KR20240102444A - SU-MISO system with nonlinear PA - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
Abstract
본 발명은 비선형 PA를 가지는 SU-MISO 시스템에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따르면, 단일 송신 안테나와 다중 수신 안테나를 이용한 단일 사용자를 위한 MISO 시스템에서 비선형 PA를 가지는 SU-MISO 시스템을 제공한다.
본 발명에 따르면, 단일 사용자를 위한 MISO 시스템에서 비선형 PA를 가지는 SU-MISO 시스템을 제공할 수 있다.The present invention relates to a SU-MISO system with nonlinear PA. According to the present invention, a SU-MISO system with non-linear PA in a MISO system for a single user using a single transmit antenna and multiple receive antennas is provided.
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a SU-MISO system with non-linear PA in a MISO system for a single user.
Description
본 발명은 비선형 PA를 가지는 SU-MISO 시스템에 관한 것으로, 단일 송신 안테나와 다중 수신 안테나를 이용한 단일 사용자를 위한 MISO 시스템에서 비선형 PA를 가지는 SU-MISO 시스템에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a SU-MISO system with non-linear PA, and relates to a SU-MISO system with non-linear PA in a MISO system for a single user using a single transmit antenna and multiple receive antennas.
무선 통신 환경에서 신호의 감쇄와 왜곡은 다중 경로 페이딩에 의해 발생한다. 이러한 문제는 다중 안테나를 사용함으로써 효과적으로 해결 할 수 있는데 MIMO-OFDM 기법이 대표적인 방법 중 하나이다.In a wireless communication environment, signal attenuation and distortion are caused by multipath fading. This problem can be effectively solved by using multiple antennas, and MIMO-OFDM technique is one of the representative methods.
OFDM 기법을 사용하게 되면 다중 경로 페이딩으로 인한 주파수 선택적 페이딩에 강인하게 되고 높은 대역폭 효율을 얻을 수 있다. 또한 송수신단에서 IFFT(Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) 및 FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)를 이용하여 디지털 신호 처리를 쉽게 할 수 있다.By using OFDM technique, it is robust against frequency selective fading due to multi-path fading and can achieve high bandwidth efficiency. Additionally, digital signal processing can be easily performed using IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) at the transmitting and receiving end.
MISO(Single User-Multiple Input Single Output) 시스템은 단일 송신 안테나와 다중 수신 안테나를 이용하는 기법으로 2개 이상의 송신 안테나를 이용하므로 송신 다이버시티 효과는 있으나 단일 수신 안테나를 사용하므로 공간 다중화 효과는 없는 시스템이다.The MISO (Single User-Multiple Input Single Output) system is a technique that uses a single transmit antenna and multiple receive antennas. It uses two or more transmit antennas, so it has a transmit diversity effect, but it does not have a spatial multiplexing effect because it uses a single receive antenna. .
본 발명은 단일 송신 안테나와 다중 수신 안테나를 이용한 단일 사용자를 위한 MISO 시스템에서 비선형 PA를 가지는 SU-MISO 시스템을 제공하는데 목적이 있다. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a SU-MISO system with non-linear PA in a MISO system for a single user using a single transmit antenna and multiple receive antennas.
본 발명은 단일 송신 안테나와 다중 수신 안테나를 이용한 단일 사용자를 위한 MISO 시스템에서 비선형 PA를 가지는 SU-MISO 시스템을 제공한다. The present invention provides a SU-MISO system with nonlinear PA in a MISO system for a single user using a single transmit antenna and multiple receive antennas.
본 발명에 따르면, 단일 사용자를 위한 MISO 시스템에서 비선형 PA를 가지는 SU-MISO 시스템을 제공할 수 있다.According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a SU-MISO system with non-linear PA in a MISO system for a single user.
도 1은 본 발명의 실시예에서 SNR에 따른 achievable rate를 구한 결과를 나타낸 도면이다. Figure 1 is a diagram showing the results of calculating an achievable rate according to SNR in an embodiment of the present invention.
그러면 첨부한 도면을 참고로 하여 본 발명의 실시 예에 대하여 본 발명이 속하는 기술 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자가 용이하게 실시할 수 있도록 상세히 설명한다. 그러나 본 발명은 여러 가지 상이한 형태로 구현될 수 있으며 여기에서 설명하는 실시 예에 한정되지 않는다. 그리고 도면에서 본 발명을 명확하게 설명하기 위해서 설명과 관계없는 부분은 생략하였으며, 명세서 전체를 통하여 유사한 부분에 대해서는 유사한 도면 부호를 붙였다. Then, with reference to the attached drawings, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those skilled in the art can easily implement the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. In order to clearly explain the present invention in the drawings, parts unrelated to the description are omitted, and similar parts are given similar reference numerals throughout the specification.
명세서 전체에서, 어떤 부분이 다른 부분과 "연결"되어 있다고 할 때, 이는 "직접적으로 연결"되어 있는 경우뿐 아니라, 그 중간에 다른 소자를 사이에 두고 "전기적으로 연결"되어 있는 경우도 포함한다. 또한 어떤 부분이 어떤 구성요소를 "포함"한다고 할 때, 이는 특별히 반대되는 기재가 없는 한 다른 구성요소를 제외하는 것이 아니라 다른 구성요소를 더 포함할 수 있는 것을 의미한다. Throughout the specification, when a part is said to be “connected” to another part, this includes not only cases where it is “directly connected,” but also cases where it is “electrically connected” with another element in between. . Additionally, when a part "includes" a certain component, this means that it may further include other components rather than excluding other components, unless specifically stated to the contrary.
본 발명은 비선형 PA(nonlinear PA)를 가지는 SU-MISO system을 제공한다. The present invention provides a SU-MISO system with nonlinear PA.
1. 시스템 모델1. System model
먼저, 수신 신호 모델은 아래와 같이 정의된다. First, the received signal model is defined as follows.
: distorted transmitted signal vector, : channel vector : distorted transmitted signal vector, : channel vector
SU-MIMO downlink system을 고려한다. Consider SU-MIMO downlink system.
: precoding vector, , s: transmitted symbol, : precoding vector, , s: transmitted symbol,
수신 신호 y는 다음의 수학식 2와 같이 표현할 수 있다.The received signal y can be expressed as Equation 2 below.
Nonlinear PA model은 다음과 같다.Nonlinear PA model is as follows.
PA의 nonlinearity를 반영한 송신 신호의 식은 다음 수학식 3과 같다. polynomial PA model을 사용하였다.The equation for the transmission signal reflecting the nonlinearity of the PA is as follows: A polynomial PA model was used.
여기서, 이다. here, am.
2. Problem formulation2. Problem formulation
먼저, Achievable rate maximization를 설명한다. First, we explain Achievable rate maximization.
종래의 경우 아래와 같이 desired signal과 interference 성분을 어떻게 보느냐에 따라 2가지 case로 나누어서 SINR을 계산하였다.In the conventional case, SINR was calculated by dividing into two cases depending on how the desired signal and interference components were viewed as follows.
Case 1: , PA output의 linear 성분만을 signal로 취급한 경우, 3차 이상의 polynomial 성분은 간섭으로 취급한다. instantaneous 정보만을 필요로 한다.Case 1: , if only the linear component of the PA output is treated as a signal, polynomial components of the third order or higher are treated as interference. Requires only instantaneous information.
Case 2: , Bussgang decomposition의 linear 성분을 signal로 취급한 경우, long-term 신호 정보를 필요로 한다.Case 2: , if the linear component of Bussgang decomposition is treated as a signal, long-term signal information is required.
여기서, 이다.here, am.
Case 2를 가정하여, transmitted symbol과 correlated된 성분을 signal로 취급하고, SINR을 계산하여 achievable rate를 maximization하는 것을 objective로 설정하였다.Assuming Case 2, the transmitted symbol and the correlated component were treated as signals, and the objective was set to calculate SINR and maximize the achievable rate.
이 경우 objective를 다음과 같이 표현할 수 있다.In this case, the objective can be expressed as follows.
Linearity coefficient 와 수신 신호 는 모두 beamforming vector 의 함수이므로, 를 적절하게 설계하여 SINR을 최대화해야 한다.Linearity coefficient and receive signal are all beamforming vectors Since it is a function of must be designed appropriately to maximize SINR.
3. Optimization3.Optimization
Challenges는 다음과 같다.The challenges are as follows:
해당 optimization 문제에서 가장 큰 문제는 각 order 성분 가 같은 beamforming vector의 함수로, 서로 coupling되어 있어 linear 성분과 nonlinear 성분을 따로 control하기 어렵다.The biggest problem in this optimization problem is that each order component is a function of the same beamforming vector, and because they are coupled to each other, it is difficult to control the linear and nonlinear components separately.
Case 1과는 다르게 nonlinear 성분이 desired signal 성분과 distortion 성분에 모두 포함되어 있으며, SNR에 따른 control이 필요하다.Unlike Case 1, nonlinear components are included in both the desired signal component and the distortion component, and control according to SNR is required.
Strategy는 다음과 같다.Strategy is as follows.
Direct한 최적화가 어려워 다음과 같이 2단계로 분리하였다.Because direct optimization was difficult, it was separated into two stages as follows.
1. 를 control variable로 objective를 최적화한다.One. Optimize the objective with the control variable.
2. 1단계에서 주어진 값으로부터 beamforming vector 를 최적화한다.2. Given in step 1 beamforming vector from value Optimize.
1단계에서 가 decoupling되므로 beamforming vector로부터 실제로 얻을 수 있는 값과 차이가 있으나, 이로부터 허용되는 대략적인 distortion의 크기를 예측할 수 있다.In step 1 Since is decoupled, there is a difference from the value that can actually be obtained from the beamforming vector, but the approximate size of allowable distortion can be predicted from this.
예측된 distortion 크기로부터 어떤 방향으로 최적화해야 하는지를 알 수 있으며, (low SNR: desired signal 최대화, high SNR: interference 최소화) 해당 구간에서 맞는 방법으로 beamforming vector를 최적화할 수 있다.From the predicted distortion size, you can know which direction to optimize (low SNR: maximize desired signal, high SNR: minimize interference), and you can optimize the beamforming vector in a method appropriate for the corresponding section.
4. Proposed Algorithm4. Proposed Algorithm
주어진 로부터 beamforming vector 를 최적화한다.given From beamforming vector Optimize.
Beamforming vector를 로 initialize한다.Beamforming vector Initialize with .
번째 order 성분이 보다 작은 경우, 다음 과정을 반복한다. (low SNR) The second order component is If it is smaller, repeat the next process. (low SNR)
Normalize Normalize
번째 order 성분이 보다 큰 경우, 다음 과정을 반복한다. (high SNR) The second order component is If larger, repeat the next process. (high SNR)
Normalize Normalize
번째 order 성분이 에 가까워질 때까지 위 과정을 반복한다. The second order component is Repeat the above process until you get closer to .
5. Simulation results5.Simulation results
Simulation settings은 다음과 같다.Simulation settings are as follows.
, SU-MISO system, 16-QAM modulation, Rayleigh fading channel , SU-MISO system, 16-QAM modulation, Rayleigh fading channel
PA는 9-th order polynomial을 가정, polynomial coefficient는 [2]를 reproducing할 때 사용한 coefficient를 사용한다. PA assumes a 9-th order polynomial, and the polynomial coefficient uses the coefficient used when reproducing [2].
MATLAB의 nonconvex optimization function을 사용하여 최적 precoding vector를 찾음, global optimal을 보장하지는 않음.Find the optimal precoding vector using MATLAB's nonconvex optimization function, but do not guarantee global optimality.
Simulation result - achievable rate는 다음과 같다.Simulation result - achievable rate is as follows.
SNR에 따른 achievable rate를 구한다.Find the achievable rate according to SNR.
MRT, EGT, optimized precoding, proposed scheme의 결과를 비교한다.Compare the results of MRT, EGT, optimized precoding, and proposed scheme.
도 1은 본 발명의 실시예에서 SNR에 따른 achievable rate를 구한 결과를 나타낸 도면이다. Figure 1 is a diagram showing the results of calculating an achievable rate according to SNR in an embodiment of the present invention.
Low SNR에서는 MRT이 optimal하다 후에 EGT가 optimal하며, 이후에는 optimal과 conventional scheme 간의 간격이 발생한다. At low SNR, MRT is optimal, then EGT becomes optimal, and then a gap occurs between the optimal and conventional schemes.
현재 proposed scheme은 low SNR에서는 MRT, high SNR에서는 EGT의 성능과 유사하나, high SNR에서 optimal scheme과의 gap이 다소 발생한다. The current proposed scheme is similar to the performance of MRT at low SNR and EGT at high SNR, but there is a slight gap with the optimal scheme at high SNR.
간격이 벌어지는 지점이 achievable rate의 peak point 이후 지점이므로, 개선의 필요성 검토가 필요하다.Since the point where the gap widens is after the peak point of the achievable rate, it is necessary to review the need for improvement.
MISO system에서 beamforming 최적화로 얻는 이득은 적은 것으로 판단된다. 전에 MIMO system에서 실험했던 ZF과 같이 간섭 제거를 위해 안테나 간 weight의 차이가 크게 발생하는 경우 성능을 개선할 여지가 있을 지 확인 필요하다.The benefit gained from beamforming optimization in the MISO system is judged to be small. If there is a large difference in weight between antennas to eliminate interference, as in the case of ZF, which was previously tested in a MIMO system, it is necessary to check whether there is room to improve performance.
본 발명은 도면에 도시된 실시 예를 참고로 설명되었으나 이는 예시적인 것에 불과하며, 본 기술 분야의 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 이로부터 다양한 변형 및 균등한 다른 실시 예가 가능하다는 점을 이해할 것이다. 따라서, 본 발명의 진정한 기술적 보호 범위는 첨부된 특허청구범위의 기술적 사상에 의하여 정해져야 할 것이다.The present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but these are merely illustrative, and those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and equivalent other embodiments are possible therefrom. Therefore, the true scope of technical protection of the present invention should be determined by the technical spirit of the attached patent claims.
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| KR20240102444A true KR20240102444A (en) | 2024-07-03 |
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