KR20240088931A - Panels that can be interconnected with similar panels to form a covering - Google Patents

Abstract

Over the past 10 years, the market for laminates for rigid floor coverings has made tremendous progress. It is known that floor panels can be installed on the lower floor in a variety of ways. For example, it is known that floor panels are attached to a lower floor by gluing or nailing the floor panel onto the lower floor. The present invention relates to panels, particularly floor panels, that can be interconnected with similar panels to form a covering. The invention also relates to a covering consisting of interconnected panels.

Description

Panels that can be interconnected with similar panels to form a covering

The present invention relates to panels that can be interconnected with similar panels to form a covering, in particular floor panels, wall panels or ceiling panels. The invention also relates to a covering consisting of interconnected panels.

Over the past 10 years, the market for laminates for hard floor coverings has made tremendous progress. It is known to install floor panels on a lower floor in a variety of ways. For example, it is known that floor panels are attached to a lower floor by gluing or nailing the floor panels to the lower floor. This technique has the disadvantage of being somewhat complicated and subsequent changes can only be made by separating the floor panels. According to an alternative installation method, the floor panels are loosely installed onto the subflooring, whereby the floor panels are mated to each other by tongue and groove joints, whereby they are predominantly tongue and groove joints. and are bonded together in the groove. Floors obtained in this way, also called floating parquet flooring, have the advantage that they are easy to install and that the entire floor surface can be moved, which is often convenient, in order to accommodate possible expansion and contraction phenomena. The disadvantage of the above-mentioned type of floor covering is, first of all, that if the floor panels are loosely installed on the sub-flooring, then during the expansion of the floor and its subsequent contraction, the floor panels themselves may move apart and, as a result, for example, weaken the adhesive connection, which is not desirable. This means that a gap may be formed. To improve this drawback, techniques are already being considered to provide connecting elements made of metal between single floor panels to hold them together. However, these connecting elements are quite expensive to manufacture, and their provision or installation is a time-consuming task. It leads to a relatively reliable and durable connection at all edges and improves the joint profile of the panels, especially floor panels, which can be installed relatively easily, preferably without the need for additional connecting means such as adhesives or metal connecting elements. There is a need.

One method of connecting panels, especially floor panels, that has been widely used over the past few years is a joint technique known as a folding joint, in which all sides of the panels are joined with the same movement. This movement typically involves a rotational or tilting movement along a long side or pair of sides of the panel. During this rotational movement the other side pair, or short side, naturally moves downward or vertically, and the joining parts of this side pair are made to allow engagement during this movement. When panels are joined in this way, a tilting or rotational movement is initiated first, and at some point the joining parts of different side pairs are joined. The time at which the mating portions of the side pairs are in contact is typically the moment at which the panel is damaged or broken.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved floor panel that can be combined in an improved manner with other panels, whereby one or more of the disadvantages mentioned above are preferably excluded.

The present invention provides a panel according to the preamble to this, and the panel is

It includes a core having an upper side and a lower side and a first pair of opposing edges and a second pair of opposing edges:

The first pair of opposing edges is:

■ Preferably, a first edge comprising a side projection, in particular a side tongue, extending in a direction substantially parallel to the upper side of the panel, and

■ a recess for receiving the first edge of the additional panel, preferably a side protrusion, in particular at least a part of said side tongue, said recess being defined by an upper lip and a lower lip, said lower lip projecting upwardly; an opposing second edge comprising a shoulder,

- the first edge and the second edge are preferably the first edge of the panel into the recess of the further panel by a downward tilting movement and/or a downward movement and/or a substantially vertical movement about an axis parallel to the first edge. designed to allow realizing locking between adjacent panels, preferably by insertion of side protrusions, especially side tongues;

The second pair of opposing edges is:

■ a third edge comprising a single upward tongue, at least one upward flank lying at a distance from the upward flank, and a single upward groove formed between the upward tongue and the upward flank - at least a portion of the side of the upward tongue facing the upward flank; preferably tilted upward towards the upward flank, and

■ a fourth edge comprising a single downward-facing tongue, at least one downward-facing flank lying at a distance from the downward-facing tongue, and a single downward-facing groove formed between the downward-facing tongue and the downward-flank - at least a portion of the side of the downward-facing tongue facing the downward flank. includes a downward tilt toward the downward flank,

(i) at least the first distal end of the third edge, adjacent the first edge, includes at least one alternating portion to facilitate coupling and/or disengagement of the panel to another panel, the alternating portion preferably comprising: forms part of the upward tongue, more preferably is located at least on or at the upper side of the upward tongue, and/or

(ii) at least the first distal end of the fourth edge, adjacent the first edge, comprises at least one alternating portion to facilitate coupling and/or disengagement of the panel to another panel, the alternating portion preferably comprising: forms part of the downward tongue and is more preferably located at least on or at the lowermost side of the downward tongue.

A panel according to the invention comprises a first pair of complementary bonding profiles at a first pair of opposing edges and a separate second pair of complementary bonding profiles at a second pair of opposing edges. The first and second edges facilitate easy installation of the panel by inserting the side protrusions, especially the side tongue, of the first edge of the panel to be joined in an inclined position into the recess of the second edge of the already installed panel, after which The panel will be angled (pivoted) until both panels are in the same plane, otherwise they will be moved downward. This tilting down or alternatively lowering process leads to locking of both panels at the first and second edges in both the horizontal and vertical directions, but due to the presence of the third and fourth edges and in particular the panels to be joined. Improved locking may be realized by snapping or clicking or positioning the fourth edge of a panel to be joined to the third edge of another panel to force it during a downward tilt movement of the panel. Because the third and fourth edges are commonly perpendicular to the first and second edges, a scissoring movement may occur, resulting in snapping or zipping of the fourth edge of the panel to be joined and the third edge of the panel already installed relative to each other. It continues. Preferably, the third profile has a closed upward groove, while at least part of the side of the upward tongue facing the upward flank preferably extends in the normal direction of the upper side of the core (and for this reason preferably inclined upward towards the upward flank), and since the fourth profile preferably has a closed downward groove, at least part of the side of the downward tongue facing toward the downward flank is preferably in the direction normal to the lower side of the core. extending (and for this reason preferably sloping downwards towards the downward flank), whereas after a preferably temporary and/or preferably elastic deformation of the third edge and/or the fourth edge, the adjacent panels Only the interconnection of the third and fourth edges can be established, leading to a relatively robust, reliable and durable connection at the third and fourth edges.

At least the first distal end of the third edge, adjacent the first edge, preferably has a third or 4 comprising at least one changing part to prevent damage to the edge, wherein the changing part is preferably arranged on the upward tongue, more preferably at least on the upper side of the upward tongue and/or with another panel. To facilitate joining and/or separating a panel from another panel, at least a first distal end of the fourth edge, adjacent to the first edge, preferably includes at least one alternating portion, is preferably arranged on the downward tongue, more preferably at least on the lowermost side of the downward tongue.

The altered portion may, for example, locally weaken the bonded portion, which at least temporarily or permanently promotes deformation of the bonded portion. In particular, in the case of a closed groove mating system where the side of the upward tongue facing the upward flank is inclined towards the upward flank, expansion of the upward groove needs to occur, for example so that the mating parts can fit into each other. Deformation is promoted at the edges of the upward tongue by locally weakening the joining portion, for example the upper surface of the upward tongue. Typically this edge of the upward tongue is the first portion of the third joint that meets the additional panel being joined to the existing panel. The weakening of this edge portion therefore allows for easier initial joining or expansion of the upward groove, which facilitates joining and prevents breakage or damage in the early stages of joining. For this reason, the panel according to the invention can be assembled in a relatively easy way without the need for additional connecting elements, yet leads to a robust and durable connection. It is conceivable that features as described for the upward tongue are present in the downward tongue in addition to or instead of the weakening portion of the upward tongue, where the same advantages and optional features apply mutatis mutandis to the downward tongue features.

Each modified portion may be a concave portion, a weakened portion, a thinned portion, a milled portion, a cut portion, a relatively elastic portion, a treated portion, and/or a machined portion. In all cases the changing part is the part that allows easier joining of the panels at the first and second panel edges of adjacent panels. In the context of the present invention, the relative term vertical relates to the direction from the rear side of the panel to the front side of the panel. For a floor panel laid horizontally on the floor, it will be vertical as the term is typically used. For the wall panels it will be flipped 90 degrees, for the ceiling panels it will still be vertical but flipped 180 degrees.

As mentioned, the third and fourth edges are usually perpendicular to the first and second edges, but this need not be the case. During joining of the third and fourth edges of adjacent panels, a scissoring movement occurs which leads to snapping and zipping of the fourth edge of the panel to be joined and the third edge of the already installed panel relative to each other. will be. During this scissoring movement and before snapping or zipping occurs, the downward tongue of the fourth edge is pressed against the upward tongue of the third edge, and at this stage of the joining process there is a relatively small gap between the two panels to be joined. There is a contact area, resulting in relatively high forces (and high momentum). In order to reduce this force and facilitate the joining process and prevent damage to the scissoring movement panel, in the panel according to the invention one or more change parts are located on the third edge and/or the fourth edge, which are preferably joined. It is located in the critical area(s) during which the aforementioned high forces are generated, which is typically at the first distal end of the third edge and/or the first distal end of the fourth edge. Preferably, the at least one modified portion comprises and/or is formed by a weakening portion and/or a cut portion at the first distal end of the third edge, in particular the upward tongue of the third edge. This weakening portion and/or incision located near the first distal end of the third edge allows for more equalization of forces at at least the third edge of the panel during scissoring movement of the panel toward the third edge of another panel. The part is advantageous. The weakening portion is preferably positioned so that the peak of the force within the material of the upward tongue by the downward tongue is (significantly) reduced during engagement. The application of incisions can prevent the creation of critical peak stresses and thus create a space that can facilitate smooth joining and/or separation of the bonding profiles of adjacent panels, where the risk of damage and/or breakage is greatly reduced and It can even be removed. The weakening portion of the upward tongue may comprise, for example, at least one recess, at least one slot and/or at least one slit of the upward tongue. The recess may result in a locally wider upward groove that facilitates insertion of the downward tongue into the upward groove. The slit may result in an upward tongue that is more flexible and less rigid, thus reducing resistance to transient deformation during scissoring movements during bonding.

The panel according to the invention facilitates that the forces are distributed more evenly over the upward tongue and the second locking element during the scissoring movement of the panel during their interconnection. Due to the weakened portion, the internal tension within the material of the upward tongue of the panel is reduced during joining. This prevents panel damage during joining, especially broken upward tongues. Preventing this damage is advantageous, as it will reduce waste of broken and/or damaged panels. It is also advantageous to avoid damaged but still connectable panels to prevent uncontrollable weak connections.

The panel according to the present invention may include a recess in the upward tongue to locally weaken the upward tongue while retaining sufficient body in the upper tongue to provide a good bond.

In order to facilitate joining and/or separating, at least one, preferably each changing part, can be arranged so that it is at least temporarily or permanently deformed during the joining of the two panels. For example, if the alteration part includes a recess or slit, the material around the recess or slit may be deformed by being pressed toward the recess or slit, which may locally reduce the thickness of the upward tongue, causing the upward tongue to It allows fitting into the downward groove of the additional panel in an easier manner.

It is conceivable and even desirable that both the third and fourth edges include a change portion at their first distal end. Preferably, in the joined state of the two panels, at least one alternating portion of one of the third and fourth edges of the first panel will point towards a portion of a complementary edge of the second panel. This latter-mentioned part may or may not be a change part. If the modifying portions are applied at both the first distal end of the third edge and the first distal end of the fourth edge, the modifying portions will face each other in the joined state. The opposing changing parts may have the same design and/or the same dimensions, but may also have different designs and/or mutually different dimensions. In a joined state of adjacent panels, the opposing changing parts may be positioned at least partly at a distance from each other and/or may be at least partly adjacent to each other. In the case of mutual abutments, the forces exerted on each other by the changing parts are preferably limited and preferably (substantially) non-existent.

The third edge and/or the fourth edge, preferably its first distal end, has a varying cross-section as seen along the length of the third edge, preferably in a direction parallel to the first and second edges. You can have it. Preferably this varying cross-section increases (surface area) and/or widens towards the first distal end of each edge. This changing cross section is typically the result of a changing section and can be achieved, for example, by removing beveled or chamfered sections in the upward tongue, especially with a closed groove joining system. In a closed groove system, the interior of the upward tongue is inclined towards the upward flank, so that its upper side lies more towards the upward flank compared to the lower side. By removing more of the top side at the edge and less away from the edge, a beveled or chamfered alternating section is provided, which results in a bonded system at the bonded position, where the bonded system at the edge is compared to a bonded system away from the edge. The system is not closed.

an altered portion at least compared to a middle portion of a third or fourth edge or a portion of a third or fourth edge that is not adjacent to a first edge, or compared to a portion of a third or fourth edge that is adjacent to a second edge may include a section from which panel material is removed. For example, material removal occurs by milling grooves or slits in the upward tongue. Material may be removed at an in-line stage during the manufacturing of the panel. This is advantageous because the in-line stage is a cost-effective and fast production method.

At least a portion of the side of the upward tongue facing away from the upward flank may include a first locking element; The downward flank may comprise a second locking element adapted for interaction with a first locking element of the third edge of the additional panel. The locking element can be used to further lock the at least two joined panels in place and can also prevent and/or inhibit (unwanted) separation, for example in the vertical direction. The upward and downward tongues can prevent separation of the panels in the horizontal direction, and the closed groove or slanted side of the tongue facing the flank can also help prevent separation in the vertical direction. Preferably, at least a part of the modified portion of the third edge, in particular the upward tongue, is substantially absent of said first locking element or comprises a modified first locking element.

The part of the side of the upturned tongue facing the upward flank is preferably inclined towards the core, preferably so that the side part of the upturned tongue and the plane of the core of the panel enclose an angle of less than 90 degrees. The 90 degree angle is flat and the side of the upward tongue facing the upward flank will not be inclined toward the core. Preferably the angle is between 45 degrees and 89.9 degrees (not including 90 degrees), more particularly between 75 degrees and 89.9 degrees (not including 90 degrees). Alternatively, the angle is between 45 degrees and 89.5 degrees, more particularly between 75 degrees and 89.5 degrees. In the actual embodiment the angle is approximately 87.5 degrees. Compared to a vertical plane (where the interior will not be tilted), this results in an interior angle of approximately 2.5 degrees. This angle is a compromise between ease of engagement and sufficient vertical locking. Preferably, the same preference applies to the preferred inclination of the (inner) side of the downward tongue towards the downward flank. Alternatively, at least a portion of the side of the upward tongue facing the upward flank is inclined upwardly away from the upward flank and/or at least a portion of the side of the downward tongue toward the downward flank is inclined downwardly away from the downward flank. The point is conceivable. This alternative embodiment would lead to an open groove configuration rather than a closed groove configuration.

The altered portion is along a portion of the third or fourth edge, preferably along at most one-third of the length of the third or fourth edge, more preferably at most one-quarter of the length of the third or fourth edge. It can be extended accordingly. Preferably, the length (viewed from the edge direction) of at least one, preferably each modified part is less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5 mm. The changing part facilitates deformation and thus joining of the panels, but it also provides a weakening part and thus a reduced locking effect locally. To maintain the desired locking condition and prevent separation of the panels, the changing portion preferably extends only along a portion of the third or fourth edge, although the changing portion may extend along the entire length of the third or fourth edge, or nearly the entire length. It is also conceivable to include a recess or slit extending over (more than half, for example more than 2/3, or more than 3/4 of the length).

The at least one modified portion located at the first distal end of the third edge and/or fourth edge may decrease in height and/or width over at least part of its length, starting at the upper side of the (upward) tongue. Thus, the height and/or width may be reduced in a direction toward the first edge, and may also be located near the first edge of the panel, preferably in an area up to the first edge. Preferably, the height reduction ends at a height substantially equal to the height of the upward groove. Height reduction may be profiled or gradual. This height reduction may be part of the change. Reducing the height and/or width results in more gradual forces within the material during joining of two adjacent panels, thereby reducing the height of the internal maximum force during joining.

The first distal end may include a sloped surface, where the sloped surface encloses an angle with the rear side of the panel, and the sloped surface preferably extends along the entire length of the transition portion. The inclined surface may, for example, extend further compared to the transition portion. Alternatively, the upper side of the upturned tongue may be inclined, for example downward towards the side of the upturned tongue facing away from the upright flank. The width of the inclined surface may for example widen towards the first edge (when viewed in plan view). At the first edge, contact is most likely to occur first between the panels during joining. While joining may be easiest at the first edge, less assistance is needed as the joining process progresses. The first distal end of the third edge may include at least one surface, which is a planar surface that faces substantially upward and extends over the entire length of the modified portion.

Preferably, the changing portion(s) of the first distal end of the third edge and/or the fourth edge comprise at least one slit or slot. This slit or slot may extend in a direction parallel to the third or fourth edge. These slits or slots may define a plane that coincides with and/or runs parallel to the plane defined by the panel. Alternatively or additionally, these slits or slots may define a plane perpendicular to the plane defined by the panel.

The modification portion located at the first distal end of the third edge and/or the fourth edge may preferably comprise at least two adjacent surfaces extending together over the entire length of the modification portion. Preferably a first of said adjacent surfaces is an inclined surface, wherein the height of the first surface may decrease towards the first edge. A second of the adjacent surfaces is preferably oriented substantially horizontally and is located closer to the first edge of the panel compared to the first surface. In this embodiment, the first surface is connected to the second surface, where both surfaces are oriented side by side when viewed from a side view of the third edge and/or fourth edge. Adjacent surfaces can define the entire change.

The modifying portion located at the first distal end of the third edge and/or fourth edge may include a curved recess. The curvature of the curved recess can be such that, for example, at the distal end the recess is deepest or most material is removed, while more and more material is present towards the remainder of the panel. In this embodiment, the panel curvature smoothes the joining of adjacent panels while maintaining sufficient body within the upward tongue for a good joining.

The first distal end of the third edge and/or fourth edge may include at least one wedge-shaped recess, wherein the wedge-shaped V portion runs substantially parallel to the first edge of the panel. . Preferably, the wedge-shaped recess intersects the entire width of the upward and/or downward tongue. The wedge-shaped recess of this embodiment creates a localized area of weakness in the upward tongue, creating space for deforming the material, preferably temporarily, with less internal force or tension within the material. The wedge shape can be applied, for example, by a milling operation or by pressing. The advantage of this embodiment is that a relatively small amount of material may have to be removed to create the altered part, where the relatively more material remaining still allows for realizing a strong bond.

In a further embodiment, the at least one modifying portion may include a slit. Panels according to the invention can be manufactured in an automated processing line layout. For manufacturing purposes, this is advantageous when the slit runs substantially parallel to the third edge. In the case of such positioned slits, the slits can be manufactured in an in-line process step, making the manufacturing step easy, fast and inexpensive, since it is possible to integrate the manufacturing of the change part into an automated processing line already in use. Various embodiments are conceivable. These embodiments have in common a balance between ease of joining and strength of the bond when joined. The slit may extend from a distal end of the third edge and/or fourth edge to an opposite distal end.

The first distal end of the third edge may comprise a slit, the slit comprising at least one V-shaped slit, the V-shaped slit extending substantially perpendicular to the first edge of the panel and preferably extends over the entire length of the upward tongue. The slits may be continuous slits or may be discontinuous (intermittent) slits. It may be desirable for the at least one slit to be present only at the first distal end (section) of the third edge and/or the fourth edge.

In another embodiment, the modifying portion located at the first distal end of the third and/or fourth edge preferably spans at least part of the length of each edge, in particular each of at least one of said edges. and at least one substantially linear slit extending over at least a portion of the length of the tongue. The slit may, for example, extend over the entire length of the third edge, where the slit may have an opening towards the upward tongue, the slit may be oriented as a horizontal slit, the opening of the slit may be oriented towards the upward flank, or , the slit may be angled, or if the slit is a vertical slit, the opening of the slit may be oriented upward. Vertical slits are easier to manufacture than horizontal slits.

In another embodiment, the first distal end of the third edge can include at least one slit, wherein the at least one slit extends across the width of the upwardly projecting shoulder parallel to the first edge and extends across the first distal end of the panel. A substantially vertical slit located near the edge. The vertical position is advantageous because it is easily accessible and therefore easy to manufacture. In this embodiment, the effect of the slit at the transition portion is less than that of the slit along the entire length of the upward tongue, but when joined it results in a stronger bond.

The changing portion may include at least one slit, where the at least one slit is a substantially vertical slit extending parallel to the third edge of the panel, preferably over the entire length of the upward or downward tongue. It is also conceivable that the at least one slit is a substantially horizontal slit extending over the length of the upward tongue or the downward tongue, preferably where the slit starts on the side facing a single upward groove.

The alteration portion may include at least one slit, wherein the at least one slit encloses an angle of substantially 20 to 40 degrees with the lower side of the panel, preferably extending over the length of the upward tongue, wherein preferably The slit begins on the side facing a single upward groove.

In an embodiment of the invention, the slit extends at least one-third of the width of the upward and/or downward tongue, preferably along at least half the width of the upward and/or downward tongue. can be extended in any direction. The degree to which the slit extends, that is, the depth of the slit, is a trade-off between smooth bonding and strong bonding after bonding. Depending on the material selected this may be up to 2/3 of the width of the up and/or down tongue, or even 3/4 of the width of the up and/or down tongue. The greater the extension of the slit, the easier the joining will be, but sufficient strength and rigidity must be maintained when the two panels are in the joined state. The choice of this trade-off depends on the desired panel characteristics.

The vertical or horizontal slits create a hinge effect within the upward tongue (or downward tongue), which relieves temporary deformation of the upward or downward grooves during joining. The small hinge facilitates temporary widening of each groove when the downward and upward tongues are pressed against each other during engagement movement. Preferably, if each groove is temporarily widened, less friction occurs between the upward and downward grooves, resulting in a smoother fit. When engaged, the upward groove and/or downward groove will expand back to its original shape, but at the engagement location provides engagement in the horizontal and vertical directions.

In a preferred embodiment, the panel comprises a closed groove system, wherein at least some of the sides of the downward-facing tongue facing the downward-facing flank can be inclined towards the downward-facing flank and/or wherein at least a portion of the side of the upward-facing tongue facing towards the upward flank Some lean toward an upward flank.

The panel according to the invention is preferably a decorative panel. The panels can be used indoors and/or outdoors. In an embodiment variant the panel is at least partly made of wood. The floor panel may herein form a wooden plank and/or parquet floor panel. However, the panel according to the invention is also particularly suitable for application as a laminated panel, where the panel is formed on the upper side of an optional balancing layer (backing layer), a core layer comprising wood and/or plastic products and a carrier layer. and a laminate of at least one uppermost structure arranged in. The top structure generally includes a decorative layer on top to which a transparent protective layer is applied. The wood or tile structure can be further pressed into the protective layer, whereby in effect the top layer also forms an embossed layer. The decorative layer is usually formed by a picture of wood or tiles printed on paper impregnated with melamine resin. Nowadays, it is also possible to print decorative patterns directly onto the core layer by using dedicated printing devices. The core layer usually comprises wood fibreboard, especially MDF board (medium density fibreboard) or HDF board (high density fibreboard). It is also possible to envisage the floor panels being manufactured entirely from metal and/or fabric instead of being manufactured from wood and/or plastic.

Each first edge (profile) and each third edge (profile) are compatible with each second edge (profile) and each fourth edge (profile) of another panel - for this reason they can interact and interoperate. -It is conceivable. This can apply even when the interlocking joint profiles do not have completely complementary shapes. Preferably, each edge is at least partially formed by a core.

As indicated above, the core is preferably made at least in part from at least one polymer, in particular a thermoplastic material and/or a thermoset material, wherein preferably the core is made from at least one polymer, especially a thermoplastic material and/or a thermoset material. materials, and composites including at least one non-polymerizable material. The non-polymerizable material is preferably steel, glass, polypropylene, wood, acrylic, alumina, curaua, carbon, cellulose, coconut, kevlar, nylon, perlon, rock wool, At least one material selected from the group consisting of sisal, fique, mineral fillers, especially chalk. This may further increase the strength and/or water resistivity of the panel and/or the fire resistance properties of the panel and/or may lower the cost of the panel.

Preferably, the base material of the core, or at least one core layer, comprises a (main) polymer, preferably a thermoplastic material, more preferably PVC, PET, PP, PS, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), PE, especially MDPE and/or HDPE; and combinations thereof. To further reduce the density of the floor covering elements, the PS can be in the form of expanded PS (EPS), which leads to cost savings and facilitates handling of the panels. Additionally, if another thermoplastic material is used, this material can be applied foam to the core, reducing density and cost. Nevertheless, it is also conceivable that the thermoplastic material used as the main polymer is a solid polymer (i.e. an unfoamed polymer). Preferably, at least a portion of the polymer used may be formed by recycled thermoplastics, such as recycled PVC or recycled PU. It is conceivable that a mixture of virgin material and recycled thermoplastic material is used to constitute at least part of the core. Instead of thermoplastic materials, thermoset polymers, such as thermoset polyurethanes, may also be used.

At least a portion of the core may be made of a composite of at least one polymer and at least one non-polymeric material. The composite material of the core layer preferably comprises one or more fillers, wherein the at least one filler preferably includes talc, chalk, wood, calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, calcined clay, porcelain, glass, carbon particles, silicon. It is selected from the group consisting of particles, further mineral fillers, rice, further natural fillers, further (auxiliary) polymers, for example elastomers and/or latex. It is also conceivable that rubber and/or elastomer parts (particles) are dispersed within the composite to improve at least some degree of flexibility and/or impact resistance. (Therefore) the core can be rigid, semi-flexible or flexible and can therefore be a floor covering element. The filler may be formed by fibers such as glass fibers or synthetic or natural leather fibers and/or by particles such as dust. Here, the expression “dust” is understood as small dust-like particles (powders) such as bamboo dust, wood dust, cork dust, or mineral dust, stone dust, in particular non-wood dust such as cement, and combinations thereof. The average particle size of the dust is preferably 14 to 20 microns, more preferably 16 to 18 microns. The main role of this type of filler is to provide sufficient hardness to the core and the panel itself and/or to the core and for this reason to reduce its price. Moreover, this type of filler will typically also improve the impact strength of the core and the panel itself. Preferably, the filler content in the composite material of the core is 30 to 75% by weight of the composite material of the core, more preferably 50 to 60% by weight of the composite material of the core. Preferably, the polymer content in the composite material of the core is 25 to 70% by weight of the composite material of the core, more preferably 40 to 50% by weight of the composite material of the core. The polymer may be foamed or non-foamed. Preferably, the composite material of the core comprises one or more fillers selected from the group consisting of salts, stearate salts, calcium stearate and zinc stearate. Stearates have the function of stabilizers and lead to more favorable processing temperatures and counteract the decomposition of the components of the composite during and after processing, which thus provides long-term stability. Instead of or in addition to stearate, for example zinc calcium can also be used as stabilizer. The weight content of stabilizer(s) in the composite will preferably be 1 to 5%, more preferably 1.5 to 4%. The composite material of the core preferably comprises at least one impact modifier comprising at least one alkyl methacrylate, wherein the alkyl methacrylate is preferably methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate. , isopropyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate and isobutyl methacrylate. Impact modifiers typically improve product performance, particularly impact resistance. Additionally, impact modifiers can typically be viewed as toughening agents that strengthen the core layer and thus further reduce the risk of breakage. Often the modifiers also facilitate the manufacturing process in order to control the formation of the foam to give relatively consistent (constant) foam structures, for example as already discussed above. The weight content of impact modifier in the composite will preferably be 1 to 9%, more preferably 3 to 6%. The at least one plastic material used in the core layer preferably does not have any (toxic) plasticizers in order to increase the desired rigidity of the core layer, which is also advantageous from an environmental point of view. The core and/or another layer of the panel may comprise wood-based materials, such as MDF, HDF, wood flour, bamboo, prefabricated wood and, more particularly, so-called engineered wood. This wood-based material may be part of the composite material of the core.

It is conceivable that the core and/or at least one core layer (and/or another layer) comprise a composite of at least one polymer and rice. Preferably, the rice is formed by rice husk, more preferably by a mixture of separated rice husk and/or pulverized rice husk and/or rice husk powder. Preferably, different rice husk types have different average particle sizes. The polymer(s) act as a polymerizable binder, where at least partially recycled plastic polymers such as TPU, PP, PE, PET and/or PVC are preferably used. Unground rice husk may be present, for example, in an amount of 1 to 98% by weight relative to the weight of the rice husk mixture. Likewise, ground rice husk and powdered rice husk may also be present in an amount of 1 to 98% by weight based on the weight of the rice husk mixture. Preferably, in one embodiment, the rice husk mixture comprises 20 to 50 weight percent each of unground rice husk, ground rice husk, and rice husk powder. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the rice husk mixture comprises about 33% by weight each of unground rice husk, ground rice husk, and rice husk powder. The amount of polymerizable binder present in the rice husk mixture may vary, for example from 1 to 30% by weight of the rice husk mixture, preferably from 10 to 25% by weight, more preferably from 12 to 20% by weight. The rice husk powder preferably has an average particle size of 0.175 to 1.20 millimeters.

It is conceivable that at least one core layer (and/or at least one other layer) comprises rice husk, rice straw and vegetable adhesive. Preferably, the vegetable adhesive comprises natural grass and/or wood powder. Preferably the wild grass includes any one or more selected from the group consisting of rice glass, glutinous rice grass and starch grass. Preferably, rice straw and/or rice husk is used in an amount of 20 to 50%, preferably 40 to 50%, more preferably 35 to 45%, based on the weight of the (core) layer, wherein the rice straw and/or or contains chaff, especially embedded. If more than 50% by weight of rice sheath is included, there may be a problem of greatly reduced moisture resistance, while if less than 20% by weight of rice sheath is applied, bonding strength may be reduced. Preferably the vegetable adhesive is used in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight of the (core) layer.

Rice husk can be added as a main component of an insulating material to provide porosity, thereby providing insulating and sound-absorbing effects. Rice straw, along with stem and leaf parts from which rice has been dehulled, can be added to provide bonding strength to the insulation. Preferably, the straw is cut to a suitable length, preferably no more than 3 centimeters.

Vegetable adhesives (vegetable binders) that can be used as at least one core layer (and/or at least one other layer) are preferably wild grasses prepared by mixing rice flour with water, such as rice paste, glutinous rice paste, starch paste, gluten , wood such as pine bark, rubber tree, etc. are used. Preferably, the use of a mixture of wild grass and wood is desirable in terms of improving moisture resistance. When wild grass and tree-like liquid are mixed, the mixture is preferably used in a ratio of 2.5:7.5 to 6.5:3.5.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one core layer and/or at least one other layer comprises a mixture of clay, especially kaolin clay, and rice, especially rice husk. Clay serves to increase the flash point of rice, especially rice husk, which is advantageous from a fire safety point of view, and furthermore, clay further increases the strength of the embedded core layer (and/or other layers) containing clay and rice. It plays a role.

Alternatively, the core is at least partially composed of another base material, such as magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, gypsum, (lightweight) concrete and/or mineral materials such as clay; and/or wood or wood-based materials, such as HDF or MDF, or any other thermoplastic-free material may be used as the base material.

The density of the core typically ranges from about 0.1 to 1.5 g/cm3, preferably from about 0.2 to 1.4 g/cm3, more preferably from about 0.3 to 1.3 g/cm3, and even more preferably from about 0.4 to 1.2 g/cm3. cm3, even more preferably from about 0.5 to 1.2 g/cm3 and most preferably from about 0.6 to 1.2 g/cm3. It is conceivable that each panel comprises multiple core (sub)layers. The different core (sub)layers may have the same composition or different compositions and/or different densities.

The decorative top structure preferably comprises at least one decorative layer and at least one transparent wear layer covering the decorative layer. The decorative top structure may additionally comprise at least one backing layer positioned between the decorative layer and the core, wherein the backing layer is preferably at least partially made of vinyl compounds, wood, paper, fabric and/or their It is made by combining The one or more materials used in the at least one backing layer may be raw materials, recycled materials, and combinations thereof. Here, for example, the back layer is a mixture of wood and cotton; and one or more binders. Preferably, the backing layer is made of wood in an amount of 20 to 60% by weight of the backing layer, and recycled jeans and/or raw cotton (raw materials) in an amount of 30 to 70% by weight of the backing layer. A cotton-based material such as, and at least one binder, preferably in an amount of 1 to 7% by weight of the backing layer. The backing layer may be free of PVC and/or any other synthetic polymer. Optionally, the backing layer can serve as a decorative layer (without the need for a separate decorative layer on top).

A layer of lacquer or other protective layer can be applied on top of the wear layer.

The protective layer and/or wear layer preferably comprises silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ). A finishing layer may be applied between the decorative layer and the wear layer. The decorative layer is visible and will be used to give the panel an attractive appearance. For this purpose, the decorative layer can have a design pattern, for example a wood grain design, a mineral design similar to the grain of marble, granite or any other natural stone, or to name several design possibilities. It can be a color pattern, a mixture of colors, or a single color. It is conceivable and even desirable for the decorative layer to comprise at least one recycled material and/or at least one natural material, for example wood, fabric and/or mixtures. The decorative layer may be free of PVC and/or any other synthetic polymer. Customized appearances, often realized by digital printing during the panel production process, are also conceivable. The decorative top structure can also be formed by a single layer. In an alternative embodiment, the decorative top structure is omitted in the panel according to the invention and is therefore not applicable. In this latter embodiment, the top side of the core constitutes the top side of the panel.

The decorative layer may be formed at least partially by a (digitally) printed plastic layer, in particular a thermoplastic layer, or by a (digitally) printed film, in particular a paper film or a thermoplastic film. The plastic materials used, especially thermoplastic materials, can have a variety of properties, but generally PVC or PU, especially TPU, are preferred as materials. Preferably this (thermo)plastic layer or paper film is preferably a white plastic layer or a white film, preferably an opaque white layer or an opaque white film. White, especially opaque white, will provide a bright background that will reflect light traveling through the transparent ink color back to the viewer.

The decoration layer can also be formed by an ink layer printed directly or indirectly on the core, preferably digitally printed. The decorative layer may be made, at least in part, of at least one bio-based material, such as TPU, in particular a polymer based on a plant-based oil such as canola oil or castor oil. The decorative layer may additionally include mineral components such as chalk. It combines sustainability and a very high level of resilience for improved panel performance in terms of acoustic properties, crush resistance, etc.

The decorative superstructure may also include and/or consist of a carpet base with pile yarns projecting upwardly therefrom. Pile yarn can be made from a number of natural or synthetic fibers. Although many types of yarn are made differently, typically there are two main types of yarn; There are spun and filament. The yarn may be made of nylon, but other suitable synthetic yarns may be used such as polyester, polypropylene, acrylic or mixtures thereof. Carpet tiles can be rigid or flexible. It is conceivable that the base is free of any threads or fibers. The pile room may consist of loop piles. However, it is also possible that the pile yarns consist of cut piles, twisted piles or any other suitable pile yarns, for example in level or multi-level configuration. The loop pile may possibly be synthetic yarn such as nylon, polyester, polypropylene, acrylic or mixtures thereof. In the embodiment shown, the loop piles are tufted in the carpet base. The carpet base preferably also comprises a backing sheet, which can be for example a non-woven sheet, a woven sheet, a non-woven polyester sheet, a polypropylene sheet, a glass fiber scrim or a tissue sheet or combinations thereof. there is. The backing sheet typically serves as a support structure (retention structure) to hold the yarn. In order to more efficiently bond the tufts in place to the carpet base, especially the backing sheet, a pre-coating layer is preferably applied. This pre-coating layer may be, for example, a latex layer.

For this reason, it may be desirable for the panel, or at least one panel layer, such as the core, to be made at least partly of plastic, in particular thermoplastics, preferably polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyurethane and/or polyolefin. Here it is possible to envisage the floor panel according to the invention being made practically entirely of plastic. Preferably, the core is made of a laminate of material layers, wherein the central layer is made of at least one thermoplastic material and the core has an uppermost surface and a lowermost surface. A print layer is attached to the top surface of the core, where the print layer has a top surface and a bottom surface. Additionally, the overlay layer may be attached directly to the top surface of the core or may be attached to the top surface of the print layer. The panel may optionally include a lower layer positioned and attached between the lowermost surface of the print layer and the uppermost surface of the core. More specifically, the core in the thermoplastic laminate panel preferably comprises at least one thermoplastic material, wherein the at least one thermoplastic material is polyvinylchloride. Generally, any combination thereof, an alloy thereof, or a mixture of two or more thermoplastics wherein at least one thermoplastic material is polyvinyl chloride may be used to form the core or at least the central layer thereof. Typically, these thermoplastic materials include vinyl-containing thermoplastics such as polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, and other vinyl and vinylidene resins and copolymers thereof; polyethylenes such as low-density polyethylene, and high-density polyethylene and its copolymers; styrenes such as ABS, SAN, and polystyrene and its copolymers; polypropylene and its copolymers; saturated and unsaturated polyesters; acryl; polyamides, such as nylon-containing types; Includes, but is not limited to, engineering plastics such as acetyl, polycarbonate, polyimide, polysulfone, and polyphenylene oxide and sulfide resin. One or more conductive polymers may be used to form a plank, which is applied to conductive flooring, etc. More preferably, the thermoplastic material is rigid polyvinyl chloride, but semi-rigid or flexible polyvinyl chloride may also be used. Flexibility of the thermoplastic material can be imparted by using at least one liquid or solid plasticizer, preferably present in an amount of less than about 20 phr (parts per 100 parts by weight of resin), more preferably less than 1 phr. there is. Typical rigid PVC compounds used in the present invention to form the core may also include, but are not limited to, pigments, impact modifiers, stabilizers, processing aids, lubricants, fillers, wood flour, other common additives, etc.

Panel thickness is typically between 3 and 12 mm, preferably between 4 and 8 mm.

The invention also relates to a covering consisting of interconnected panels according to the invention.

The invention will be further illustrated by the following non-limiting drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a rectangular panel according to the invention before a weakening section is applied, where an example of the modification section is schematically shown.
Figure 2 is a detailed perspective view of the first distal end of the third edge of a panel according to the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 1.
Figures 3a-3f show details of section W from Figure 3, showing various embodiments of the weakening portion of the first distal end of the third edge.
Figure 4 shows the covering of multiple panels according to the present invention.
Figures 5a to 5c show cross-sectional views of the third edge along different parts of the modification part according to the invention.
In the drawings, the same reference numbers are used where applicable.

Figure 1 shows a rectangular floor panel 1 according to the invention. Panel 1 is interconnectable with similar panels to form a covering, as shown in Figure 4. The floor panel 1 can be made of any material, but typical materials are wood, especially HDF, MDF and LDF, and plastics, especially thermoplastics, especially PVC. Typically, the floor panel 1 is made of a laminate comprising a central layer (core layer) and a top structure (not shown) surrounded by a backing structure. The top structure typically includes a decorative layer that can be printed onto the central layer, on top of which a protective layer is applied. The panel (1) comprises a centrally located core (2) with an upper side (3) and a lower side (4). The core 2 is integrally connected with a first pair of opposing edges located on the long lateral sides of the panel 1 , in particular the first edge 5 and the complementary second edge 6 . The core is also integrally connected in this exemplary embodiment with a second pair of opposing edges, in particular a third edge 7 and a complementary fourth edge 8, which are located on the short side of the panel 1. The panel (1) further comprises an altered portion (10) at the first end (11) of the third edge (7) adjacent to the first edge (5) to facilitate coupling of the panel with another panel. do. In this embodiment, the area for the modification portion 10 (eg a recess) is shown schematically by a dashed area. In Figure 2 a more detailed view of the first distal end 11 is shown.

Figure 2 shows a detailed perspective view of the first distal end 11 of the third edge 7 of the panel according to the invention. The panel comprises a modifying portion (10) on the upward tongue (9) of the third edge (7), this weakening portion (10) being located at its distal end near the first edge (5). The modified portion 10 comprises two adjacent surfaces 12 , 13 , where the first inclined surface 12 is adjacent to the second horizontal surface 13 . Both surfaces face the upper side (3) of the panel (1). In the illustrated embodiment, surfaces 12 and 13 are angled, but it is also possible for these surfaces to form a single curved surface. The surface(s) of the modified portion 10 may also be at least partially angled towards the upward flank 14 . The height of the upward tongue 9 decreases towards the first edge 5 .

Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C in Figure 1; Figures 3a-3f show detailed schematic diagrams of section W from Figure 3, showing various embodiments of the modification portion 10 at the first distal end of the third edge. The weakening portion 10, which is a recess or slit, is shown schematically by a line or an overall area. Figure 3a shows an embodiment comprising an inclined recess 10a which is at least partially directed towards the upward flank. Figure 3b shows an embodiment corresponding to the embodiment as shown in Figure 2, wherein the weakening portion 10b comprises at least one inclined surface sloping downward towards the edge of the distal end. Figures 3c and 3d show weakening portions 10c and 10d comprising slits extending at least over an area near the distal end of the third edge. Figure 3e shows an embodiment including a wedge-shaped recess 10e. FIG. 3F shows an embodiment in which the wedge-shaped recess or slit 10f extends sideways, similar to the recess 10a.

Figure 4 shows the covering 31 of a plurality of panels 1 according to the invention. The side tongue 9 of the panel 1 is partially inserted into the corresponding recess 15 of the second edge of at least one already installed (floor) panel. The fourth edge 8 of the panel 1 to be installed is located substantially above the third edge 7 of the panel 1 already installed in the second row, where the fourth edge 8 of the panel 1 and The third edge 7 is already installed in the second row, where the fourth edge 8 and the third edge 7 surround each other at an angle (the angle of inclination of the panels to be joined). During the downward tilting of the panel 1 to be joined both the first edge 5 and the fourth edge 8 of the panel 1 will be connected to the adjacent panel 1 . The fourth edge (8) of the panel (1) to be joined will make a downward scissoring movement relative to the third edge (7) below and will zip (snap) into the third edge (7), And vice versa, with a strong and durable connection between the panels (1). The third edge 7 comprises a changeover portion 10 at least near the first edge 5 so as to provide an upward tongue 9 and/or a downward tongue 19 during the snap or zip connection in said downward scissoring movement. ) reduces the internal tension within the material.

Figures 5a-5c show various cross-sectional views similar to the C-C cross-section of Figure 1 of the third edge of the panel, where the upper side of the upward-facing tongue 9 is chamfered and angled at the change portion 10. ) is provided. The first cross-sectional view in FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view in a section without the modified portion 10 or outside the modified portion 10 , the second cross-sectional view in FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view along a first part of the modified portion 10 , The third cross-sectional view in 5c is a cross-sectional view at the distal edge adjacent the angled side.

Figure 5a shows a closed groove system, where the joining portion of the third edge 7 comprises an upward flank 14, an upward groove 42 and an upward tongue 9. The interior 43 of the upward tongue 9 is at least partially inclined towards the upward flank 14 , so that the interior 43 is at least partially inclined toward the upward flank 14 . This tilt or inclination results in a closed groove, which results in vertical and horizontal locking of the panels in the joined state. The angles enclosed by the inclined interior and the plane defined by the upward flank or normal to the upper side 3 include, for example, angles of 1 to 5 degrees.

The upper side 44 of the upward tongue 9 is inclined and runs downward towards the outer side 45 of the upward tongue 9. The outer side 45 of the upward tongue 9 has a bulge-shaped locking element 46, a curved upper side 47 and a flat, inclined lower side 48. The sloping lower side 48 encloses an angle with the outer vertical OV. The upper part of the upward flank 14 is typically vertical and comprises a contact surface 50 arranged in the inner vertical line IV and also arranged to be in contact with the contact surface 50 of the further panel.

The width of the upward groove 42 can be measured from the internal vertical line IV to a point on the inside 43 of the upward tongue 9 closest to the upward flank 14, a distance also measured in the plane of the panel 1. It is indicated as (D).

Due to the fact that a closed groove system is used, when material is removed from the upper side 44 of the upward tongue 9, the point on the interior 43 of the upward tongue 9 closest to the upward flank 14 changes. (and therefore the distance (D) changes). When transitioning from Figure 5A to Figure 5C, increasingly larger amounts of material are removed, which increases the distance D. In this case the increased distance D makes it easier to join the two panels since the groove is slightly wider so there is more space for the downward tongue to enter into the upward groove 42.

The features of the drawings may also be applied in combination or separately to other aspects and embodiments of the present invention.

Accordingly, the inventive concept described above is illustrated by several exemplary embodiments. It is conceivable that the individual inventive concepts may be applied in this way without applying other details of the illustrated examples. There is no need to describe in detail all examples of possible combinations of the inventive concepts described above, as those skilled in the art will understand that many inventive concepts can be (re)combined to reach specific applications.

“Horizontal” means a direction extending parallel to the plane defined by the floor panel and possibly intersecting the core. “Vertical” means a direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the floor panel. Ordinal numbers such as “first,” “second,” and “third” used herein are for identification purposes only. For this reason, the use of the expressions “third locking element” and “second locking element” therefore does not necessarily require the coexistence of a “first locking element”. A “complementary” binding profile means that these binding profiles can cooperate with each other. However, for this purpose, the complementary binding profile does not necessarily have to have a complementary shape. The expression “distal end” may also be considered “distal end zone”, “distal end portion”, or “distal end area”. A “modified portion” is an edge portion that is intentionally altered to facilitate joining and/or separating adjacent panels.

It will be clear that the invention is not limited to the examples of operation shown and described herein and that many modifications are possible within the scope of the appended claims, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

As used in this patent specification, the verb “comprise” and its conjugations not only mean “including,” but also “contain,” “consist essentially of,” “formed by,” and their conjugations. It is understood that

Claims (25)

A panel capable of interconnecting with similar panels to form a covering, in particular a floor panel, wall panel or ceiling panel,
It includes a core having an upper side and a lower side and a first pair of opposing edges and a second pair of opposing edges:
The first pair of opposing edges is:
■ a first edge comprising a side projection, particularly a side tongue, extending in a direction substantially parallel to the top side of the panel, and
■ a recess for receiving at least a portion of said side protrusion of an additional panel, in particular said side tongue, said recess being defined by an upper lip and a lower lip, said lower lip having an upwardly projecting shoulder; An opposing second edge comprising:
- the first edge and the second edge are adjacent by insertion of a side projection, in particular a side tongue, of said panel into said recess of a further panel by a downward tilting movement about an axis parallel to said first edge. Designed to allow realizing locking between panels;
The second pair of opposing edges is:
■ a third edge comprising a single upward flank, at least one upward flank (20) lying at a distance from the upward flank, and a single upward groove formed between the upward tongue and the upward flank (20); at least a portion of the side of the upward-facing tongue facing (20) is inclined upward toward the upward-facing flank, and
■ a fourth edge comprising a single downward-facing tongue, at least one downward-facing flank (26) lying at a distance from the downward-facing tongue, and a single downward-facing groove formed between the downward-facing tongue and the downward-facing flank (26); at least a portion of the side of the downward-facing tongue facing (26) is inclined downward toward the downward-facing flank;
At least a first distal end of the third edge, adjacent the first edge, includes a change portion to facilitate coupling of the panel with another panel, the change portion preferably being a portion of the upward tongue. , more preferably located at least on the upper side of the upward tongue, and/or
At least a first distal end of the fourth edge, adjacent the first edge, includes a change portion to facilitate coupling of the panel with another panel, the change portion preferably being a portion of the downward tongue. and more preferably located at least on the lowermost side of the downward tongue. The panel of claim 1, wherein the at least one altered portion is configured to be at least temporarily deformed during joining of the two panels. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modified portion of the upward tongue has a cross-section that varies along the length of the third edge, preferably wherein the cross-section extends towards the first distal end of the third edge. Reducing panel. 4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one altered portion is at least compared to a middle portion of the third edge or a portion of the third edge that is not adjacent to the first edge, or A panel comprising a section from which panel material has been removed compared to a portion of the third edge adjacent the second edge. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least a part of the side of the upwardly facing tongue facing away from the upwardly facing flank (20) comprises a first locking element; and said downward flank (26) comprises a second locking element adapted to interact with said first locking element of a third edge of another panel. 6. The panel of claim 5, wherein the modified portion of the upward tongue is missing the first locking element or includes a modified first locking element. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one altered portion is along a portion of the third edge, preferably along at most ⅓ of the length of the third edge, more preferably along the third edge. A panel that extends along up to ¼ of the edge length. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the altered portion of the upward and/or downward tongue decreases in height and/or width over at least part of its length towards the first edge and 1 A panel positioned in the area near the edge, preferably up to said first edge. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the altered portion of the first distal end of the third edge, and preferably the altered portion of the upward tongue and/or of the fourth edge, comprises: A panel comprising at least one slit or slot extending parallel to the third edge. 10. The panel of claim 9, wherein the plane defined by the at least one slit or slot is parallel to the panel. 11. The panel of claim 10, wherein the plane defined by the at least one slit or slot is perpendicular to the panel. 12. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the altered portion of the first distal end of the third edge comprises a sloped upper surface surrounding an angle with a lower side of the panel, the sloped upper surface The panel preferably extends over the entire length of the alteration part. 13. The panel of claim 12, wherein the width of the inclined surface widens toward the first edge. 14. The panel of claim 12 or 13, wherein the inclined surface is at least partially curved. 15. The method of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the altered portion of the first distal end of the third edge comprises a sloped upper surface portion surrounding an angle with the lower side of the panel, and the sloped upper surface A panel comprising a horizontal upper surface portion connected to a portion, the horizontal upper surface portion being positioned closer to the first distal end than the inclined upper surface portion. 16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the downward tilt movement about an axis parallel to the first edge causes at least one change portion to cause the first edge of the panel to be aligned with the second edge of the adjacent panel. allowing the panels to be joined to an edge, so that the panels are unobstructed and angled relative to each other until the panels surround each other at an angle of less than 45 degrees, preferably less than 30 degrees, more preferably less than 25 degrees. panel. 17. A panel according to any preceding claim, wherein the panel is substantially rigid. 18. The method of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the first distal end of the third edge comprises at least one wedge-shaped recess, and the wedge-shaped V portion is positioned at the first distal end of the panel. A panel running substantially parallel to an edge and preferably extending across the entire width of said upward tongue. 19. The method of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the first distal end of the third edge comprises a slit, the slit comprising at least one V-shaped slit, and the V-shaped A panel wherein the slit extends substantially perpendicular to the first edge of the panel, and preferably extends over the entire length of the upward tongue. 20. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the first distal end of the third edge comprises at least one substantially linear slit, the slit preferably extending the length of each tongue. A panel that extends at least partially across. 21. The method of any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein at least a first distal end of the fourth edge adjacent the first edge comprises an altered portion to facilitate coupling of the panel with another panel. panel. 22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the first edge and the second edge are adapted to move the side projection of the panel into the recess of another panel by vertical movement, in particular the side tongue. A panel designed to allow these edges to realize locking between adjacent panels by insertion. 23. The panel according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the third edge and the fourth edge are configured to be joined by a folding movement. 24. A panel according to any preceding claim, wherein the panel is a decorative panel, the panel comprising a decorative top structure attached directly or indirectly to the upper side of the core. A covering consisting of interconnected panels according to any one of claims 1 to 24.