator head of the type shown in FIG. 1 having a foam dispensing chamber that is 2 inches wide, 2 inches high and 9 inches long. It has a control opening 1 (a) and is inclined 5 ° inwards with a width of 0.75 inches, and the opening of the nozzle orifice is about 13/16 inches, which allows the lowest pressure drop to pass through the substrate. On the other hand, even with the same foam applicator head, the pressure drop is further increased if it is larger or smaller than the aforementioned inclination.

In all the examples, the dye was used as the tracer, and the result of checking the uniformity was very good. The foam was applied to the polyester / cotton fabric in a ratio of 65/35 at 6% by weight at a rate of 300 feet per minute.

The foam herein uses 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazoridone as a wash-resistant composition, and the foam has a density of 0.037 grams / cm. The results are shown in the table below.

TABLE 1

The apparatus of the invention is used when treating various kinds of porous substrates with functional chemicals, for example woven fabrics or nonwovens, paper, leather or wood veneers.

For this reason, the device is suitable for use in flame retardant compositions, waterproofing or water repellents, softener latexes, lubricants, manual builders, fabric dyes or pigment sizing agents, white agents, fluorescent agents, bleaches, nonwoven binders, scorching agents, etc. Used when applying.

As pointed out above, the present invention forms a bubble or foam on the surface of a material to be treated without using water to apply a functional group treatment agent, thereby saving energy required to dry the treated substrate, thereby reducing natural gas or other fuel consumption. Can be.

Using the foam applicator head of the present invention, a mixture comprising a organoleptic composition or functional reagent to be added to the fabric allows the apparatus to form a foam to process the woven fabrics. Treatment compositions having such functional groups or similar active or functional reagents are applied to impart desired physical or chemical properties to a porous substrate, such as a woven fabric or a tributary. The treating compositions having these functional groups allow the substrate to be foamed in the foam applicator head of the present invention. These compositions include blowing agents, functional chemicals, wetting agents, water or other additives, which are described in detail below. do.

As a mechanism for producing the foam, conventionally well-known ones can be used as they are, but an economical one is used.

The composition, formed into foam, exits the foam applicator head and is transferred to the surface of the fabrics to be treated.

In such a method of treating the foam, these treating agents should be uniformly applied to the surface of the woven fabric. In this case, the density of the treatment liquid, the size of the foam, and the stability of the foam are very important factors.

Foam is usually produced in a foam generator, which is equipped with an agitator capable of mixing the measured amount of gas, such as air.

The liquid chemical composition containing the functional treatment agent to be applied to the fabric is applied modified to foam. The foam's density average foam size, stability, and foam half-life are important factors. The density of the foam is from 0.005 to 0.3 g / dl and is generally 0.01-0.2 g / dl.

In general, the average foam size is 0.05-0.5 mm in diameter and usually 0.08-0.45 mm. The half life of the foam is 1-60 minutes, usually between 3 and 40 minutes. The density and half-life of the foam is determined by placing a volume of foam in a laboratory escillator of 100 ㏄ or 1000 ㏄ of known weight and measuring its weight to calculate the density of the volume in the cylinder and the weight of the foam.

From the measured density and volume of the foam and the known density of the starting liquid, the volume of liquid corresponding to half the total weight of the foam in the cylinder is calculated. The half life of the foam is the time at which this volume of liquid collects at the bottom of the cylinder.

The size of the foam is measured from a foam sample taken from the nozzle of the foam generator, and is determined by quickly taking a picture within 10 seconds by coating the bottom of the microscope glass slide with foam and placing it on the microscope.

At this time, the photographing is enlarged by 32 times using the Poraroid R camera. The number of bubbles is counted in a 73 x 95 mm portion of the picture corresponding to an actual slide area of 6.77 mm2.

The size of the average bubble diameter is expressed in mm and is calculated by the following equation.

Average Bubble Size =

The compositions used to produce the foam contain about 0.2-5% by weight of blowing agent or foaming agent, their typical concentration being 0.4-2% by weight. The chemical agent has a concentration of 5-75% by weight, usually 10-60% by weight, depending on the specific chemical agent used. Balance the total composition weight with water.

As other suitable ingredients, wetting agents are used in an amount between about 0.001-5% by weight, usually 0.01-1.0% by weight.

However, wetting agents are not always necessary, and in some cases foaming agents are not necessary at all when they exhibit sufficient wetting action. Surfactants can be used as foaming agents, which will produce foam, which will be explained later. The composition is foamed in a conventional foam apparatus that produces foam using air or other inert gaseous material. The amount of gas used to foam the composition is generally five times the volume of the liquid volume of the foam and can be up to 200 times.

In this way, a foam having a desired density and bubble size can be obtained. The special ingredients used to produce the foam are important for obtaining the foam that is immediately absorbed by the substrate in a uniform manner and also for enabling the desired use of chemical agents on the substrate.

Examples of suitable foam agents include ethylene oxide precursors of mixed C ₁₁ -C ₁₅ linear and alcohols having about 10-50 ethyleneoxy units per molecule, usually 12-20 ethyleneoxy units. .

Alternatively, a linear primary alcohol having 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the alcohol moiety or an ethylene oxide precursor of an alkylphenol having 8 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be used. The progenitor here can have 10-50, usually 12-20 ethyleneoxy units per molecule.

In addition, fatty acid alkanolamides such as coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide are also useful. Other suitable classes of foaming agents include N-octadecyl sulfosuccinate, tetra sodium N- (1,2-dicarboxyethyl) -N-octadecylsulfosuccinate, diamyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid, dihexyl of sodium sulfosuccinic acid Sulfosuccinate ester salts such as esters, dioctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic acid and the like. In addition to the above nonionic and anionic surfactants, tertiary alkylamines or betaines divided into distearyl pyridinium chloride, sodium salt of N-coco-beta-amino propionic acid or group, steyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and benzenesulfonic acid It is also possible to use cations such as amphoteric surfactants. These are well known and other similar surfactants may be used in addition to those defined above. It can be used as a mixture of one or more surfactants. Care should be taken in the selection of foaming agents for particular compositions in those which do not react arbitrarily with other reactants or interfere with the foam or process.

As mentioned above, wetting agents can also be used if necessary to produce foam having sufficient stability when pumped from the foamer to the use nozzle and the desired rapid grinding and wetting properties.

The foam is produced from a composition that is semi-stable, rapidly wets, and contains a higher concentration of the components defined above compared to the liquid treatment compositions used to date. The stability of the foams produced from these compositions should be such that they can be pumped from the generator to the user equipment, but should be immediately crushed and absorbed as soon as the foam reaches the substrate surface.

The breaking properties of the foam are very important because the holding force of the foam or bubbles on the surface of the substrate to be treated will bring spots, stains and other non-uniform distributions on the surface of the substrate. The foam's breaking properties are also important to facilitate recycling. Some kind of physical technique, such as raising the temperature and applying mechanical shear stress, is used in the recycling stage.

For foam breakdown, foams with the specified half-life possess a combination of the stability necessary to pump them into the substrate for ease of supply, the instability to wet rapidly upon contact with the substrate, and the characteristics that facilitate recycling. Turned out.

The presence of a suitable wetting agent is important but extremely small when the blowing agent is used to produce a stable foam.

As a result, these foams do not provide sufficient back and forth uniformity and penetration in successive high speed applications.

Therefore, a combination of a foaming agent and a humectant may be used. Examples of suitable humectants include adducting 6 moles of ethylene oxide with triethyl nonanol, or about 7-9 moles of ethylene oxide with C ₁₁ -C ₁₅ linear secondary alcohols. C ₁₀ -C are those in which the adduction having been adduction as the primary alcohols of _16, or of ethylene oxide with nonyl phenol 9 mole.

The structure of the silicone wetting agent is as follows.

Where n is from 5 to 25, m is from 3 to 10, p is from 6 to 20, R is from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and an alkyl group, such as known perfluoroalkylated surfactants Fluorocarbon humectants are commercially useful.

The amount of these wetting agents applied for rapid breakdown and rapid absorbency varies depending on the wetting agent selected, but this amount has already been confirmed primarily by small scale evaluations. The concentration of the fluorocarbon humectant is suitably in the range of 0.001-05% by weight, and 0.01-0.3% by weight for the silicone humectant. In addition, in silicone-based or fluorocarbon-based wetting agents, the excessive use thereof has rather been shown to inhibit foam formation and to inhibit the stability of the foam, making it impossible to pump or transport the foam to the substrate.

So if this happens in any case, you'll first need to do a small screen test. As pointed out above, some foams possess sufficient wetting properties without the need for supplementary adequate wetting agents, but most must use a mixture of foaming and wetting agents for uniform treatment before and after the substrate.

Stabilizers such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroused guar gum are also very beneficial and do not have any detrimental effect on the desired foam properties.

The head of the foam applicator of the present invention is used to apply functional groups or chemicals to impart special properties to the substrate. These include, but are not limited to, flame retardants, repellents or repellents, fungicides, antibacterial agents, anti-wrinkle agents, compositions that resist permanent compression or washing, softeners, lubricants, handwork, dyeing, pigmentation, sizing, whitening reagents, strings. Known materials used for the treatment of photo- varnishing agents, bleaching agents, nonwoven fabric binders, latex processing, scoring agents, heat treatment agents for monomers, origomers or polymers, contamination and rust inhibitors or other wovens or papers. Can be used.

Examples of representative functional compounds include diethyl dihydroxyethylene urea, dimethyrol ethylene urea, dimethyrolpropyrene, urea, ureaformaldehyde resins, dimethyrolurones, methylated meramine, ethylated triazones, and methylo. As a carbamate agent, carboxyethylated or isopropyl or butyl carbamate may be used. As epoxide, microcyclohexene dioxide, 2,3-diraioxy-1,4-dioxane, 2,3- It is the same as bis- (2,3-epoxypropoxy) -1,4-dioxane, diglycidylethyl of bisphenol-A, and bis (3,4-epoxybutyl) ether, and as a flame inhibitor, tetraguix hydroxymethyl Phosphonium chloride, polyvinyl chloride latexes, (N-hydroxymethyl-3-dimethyl phosphono) propionamide, and the like as a waterproofing agent or a water repellent reagent; Such as sodium formoacetate, methylene bis-stealmide, and fungicides and antibacterial agents, such as copper-8-quinolinolate, dihydroxy chlorodiphenylmethane, dimethyldithiocarbamic acetate and zinc salts. , Dihydroxymethyl undyrylene amide, etc., and latex agents include polyvinylacetate latexes, acrylic latexes, styrene-butadiene latexes, and softeners such as polyethylene, dimethyl stearate ammonia, which can act as dispersants. Such as butyl salts, lubricants such as butyl stearate, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, and hand-made agents include polyvinyl acetate latexes, and styrenebutadiene latexes. As dyes and pigment treatment agents, acid blue 25 (Color index 62055), acid red 151 (color index 26900), direct red 39 (color index 40755), phthalocyanine blue 15 (color index 74160), and the sizing agent is the same as polyvinyl alcohol and corn starch, and the white imparting agent is 4-methyl-7-diylamino Some of them are coumarin, and bleaches include sodium hypochlorite, clotin, hydrogen penocside, dicloto dimethyl hydantoin, sodium peborate, and as a binder of the nonwoven fabric, the emulsification property of ethylene-vinyl acetate is Polymers, such as acrylic polymers or acrylic emulsifying polymers, vinyl-acrylic copolymers, and are laundry-resistant reagents such as sodium lauryl sulphate, triethanolamine lauryl sulphate, sodium N-methyl-N-oleoylbaurate, primary And secondary alcohol ethoxylates; 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, neopentyl green as heat diffusion Monomers and origomers such as cold diacrylate, pentaerythritol tariacrylate, isodecyl acrylate, acrylated and epoxy distilled soybean oil or linseed oil.

Antistatic agents are the same as epoxidized stearyl amines. Antifouling or rust inhibitors are acrylic polymers and fluorocarbon emulsion zones.

The composition of the foam applied by the head of the foam applicator in the present invention is prepared by mixing selected functional chemicals, foaming agents, wetting agents and water with other suitable conventional additives thereof.

Such compositions will have a viscosity of 0.5 to 75 CPS by the viscosity of the broccoide, preferably 1-50 CPS at 25 ° C.

The method of preparing such a composition depends on the presence of a particular functional treating agent, and the procedure for preparing a composition containing the selected functional group was in accordance with conventional methods. The composition is foamed and delivered to the foam applicator head and then applied to the substrate surface.

In foam generation, the measured amount of the composition is introduced into the foam generator to generate foam, and the production step is controlled by adjusting the amount of air introduced into the foam generator.

At this time, the rotation ratio of the rotor of the foamer plays an important role in the foam generation of the specified bubble size and half-life.

The feed ratio of composition and gas determines the density of the foam, which is well known to those skilled in the art.

The width and spacing of the nozzle orifices were good when the equilibrium contact time (ECT) was adjusted to keep the mechanical contact time (MCT) equal or small, as in the formula MCT> ECT.

Mechanical contact time is the amount of time a point on a substrate remains on the nozzle orifice during foam application, with the width or spacing of the orifice expressed in inches divided by the fabric speed expressed in seconds per inch.

The equilibrium contact time is simply expressed as ECT, which is the time required for the foam to be absorbed by the substrate from the nozzle of the foam applicator. The additional foam will absorb the foam into the substrate under reduced pressure. Preferably, a uniform pressure of 2 to 20 inches is maintained in terms of water pressure to control the uniformity of the application.

At this time, when MCT is larger than ECT, uneven application results are obtained.

In other words, uniform absorption is not possible when the absorption is greater than the foam feed ratio. However, when applying foam to a substrate, the MCT should be larger than the ECT. It can also cause stains and irregular grounds as they pass through the width of the substrate. For example, when you want non-uniform dyeing, this is very interesting and leaves a pattern.

The following formula is used to determine the amount of the composition to enter the foam generator and the amount of foam to be applied to the substrate.

Formula I represents the amount of liquid composition in cubic cubic feet per minute,

V ₁ =

Equation II shows the amount of foam supplied to the substrate in cubic feet per minute.

Vf =

The symbols in these equations are as follows.

Vs = linear speed of substrate (line speed)

V ₁ = flow rate of liquid volume, pits 3 / min

Vf = flow rate of foam volume, pits 3 / min

ρf = foam density, pounds / feet3

C ₁ = concentration of liquid (solid),% OWS

Ws = weight of fabric substrate, pounds / feet2

Cs = solid added to the fabric,% OWf

λ = width of substrate or nozzle orifice to be treated, pits

ρ ₁ = density of the liquid, pounds / feet 3

Test method used here

Durability compression ratio AATCC124-1967T; Washing procedure III (140 ° F.); Drying procedures A and B (conduction and line drying),

Recovery of Dry Wrinkles AATCC 66-1959T

Tear Strength (Elmendorf) ASTMD-1424-59

Tensile Strength (Grav) ASTMD-1862

Washing resistance AATCC-124-1967 Washing procedure Ⅲ, drying procedures A and B

Sulfide Phenomenon Using D-40 Reflectometer

Sulfidation rate

The followings are applied to various compositions used in this example.

DMDHEU-1,3-dimethyrrool-4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazoridone 45% aqueous solution

Softener I-30% by weight water soluble emulsion of polyethylene in low density, low density vehicles

Wetting agent I-9 mol of ethylene oxide impregnated C ₁₁ -C ₁₅ straight chain secondary alcohol mixture

Wetting Agent II-Siloxane to which the structural formula

Wetting agent IV-12 A 12 mol molar ethylene oxide adducted a C ₁₁ -C ₁₅ linear secondary alcohol mixture.

Example 1

The composition is prepared by mixing the compounds indicated below in weight percent.

DMDHEU 81.2 Foam I 0.3

Zinc nitrate, 30% 17.9 Wetting Agent IV 0.6

The composition also included a tracer of red acid dye that could sufficiently dye the composition so that the uniformity upon application could be determined visually.

The composition is produced at a rotor speed of 410 rpm while blowing sufficient air using Ease-E-foam generator R model number E1000 to make a foam having a density of 0.078 grams / cm. The liquid composition is then fed to the foam generator at a rate of 564 kPa per minute, and the pressure of the head of the foam applicator is 16 psig. The foam emerges from the foam applicator nozzle and is uniformly applied to fabric surfaces of 8 ounces per square yard and 9 inches wide and polyester / flat 50/50.

The fabric is added 4.5% by weight of the liquid composition as it travels over the foam applicator nozzle at a rate of 300 feet per minute.

The foam is applied uniformly to the fabric, and as the foam composition contacts the fabric, the bubbles break up so that the composition is absorbed by the fabric and dried immediately. When the treated fabric was heat-treated at 340 ° F. for 3 minutes, the wrinkle return angle was 292 ° in the dry state, and its tear strength was 2997 grams. The angle is 215 ° and the tear strength is 3,541 grams.

The apparatus for producing and applying the foam is a foam generator, which is composed of a supply port, a pulling and induction roller, a foam carrier from the foam generator to the foam applicator head, and a foam applicator head.

The foam applicator head is composed of a foam applicator with a lower foam distribution chamber and a nozzle over the foam distribution chamber. The interior size of the lower foam distribution chamber is 9 inches wide, 2 inches long and 2 inches high. The bottom of the lower foam distribution chamber has a 0.75 inch diameter foam outlet at the center. On top of this thread is a foam distribution plate with 15 3/16 inch diameter distribution holes. Above this distribution plate is a foam application chamber with a 9 inch high foam generator head, 2 inches higher than the foam distribution plate, and two nozzle outlets between the gaps of the 13/16 inch nozzle orifices. Between the space and the outlet is a foam generating room.

The upflow nozzle outlet is 0.5 inches wide and inclined 45 ° outward. The downflow nozzle outlet is 1.25 inches wide, inclined outward 45 degrees and the internal orifice adjuster is 0.75 inches wide and inclined inward 5 degrees towards the orifice. The foam is produced in the foam production chamber, enters the lower foam distribution chamber through the lower solenoid, passes through the holes in the distribution plate, enters the foam application chamber, and is processed on the crop at the orifice of the nozzle used. The fabric is first drawn out through the nozzle outlet of the foam applicator head upstream and then in contact with the downstream outlet, with the operating speed of the outlet as mentioned above.

As the fabric moves between the nozzle outlet and the nozzle orifice, the foam is applied to the fabric at light pressure. As can be seen from X-ray scanning and scattering electron microscopy of the treated fabric, it was evenly absorbed by the cotton fabric.

Example 2

Compositions were prepared containing the following components in weight percent:

DMDHEU 81.2% Wetting Agent IV 0.6%

Zinc nitrate, 30% 17.9% Foam I 0.3%

The density of the liquid composition was 1.18 g / dl and the amount of total solids contained was 43.5 wt%. The foam was prepared at a rate of 410 rpm using a commercially advantageous Ease-E-foam generator at a ratio of 10, 13, and 20 air per unit liquid volume.

Using the foam generator head of the present invention, three different fabrics of foam are used: 65/36 polyester / cotton (fabric A), 50/50 polyester / cotton (fabric B), and 100% cotton (fabric C). 6% by weight on the surface of the).

The speed at which the fabric moves in this process is varied over 100,200 and 300 feet per minute over the nozzle orifice to determine the balance between ECT and MCT at the wide orifice inlet. The width of the nozzle orifice was varied to 1 inch, 3 inch and 4 inch using the nozzle orifice adjuster. Excellent results have been obtained with these nozzle orifices under specified operating conditions.

It was also observed that the foam structure changed as well as the foam began to roll at the nozzles used, forming a rolling bank for high speed and wide nozzle inlets.

The foam applicator head used in this example was designed such that the width of the nozzle orifice could be varied widely.

The basic structure, similar to that shown in Figure 2, consists of a foam dispensing chamber and a foam inlet, and the foam application chamber is separated by a foam distribution plate 1 inch above the floor. Applicator head A has a foam dispensing chamber 3 inches wide, 1 inch high, and 9 inches long, a foam applicator 3 inches high, 9 inches long, and a nozzle orifice with adjustable width of 0.25 inches-3 inches. The foam distribution plate has 17 holes, each 3/8 inches in diameter. Applicator head B has a foam dispensing chamber 6 inches wide and the foam application chamber can be adjusted to the nozzle orifice up to 6 inches wide. The foam applicator head has foam distribution holes of the same number and size. The width of the nozzle orifice is equal to the selected and adjusted width of the application chamber and the selection is made by adjusting the position of one of the nozzle outlets. Applicator header B was used when the side of the orifice was greater than 3 inches. During the foam treatment of the fabric, the fabric was in contact with the upstream and lower nozzle outlet of the foam applicator head.

The treatment conditions for these fabrics are summarized in the table below, which shows the nozzle orifice slit width and the water pressure.

TABLE 2

Example 3

A series of compositions were prepared with different amounts of solids added. Certain components in the composition are as follows.

DMDHEU 81.2 Wetting Agent IV 0.6

Zinc nitrate 17.9 Foaming agent I 0.3

Composition A did not contain a solid and the Brookfield viscosity was 5.2 cps at 23 ° C.

Composition B contained 0.1% ethyl hydroxide cellulose, which had an LVT Brookfield viscosity of about 3,000 cps at 25 ° C. using a spindle 3 at 30 rpm in a 1% solution, and a Brookfield viscosity of 15.7 at 23 ° C. cps. Composition C included 0.2% of the same ethyl hydroxide cellulose and its Brookfield viscosity was 30.4 cps at 23 ° C. Composition D comprised 0.3% of the same ethyl hydroxide cellulose and the Brookfield viscosity was 83.1 cps at 23 ° C. These compositions allowed the foam to be formed by a similar method as in Example 1, with a foam density of 0.045 g / dl, which was treated with 4 ounces of 65/35 polyester / cotton and 100% cotton fabric. . The foam applicator head used the same device as described in FIG. Its foam distribution chamber was 9 × 2 × 2 inches in size, and the foam application chamber was 9 × 2 × 0.75 inches in size.

The nozzle orifice was 0.75 inches wide. The foam distribution plate had 15 holes, each of which was 3/16 inches in diameter. The medial inclination of the regulator on the downstream nozzle outlet was 5 °. When added to the woven fabric, it was passed at a speed of 300 feet in 1 minute to 6 wt%.

Uniform application results were good for Compositions A-C and appropriate for D.

Example 4

A composition containing the following ingredients was prepared.

DMDHEU 81.2 Wetting Agent IV 0.6

Zinc nitrate 30% 17.9 Foaming agent I 0.3

The liquid composition had a density of 1.18 g / dl and the total content of solids was 43.5 wt%.

The Ease-E-foam generator was operated at 410 rpm by feeding the foam generator with 188 kcal per minute of composition with sufficient air to produce a foam having a density of 0.02 g / dl.

The foam thus obtained was treated at 3% in a 50/50 polyester / cotton woven fabric using the foam applicator of Example 3 in a nozzle orifice 13/16 inches wide and 5 ° internal inclined over the downstream nozzle outlet.

The rate of passage of the woven fabric treated here is 300 feet per minute, and the pressure drop through the fabric is 0.25 inches of water. In this example, excellent results were obtained.

Example 5

The composition containing the following component was manufactured.

DMDHEU 81.2 Wetting Agent IV 0.6

Zinc nitrate 30% 17.9 Foaming agent V 0.3

The rotor was operated at 410 rpm while feeding the composition by 564 kPa per unit at a ratio of 15 volumes of air to the composition unit volume to generate foam with the Ease-E-foam generator. The resulting foam had a density of 0.078 g / mm 3. Using this foam in an amount of 8 ounces per square yard, the opening of the nozzle orifice was 13/16 inch, as in Example 4, at a rate of 300 feet of weave per minute in a 50/50 polyester / cotton weave. Was used to pass a woven fabric through the foamer head and treated at 4.5%. This treatment result was normal. The pressure drop at this time was 27/8 inch by the pressure of the water while the woven fabric passed.

Example 6

A dyeing composition containing the following ingredients was prepared.

Latil Orange 2GFS (C.I.44) 6.8 lb Wetting Agent IV 0.4 lb

36.4 lbs of water Bubble agent III 0.4 lbs

The pH was adjusted to 5-6 using acetic acid, and the foam was produced with different foam densities at a rotational speed of 340 rpm as an Ease-E-foam generator.

The foam obtained here was treated with a foam applicator head as in Example 3 with 100% polyester and 65/35 polyester / cotton woven. The nozzle orifice was then adjusted such that the spacing between the upstream and downstream nozzle outlets was 0.5 inch. The woven passed the nozzle orifice at a speed of 100 feet per minute, with both outlets of the head of the foam applicator contacting, with a total added wetting agent of 14% by weight.

When foam A was treated with 100% polyester, the nozzle orifice portion was taped and several narrow shapes were obtained from the fabric. The foam was treated uniformly in the woven fabric as in the other examples. After a certain period of time, the dye was fixed by heating the strip-shaped fabric at 420 ° F. for 3 minutes. This resulted in a clear form.

By a similar method the entire fabric surface was dyed by removing the tape from the nozzle.

Using the same foamer head, Foam A was used to shape 65/35 polyester / cotton. The shape effect was achieved by placing the stencil between the orifice nozzle and the fabric. The stencil then moves at the same speed as the fabric and the foam flows out of the orifice nozzle. The dyed part of the fabric was uniform and clear.

Foam B was treated in 100% polyester in the same way to fully dye the fabric. Uniform treatment and staining were observed. One part of the fabric was foamed and then watered.

The fabric was rolled up and stored for about 48 hours and then heated at about 420 ° F. for 3 minutes to fix the dye. The accumulation of water droplets appeared brighter.

Claims (1)

In the foam applicator head, its structure is a foam dispensing device having a foam inlet device connected to convey the foam from the foam generating device into the foam dispensing room device, and an apparatus for separating the foam dispensing room device from the foam application room device. And a foam distribution plate apparatus having foam distribution holes for performing a movement of the foam from the foam distribution chamber to the foam processing chamber apparatus, wherein the foam processing chamber apparatus is configured to form the nozzle orifice. Consisting of a nozzle outlet extending at an angle from the face, wherein the nozzle orifice performs the action of treating the foam to a substrate moving across it, with all of the above devices having their respective ends terminated by the wall of the distal end. A foamer head device for applying foam to a substrate having a closed characteristic.

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