KR20240076689A - Multilayer fabric for making personal protective equipment to protect human body from flame and arc flash, and protective clothing formed using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A personal protective equipment fabric for protecting a wearer from flame and arc flash, the personal protective equipment fabric comprising: an outer layer; inner layer; and a middle layer, wherein the middle layer is an embossed layer having a three-dimensional embossed stripe shape, and the middle layer is in the form of a woven fabric including warp and weft threads intersecting each other, and the warp is meta-aramid fiber, flame retardant cellulose fiber, and at least one selected from the group consisting of a first composite spun yarn containing antistatic fibers, a meta-aramid filament yarn, and a flame-retardant cellulose filament yarn, wherein the weft yarn is a meta-aramid fiber; flame retardant cellulose fiber; and a second composite spun yarn containing antistatic fibers, wherein the warp yarn and the weft yarn have different thermal contraction rates. A three-layer fabric for personal protective equipment, etc. is disclosed. Personal protective equipment using fabrics with these special yarns and tissue structures not only effectively protects the wearer from flames and arc flashes by meeting HRC levels 2 and 4, but also has durability, lightness, and high activity functions.

Description

Multilayer fabric for making personal protective equipment to protect human body from flame and arc flash, and protective clothing formed using the same}

The present disclosure relates to a multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment to protect wearers from flames and arc flash, and personal protective equipment formed using the same. More specifically, the present disclosure provides a Hazard/Risk Category: HRC) Multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment that can effectively protect the wearer from flame and arc flash rated at level 4, as well as manufacturing personal protective equipment that combines lightweight, durability, wearer-friendliness and high activity functions, and its use. It is about personal protective equipment formed as a result.

Due to recent economic growth and global abnormal climate, the scale of fires is also increasing. As a result, damage to life and property is increasing, and laws and regulations related to fire prevention and safety accidents are being strengthened. To reduce the scale of human and material damage caused by fire, it is necessary to widely apply materials with excellent flame retardancy in the development and manufacture of personal protective equipment.

In relation to this, electricity-related safety issues are continuously emerging due to several large-scale fires in electrical facilities caused by electrical factors such as arc flash and resulting human casualties. In particular, the need to effectively protect people by lowering the fatality rate of workers from electric arc flash, which accounts for more than 80% of electrical accidents and has a high fatality rate of workers due to accidental exposure, and at the same time reducing the risk to wearers, is emerging.

Recently, in order to protect workers from electric arc flash explosion accidents that cannot be protected by existing flame retardant clothing, Saudi Arabia has added protection against arc flash to the performance indicators of personal protective equipment that field workers must wear for electric construction companies. Specific alternatives to protect workers are being demanded. Accordingly, the development demand and demand for personal protective equipment that can effectively protect the wearer from arc flash is rapidly increasing.

In addition, other Middle Eastern countries, such as the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, and Oman, are also investing a lot of money into building infrastructure to expand the national power grid. In the case of the United States, demand for the construction of new and renewable energy plants is increasing due to the establishment of a stable power supply and demand network to expand domestic manufacturing bases and the implementation of global carbon neutral policies. Accordingly, the market for personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect workers from electrical accidents, especially arc flashes, is growing significantly.

Arc flash is a phenomenon in which high-temperature flames and explosions occur due to the instantaneous release of accumulated electrical energy, and accounts for approximately 80% of all electricity-related accidents. In the United States, it is known that approximately 30,000 arc flash accidents occur annually, resulting in approximately 7,000 burns and 400 deaths.

Arc flash is accompanied by high-temperature flames close to 20,000℃ and aftereffects. Therefore, workers exposed to this can suffer fatal injuries such as heat burns, blindness from shrapnel, and hearing damage. Therefore, arc flash personal protective equipment must have comprehensive protective performance to protect workers not only from the high heat caused by instantaneous flames, but also from high levels of explosion energy.

The protective performance of arc flash personal protective equipment is based on the absorbable energy per unit area (ATPV) and the corresponding hazard classification level (Hazard/Risk) presented in 'NFPA 70E', the electrical safety standard of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), an American fire protection association. Category: HRC). These standards require not only general flame resistance but also strict protection performance to respond to instantaneous flames. Therefore, the technical difficulty of developing effective and efficient arc flash personal protective equipment is quite high.

Table 1: Personal protective equipment (PPE) performance criteria for arc flash protection as presented in the National Fire Protection Association's Electrical Safety Standard (NFPA 70E).

Hazard classification level (HRC) Minimum Arc Rating (cal/cm2) level 0 N/A level 1 4 level 2 8 level 3 25 level 4 40

The hazard classification level (HRC) is set by a minimum caloric amount (unit: Cal/cm2) that represents the minimum amount of projected energy a worker would receive from an arc flash per square centimeter. Every garment or set of garments tested must have a 50% chance of causing a 2nd or 3rd degree burn to the wearer. There are five risk levels: 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. Level 0 is the level of little or no risk, and Level 4 is the highest or most dangerous level. Table 1 above presents the minimum Arc Rating Requirements for each level. For example, personal protective equipment that can respond to HRC Level 2 is at a level that can protect the wearer in a simple work environment (low-voltage environment below 600V, small-scale transformer operating conditions, etc.). The higher the result in cal/cm2 for the fabric tested, the higher the HRC level achieved. In particular, we provide protection against flame and arc flash to manufacture personal protective equipment or work clothes that can effectively protect workers in environments constantly exposed to high temperatures, such as crude oil production facilities, petroleum product manufacturing plants, steel mills, substations, and power plants. Developing fabrics for personal protective equipment that are resistant, flame-blocking, lightweight, wearer-friendly, and durable remains a technical challenge.

One object of the present disclosure is to provide a multilayer fabric capable of manufacturing personal protective equipment capable of responding to HRC Level 4, which not only effectively protects the wearer from flame and arc flash, but also combines durability, lightweight and high activity functions. will be.

Another object of the present disclosure is to provide personal protective equipment, such as work clothes or uniforms, that can respond to HRC Level 4, which not only effectively protects the wearer from flame and arc flash, but also has durability, lightweight and high activity functions.

To achieve one object of the present disclosure, one aspect of the present disclosure is:

A multi-layer fabric for personal protective equipment to protect the wearer from flames and arc flash, comprising:

The multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment includes an outer layer; inner layer; and an intermediate layer sandwiched between the outer layer and the inner layer,

The outer layer and the inner layer are woven layers having a woven structure selected from ordinary woven structure, pile woven structure and gauze and leno woven structure. woven fabric layer),

The middle layer is a non-woven layer containing aramid fibers, and has a plurality of embossed dots or a plurality of embossed stripes,

The woven fabric layers of the outer layer and the inner layer include warp yarns and weft yarns, the warp yarns comprising first composite yarns comprising aramid fibers, flame retardant cellulose fibers, and antistatic fibers, and the weft yarns comprising aramid fibers, A multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment is provided, comprising a second composite spun yarn comprising flame retardant cellulose fibers and antistatic fibers, wherein the warp yarn and the weft yarn have different thermal contraction rates.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the embossed dots has a square shape with a side length of 1.0 to 5.0 mm and a height of 0.5 to 3.0 mm, and the dot density of the dots is 1 square meter of the intermediate layer. There are 10,000 to 100,000 dots per meter, and a gap of 2.0 to 6.0 mm may exist between each dot.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, each of the embossed stripes in the nonwoven layer has a width of 1.0 to 5.0 mm and a height of 0.5 to 3.0 mm, with a spacing between stripes of 2.0 to 6.0 mm, and 1 square It can have a stripe density of 60 to 800 stripes per meter.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the nonwoven layer may be a spunlace nonwoven fabric layer or a needlepunched nonwoven fabric layer.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the nonwoven fabric layer may be comprised of aramid fibers in an amount of 70% by weight or more based on the total weight of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric layer.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the nonwoven fabric layer may be composed of at least one aramid fiber selected from meta-aramid and para-aramid fibers, at least 90% by weight based on the total weight of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric layer.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the nonwoven fabric layer may be composed of para-aramid fibers at 97% by weight or more based on the total weight of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric layer.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the outer layer may be a woven layer of a twill weave texture, and the inner layer may be a woven layer of a plain weave texture.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the aramid fibers, the flame retardant cellulose fibers, and the antistatic fibers in the first and second composite spun yarns of the outer layer and the inner layer may be in the form of staple fibers. there is.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the weight ratio of the aramid fiber: the flame retardant cellulose fiber: the antistatic fiber in the outer layer and the inner layer may be 45 to 70: 30 to 70: 1 to 5.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the meta-aramid fiber is poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) fiber, and the para-aramid fiber is preferably poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the meta-aramid fiber may be poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) fiber, and the para-aramid fiber may be poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the flame retardant cellulose fiber is ammonia; and a flame retardant material in the form of an oxidized condensate of tetrakis hydroxyalkyl phosphonium salt and at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen compounds containing at least one amine group.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the nitrogen compound may be selected from the group of urea, ammonia, thiourea, biuret, melamine, ethylene urea, guanidine, and 2-cyanoguanidine.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the tetrakis hydroxyalkyl phosphonium salt may be tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium salt.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the flame retardant cellulose fiber has a fineness of 1.50 to 1.55 denier and a fiber length of 48 to 52 mm, and the aramid fiber has a fineness of 1.48 to 1.52 denier and a fiber length of 48 to 52 mm, and The antistatic fiber may have a fineness of 1.70 to 2.70 denier and a fiber length of 48 to 52 mm.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first and second composite spun yarns may be in the form of a two-strand plied yarn.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first and second composite spun yarns may have a fineness of 10 to 80 English cotton count.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first and second composite spun yarns may be manufactured by ring spinning, open-end spinning, or air jet spinning.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the outer layer and the inner layer have a basis weight of 150 to 260 gsm and 100 to 180 gsm, respectively, and the middle layer has a basis weight of 60 to 100 gsm, and the outer layer The layer, middle layer and inner layer may have a combined basis weight of 380 to 520 gsm. The unit of basis weight, gsm, stands for g/m2 and represents the number of grams per square meter.

In order to achieve one object of the present disclosure, other aspects of the present disclosure are:

A multi-layer fabric for personal protective equipment to protect the wearer from flames and arc flash, comprising:

The multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment includes an outer layer; inner layer; and an intermediate layer sandwiched between the outer layer and the inner layer,

The outer layer is a woven layer of a twill weave texture, and the inner layer is a woven layer of a plain weave texture,

The middle layer is a non-woven fabric layer containing aramid fibers and has a plurality of embossed dots,

Based on the total weight of the fibers constituting the nonwoven layer, 90% by weight or more is composed of at least one aramid fiber selected from meta-aramid and para-aramid fibers,

The woven fabric layers of the outer layer and the inner layer include warp yarns and weft yarns, the warp yarns comprising first composite yarns comprising aramid fibers, flame retardant cellulose fibers, and antistatic fibers, and the weft yarns comprising aramid fibers, A second composite spun yarn containing flame-retardant cellulose fibers and antistatic fibers, wherein the warp yarn and the weft yarn have different thermal contraction rates,

Each of the embossed dots is rectangular in shape with a side length of 1 to 5 mm and a height of 0.5 to 3 mm, with a spacing of 2 to 6 mm between each dot, and 10,000 to 100,000 per square meter. It has a dot density of

The weight ratio of the aramid fiber: the flame retardant cellulose fiber: the antistatic fiber is 45 to 70: 30 to 70: 1 to 5,

The outer layer and the inner layer have a basis weight of 150 to 260 gsm and 100 to 180 gsm, respectively, the middle layer has a basis weight of 60 to 100 gsm, and the outer layer, middle layer and inner layer have a combined weight of 380 gsm. Provided is a multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment having a basis weight of from 520 gsm to 520 gsm.

In order to achieve another object of the present disclosure, another aspect of the present disclosure provides personal protective equipment formed from a multilayer fabric according to one aspect or another aspect of the present disclosure described above.

These and other features, aspects and advantages will be better understood by reference to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings.

The multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment according to the present disclosure adopts a multilayer fabric structure with an intermediate layer having embossed dots or embossed stripes to form an effective air insulating layer not only under normal conditions but also when exposed to an arc flash. At this time, this intermediate layer is manufactured as a non-woven fabric layer using aramid fibers with excellent heat insulation, heat resistance, and mechanical properties. In addition, the outer and inner layers of the multi-layer fabric use first and second composite yarns with heat barrier properties, heat resistance, mechanical properties, and hydrophilic properties as warp and weft yarns, and the heat shrinkage rates of these first and second composite yarns are different from each other. By adjusting it differently, an air insulation layer can be formed more effectively when exposed to arc flash. Therefore, the multilayer fabric can effectively protect the wearer from flames and arc flashes by improving the insulation effect, that is, thermal energy barrier, against heat generated from flames and arc flashes and transmitted to the wearer through mechanisms such as conduction. In this way, the outer layer and the inner layer of the multilayer fabric are formed using materials that are lightweight, have excellent mechanical properties, and durability, and have appropriate hydrophilicity. Therefore, by using the multilayer fabric according to the present disclosure, it is possible to manufacture personal protective equipment that not only effectively protects the wearer from flames and arc flashes rated at HRC level 4, but also combines durability, comfortable wearing, and high activity functions.

The multilayer fabric manufactured using the multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment of the present disclosure having the above-described characteristics can effectively protect workers in environments exposed to high temperatures from flames and arc flash. Therefore, the use of the multilayer fabric of the present disclosure having the above-described properties can be used in various personal protective equipment, such as oil fields, gas fields, steel mills, power plants, and substations; Manufacturing plants for petrochemical products, alloys, or metal forgings; It is possible to manufacture personal protective equipment such as work clothes, hoods, etc. that can effectively protect workers in environments exposed to high temperature and/or high voltage electricity, such as fire sites or welding workshops.

1 is an exploded perspective view (A) schematically showing the multilayer structure in an ordinary state of a multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and an exploded perspective view (B) that schematically illustrates the mechanism by which the multilayer fabric can thermally contract when an arc flash or flame is applied in the vicinity of the multilayer fabric, effectively protecting the wearer from the arc flash and the flame or heat it emits. do.

Below, a multi-layer fabric for personal protective equipment that can effectively protect the wearer from flame and arc flash according to the present disclosure, as well as durability, comfortable wearing, and high activity functions, and personal protective equipment using the same will be described in detail, focusing on preferred embodiments. do. In the following description, detailed descriptions of known configurations and functions are omitted so as not to obscure the gist of the present disclosure.

1 is an exploded perspective view (A) schematically showing the multilayer structure in the normal state of a multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment to protect wearers from flame or arc flash according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and an exploded perspective view (B) that schematically illustrates the mechanism by which the multilayer fabric can effectively protect the wearer from arc flash while thermally shrinking when a flame or arc flash is applied near the multilayer fabric.

Referring to Figure 1(A), the multilayer fabric 10 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes an outer layer (1); inner layer (3); and an intermediate layer (2) sandwiched between the outer layer (1) and the inner layer (3). These three layers are joined to each other by a method such as quilting.

The outer layer 1 and the inner layer 3 have a woven structure selected from ordinary woven structure, pile woven structure and gauze and leno woven structure. It may be in the form of a woven fabric layer. In particular, in terms of protection from flame and arc flash and wearability, it is preferable that the outer layer (1) is a woven layer of twill weave structure and the inner layer (3), which is in contact with the wearer's skin, is a woven layer of plain weave structure.

The middle layer 2 is a non-woven layer comprising aramid fibers and having a plurality of embossed dots or a plurality of embossed stripes. That is, the intermediate layer 2 has a bumpy surface shape made of a plurality of embossed dots or a plurality of embossed stripes, and fine empty spaces are formed between the dots and stripes. As the middle layer is formed of such an uneven embossed nonwoven fabric layer, the multilayer fabric 10 according to the present disclosure has excellent lightness and thermal insulation properties compared to the overall thickness of the fabric.

In one embodiment, each of the embossed dots has a rectangular shape with a side length of 1.0 to 5.0 mm and a height of 0.5 to 3.0 mm. For example, each of the embossed dots may be 1.2 to 4.0 mm, such as 1.4 to 4.0 mm, 1.6 to 4.0 mm, 1.8 to 3.6 mm, 2.0 to 3.6 mm, 2.2 to 3.6 mm, or 2.2 to 3.6 mm. length of one side; and 0.6 to 2.8 mm, for example 0.6 to 2.6 mm, 0.6 to 2.4 mm, 0.7 to 2.4 mm, 0.7 to 2.2 mm, 0.7 to 2.0 mm, 0.7 to 1.8 mm, 0.7 to 1.6 mm, 0.7 to 1.4 mm, 0.8. It may have a square, rectangular, rhombus or parallelogram shape with a height of from 1.2 mm to 1.2 mm. Each of the embossed dots may be circular with the same or similar area. The shape of the dot mentioned in this specification refers to the planar shape viewed from a vertical line perpendicular to the middle layer plane. The dots are spaced 2.0 to 6.0 mm between each dot, for example 2.1 to 5.8 mm, 2.2 to 5.6 mm, 2.3 to 5.4 mm, 2.4 to 5.2 mm, 2.6 to 5.0 mm, 2.8 to 4.8 mm, 3.0 to 4.6 mm. mm, or may have a spacing of 3.2 to 4.4 mm.

The dot density of the dots is 10,000 to 100,000, 20,000 to 90,000, 30,000 to 80,000, 40,000 to 75,000, 50,000 to 70,000 per square meter of the intermediate layer from the viewpoint of forming an effective air insulation layer, Or it may be 60,000 to 70,000.

In embodiments in which the intermediate layer 2 has embossed stripes instead of embossed dots each of the embossed stripes is 1.0 to 5.0 mm, for example 1.2 to 4.0 mm, 1.4 to 4.0 mm, 1.6 to 4.0 mm, 1.8 mm. a width of between 3.6 mm, 2.0 and 3.6 mm, 2.2 and 3.6 mm, or 2.2 and 3.6 mm; and 0.5 to 3.0 mm, for example 0.6 to 2.8 mm, 0.6 to 2.6 mm, 0.6 to 2.4 mm, 0.7 to 2.4 mm, 0.7 to 2.2 mm, 0.7 to 2.0 mm, 0.7 to 1.8 mm, 0.7 to 1.6 mm, 0.7 It may have a height of between 1 and 1.4 mm, or between 0.8 and 1.2 mm. Between the stripes is 2.0 to 6.0 mm, for example 2.1 to 5.8 mm, 2.2 to 5.6 mm, 2.3 to 5.4 mm, 2.4 to 5.2 mm, 2.6 to 5.0 mm, 2.8 to 4.8 mm, 3.0 to 4.6 mm, or 3.2 to 3.2 mm. It can have a gap of 4.4 mm. The stripe density is 60 to 800 per square meter of the intermediate layer, for example 70 to 700, 80 to 650, 90 to 600, 100 to 550, 120, with a view to forming an effective air insulation layer. It may be from 1 to 500, or from 130 to 450.

The nonwoven layer constituting the middle layer 2 may be a spunlace nonwoven fabric layer or a needlepunched nonwoven fabric layer in terms of effective and environmentally friendly production and formation of dots and stripes by effective embossing. The dots and stripes described above can be formed, for example, by passing the non-woven layer constituting the intermediate layer 2 between rolls having a suitable embossed pattern.

The nonwoven layer constituting the middle layer (2) is 70% by weight or more, for example, 80% by weight or more, 85% by weight, 90% by weight, or 95% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the fibers constituting the nonwoven layer. This may be made of aramid fiber.

The nonwoven layer constituting the middle layer (2) is 90% by weight or more, for example, 90% by weight or more, 92% by weight, 94% by weight or more, 96% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric layer. At least 97% by weight or at least 99% by weight may be comprised of at least one aramid fiber selected from meta-aramid fibers and para-aramid fibers. In terms of mechanical properties, thermal insulation and durability, the non-woven fabric layer may be comprised of para-aramid fibers at 97% or more or 99% by weight based on the total weight of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric layer.

The outer layer (1), which primarily serves to block flame and heat, is a twill woven fabric layer, and the inner layer (3), which is in contact with the wearer's skin, is a plain weave woven fabric layer for durability and comfortable wear. From this point of view, it is desirable.

The woven fabric layers of the outer layer 1 and the inner layer 3 include warp and weft yarns that make up the woven structure described above. The warp yarn includes a first composite yarn comprising aramid fibers, flame retardant cellulose fibers, and antistatic fibers. The weft yarn includes a second composite yarn comprising aramid fibers, flame retardant cellulose fibers, and antistatic fibers. It is preferable that the first and second composite spun yarns have different ratios of their constituent fibers so that the warp and weft yarns have different thermal contraction rates. It may be desirable for the warp and weft yarns to have different thermal contraction rates in terms of being able to effectively form an insulating air layer through thermal contraction caused by thermal energy transmitted from the arc flash.

As such, the multilayer fabric 10 according to the present disclosure forms the outer layer 1 and the inner layer 3 using the first and second composite spun yarns excellent in heat resistance, hydrophilicity, and antistatic properties, and has heat resistance, mechanical properties, and The middle layer (2) is formed with highly durable aramid fiber. In addition, by providing the middle layer 2 with an embossed pattern structure capable of forming an insulating air layer with excellent heat energy dissipation characteristics due to heat contraction, the multilayer fabric 10 can effectively protect the wearer from flames and arc flash.

The outer layer (1) and inner layer (3) have a basis weight of 150 to 260 gsm and 100 to 180 gsm, respectively, and the middle layer (2) has a basis weight of 60 to 100 gsm, and the outer layer (1) , the multilayer fabric 10 comprising the middle layer 2 and the inner layer 3 may have a basis weight of 380 to 520 gsm. For example, outer layer 1 may have a basis weight of 160 to 250 gsm, 170 to 240 gsm, 180 to 230 gsm, 190 to 220 gsm, 200 to 230 gsm, or 210 to 225 gsm. The inner layer 3 may have a basis weight of 110 to 170 gsm, 115 to 160 gsm, 120 to 150 gsm, 125 to 140 gsm, and 125 to 135 gsm. Middle layer 2 may have a basis weight of 65 to 95 gsm, 70 to 90 gsm, or 75 to 85 gsm. The lightweight multilayer fabric 10 comprising the outer layer 1, the above-described middle layer 2, and the inner layer 3 has a weight of 390 to 510 gsm, 400 to 500 gsm, 410 to 490 gsm, 420 to 480 gsm, or It may have a basis weight of 420 to 440 gsm.

As such, the multilayer fabric 10 according to the present disclosure forms the outer layer 1 and the inner layer 3 using the first and second composite spun yarns, which are excellent in heat resistance, hydrophilicity, and antistatic properties, and has heat resistance and mechanical properties. And the middle layer (2) is formed with aramid fibers having excellent durability. In addition, by providing the middle layer 2 with an embossed pattern structure capable of forming a lightweight insulating air layer with excellent heat energy dissipation characteristics due to heat shrinkage, the multilayer fabric 10 can effectively protect the wearer from flames and arc flash. . Therefore, by using the multilayer fabric 10 according to the present disclosure, personal protective equipment can be manufactured that not only effectively protects the wearer from flames and arc flashes rated at HRC level 4, but also combines durability, comfortable wearing, and high activity functions. can do.

In the multilayer fabric 10 for personal protective equipment having a three-layer structure described above, the first and second composite spun yarns of the outer layer 1 and the inner layer 3 are short fibers, that is, aramid fibers in the form of staple fibers, and flame retardant cellulose. It can be manufactured by mixing fiber and antistatic fiber in an appropriate ratio and spinning. The aramid fibers, flame retardant cellulose fibers, and antistatic fibers may be in the form of staple fibers.

When spinning to produce the first and second composite spun yarns for producing the outer layer (1) and the inner layer (3), the weight ratio of aramid fiber: flame retardant cellulose fiber: antistatic fiber is, for example, 45 to 70: 30 to 70:1 to 5, for example 47 to 68:32 to 65:1.5 to 4.5, or 49 to 66:34 to 60:1.8 to 4, or 52 to 64:36 to 58:1.6 to 3.8. there is.

The mixing ratio is selected to maximize the advantages and minimize the disadvantages of aramid fiber and flame retardant cellulose fiber while demonstrating effective flame retardancy and antistatic properties. That is, by adjusting the mixing ratio described above, it is possible to improve dyeability and wearability while controlling the degree of flame and arc flash resistance, mechanical properties, and antistatic properties. That is, the inventor of the present disclosure implements an optimal mixing ratio of flame-retardant cellulose fiber, aramid fiber, and anti-static fiber to maximize the advantages of the flame-retardant cellulose fiber material while reinforcing the disadvantages of the aramid fiber to achieve high fastness, elasticity, lightness, We succeeded in obtaining a composite spun yarn with excellent thermal insulation, wearability, quick drying, antistatic properties, and flame and arc flash resistance. That is, the inventor of the present disclosure combines a variety of high-performance synthetic fibers, recycled and natural materials, etc., centering on aramid fibers, through general and special spinning methods to maximize the performance of aramid fibers while eliminating the disadvantages of aramid fibers such as elasticity, touch, dyeability, etc. We succeeded in obtaining a differentiated composite spun yarn that complemented and improved the monotony of the exterior pattern. For example, it is necessary to increase the total content of aramid fibers and flame retardant cellulose fibers to increase resistance to flame and arc flash, flame propagation blocking properties, and durability. A high content of aramid fiber increases fireproof properties, but the cost increases excessively, and when manufactured into fabric, wearing comfort and dyeing properties may deteriorate. Therefore, it is desirable to replace part of the aramid fiber content with flame-retardant cellulose fiber to achieve comfortable wearing comfort and dyeability while maintaining high flame retardancy. An appropriate replacement ratio can be achieved using the above-mentioned weight ratio.

Among aramid fibers, meta-aramid fibers have relatively flexible molecular chains and excellent heat resistance compared to para-aramid fibers. In other words, meta-aramid fiber is a fiber made of a wholly aromatic polyamide polymer in which the benzene ring is connected to amide groups at meta positions. It has a melting point of 320°C or higher and has excellent heat resistance and flame retardancy. Meta-aramid fibers have high heat resistance and tensile strength due to their strong molecular structure and highly crystalline dense structure, but they have the problem of having low elasticity, which limits their mobility when worn, and have the disadvantage of not being dyeable well. Examples of meta-aramid fibers include those available under the trade name Nomex from DuPont, which are manufactured from poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide). Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) is a homopolymer produced from the polymerization of m-phenylene diamine and isophthaloyl chloride, or m-phenylene diamine mixed with small amounts of other diamines or isophthaloyl chloride mixed with small amounts of other diamines. It may be a copolymer produced by mixing other diacid chlorides. Meta-aramid fibers that can be used to make the composite spun yarn of the present disclosure include those commercially available under the registered trademark Nomex from DuPont and Conex from Teijin.

Examples of para-aramid fibers that can be used to manufacture the composite spun yarn of the present disclosure include Kevlar under the registered trademark from DuPont, Heracron under the registered trademark from Kolon, and Hyosung Advanced, which are manufactured from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide). Includes materials commercially available under the registered trademark ALKEX.

Flame retardant cellulose fibers are ammonia-retardant; and a flame retardant material in the form of an oxidized condensate of tetrakis hydroxyalkyl phosphonium salt and at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen compounds containing at least one amine group. The nitrogen compound may be selected from the group of urea, ammonia, thiourea, biuret, melamine, ethylene urea, guanidine, and 2-cyanoguanidine. The tetrakis hydroxyalkyl phosphonium salt may be tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium salt. Flame-retardant cellulose fiber is derived from natural pulp and has high hydrophilicity, so it can improve pleasant wearing and comfort by preventing hygroscopicity, breathability, and natural static electricity. It is easy to mix with other fibers, is highly functional and cost-effective, and has the advantage of being easy to dye using acid dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, etc. Flame retardant cellulose fibers are commercially available, for example, from Lenzing AG under the trade name LENZING™ FR. Through the use of highly hydrophilic, flame-retardant cellulose fibers, flame retardancy, hygroscopicity, and breathability can be improved while static electricity generation can be suppressed, improving the wearing comfort of personal protective equipment made from woven fabric obtained from this composite spun yarn. In particular, if hydrophilic, flame-retardant cellulose fibers are mainly placed on the surface of the composite spun yarn using the air jet spinning method, personal protective equipment using the multilayer fabric (10) manufactured using this composite spun yarn will be comfortable to wear and flame-retardant. It does not burn easily and can effectively protect the wearer from heat stress and arc flash.

Antistatic fibers that can be used in the present disclosure are blended for the purpose of preventing static electricity. Specific examples of this include antistatic fiber (trade name: MIPAN corona), which uses carbon fiber as a core component and compositely spun nylon or polyester as a sheath component surrounding it, and copper on an acrylic fiber base. (Copper sulfate) coating applied antistatic fiber (trade name: ELEX).

The flame retardant cellulose fiber has a fineness of 1.50 to 1.55 denier and a fiber length of 48 to 52 mm, the aramid fiber has a fineness of 1.48 to 1.52 denier and a fiber length of 48 to 52 mm, and the antibacterial polyester fiber has a denier of 1.70 to 2.80. The antistatic fiber may have a fineness of 1.70 to 2.70 denier and a fiber length of 48 to 52 mm. The fiber length and fineness of the above-mentioned raw material single fibers have a great influence on the tensile strength of composite spun yarn manufactured from them. The longer the fiber length of the single fibers, the stronger the bonding force caused by the twist between the single fibers, which increases the tensile strength of the composite spun yarn.

The first and second composite spun yarns may be in the form of two-strand plied yarns, and may have a 10 to 80 Zero weight cotton yarn count, for example, a 20 to 60 Zero weight cotton yarn count, a 25 to 50 Zero weight cotton yarn count, or a 30 to 50 Zero weight cotton yarn count. Alternatively, it may have a fineness of 30 to 45 zero cotton yarn count. The multilayer fabric 10 including the outer layer 1 and the inner layer 3 produced therefrom has excellent dyeing properties. In addition, the multilayer fabric 10 made from the first and second composite spun yarns has a similar fit and soft feel to a general fabric made from general purpose fibers that do not contain aramid fibers, and is similar to a special fabric made from 100% aramid fibers. It is cheaper compared to

The first and second composite spun yarns described above can be manufactured not only by the traditional ring spinning method but also by new spinning methods such as open-end spinning or air jet spinning.

First, a method for manufacturing the first and second composite spun yarns according to an embodiment of the present disclosure using a traditional ring spinning method will be described.

Honta cotton is prepared by mixing commercially purchased aramid fibers, flame retardant cellulose fibers, and antistatic fibers in the above mixing ratio. Sheet-shaped mixed cotton is put into a card machine and carded 1st to 3rd time to produce card sliver, which is a fiber aggregate. Next, in order to obtain high quality spun yarn, the combing process is performed to produce combed yarn by controlling the content of too short fibers from the card sliver and removing fiber debris or dust attached to the fiber. . A drawing process is performed to produce a single sliver by combining several strands of sliver obtained from this. The sliver produced in the drawing process is further stretched and the roving process is performed to manufacture it by roving. The spinning process is carried out to manufacture thin threads from the roving produced through the roving process to a predetermined thickness, twist the fiber bundles arranged side by side, and entangle them three-dimensionally to increase cohesion between the fibers and maintain the strength of the thread. do. Composite spun yarn that has gone through the spinning process is wound on a bobbin or cone. If necessary, a damping process can be performed to apply a certain level of humidity to the composite spun yarn wound on a bobbin or cone to optimize the condition of the yarn. In order to increase the tensile strength of the composite yarn manufactured through the above process, a doubling and twisting process of combining two or more strands of the composite yarn into one strand can be performed. Composite yarns manufactured through plying and twisting processes are wound on bobbins or cones. If necessary, a damping process can be performed to apply a certain level of humidity to the composite spun yarn wound on a bobbin or cone to optimize the condition of the yarn. The composite spun yarn produced in this way is in the form of cheese or skeins.

In addition to the ring spinning method, the first and second composite spun yarns according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be manufactured using a conventional core spinning method, air-jet spinning method, or open-end spinning method.

When using the air jet spinning method, flame retardant cellulose fibers, aramid fibers, and antistatic fibers are mixed at the above mixing ratio and the sliver obtained by proceeding to the drawing process of the ring spinning method described above or to the roving process. The roving obtained through this process is supplied to an air-jet type vortex spinning machine and stretched through a draft section made of draft rollers to obtain air-jet composite spun yarn. The obtained airjet composite spun yarn has a count of 30 to 40 and is characterized by being composed of core fibers and wrapping fibers. This type of air jet spun yarn can improve anti-pilling and dyeing properties.

The first and second composite yarns thus produced can be used to form the woven fabric layers forming the outer layer (1) and inner layer (3) as described above.

A method of weaving a woven fabric having the above-mentioned woven structure as a woven fabric used to form such an outer layer (1) and an inner layer (3), and a non-woven fabric used to form the middle layer (3) The manufacturing method of the layer, i.e., for example, the spunlace nonwoven fabric manufacturing method or the needle punching nonwoven fabric manufacturing method, is well known to those skilled in the art, so description thereof is omitted.

Figure 1(B) shows that when an arc flash or flame is applied near the multilayer fabric 10 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the multilayer fabric 10 thermally contracts and effectively protects the wearer from the flame or arc flash. It outlines the mechanism that can do this. The outer layer 1 serves to primarily block the arc flash and the flame or heat transmitted therefrom. The middle layer 2 improves the insulation function by increasing the thickness of the insulating air layer as the air layer formed by the dots or stripes is thermally contracted by high temperature heat. The inner layer 3 serves to additionally block the arc flash and the flame or heat transmitted therefrom.

A person skilled in the art will combine the outer layer (1), middle layer (2), and inner layer (3) by quilting them in an appropriate manner using a sewing machine or a specialized quilting system. A multilayer fabric 10 can be produced. However, generally, no other padding materials exist between the outer layer (1) and the middle layer (2) and between the middle layer (2) and the inner layer (3).

The multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment according to the present disclosure, which has the characteristics described above, is used for workers in environments exposed to high temperatures, such as oil fields, gas fields, petrochemical product manufacturing plants, steel mills, alloy manufacturing plants, forged metal product manufacturing plants, and thermal power plants. Workwear or uniforms that provide effective protection; It can be useful as a multi-layer fabric for making workwear or uniforms for firefighters, soldiers, welders, foundry workers, etc.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail through the following examples and comparative examples. The following examples are merely examples to explain the present disclosure in more detail, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Manufacturing Example 1

52% by weight of meta-aramid fibers with a denier of about 1.50 and a fiber length of about 51 mm (manufacturer: DuPont, brand name: Nomex ®), flame retardant cellulose fibers with a denier of about 1.53 and a fiber length of about 51 mm (manufacturer: Lenzing AG, brand name) : 40% by weight of LENZING™ FR) and 2.3% by weight of anti-static fiber with a fiber length of about 51 mm (manufacturer: HYOSUNG TNC, product name: MIPAN corona) were mixed and the above-described mixing, carding, fine carding, and stretching processes were performed. I went through it and got Sliver.

In the airjet spinning Murata Vortex Spinning System (manufacturer: Murata Machinery, model name: Murata Vortex 861 Airjet Spinning machine), the sliver is passed through four pairs of draft sections and stretched under the condition of a draft ratio of 150 to 260 before being supplied to the vortex spinning machine. Thus, airjet composite spun yarn was manufactured. Two strands of this composite spun yarn were twisted together to form a plied yarn (fineness: about 40 zero cotton yarn count (Ne)) to obtain a composite spun yarn. This was used as a raw material when manufacturing the multilayer fabric of Example 1 and the fabric forming the outer layer and inner layer.

Preparation Examples 2 to 5

When weaving the outer and inner layer fabrics of the multilayer fabrics of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the composite spun yarns to be used as warp and weft yarns were mixed at the weight composition ratio summarized in Table 2 below to produce the same fabric as described in Preparation Example 1. Composite spun yarn was obtained by method and numerical values.

Preparation Examples 6 to 8

A commercially purchased para-aramid fiber spunlace nonwoven fabric is passed through a roll equipped with a protrusion pattern for embossing to produce a para-aramid spunlace nonwoven fabric with an embossed relief dot pattern having the specifications summarized in Table 2 on one side of the nonwoven fabric. got it This was used as the middle layer of the multilayer fabric of Examples 1 to 3.

Production example 9

A commercially available para-aramid fiber nonwoven fabric without an embossed dot pattern and with a basis weight of about 180 gsm was used as an intermediate layer when manufacturing the multilayer fabric of Comparative Example 1.

Example 1-3

A three-layer fabric in which these layers were laminated was manufactured by quilting the outer layer, middle layer, and inner layer with the raw materials and specifications summarized in Table 2 below. At this time, meta-aramid yarn was used for quilting.

Comparative Example 1

The outer and inner layers of Example 2 were used, but as the middle layer, a commercially available para-aramid fiber nonwoven fabric (Production Example 9) with a basis weight of about 180 gsm without an embossed dot pattern was used as is, and these layers were quilted to produce 3. A layered fabric was obtained.

For the three-layer fabrics obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1, the Arc Rating (ATPV) was measured according to the procedures and conditions specified in the ASTM F1959/F1959M Electric Arc Test, commonly referred to as the "Open Arc Test". The protection performance against arc hazard was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

Outer layer (1) Middle layer (2) Inner layer (3) line
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One <Weight composition ratio of warp and weft yarns used to manufacture twill woven fabrics>
Warp yarn: m-aramid fiber 52, flame retardant cellulose fiber 40, antistatic fiber 2.3, the first composite spun yarn (Production Example 1);
Weft: 2nd composite spun yarn of m-aramid 47, flame retardant cellulose 40, antistatic fiber 2.3 (Production Example 2) Nonwoven layer raw materials:

Spunlace nonwoven fabric of 100% para-aramid fiber (Production Example 6) <Weight composition ratio of warp and weft yarns used to manufacture plain weave fabrics>
Warp yarn: 1st composite spun yarn of m-aramid fiber 52, flame retardant cellulose 40, and antistatic fiber 2.3 (Production Example 1);
Weft: second composite spun yarn of m-aramid fiber 47, flame retardant cellulose fiber 45, and antistatic fiber 2.3 (Production Example 3); Twill weave outer layer basis weight: approximately 200 gsm (g/m2)
Embossed shapes formed on the non-woven layer: square dots,
Dot Dimension:
Approximately 2.5 mm long, approximately 2.5 mm wide,
Approximately 0.8 mm in height,
Dot density: approximately 98,200 dots/squaremeter
Dot spacing: approx. 4mm,
Middle layer basis weight: approx. 70 gsm Plain weave inner layer basis weight: approx. 120 gsm line
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2 <Composition of warp and weft yarns used in manufacturing twill woven fabrics>
Warp yarn: 1st composite spun yarn of m-aramid fiber 62, flame retardant cellulose fiber 40, and antistatic fiber 2.3 (Preparation Example 4);
Weft: Second composite spun yarn of m-aramid fiber 47, flame retardant cellulose fiber 40, and antistatic fiber 2.3 (Production Example 2) Nonwoven layer raw materials:

Spunlace nonwoven fabric of 100% para-aramid fiber (Production Example 7) <Composition of warp and weft yarns used in manufacturing plain weave fabrics>
Warp yarn: 1st composite spun yarn of m-aramid fiber 62, flame retardant cellulose fiber 40, and antistatic fiber 2.3 (Preparation Example 4);
Weft: second composite spun yarn of m-aramid fiber 47, flame retardant cellulose fiber 45, and antistatic fiber 2.3 (Production Example 3) Twill organization details:
Outer layer basis weight: approximately 220 gsm (g/m2)
Embossed shapes formed on the non-woven layer: square dots,
Dot Dimension:
Approximately 3 mm long, approximately 3 mm wide,
Approximately 0.9 mm in height,
Dot density: approximately 68,200 dots/squaremeter
Dot spacing: approx. 4mm,
Middle layer basis weight: approx. 80 gsm Plain weave organization details:
Inner layer basis weight: approximately 130 gsm line
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3 <Composition of warp and weft yarns used in manufacturing twill woven fabrics>
Warp yarn: 1st composite spun yarn of m-aramid fiber 70, flame retardant cellulose fiber 40, and antistatic fiber 2.3 (Production Example 5);
Weft: second composite spun yarn of m-aramid fiber 47, flame retardant cellulose fiber 40, and antistatic fiber 2.3 (Production Example 2); Nonwoven layer raw materials:

Spunlace nonwoven fabric of 100% para-aramid fiber (Production Example 8) <Composition of warp and weft yarns used to manufacture plain weave fabrics>
Warp yarn: 1st composite spun yarn of m-aramid fiber 70, flame retardant cellulose fiber 40, and antistatic fiber 2.3 (Production Example 5);
Weft: Second composite spun yarn of m-aramid fiber 47, flame retardant cellulose fiber 45, and antistatic fiber 2.3 (Production Example 3) Twill organization details:
Outer layer basis weight: approximately 230 gsm (g/m2) Embossed shapes formed on the non-woven layer: square dots,
Dot Dimension:
Approximately 4 mm long, approximately 4 mm wide,
Approximately 1.1 mm high,
Dot density: approximately 38,300 dots/squaremeter
Dot spacing: approx. 4mm,
Middle layer basis weight: approx. 100 gsm Plain weave organization details:
Inner layer basis weight: approximately 140 gsm rain
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One A three-layer fabric was obtained by using the outer and inner layers of Example 2, but using a commercially available para-aramid fiber nonwoven fabric (Preparation Example 9) with a basis weight of about 180 gsm without an embossed dot pattern as the middle layer.

multi-layered fabric
Gross basis weight (gsm) Arc Rating (ATPV)(cal/cm2) Example 1 about 390 41 Example 2 about 430 49 Example 3 about 470 44 Comparative Example 1 about 530 43

Referring to Tables 2 and 3, it was confirmed that although the multilayer fabric according to the present disclosure is lightweight, its Arc Rating exceeds 40 and can correspond to HRC Level 4. In comparison, the multilayer fabric of Comparative Example 1 can also meet HRC level 4, but there is a problem in that the total basis weight of the multilayer fabric is about 530 gsm, which is about 100 gsm larger than the total basis weight of 430 gsm of the corresponding multilayer fabric of Example 2. Therefore, the fabric of Comparative Example 1 has poor lightweight properties, so personal protective equipment manufactured using it will have poor wearability in high-temperature environments. In comparison, the multilayer fabrics of Examples 1 to 3 belonging to the present disclosure can demonstrate performance corresponding to HRC level 4 even at a small basis weight. Therefore, the multilayer fabrics of Examples 1 to 3 have excellent light weight and excellent performance against arc flash, so personal protective equipment manufactured using them has good wearability in high temperature environments and provides effective protection against arc flash. May. Throughout this specification, references to “one implementation,” “another implementation,” “some implementations,” etc. refer to specific elements (e.g., features, structures, etc.) described in connection with the implementation. , step or characteristic) is included in at least one embodiment described herein and may or may not exist in other embodiments. Additionally, it should be understood that the described elements may be combined in any suitable manner in various implementations.

The endpoints of a numerical range for the same component or property are inclusive of the corresponding endpoints, are independently combinable, and include all intermediate values.

Unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

Although specific implementations have been described above, alternatives, modifications, changes, improvements, and substantial equivalents that may or may not be currently anticipated may occur to applicants or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims, as filed and as amended, are intended to cover all such alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements and substantial equivalents.

Claims (10)

A multi-layer fabric for personal protective equipment to protect the wearer from flames and arc flash, comprising:
The multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment includes an outer layer; inner layer; and an intermediate layer sandwiched between the outer layer and the inner layer,
The outer layer and the inner layer are woven layers having a woven structure selected from ordinary woven structure, pile woven structure and gauze and leno woven structure. woven fabric layer),
The middle layer is a non-woven layer comprising aramid fibers, and has a plurality of embossed dots or a plurality of embossed stripes,
The woven fabric layers of the outer layer and the inner layer include warp yarns and weft yarns, wherein the warp yarns comprise first composite yarns comprising aramid fibers, flame retardant cellulose fibers, and antistatic fibers, and the weft yarns include aramid fibers, A multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment, comprising a second composite spun yarn containing flame retardant cellulose fibers and antistatic fibers, wherein the warp yarn and the weft yarn have different thermal contraction rates. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the embossed dots in the nonwoven layer has a rectangular shape with a side length of 1.0 to 5.0 mm and a height of 0.5 to 3.0 mm, and the dot density of the dots is 1 square meter of the intermediate layer. A multi-layer fabric for personal protective equipment with 10,000 to 100,000 dots per square meter and a gap of 2.0 to 6.0 mm between each dot. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the embossed stripes in the nonwoven layer has a width of 1.0 to 5.0 mm and a height of 0.5 to 3.0 mm, with a spacing between stripes of 2.0 to 6.0 mm, and a thickness of 60 per square meter. Multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment with a stripe density of from 0 to 800. The multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment according to claim 1, wherein the non-woven fabric layer consists of aramid fibers at least 70% by weight based on the total weight of the fibers constituting the non-woven fabric layer. 2. The multilayer fabric of claim 1, wherein the outer layer is a woven layer of a twill weave texture and the inner layer is a woven layer of a plain weave texture. The multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the aramid fibers: the flame retardant cellulose fibers: the antistatic fibers in the outer layer and the inner layer is 45 to 70:30 to 70:1 to 5. According to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant cellulose fiber is ammonia; and a flame retardant material in the form of an oxidized condensate of a tetrakis hydroxyalkyl phosphonium salt and at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen compounds containing at least one amine group. The method of claim 1, wherein the flame retardant cellulose fiber has a fineness of 1.50 to 1.55 denier and a fiber length of 48 to 52 mm, and the aramid fiber has a fineness of 1.48 to 1.52 denier and a fiber length of 48 to 52 mm, and the electrified A multilayer fabric for personal protective equipment, wherein the barrier fibers have a fineness of 1.70 to 2.70 denier and a fiber length of 48 to 52 mm. The method of claim 1, wherein the outer layer and the inner layer have a basis weight of 150 to 260 gsm and 100 to 180 gsm, respectively, and the middle layer has a basis weight of 60 to 100 gsm, and the outer layer and the middle layer and the inner layers have a combined basis weight of 380 to 520 gsm. Personal protective equipment formed from a multi-layer fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 9.