KR20240042951A - Vibration control Blasting method using Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil - Google Patents

Abstract

The vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention is a vibration-controlled blasting method that removes moisture inside the blast hole and then blasts the rock mass using colostrum explosives (ANFO, Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil). Depending on the site situation and purpose, precise vibration-controlled blasting, A step of classifying blasting types into small-scale vibration-controlled blasting, medium-scale vibration-controlled blasting and general blasting, a blasting design step of designing with the specifications of colostrum explosives preset according to the type of blasting, a drilling step to prepare a blast hole in the rock, and the inside of the blast hole. A moisture removal step of removing moisture, a charging step of charging explosives and a detonator in the blast hole from which moisture has been removed, a coloring step of filling the blast hole opening with an insatiable material, and a detonation step of detonating the explosive in the blast hole with a detonator. The blasting design step includes selecting the diameter of the blast hole, hole depth, minimum resistance line, ball spacing, and charge amount per delay from preset specifications, and sensing vibration and noise in the field after the detonation step and the sensed information. It further includes a communication step of transmitting and receiving with the worker and the server, and stores and analyzes the sensed vibration and noise data and applies it to the subsequent blasting method to minimize blasting vibration or noise.

Description

{Vibration control Blasting method using Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil}

The present invention relates to a blasting method, and more specifically, to a blasting method that reduces vibration using colostrum explosives and enables effective vibration control by applying the optimal blasting method and specifications.

In our country, more than 70% of the country's territory is mountainous, so road construction often requires the construction of tunnels. Such mountainous terrain consists of the ground surface, the soil layer existing below the ground surface, and the rock layer (bedrock, blast rock) existing below the soil layer. ) consists of.

Crushing rock is one of the most important processes at civil engineering construction sites in these mountainous areas, and horizontal blasting is mainly performed using horizontal blast holes. In addition, in construction and civil engineering sites where underground rock on a horizontal surface, not a slope, must be broken, explosives are used to perform vertical blasting using vertical blast holes. Currently, emulsion explosives are mainly used, and the blasting specifications are as announced by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. The blasting method specifications presented in the “Road Construction Open Blasting Design and Construction Guidelines” are applied.

However, Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO), which is used with emulsion explosives, is an explosive that is used by mixing ammonium nitrate and diesel oil, and although it secures excellent performance in vibration control, especially small- and medium-scale blasting methods, it does not require accurate construction methods and methods. Review of specifications and provision of information were insufficient.

In addition, due to the nature of colostrum explosives, a dry blast method is essential, but currently, there is a lack of review of this dry blast, and blasting is carried out using methods and specifications that cannot be applied in the field, causing problems such as vibration, noise, and dust generation. There is also a problem of increasing civil complaints due to environmental damage.

Registered Patent No. 10-2286915 (announced on August 9, 2021)

The present invention was developed in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and the purpose of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly vibration-controlled blasting method that reduces vibration as much as possible by effectively applying the method used in the blasting method and its specifications and specifications.

The vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention involves removing the moisture inside the blast hole and then blasting the rock mass using colostrum explosives (ANFO, Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil). Depending on the site situation and purpose, precise vibration-controlled blasting or small-scale vibration-controlled blasting is performed. , classifying blasting types into medium-scale vibration-controlled blasting and general blasting; Blasting design step of designing with the specifications of colostrum explosives preset according to the type of blasting; A drilling step to provide a blast hole in the bedrock; A moisture removal step of removing moisture inside the blast hole; A charging step of charging explosives and a detonator into a blast hole from which moisture has been removed; A coloring step of filling the blast hole opening with a coloring material; and a detonation step of detonating the explosive in the blast hole with a detonator. Includes.

In addition, the blasting design step includes selecting the diameter of the blast hole, hole depth, minimum resistance line, ball spacing, and charge amount per delay from preset specifications, and sensing vibration and noise in the field after the detonation step; And a communication step of transmitting and receiving the sensed information to the worker and the server; It is further characterized by minimizing blasting vibration or noise by storing and analyzing the sensed vibration and noise data and applying it to the subsequent blasting method.

In addition, the diameter of the blast hole, hole depth, minimum resistance line, ball spacing, and charge per delay according to the type of blasting are 45 mm, 2.7 m, 1.1 m, 1.3 m, and 1.18 for small-scale vibration control blasting (TYPE-3), respectively. kg, for medium-scale vibration control blasting (TYPE-4), 64mm, 3.4m, 1.8m, 2.1m, 3.75kg, and for precision vibration control blasting (TYPE-2), 45mm, 2m, 0.7m, 0.9m, 0.28. kg, for general blasting (TYPE-5), it is characterized by 64mm, 5.7m, 2.2m, 2.8m, and 9.5kg.

In addition, in the moisture removal step, a waterproof tube is used to prevent moisture absorption of colostrum explosives and colorants inside the blast hole, and the bottom of the waterproof tube is first heat-adhesively sealed, a second bundle is sealed, and the remaining extra tube is turned over. The bottom of the tube is manufactured in two layers to prevent damage to the waterproof tube first, and then a damage-prevention protection cap is placed on the outer diameter of the waterproof tube to secondarily prevent damage to the waterproof tube due to friction with the inner wall of the blast hole when the tube is penetrated. .

In addition, a colostrum explosive charge, a coloring guide, and a stand are included for rapid charging and coloring in the waterproof tube, and a waterproof tube to penetrate into the blast hole is mounted on the charging and coloring guide to perform the tube penetration, charging, and coloring processes as a batch work. It is characterized by

In addition, by applying a multiple detonation system to the detonation of medium- and long-bore colostrum explosives, it prevents detonation failure caused by defective detonators and reduces the combustion length of the water explosives covered by each pre-explosive to prevent the weakening of the explosion synchronization of colostrum explosives, thereby preventing the detonation of colostrum explosives from being weakened. It is characterized by reducing the incidence of lumps.

In addition, when applying the specifications set according to the above blasting type, the diameter of the blast hole, hole depth, minimum resistance line, ball spacing, and charge amount per delay are changed according to the increase or decrease in the separation distance from the security object in the excavation section. It is characterized by

In addition, two or more colostrum explosive powders of different diameters are mixed and charged to reduce vibration and increase the blasting effect by minimizing the hollow part in the blast hole and increasing the gas pressure during blasting, and after the drilling step, cracks inside the blast hole are charged. An internal sealing step to prevent overexposure by checking the pupil and sealing it with a separate member or waterproof tube; It is characterized in that it further includes.

In addition, colostrum explosives are used as the main explosive and emulsion explosives are used as the initiator, but since it is essential to remove moisture for the colostrum explosive, precipitation information, weather information, temperature information, humidity information, and sunlight at the blast site are collected at the blasting design stage. It is characterized by changing and selecting the specifications of colostrum explosives by simultaneously analyzing information and groundwater information.

The vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention can secure eco-friendliness, safety, usability, and economic feasibility by effectively reducing vibration and improving blasting efficiency by applying optimal specifications and methods.

1 is a basic flow chart of the vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention;
Figure 3 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention;
Figure 4 is a conceptual diagram of the specifications applied during general vibration-controlled blasting among the vibration-controlled blasting methods according to the present invention;
Figure 5 is a conceptual diagram of the specifications applied during precision vibration control blasting among the vibration control blasting methods according to the present invention;
Figure 6 is a conceptual diagram of the specifications applied in small-scale vibration-controlled blasting among the vibration-controlled blasting methods according to the present invention;
Figure 7 is a conceptual diagram of the specifications applied during medium-scale vibration-controlled blasting among the vibration-controlled blasting methods according to the present invention;
Figure 8 is a table of ANFO specifications for each type of vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention;
Figure 9 is a reference flow chart of the vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, with reference to the attached drawings, the vibration-controlled blasting method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail so that a person skilled in the art can easily practice it. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be implemented in many different forms. In order to clearly explain the present invention, parts that are not relevant to the description are omitted, and identical or similar components are assigned the same reference numerals throughout the specification.

First, blasting specifications vary depending on the nature (strength) and shape (shape) of the explosive used. Through the present invention, in the case of blasting using colostrum explosives (ANFO), the aim is to provide specifications that serve as engineering standards for the use of ANFO explosives. In particular, a waterproof tube and ANFO charge that prevent moisture absorption of ANFO explosives in a water hole, a charge using a color holder, We would like to provide a color transfer method as well.

The colostrum explosive to be applied in the present invention is also called ANFO (ammonium nitrate fuel oil mixture). ANFO, as the name suggests, is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and diesel oil, and the ratio of ammonium nitrate 94.3 to diesel 5.7 (weight ratio) is most effective. Currently, ANFO accounts for most of the explosives consumption in each country, replacing dynamite. Hereinafter, in the description in the specification, colostrum explosive and ANFO are used interchangeably, but have the same meaning.

ANFO's explosion speed varies depending on ANFO's particle size, density, loading specific gravity, moisture, content, coating, diameter, sealing strength, etc., and caution is required as it has more influencing factors than dynamite. The finer the ammonium nitrate particles, the faster the explosion speed, and the greater the density of the particles, the slower the explosive speed. Additionally, when the moisture content exceeds 4%, the explosion speed slows down rapidly, and when the moisture content exceeds 10%, the explosion becomes impossible.

The vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention is a vibration-controlled blasting method that removes moisture inside the blast hole and then blasts the rock using colostrum explosives (ANFO, Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil). In order to efficiently use colostrum explosives in addition to existing emulsion explosives. In this process, a dry-air method is essential to remove moisture inside the blast hole.

In addition, the vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention includes a step (S100) of classifying blasting types into precision vibration-controlled blasting, small-scale vibration-controlled blasting, medium-scale vibration-controlled blasting, and general blasting, depending on the site situation and purpose. A blasting design step (S200) designed with the specifications of the set colostrum explosive, a drilling step (S300) to prepare a blast hole in the rock, a moisture removal step (S400) to remove moisture inside the blast hole, and an explosive charge in the blast hole from which the moisture has been removed. It includes a charging step (S500) of charging the detonator, a coloring step (S600) of filling the blast hole opening with a detonator, and a detonation step (S700) of detonating the explosive in the blast hole with a detonator.

The blasting type classification step (S100) can be applied according to various scales and characteristics, and can preferably be divided into precision vibration control, small-scale vibration control, medium-scale vibration control, and general blasting as described above.

In the blasting design step (S200), it is important to refer to the specifications set for colostrum explosives (ANFO) according to the characteristics of the present invention for the diameter of the blast hole, hole depth, minimum resistance line, ball spacing, and charge amount per delay. The description will be described in detail later, including with reference to FIG. 8 .

Figure 1 is a basic flowchart of the vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention, which includes the process of designing blasting using colostrum explosives using preset specifications according to the type of blasting and removing moisture. In addition, Figure 2 includes a process of obtaining information through sensing of vibration and noise after detonation, which is a feature of the present invention, analyzing the obtained information, and reflecting it later.

In addition, after the detonation step (S700), a step of sensing vibration and noise in the field (S800) and a communication step of transmitting and receiving the sensed information to the worker and the server (S900) are further included, thereby enabling new blasting and blasting design at a new site. The previously established specifications for colostrum explosives are used, but some of the specifications are changed or modified using the above-mentioned information.

It is characterized by minimizing blasting vibration and noise by storing and analyzing the sensed vibration and noise data and applying it to the subsequent blasting method. In addition, when necessary, the obtained information can be shared or made into a database for each site or worker.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention includes a step (S310) of checking cracks or cavities inside the blast hole to increase the gas pressure during blasting and reduce noise or vibration, and accordingly, the internal It further includes a sealing step (S330) to seal and seal cracks or cavities. Of course, the sealing step (S330) may be carried out simultaneously with the moisture removal step (S400), and the waterproof tube, holder, and sealing member may be used together to simultaneously perform sealing and moisture removal functions.

For reference, Figure 4 is a conceptual diagram of specifications applied during general vibration-controlled blasting among the vibration-controlled blasting methods according to the present invention, Figure 5 is a conceptual diagram of specifications applied during precision vibration-controlled blasting, and Figure 6 is a conceptual diagram of specifications applied during precision vibration-controlled blasting. Figure 7 is a conceptual diagram of the specifications applied during medium-scale vibration control blasting.

As described above, the specifications of the colostrum explosive according to the type of blasting are as shown in Figure 8. The diameter of the blast hole, the hole depth, the minimum resistance line, the ball spacing, and the charge per delay according to the type of blasting are respectively small-scale vibration-controlled blasting (TYPE- ²), it is 45mm, 2.7m, 1.1m, 1.3m, 1.18kg, and for medium-scale vibration control blasting (TYPE-₃), it is 64mm, 3.4m, 1.8m, 2.1m, 3.75kg, precision vibration control blasting (TYPE-₃). -±), it is 45mm, 2m, 0.7m, 0.9m, 0.28kg, and for general blasting (TYPE-*), it is 64mm, 5.7m, 2.2m, 2.8m, 9.5kg.

In addition, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is enacting and implementing standard blasting, which is a national technical standard, through the road construction open-air blasting design and construction guidelines (notice), and it is applied to the design and construction of domestic blasting. The purpose of standard blasting by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is “to prevent civil complaints caused by vibration and blasting noise caused by rock blasting and to apply an economical blasting method suitable for site conditions.” The classification criteria for each standard blasting method announced by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport are as follows.

Each method of standard blasting is classified into emulsion specifications using emulsion explosives from TYPE 2 to 5, and is classified into methods for each type in connection with the level of vibration generated according to the range of charge per delay. Since blasting establishes a certain functional relationship with the vibration level (size) that occurs according to the increase or decrease in the amount of charge per delay, vibration control is possible by increasing or decreasing the amount of charge per delay. As the name of the method and the method outline suggest, vibration control is the main purpose and the baseline am. TYPE 6 large-scale blasting method is an ANFO specification blasting method that only considers the purpose of blasting efficiency.

For reference, when controlling blast vibration, an important aspect to consider along with the increase or decrease in the amount of charge per delay is the explosion speed of the used explosive, which is closely related to ground vibration. The Standard Safety Work Guidelines for Blasting Work (Notice) stipulates the use of low-explosive explosives to reduce blast vibration. ANFO is a representative low-velocity explosive with an explosion velocity of 3,300 m/sec. The vibration reduction effect of ANFO is noticeable when blasting with the same amount of delayed charge per shot as the emulsion, at a level of 57% compared to the emulsion's detonation speed of 5,800 m/sec. In terms of noise, it is generally accepted that low-velocity explosives generate less noise than high-velocity explosives. It's a known concept.

It is impossible to completely eliminate vibration and noise in blasting using the explosive energy of explosives. The vibration and noise that inevitably accompany blasting cause harm to residents and structures near the blasting site, causing social and economic costs and conflicts, and thus generating civil complaints. Therefore, they are subject to legal regulations such as the Noise and Vibration Management Act, and there is a limit on the number of blasting vibrations. By stipulating compliance with 75dB(V), occurrence of exceeding the water limit is strictly regulated.

Standard blasting, which is a national technical standard and law, not only does not reflect the purpose of the blasting safety law by excluding ANFO, a low-velocity explosive, from blasting for vibration control purposes, although the important purpose is to reduce vibrations at blasting sites adjacent to security objects. , there is an inefficiency problem of vibration control using high-explosive emulsion explosives, which are disadvantageous to vibration control. Another problem is that it is unreasonable in terms of economic feasibility.

The purpose of establishing standard blasting is to apply an economical blasting method suitable for field conditions, and Article 22, Paragraph 2 of the Standard Safety Work Guidelines for Blasting Work stipulates that the performance and economic feasibility of explosives be taken into consideration in the selection criteria for explosives. As outlined in the standard large-scale blasting method (TYPE 6), ANFO explosives have excellent blasting efficiency in terms of explosive performance and are highly economical at about half the price (56.2%) of emulsion explosives in terms of explosive cost, making them the most widely used explosive for rock destruction. .

However, due to the weak hygroscopicity of ANFO explosives, water must be removed and waterproofing measures taken when using ANFO in a water-filled blast hole (water hole) as specified in Article 49, Paragraph 3 of the Standard Safety Work Guidelines for Blasting Work. In order to solve this problem, the present invention includes the inventive idea of dry engineering.

There is a clear basis and reason for using ANFO explosives to achieve vibration control purposes, blasting efficiency, and economic feasibility purposes, such as the above-mentioned standard blasting purposes and safety laws, but ANFO is used in standard blasting TYPE 2 to TYPE 5 methods, which are national technical standards. Due to the subtitle of ANFO specifications, which is an engineering standard, conventional blasting is generally performed by arbitrarily charging ANFO explosives after boring into emulsion specifications.

However, the relationship between the specifications and the explosive used is the same as the engine type and the fuel used, so ANFO charge is not suitable for emulsion specifications, like supplying diesel to a gasoline engine. ANFO is powdery in shape, and emulsion medicine sachets are rod-shaped, so the charging method is different. While ANFO is a mill charge (fully charged) that blocks decoupling (empty space in the charge chamber), emulsion is a partial charge that includes decoupling and has specifications (hole diameter, minimum resistance line, space gap, charge amount per delay (ball)). , crushing amount per unit, etc.), the ANFO specifications are wider and larger than the emulsion specifications.

Therefore, as shown in the following figure, if you replace ANFO explosives with emulsion specifications, the rock crushing condition will be poor due to a mismatch between the specifications and the explosives used, and the size of vibration will increase, making it impossible to obtain the intended blasting effect. Figure 1 shows the charge and blasting results of the standard general blasting emulsion specifications, and Figure 2 shows the charge and blasting results of replacing the same charge amount (7.5 kg) with ANFO in the standard general blasting emulsion specifications.

The state of the engineered rock mass is a measure of evaluating the efficiency of the blasting method. As shown in Figure 1, when the explosive energy of the explosive is consumed to effectively destroy the rock mass, the rock fragments are broken into small pieces and vibration is reduced. On the other hand, as shown in Figure 2, as the size of the wave stone increases, the amount of elastic waves (ground vibration) generated increases. Therefore, the specifications and explosives used must be matched to increase blasting quality (fragility) and blast pollution (noise, vibration, scattering). ) can be reduced to achieve the intended blasting effect.

Meanwhile, when blasting using ANFO explosives manually, a waterproof tube must be used in accordance with Article 49, Paragraph 3 of the Standard Safety Work Guidelines for Blasting Work. The reason why the law stipulates the use of waterproof tubes when blasting ANFO by hand is because even if the water in the handmade hole is sufficiently removed and charging and spreading are performed, time elapses between the completion of charging and spreading and the time of detonation (blasting). In a blast hole where water has been completely removed, re-inflow of water occurs from joints in the rock surrounding the blast hole over time, and when the re-inflow water absorbs ANFO explosives, ANFO reaches a state of non-detonation at a moisture absorption rate of 8 to 10%, preventing this. To this end, there are regulations on the use of waterproof tubes.

The conventional method of using a waterproof tube is to cut a long hose-type vinyl tube to the length of the blast hole, tie the end of the tube to enter the hole, and then use a funnel inside the tube to charge ANFO explosives. The tube penetration process is carried out through a single hole. In the case of penetrating rods, penetrating rods are mainly used, and in medium and long drilling, penetrating rods are mainly used. In the process of lowering a waterproof tube to the bottom of a cavity using a penetrating rod or penetrating weight, the entire tube is hollow, and because it is penetrated in a collapsed state, there is little friction with the hollow wall, but the end of the waterproof tube on which the weight of the rod or weight is applied is It is a vulnerable area for damage where the frictional force with the hollow wall is concentrated.

Since the purpose of using a waterproof tube is to prevent moisture absorption of ANFO explosives from re-inflow water, there is a need to improve the method of preventing damage during the penetration of the conventional waterproof tube, and the method of tying and sealing the bottom of the tube is also required to seal it over time. Technology improvement is necessary because there is a risk that re-inflowed water may penetrate into the tube through this area.

According to the prior art, the charging method for blasting using a waterproof tube is to use a funnel at the entrance of the waterproof tube on the tool side after penetrating the waterproof tube, and then fill the tube with ANFO explosive and coloring material continuously, or to charge the ANFO explosive and then blast the waterproof tube into the hole wall. This is the process of turning it to one side and filling it with coloring material.

In blasting using a waterproof tube, the conventional technology separates the waterproof tube penetration step and the charging/covering process. During the charging/covering process, one person penetrates the funnel into the waterproof tube entrance to support it, and another person supports the waterproof tube entrance. Because ANFO and sealing material must be filled into the penetrating funnel, two manpower is required, and in the reality of blasting hundreds of holes a day through multi-row drilling, the method requires excessive time and manpower, but the integrated work of tube penetration, charging, and sealing saves time. There is a need to shorten the manpower requirements for the charging and coating stages.

In addition, as the outline of the standard large-scale blasting method suggests, ANFO has excellent blasting effect even in long-hole blasting, so it is used as the main explosive for long-hole blasting in mines that normally drill and blast 18m. When the pre-explosive charge is detonated in a blast hole chamber sealed with an electrolyte, the 5,800 m/sec explosion velocity generated by the emulsion pre-explosive charge is transferred to the water explosive charge, rapidly approaching the 3,300 m/sec detonation speed of ANFO, and the ANFO explosive burns continuously. In the process, the detonation velocity of the ANFO explosive gradually decreases. For this reason, in long-hole blasting using ANFO, the simultaneous detonation of the pre-explosive charge (emulsion) and the distant water explosive charge (ANFO) is weakened, so there is a problem in which the effect of ANFO blasting cannot be fully obtained as shown in the figure below.

Looking at the change in detonation velocity of ANFO explosives burned within the charge chamber in standard large-scale regular explosion blasting according to the prior art, the 5,800 m/sec detonation velocity generated from the full explosive (emulsion) is transferred to the water explosive (ANFO), and at a high speed. As it approaches 3,300m/sec and moves away from the full explosive charge, the detonation speed slows down and the detonation ends.

Another problem is that, in terms of the way the explosive's destructive power develops in rock, ANFO explosives take the form of ductile destruction based on the dominant static effect (gas pressure effect), so they are very advantageous in ordinary and soft rocks and are more effective than emulsion explosives in hard rocks. It's disadvantageous. Emulsion explosives have a high explosive speed and the dynamic effect (shock wave) acts predominantly, so the brittle fracture pattern is prominent and is advantageous in hard rocks.

Under the premise that the blasting effects of ANFO explosives and emulsion explosives are equivalent, judging the pros and cons of adaptability to the softness and hardness of rock according to explosive characteristics, ANFO explosives are disadvantageous compared to emulsion explosives, which have a high detonation velocity, in hard rock. The prior art is to increase the ANFO detonation velocity to a maximum of 1,000 m/sec by using an ANFO-specific full-explosive charge (booster) with a very high detonation velocity to weaken ANFO's low detonation velocity and detonation synchrony, and to weaken ANFO detonation synchrony in long range, an electric Instead of a detonator, a detonation line is drawn to the bottom of the charging hole and then blasted, thereby preventing a decrease in the size of crushed particles (generation of lumps) in hard rock long-hole blasting.

However, the supply of ANFO-specific boosters (nitroglycerin, NG series) to the domestic market has been discontinued by one of the two domestic explosive manufacturers, and even if the booster is used as a detonator, there is a problem that ANFO detonates at a high speed in long distances. Therefore, it is not effective enough, and there is a technical inconvenience in detonator blasting that requires switching the electric detonator blasting system, so there is a need to improve the reduction in crush particle size due to weakened explosion synchrony in long-hole blasting using ANFO.

In the current situation where improvement is needed for the above-mentioned problems, the applicant seeks to provide specifications of an excellent and effective colostrum explosive through the present invention. Detailed information on the specifications can be found in the following table, and it was confirmed that superior effects were obtained compared to the prior art through testing by an accredited testing agency, and the specifications and numbers have critical significance that have not been presented anywhere before. can see. In particular, various specifications and values are presented in addition to the diameter of the blast hole, hole depth, minimum resistance line, ball spacing, and charge amount per delay depending on the type of blasting.

To explain further, the difference between the ANFO specifications and the emulsion specifications is due to the characteristics of the applied explosive. Looking specifically at the difference between the two specifications, the ANFO specifications have a smaller perforation diameter, larger explosive diameter, blocked decoupling, and expanded sub-drilling compared to the standard blasting specifications. , it can be seen that the resistance line, space gap is expanded, the proportional ratio of the charge field and the full color field are at the same level, the amount of charge per detonator (ball) increases, the amount of specific charge increases, the specific detonator amount and the detonator amount decrease, and the amount of shredding per ball increases.

To explain the detailed reasons and basis for the change in ANFO specifications, the changes in the decoupling index of the perforation diameter and the explosive diameter are because ANFO is charged by blocking decoupling (empty space), unlike emulsion explosives, in the charging method, so the boring diameter becomes the explosive diameter. ANFO specifications inevitably require reducing the hole diameter to avoid concentrated charging at the bottom of the blast hole and maintain the columnar charging structure at the same level of charging as the emulsion.

The basis for increasing the amount of charge per delay (ball) is that the level of vibration generation in blasting for vibration control purposes is the baseline. The explosion velocity of the explosive, which is closely related to the vibration during blasting, is 57% (5,800 m/sec / 3,300 m/sec) compared to the emulsion in the case of ANFO, which is 43% lower than that of the emulsion. The amount of charge per ball increases.

Compared to each emulsion specification, the increase rate of charge per delay (ball) of ANFO specification is 12% for TYPE 2, 18% for TYPE 3, 25% for TYPE 4, and 27% for TYPE 5. In line with the purpose of standard blasting vibration control, the closer to the security object, the better the vibration control. , the construction method for each type of ANFO specifications was designed so that as the number of types increases, the rate of increase in charge amount compared to standard blasting also increases, with an emphasis on economic feasibility as the distance increases.

Due to the increase in the amount of charge per delay (ball) of each ANFO specification, the minimum resistance line and space gap are expanded compared to the standard, sub-drilling (root cutting) is expanded by the ratio of the space gap expansion, and the bench height is reduced by the sub-drilling expansion (bench Height=hole depth-sub drilling).

What is unique about ANFO specifications is that the specific dosage of each type is 4.5% higher on average than the standard blasting emulsion specifications. The specific charge is the explosion energy required per unit of rock (㎥), which is designed to be higher than the standard blasting emulsion specifications by increasing ANFO specifications by 5.7%, TYPE 3 3.5%, TYPE 4 4%, and TYPE 5 4.8% compared to the standard emulsion specifications. The crushing particle size was improved to reduce the amount of rock fragments required for secondary crushing as the size of the rock fragments was crushed small.

The specific detonator volume and Bicheon factory are numbers representing the detonator and drilling length required per unit of rock (㎥) according to ANFO specifications, and the crushing volume per hole represents the amount of rock mined from one blast hole, which measures the economics and construction speed of the specifications. It is one of the main indicators. Compared to the emulsion specification, the increase rate of crushing amount per hole for each ANFO specification is 6% for TYPE 2, 14% for TYPE 3, 20% for TYPE 4, and 21% for TYPE 5, with an average of 15.3% for each type.

The range of explosive charge per delay in ANFO specifications is the minimum and maximum amount of explosives that can be used in the excavation section where each method is applied, and is set to be the same as the standard emulsion specifications as the boundary line dividing each method. When using the minimum value close to the security object and the maximum value far from the security object within the range of charge per delay for each method TYPE, the specifications of each TYPE presented as standard values are dimensions such as perforation diameter, perforation depth, minimum resistance line, perforation spacing, etc. must be changed to establish a specification structure according to the change in charge quantity.

The ANFO specifications of the present invention apply and design the same engineering standards as the standard emulsion specifications TYPE 2 to TYPE 5 and TYPE 6 ANFO specifications, and have the same main loading charge in terms of specification structure, the same level of proportionality between the charge cabinet and the full color field, and the expansion and proportion of the space gap. Since the engineering structure, such as the sub-drilling depth, is the same as the standard blasting specifications, the same specification effect appears, and since the applied explosive is ANFO, the purpose of blasting vibration reduction and economic efficiency is achieved by this ANFO specification.

In order to prove the suitability of the ANFO specifications of the present invention, test blasting was conducted in Hamyang-Hapcheon section 6 of National Highway No. 14 under the supervision of the Korea Expressway Corporation and the Road Traffic Research Institute, and the results were reported to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and the “ANFO” was reported to the National Institute of Industrial Technology at Suncheon National University. By requesting a “field test study to evaluate the performance of the specifications method,” test blasting was conducted in section 9 of the Anseong-Seongnam high-speed national highway and the evaluation results were published in a paper to verify the engineering suitability of the ANFO specifications of this invention.

In addition, the vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention essentially removes moisture, and in the moisture removal step, a waterproof tube is used to prevent moisture absorption of colostrum explosives and colorants inside the blast hole, and the bottom of the waterproof tube is first heat bonded. After sealing, performing a secondary bundle sealing treatment, turning over the remaining extra tube and covering it to make a double layer at the bottom of the tube to prevent damage to the waterproof tube first, a damage-prevention protective cap is placed on the outer diameter of the waterproof tube to protect the inner wall of the blast hole when the tube is penetrated. It is characterized by secondary prevention of damage to the waterproof tube due to friction with the water.

In addition, a colostrum explosive charge, a coloring guide, and a stand are included for rapid charging and coloring in the waterproof tube, and a waterproof tube to penetrate into the blast hole is mounted on the charging and coloring guide to perform the tube penetration, charging, and coloring processes in an integrated work. It is characterized by

A further explanation of the above-mentioned moisture removal, moisture prevention, and drying is as follows. (1) First sealing (thermal bonding) leaving 30 cm of space at the bottom of the tube that penetrates into the blast cavity, and sealing (2) Second sealing by tying the sealing area to block re-inflow water from penetrating into the waterproof tube and then penetrating the tube. To prepare for damage due to friction with the construction wall, (3) the extra tube (30cm) left from the sealing area is turned over on the main body and made into two layers to provide primary protection to the tube main body, and then (4) a protective cap to prevent secondary damage. is attached to the outer diameter of the tube to provide secondary protection to the tube body from friction damage.

The double sealing of the waterproof tube of the present invention achieves the purpose of preventing moisture absorption of ANFO explosives by re-inflow water by preventing re-inflow water from penetrating into the waterproof tube and preventing double damage to the tube when the tube penetrates.

Regarding the charge, color transfer guide, and stand, the stand is a pipe of a predetermined length reaching 1.5 times the blast hole diameter. The lower end of one side is shaped like a funnel, and a tapered pipe is connected to the outlet of the funnel. The upper diameter of the tapered pipe connected to the funnel is larger than the blast hole diameter, and the lower diameter is smaller than the blast hole diameter so that it is inserted and fitted into the blast hole inlet.

The guide has a funnel shape on one side of the top of the pipe that is equal to or smaller than the predetermined pipe length of the holder, and the upper diameter of the funnel is wider than the diameter of the holder pipe so that when the guide is combined with the holder, the holder is placed on the top of the holder pipe. The diameter of the guide pipe is 10 to 15 mm smaller than the blast hole diameter. A long waterproof tube with the same diameter as the blast hole diameter is folded and inserted into the short guide pipe. Then, the upper end of the waterproof tube is tied with a rubber band to ensure that the inserted tube is taut. maintain the status quo.

The purpose of reducing the manpower required in the charging and discoloring stage and shortening the construction speed is achieved by performing the waterproofing tube penetration and charging and discoloring process in an integrated manner with the charging and discoloring guide and holder of the present invention.

The waterproofing function of the waterproof tube of the present invention is maintained through double sealing and double damage prevention, and the quality of construction using the charge and color holder is requested from a quality inspection public certification body (KCL) to determine whether the waterproof function of the tube is maintained and the charge and charge Received quality certification for speed of color application.

In addition, the vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention prevents detonation failure caused by defective detonator by applying a multiple detonation system to blasting medium and long colostrum explosives, and reduces the combustion length of the water explosives covered by each pre-explosive, thereby increasing the colostrum explosives. It is characterized by reducing the incidence of large lumps in hard cancer by preventing the weakening of explosion synchrony.

In other words, in order to prevent the problem of weakening explosion synchronicity in long-hole ANFO blasting, the detonation method was changed from single detonation to multiple detonation, and the combustion length of the water explosives covered by a single detonator was divided into the length of the water explosives covered by each pre-explosive. By shortening, a certain level of explosion speed is maintained and explosion synchronization is achieved.

In multiple detonation, the same time difference is applied to each detonator, and in the case of a double detonation, the regular detonation charge length of a single detonation in the prior art is divided into four equal detonators by double detonation, thereby reducing the combustion length covered by each detonator by 1/4. do. During double detonation, the detonation speed of the ANFO explosive is maintained at 3,300 m/sec, and the combustion length of the explosive is shortened to 1/4, preventing the weakening of explosion synchronicity. In the multiple detonation of the present invention, the purpose of improving adaptability to hard rock is achieved by increasing the number of detonations multiple times, such as triple or quadruple, depending on the charging length of the blast hole and the strength (hardening) of the rock.

In addition, blasting specifications are provided according to the present invention, but when applying the preset specifications according to the blasting type, the diameter of the blast hole, hole depth, minimum resistance line, ball spacing, and charge amount per delay increase or decrease the separation distance from the security object in the excavation section. The value can be changed and applied accordingly.

In addition, two or more colostrum explosive powders of different diameters can be mixed and charged to reduce vibration and increase the blasting effect by minimizing the hollow part in the blast hole and increasing the gas pressure during blasting.

In addition, after the drilling step, an internal sealing step (S330) of checking cracks or cavities inside the blast hole (S310) and sealing them with a separate member or waterproof tube to prevent overexposure (S330) may be further included.

In addition, colostrum explosives are used as the main explosive and emulsion explosives are used as the initiator, but since it is essential to remove moisture for the colostrum explosive, precipitation information, weather information, temperature information, humidity information, and sunlight at the blast site are collected at the blasting design stage. By simultaneously analyzing information and groundwater information, the specifications of colostrum explosives can be changed and selected.

As shown below, the sequence of the vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention is explained as follows. (1) In the blasting design stage, ANFO specifications are designed, and the conventional technology is designed for emulsion specifications. (2) According to the ANFO specifications at the perforation stage, the perforation diameter is reduced compared to the conventional technology (TYPE 2, 3, 51 mm -> 45 mm. TYPE 4, 5, 76 mm -> 64 mm), and the minimum resistance line and space gap are expanded.

(3) Complete removal of water holes is a core mechanism of ANFO specifications. If water removal is not a prerequisite, ANFO specifications cannot be applied according to legal provisions, and it is a process that is not included in the prior art emulsion specifications.

(4) Waterproof tube application stage. It must be used manually in accordance with legal regulations. After installing the waterproof tube with double sealing and double damage prevention measures on the charging and coloring guide, the guide is inserted into the holder and prepared for assembly. In a), when the stand is placed at the entrance of the blast hole, the lower part of the stand is inserted into the tool and fixed. b) Penetrate the waterproof tube to the bottom of the cavity using a penetration rod or penetration weight. At this time, the end of the waterproof tube is tied to the guide with a rubber band to maintain the inserted tube in a taut state. c) Pour ANFO and coloring agent into the entrance of the guide attached to the funnel and perform the charging and coloring steps inside the waterproof tube.

In addition, the vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention can be applied to various environments and working conditions, and can preferably be applied to rock crushing in mountains, sloping terrain, or flat lands. In addition, it can be applied in conjunction with conventional blasting methods, and various applications and uses are possible without interpretation being limited to the name.

The present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings, and simple substitutions, modifications, and changes within the technical spirit of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

The vibration-controlled blasting method according to the present invention reduces vibration by using colostrum explosives, but can be used in a blasting method that enables effective vibration control by applying the optimal blasting method and specifications.

S100: Blasting type classification step
S200: Blasting design stage
S300: Drilling step
S310: Crack and pupil confirmation stage
S330: Ceiling Dange
S400: Moisture removal step
S500: Charging stage
S600: Color transfer stage
S700: Detonation stage
S800: Vibration and noise sensing stage
S900: Information transmission/reception and analysis stage

Claims (8)

In the vibration-controlled blasting method of blasting rock using ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil) after removing moisture inside the blast hole,
Classifying blasting types into precision vibration-controlled blasting, small-scale vibration-controlled blasting, medium-scale vibration-controlled blasting, and general blasting according to the site situation and purpose;
Blasting design step of designing with the specifications of colostrum explosives preset according to the type of blasting;
A drilling step to provide a blast hole in the bedrock;
A moisture removal step of removing moisture inside the blast hole;
A charging step of charging explosives and a detonator into a blast hole from which moisture has been removed;
A coloring step of filling the blast hole opening with a coloring material; and
A detonation step of detonating the explosive in the blast hole with a detonator; Includes,
In the blasting design step, the diameter of the blast hole, hole depth, minimum resistance line, ball spacing, and charge amount per delay are selected from preset specifications,
Sensing vibration and noise in the field after the detonation step; And a communication step of transmitting and receiving the sensed information to the worker and the server; A vibration-controlled blasting method that further includes minimizing blasting vibration or noise by storing and analyzing the sensed vibration and noise data and applying it to the subsequent blasting method.
According to clause 1,
The diameter of the blast hole, the hole depth, the minimum resistance line, the ball spacing, and the amount of charge per delay according to the type of blasting are, respectively,
For small-scale vibration control blasting (TYPE-3, Ⅲ), it is 45mm, 2.7m, 1.1m, 1.3m, 1.18kg, and for medium-scale vibration control blasting (TYPE-4, Ⅳ), it is 64mm, 3.4m, 1.8m, 2.1kg. m, 3.75kg, 45mm, 2m, 0.7m, 0.9m, 0.28kg for precision vibration control blasting (TYPE-2, Ⅱ), 64mm, 5.7m, 2.2m for general blasting (TYPE-5, V), Vibration-controlled blasting method characterized by 2.8m and 9.5kg.
According to clause 1,
In the moisture removal step, a waterproof tube is used to prevent moisture absorption of colostrum explosives and colorants inside the blast hole, and the bottom of the waterproof tube is first heat-adhesively sealed, a second bundle is sealed, and the remaining extra tube is turned over to cover the bottom of the tube. Vibration control is characterized in that it is manufactured in two layers to primarily prevent damage to the waterproof tube, and then secondarily prevent damage to the waterproof tube due to friction with the inner wall of the blast hole when the tube is penetrated by covering the outer diameter of the waterproof tube with a damage-prevention protection cap. Blasting method.
According to clause 3,
It includes a colostrum explosive charge, a coloring guide, and a holder for rapid charging and coloring in the waterproof tube, and the charging and coloring guide are equipped with a waterproof tube to penetrate into the blast hole, so that the tube penetration, charging, and coloring processes are performed in batches. Vibration controlled blasting method.
According to clause 1,
By applying a multiple detonation system to the detonation of medium- and long-bore colostrum explosives, it prevents detonation failure caused by detonator defects and reduces the combustion length of the water explosives covered by each pre-explosive to prevent the weakening of the synchronization of the explosion of colostrum explosives, reducing the incidence of large lumps in hard rocks. A vibration-controlled blasting method characterized by reducing.
According to clause 1,
When applying the specifications set according to the above blasting type,
A vibration-controlled blasting method characterized in that the diameter of the blast hole, hole depth, minimum resistance line, ball spacing, and charge amount per delay are changed according to the increase or decrease in the separation distance from the security object within the excavation section.
According to clause 3,
Two or more colostrum explosive powders of different diameters are mixed and charged to reduce vibration and increase the blasting effect by minimizing the hollow part in the blast hole and increasing the gas pressure during blasting,
An internal sealing step of checking cracks or cavities inside the blast hole after the drilling step and sealing them with a separate member or waterproof tube to prevent over-exploitation; A vibration-controlled blasting method further comprising:
According to clause 1,
Colostrum explosives are used as the main explosive, and emulsion explosives are used as the detonator. However, it is essential to remove moisture for the colostrum explosive, so at the blasting design stage, precipitation information, weather information, temperature information, humidity information, sunlight information, and A vibration-controlled blasting method characterized by changing and selecting the specifications of colostrum explosives by simultaneously analyzing groundwater information.

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