KR800000913B1 - System for automatically bringing elevator cage to floor level at electric power stoppage - Google Patents

Abstract

An elevator system which is braked by a magnetic brake(MB) at electric power failure is equipped with the 1st. detector for comparing the predetermined value with the difference one in weight between the elevator car and the counterweight, and an electric power control system(CI) for switching ON or OFF the magnetic brake(MB) with an emergency power source(E) according to the results of the 1st & 2nd detector.

Description

Automatic frosting device in case of power failure of elevator

1 is a circuit diagram of a suitable embodiment of an alternating current elevator system for automatically implanting an elevator cage on any floor during a power outage;

2 is a main circuit diagram of the present invention;

3 is a circuit diagram of the current control device of the present invention;

4 is a circuit diagram of a relay control circuit of the present invention;

5 is a characteristic curve of the function generator,

6 is a circuit diagram of a function generator.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for automatically lifting an elevator onto an arbitrary floor during a power failure or an accident. The majority of passenger elevators are suspended by elevator cages and counterweights, which are wound on the pulleys, the pulleys are wound and the pulleys are rotated by an electric motor to drive the elevator up and down.

An electromagnetic brake is provided to fix the elevator motion system when the elevator stops.

Since the electromagnetic brake is configured to be excited by the power source of the electric motor, when the supply of electricity is stopped from the power source, the power supply of the electromagnetic brake is also stopped and emergency braking is applied.

The weight of the counterweight is equivalent to the weight of about 50% of the passenger cabin in the cage. For light loads, the unbalanced load to raise the cage is pulled, while the heavy load is heavy. In the case of heavy loads, the unbalanced load that tries to lower the cage is equally pulled.

Therefore, when the torque generated by such an unbalanced load is larger than the static friction torque of the kinematic system, the electromagnetic brake is restored and the cage is automatically operated in the direction of the unbalanced load torque.

Therefore, in such an elevator system, even if the electronic brake operates during a power failure, the elevator can be operated by supplying sufficient emergency power to restore the electromagnetic brake even if the elevator is emergencyly stopped. Thus, when the elevator reaches the nearest floor, the electric brakes are turned off and the elevator is stopped to allow passengers to escape the cage.

However, if the unbalanced load torque is smaller than the static friction torque (for example when the number of passengers is 40-60% of the yard), the elevator cannot operate without restoring the brakes again. Because of this, if a power outage occurs while the elevator cage is in the middle of the floor, passengers are confined within the cage.

In this case, the device for driving the elevator cage to an arbitrary floor is called a device for auto-imaging at the time of power failure.

The device that automatically lifts the elevator cage in the event of a power outage requires an energy source to operate the elevator even under the conditions of the aforementioned unbalanced loads. For example, in a DC elevator system (so-called Word Leonard system) supplied by a DC motor to a DC motor, the motor generator does not stop immediately due to large inertia even in the event of a power failure. Therefore, if the brake is restored immediately after the blackout to excite the field windings of the generator and the motor, the elevator can be operated to the nearest floor.

In a DC elevator employing such a word leonard method as a driving source, a small capacity emergency power supply (when a battery is prepared, an elevator cage can be automatically implanted on a suitable floor due to tubular energy of a motor generator, in other words, a large energy source is not required.

In another type of DC elevator employing a DC motor other than Word Leonard as a driving source, a large capacity battery can be installed as an emergency power source to automatically lift the elevator onto a suitable floor. In this case, power is supplied directly from the battery to the DC motor to drive the elevator. Therefore, this type of direct current elevator requires a relatively large energy source (battery), but the structure is simple and low cost.

On the other hand, an AC elevator system using an induction motor as a driving source requires a relatively large energy source (battery) and an inverter converting direct current into alternating current. Converters typically use thyristors, but they are expensive. In particular, the use of such a converter in an alternating current elevator, which is widely used as an entry type, is inappropriate from an economic point of view.

For this reason, many kinds of simple converters have been proposed to automatically install an AC elevator on a suitable floor during a power failure, but a suitable converter has not been put to practical use. Alternating current elevators also require other types of energy sources instead of batteries or converters.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device that automatically implants an elevator during a power outage and is inexpensive and does not require an energy source for driving the elevator during a power outage.

According to the present invention, the device for automatically landing the elevator in case of power failure is composed of the following various devices. In other words, the elevator cage and the counterweight hang on the pulley through the rope, the driving device for the vertical movement of the elevator cage, the electric motor connected to the pulley, and the electromagnetic brake for fixing the elevator system when the elevator stops operating. A first detection device for detecting an electrostatic power supply, a second detection device for detecting whether an unbalanced load applied to the emergency power pulley is above or below a set value, the first detection device detects a power failure, and the second detection device is unbalanced When the load value is detected less than the set value, the power supply circuit for supplying power from the emergency power source to the electromagnetic brake and the operation of the power supply passage when the elevator cage reaches the proper floor in the direction of operation It is configured as devices.

When the torque generated by the unbalanced load is large enough, the elevator can run in the direction of that torque. When the elevator cage and the counterweight are almost balanced and the unbalanced load torque is low, even if the driving energy is lost during operation of the elevator, there is a considerable distance due to the inertia energy of the kinetic system without braking of the elevator.

The main feature of the present invention is that when the unbalanced torque between the elevator cage and the counterweight is close to the equilibrium, the elevator can be operated without any emergency braking and approaching the nearest floor without emergency braking. To stop it.

This main feature of the present invention allows the near floor to be reached in the following manner, depending on the state of movement of the elevator during a power outage.

That is, (1) If the elevator is operated at a sufficient speed and there is no deceleration, the detected speed is detected by detecting the deceleration start point of the position that normally starts deceleration, for example, the nearest floor or the next floor, and detecting the speed at the deceleration start point. The brakes can be applied to the elevators so that the nearest floor or the next floor can be stopped normally.

(2) In the case of a power failure during deceleration of the elevator, the deceleration distance for the deceleration of the elevator and the speed of the elevator in the normal state are mutually correlated, and thus the elevator can be stopped exactly at the normal position by applying a constant braking.

(3) In the event of a power outage immediately after the elevator departs, the elevator has not yet accelerated to the set speed, and therefore it may be considered that the inferior inertia cannot reach the nearest floor in the direction of travel. Therefore, if a speed lower than the set speed is detected, emergency braking is applied to stop the elevator. This will allow passengers to open the cage doors and exterior doors by hand and escape to the departure floor. In this case, there is not enough unbalanced torque, so even if it is proceeding at a fairly low speed, it can be driven by inertia to the nearest floor in the direction of travel. This operation of the elevator can only be applied if the elevator proceeds at a slower speed than reaching the nearest floor by inertia. Under these conditions the elevator will be near the starting floor not far from the starting floor.

Still other objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention is applicable to both direct current elevators and alternating current elevators. However, since it is suitable to apply to the AC elevator for the reasons as described above of the present invention will be described in connection with this case.

In FIG. 1, the elevator cage CA and the parallel weight CW are suspended on the split wheel S through the rope R. In FIG. In addition, a rope CR is suspended from the cage CA and a parallel weight to compensate for the difference in the weight of the rope when the elevator cage CA is at the top and at the bottom. In addition, an emergency pulley (CP) is attached to the lower end of the compensation rope (CR) to stabilize the compensation rope (CR). The pulley S transmits torque to the cage CA and the counterweight CW through the friction force between the rope R and the pulley S by the elevator-driven glass motor M.

In addition, an electromagnetic brake (MB) is installed to supply emergency braking force and to support the elevator after stopping. The induction motor (M) is supplied with power through the main control circuit (MC) from the AC power supply (U, V, W), and at the same time, power is also supplied to the electromagnetic brake (MB) through the main control circuit. The main control circuit is well known and the circuit configuration thereof is shown in FIG.

Three-phase AC power supply (U, V, W) and three-phase induction motor (M) are the start relay contact (Sa _1- Sa ₃ ) and the upper relay contact (U ₁ , U ₂ ) or the down relay contact (D ₁ , D ₂ ). The power supplied to the electromagnetic brake MB is connected via a rectifying circuit including a diode Di ₁ -Di ₄ only when the start relay contacts Sa ₁ -Sa ₂ are connected, and the power failure detection relay N is It is connected to any two wires of the three-phase power source and the emergency power source E is connected to the electromagnetic brake MB through the current control device CI. The current control device CI and the electromagnetic brake MB constitute an adjustable braking device. The current control device controls the current flowing in the electromagnetic brake MB according to the input signal supplied to the terminal 2. In addition, a known interrupter circuit is used for the current control device (CI).

In particular, the current control device CI controls the current between the terminals 1, 3 according to the signal supplied to the terminal 2.

3 shows an example of a circuit configuration of the current control device CI using an interrupter. In the drawing, the interrupter CH is connected between the terminals 1 and 3. The interrupter (CH) is a known repulsive pulse (Pulse) type main thyristor (THM), auxiliary thyristor (THA), rectifier condenser (Cc), rectifier reactor (Lc) and dozens of (Di ₅ , Di ₆ ) Consists of. Terminals 1 and 3 are energized when the main thyristor THM is energized by giving a trigger signal. At this time, the rectifying capacitor Cc is charged with the polarity as shown. Under these conditions, when the trigger signal is given to the auxiliary thyristor (THA), the rectifier capacitor (Cc) is discharged in the direction of Cc → Lc → THA → THM → Cc through a closed circuit including Cc, Lc, THA and THM and the current The polarity is changed by the electric vibration caused by the capacitance Cc and the inductance Lc. The inversion current reversely biases and blocks the main thyristor (THM) and the auxiliary thyristor (THA). With the continuous repetition of this operation, the circuit between the terminal 1 and the terminal 3 repeats energization and interruption, and the current is controlled by the ratio of the times of energization and interruption. The symbol PS is a pulse outlier for controlling the thyristor in the interrupter CH, and in particular, controls the interrupter CH in accordance with a signal given to the terminal 2. The diode Di ₇ is connected between the terminals 3 and 4, i.e., across the coil Co of the electromagnetic brake MB, so that the current flowing in the electromagnetic brake MB is smooth while the interrupter CH is opened and closed. It has a flywheel effect so that it is not blocked. The emergency power source E supplies power to the electromagnetic brake MB through the resistor R ₁ , similarly to the current control device CI.

This is used to prevent emergency braking when a power failure occurs as described later by the electromagnetic brake.

The adjustable braking device including the current control device CI and the electromagnetic brake MB is controlled by a signal given to the terminal 2 of the current control device CI as described above. In addition, the signal given to the terminal 2 is transmitted through the following two paths. One is a path from the emergency power source E through the resistor R ₂ to the terminal 2 to give the set braking torque. The other is a function of detecting the rotational speed of the motor M with the speed generator TG. It is a path stored in the storage capacitor Ci through the generator F and given to the terminal 2. The latter can adjust the braking according to the elevator speed at the deceleration start point, which will be described later.

4 is a relay control circuit for the power supplied from the emergency power (E), electromagnetic brake power supply relay (EM), unbalanced load detection relay (HL), blackout time relay (NT), constant braking relay (CB), stop Relay (SP), deceleration start relay (SD), blackout detection relay (N), start relay (S), acceleration relay (AC), deceleration relay (DE), low speed relay (V ₂ ), 40% load relay (W) ₄₀ ), 60% load relay (W ₆₀ ) includes a deceleration start point detection relay (PD ₁ ) and a stop point detection relay (PD ₂ ). The contacts in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 degrees represent the open contact by adding a to the sign of the relay, and the closed contact by adding b. The number of each contact indicates the number of the contact.

When a power failure occurs in an unbalanced load, the power supplied to the motor M is cut off, and the supply power of the electromagnetic brake MB is also cut off. Thus, emergency braking is applied to stop the elevator. Then, the emergency power (E) is supplied to the electric brake (MB) to restore the electronic brake. When the electromagnetic brake is restored in this way, the elevator is moved in the direction in which the unbalanced torque acts. At this time, in order to prevent the risk caused by the excessive speed increase of the elevator, the speed detection relay V ₁ detects the set speed to cut off the power supplied to the electromagnetic brake MB. The elevator is decelerated by the interruption of the power supply to this electromagnetic brake. The brake is opened again by supplying power to the electromagnetic brake with the speed detection relay (V ₁ ) OFF again. By repeating this operation, the elevator runs below the set speed. Therefore, when the elevator approaches the arrival point of the nearest floor, the power supply of the electromagnetic brake MB stops the elevator cage CA by the action of detecting the approach.

Such emergency operation is easily understood, and description of the control circuit for this is omitted.

When the elevator is in operation, the contact point Sa ₄ of the start relay S is in a connected state. Now assume that the number of passengers in the cage is about 50% of the capacity. In this case, the load relay W ₄₀ , which is configured as a balancer and operates at a load state of 40% or more, is turned on, while the load relay W ₆₀ is operated at a load state of 60% or more. At this time, these two contacts W _40a and W _60b are connected.

Therefore, the balanced load detection relay HL is in the ON state and the contact HLa is connected. First, the case where the speed of the elevator is the highest will be described. That is, since the speed of the elevator is high, the speed relay V _{2 of} FIG. 1 is in an ON state, while the contact V _{2a of} FIG. 4 is in a connected state. In addition, since the stop relay SP is in an OFF state, the contact SPb is in a connected state. If a power failure occurs in such a state, the blackout relay N is turned off, and thus the contact Nb ₁ is connected. Therefore, the power supply relay EM of the electromagnetic brake is turned on by a closed circuit composed of E → Sa ₄ → V _2a → Nb ₁ → HLa → SPb → EM → E. As a result, the contact EMa of FIG. 1 is connected, and a closed circuit is formed from E → R ₁ → CBb ₂ → SDb ₂ → EMa → CO → 4 → E to supply power to the coil Co of the electromagnetic brake MB. . On the other hand, the power supplied to the coil Co of the electromagnetic brake MB is cut off from the three-phase AC power U, V, and W before this operation.

However, as is well known, the electromagnetic brake MB has a long operation time, so that the power supply circuit at the emergency power source E can be completed before braking is activated. Therefore, the drive torque of the electric motor M is extinguished by the blackout, but the electromagnetic brake MB does not apply the braking torque. Moreover, at this time, the unbalance torque by the elevator cage CA and the counterweight CW is very small, so that the elevator runs inertia with little deceleration. When the elevator cage runs inertia in this way and reaches the deceleration start point of the nearest floor in the travel direction, the contact PD _1a of the deceleration start point detection relay PD ₁ of FIG. 4 is connected. The deceleration relay SD is turned on by the contact PD _1a and is self-maintained by the magnetic contact SDa ₁ . At the same time, the contacts SDb ₁ , SDb ₂ are opened and the contacts SDa ₂ are connected. Therefore, the power supply circuit from the emergency power source E to the electromagnetic brake MB is cut off, while the output of the storage device ME is applied to the terminal 2 of the current control device CI. That is, the current controller CI controls the braking torque by supplying a current to the electromagnetic brake MB according to the output of the storage field ME. At this time, the output of the storage device ME becomes equal to the output of the function generator F when the contact SDb ₁ is opened, that is, at the start of deceleration. The function generator F generates an output voltage inversely proportional to the input voltage as shown in FIG. In order to have such characteristics, the function generator F is configured as shown in FIG. That is, the circuit of the function generator F includes a rectifier circuit composed of diodes Di ₅ -Di ₈ to obtain a speed signal in a constant direction regardless of the rising and falling of the elevator.

The voltage of the DC power supply E ₁ and the output voltage of the rectifier circuit are opposite polarities. The symbol R ₃ denotes the output resistance of the rectifier circuit, and Cf denotes the smoothing capacitor, so that when the elevator speed at the deceleration start point is high, the current flowing to the electromagnetic brake MB becomes small, and the braking torque becomes large. As a result, if a change in the speed of the elevator occurs at the start of the deceleration, the change in the travel distance from the start of the deceleration to the stop point is less. When the decelerated elevator approaches the arrival point of the nearest floor, the contact PD _2a of the stop point detection relay PD ₂ of FIG. 4 is connected. At this time, since the speed of the elevator is very low, the contact point V _2b of the low speed relay V ₂ is also connected, and the stop relay SP is turned on.

Accordingly, the contact SPb of the stop relay SP is opened to turn off the electromagnetic brake power supply relay EM. Since the contact EMa is opened when the relay EM is turned off, the power supply of the electromagnetic brake MB is completely cut off. As a result, the elevator cage CA can finally reach the nearest floor.

Next, a case where the elevator is decelerating toward an arbitrary floor will be described.

In FIG. 4, the contact DEa of the deceleration relay DE is in a connected state. When a power failure occurs, the contacts Nb ₁ and Nb ₂ are all connected, and as described above, the power supply relay EM of the electronic brake is turned on to connect the contacts EMa. On the other hand, the blackout time relay NT loses magnetization due to the opening of the contact Na, but the contact NTa opens after a slight delay. Therefore, the constant braking relay CB is turned on by the path E → Sa ₄ → Nb ₂ → DEa → NTa → CB-E, and the relay CB is self-holding by the connection of the contact CBa ₁ . As a result, the contacts CBb ₁ , CBb ₂ are all open and the contacts CBa ₂ are connected. On the other hand, a constant input signal set by the resistor R ₂ is given to the current control device CI. The reason is that if a certain braking torque is given during deceleration, it can decelerate according to the set deceleration curve regardless of the timing. If the load of the elevator cage CA is different, the magnitude of the braking torque required is of course also different, but the ability to reach the required floor under balanced load conditions is obtained by means of the preset braking torque.

In order for the elevator to decelerate sufficiently to reach the floor, the electromagnetic brake MB is finally operated to stop the elevator as described above.

Finally, the state immediately after the elevator leaves any floor is described.

In this state, since the elevator is not sufficiently accelerated and the low speed relay V ₂ is still OFF, the contact V _2a is open. On the other hand, since the elevator is accelerating, the contact point ACb of the acceleration relay AC is also open. Therefore, when a power failure occurs, the electromagnetic brake power supply relay EM is not turned on and the contact FMa is not connected in FIG. For this reason, the electromagnetic brake MB is separated from the power supply when a power failure occurs in the three-phase AC power supplies U, V, and W. The blackout of the electronic brake MB is also maintained. As a result, the elevator can be stopped immediately.

Passengers can thus escape to the departure floor.

As described above, the present invention eliminates the need for an energy source for driving an elevator kinetic system in case of power failure, and obtains the effect of reducing the capacity (eg, battery) and size of the standby power source and making it inexpensive.

In particular, when the present invention is applied to an alternating current elevator, no converter is required, so the device is simple and the cost-effectiveness is remarkable.

The adjustable braking means in this embodiment is constituted by a combination of a current control device (e.g. using an interrupter) (CI) and an electromagnetic brake (MB), but such a braking means and any braking means other than the electromagnetic brake and its It is not mentioned until it is constructed by the control unit coupling.

Claims (1)

Electric motor (M) for vertical movement of elevator cage (CA) by driving elevator cage (CA), counterweight (CW), pulley (S) connected by rope (R) passing on pulley (S), In the electromagnetic brake MB arranged to brake the elevator system, the first detection device for detecting the power failure and the emergency power E, the difference between the weight of the car and the weight of the counterweight is greater than or equal to a predetermined value. A second detection device for detecting cognition, the first detection device for disconnecting or disconnecting the emergency power (E) to the electronic brake (MB) when the first detection device detects a power failure and the second detection device detects that the difference is less than the predetermined value Automatic implantation device in case of power failure of elevator composed of current control device (CI).

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