KR20240037875A - Method and device for transmitting signals via spatial phase shift beam in a wireless communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure can provide a method for a terminal to transmit a signal in a wireless communication system. At this time, the method for the terminal to transmit a signal may include the terminal generating a transmission signal based on an RF antenna and transmitting data to the base station based on the transmission signal.

Description

Method and apparatus for transmitting signals via spatial phase shift beam in a wireless communication system

The following description is about a wireless communication system, and about a method and device for a terminal and a base station to transmit and receive signals through a spatial phase shift beam in a wireless communication system.

In particular, it is possible to provide a method and device for transmitting a signal by generating a beam (spatial phase varying beam, SPV) that allows the beamformed signal to constantly vary in phase depending on the location.

Wireless access systems are being widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice and data. In general, a wireless access system is a multiple access system that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, and single carrier frequency (SC-FDMA) systems. division multiple access) systems, etc.

In particular, as many communication devices require large communication capacity, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication technology is being proposed compared to the existing radio access technology (RAT). In addition, Massive MTC (Machine Type Communications), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide a variety of services anytime, anywhere, as well as communication systems that take reliability and latency-sensitive services/UE into consideration are being proposed. Various technological configurations are being proposed for this purpose.

The present disclosure can provide a method and device for transmitting and receiving signals through a spatial phase shift beam in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure can provide a method of generating a beam such that the phase of a beamformed signal constantly changes depending on the location in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure can provide a method for configuring and controlling radio frequency (RF) and baseband for generating an SPV beam in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure can provide a method of performing spatial multiplexing through an SPV beam in a wireless communication system.

The present disclosure may provide a method of operating an SPV beam in a wireless communication system.

The technical objectives sought to be achieved by the present disclosure are not limited to the matters mentioned above, and other technical tasks not mentioned are subject to common knowledge in the technical field to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the embodiments of the present disclosure described below. Can be considered by those who have.

As an example of the present disclosure, a method for a terminal to transmit a signal in a wireless communication system includes the steps of the terminal generating a transmission signal based on an RF (radio frequency) antenna and transmitting data to a base station based on the transmission signal. Including the step, wherein the transmission signal is generated as a signal whose phase changes in space based on the arrangement of at least one or more antennas in the RF antenna, and at least one or more antennas are composed of two antennas with a 180-degree phase difference. It is arranged based on at least one antenna pair, and the phase value of the phase shifter may be determined based on the radiation phase in which the transmission signal is radiated according to the signal analysis line for each of at least one antenna pair.

Additionally, as an example of the present disclosure, in a method of operating a base station in a wireless communication system, the base station includes generating a transmission signal based on an RF (radio frequency) antenna and transmitting data to a terminal based on the transmission signal. Including, the transmission signal is generated as a signal whose phase changes in space based on the arrangement of at least one or more antennas in the RF antenna, and at least one or more antennas consists of two antennas with a phase difference of 180 degrees. It is arranged based on the above antenna pairs, and the phase value of the phase shifter may be determined based on the radiation phase in which the transmission signal is radiated according to the signal analysis line for each of at least one or more antenna pairs.

Additionally, as an example of the present disclosure, a terminal of a wireless communication system includes a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver, and the processor generates a transmission signal based on an RF (radio frequency) antenna and transmits data based on the transmission signal. is transmitted to the base station through a transceiver, wherein the transmission signal is generated as a signal whose phase changes in space based on the arrangement of at least one or more antennas in the RF antenna, and at least one or more antennas are two signals with a 180-degree phase difference. It is arranged based on at least one antenna pair consisting of an antenna, and the phase value of the phase shifter may be determined based on the radiation phase in which the transmission signal is radiated according to the signal analysis line for each of the at least one antenna pair.

Additionally, as an example of the present disclosure, a base station of a wireless communication system includes a transceiver and a processor connected to the transceiver, and the processor generates a transmission signal based on a radio frequency (RF) antenna and transmits data based on the transmission signal. is transmitted to the terminal through a transceiver, wherein the transmission signal is generated as a signal whose phase changes in space based on the arrangement of at least one or more antennas in the RF antenna, and at least one or more antennas are two with a phase difference of 180 degrees. It is arranged based on at least one antenna pair consisting of an antenna, and the phase value of the phase shifter may be determined based on the radiation phase in which the transmission signal is radiated according to the signal analysis line for each of the at least one antenna pair.

Additionally, as an example of the present disclosure, in a device including at least one memory and at least one processor functionally connected to the at least one memory, the at least one processor is configured to enable the device to use a radio frequency (RF) antenna. A transmission signal is generated based on the transmission signal and data is controlled to be transmitted based on the transmission signal, wherein the transmission signal is generated as a signal whose phase changes in space based on the arrangement of at least one or more antennas in the RF antenna, and at least one The above antennas are arranged based on at least one antenna pair consisting of two antennas with a phase difference of 180 degrees, and based on the radiation phase in which the transmission signal is radiated according to the signal analysis line for each of at least one antenna pair. The phase value of the phase shifter may be determined.

Additionally, as an example of the present disclosure, in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction, at least one executable by a processor Includes instructions, wherein at least one instruction controls the device to generate a transmission signal based on an RF (radio frequency) antenna and transmit data based on the transmission signal, wherein the transmission signal is transmitted to at least one of the RF antennas. A signal whose phase changes in space is generated based on the arrangement of the above antennas, and at least one or more antennas are arranged based on at least one antenna pair consisting of two antennas with a 180-degree phase difference, and at least one The phase value of the phase shifter may be determined based on the radiation phase at which the transmission signal is radiated according to the signal analysis line for each of the above antenna pairs.

Additionally, the following matters can be commonly applied.

As an example of the present disclosure, a signal analysis line may be generated based on azimuth and zenith depending on the positions of the two antennas within the antenna pair.

As an example of the present disclosure, each of at least one antenna pair within the RF antenna is located at a point rotated by a preset angle with respect to the x-axis, and the value obtained by mapping the first antenna pair rotated by the first angle to the x-axis The positions of each of the first and second antenna pairs may be determined to be set equal to the value obtained by mapping the second antenna pair rotated by the second angle to the x-axis.

In addition, as an example of the present disclosure, the first phase value of the first phase shifter applied to the first antenna pair and the second phase value of the second phase shifter applied to the second antenna pair are such that the transmission signal is radiated. The radiation phase can be set to a value that maintains a constant value.

Additionally, as an example of the present disclosure, when additional antennas are disposed within the RF antenna, antennas may be added in units of antenna pairs to generate signals whose phase changes in space.

Additionally, as an example of the present disclosure, the phase value of the phase shifter set by the added antenna pair may be set to a value that maintains the phase value on the signal analysis line of the added antenna pair constant.

Additionally, as an example of the present disclosure, the total phase value change amount of the phase shifter for each of at least one antenna in the RF antenna is set to (2n+1)2 π, and n may be an integer.

Additionally, as an example of the present disclosure, the precoder phase value difference between two adjacent antennas within an RF antenna may be set to an integer multiple of the difference in values rotated with respect to the origin for each of the two antennas.

The following effects may be achieved by embodiments based on the present disclosure.

According to the present disclosure, signals can be transmitted and received through a spatial phase shift beam in a wireless communication system.

According to the present disclosure, a beamformed signal in a wireless communication system can generate a beam whose phase changes consistently depending on the location.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to configure and control radio frequency (RF) and baseband for generating an SPV beam in a wireless communication system.

According to the present disclosure, spatial multiplexing can be performed through an SPV beam in a wireless communication system.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to operate an SPV beam in a wireless communication system.

The effects that can be obtained from the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned can be found in the technical field to which the technical configuration of the present disclosure is applied from the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure below. It can be clearly derived and understood by those with ordinary knowledge. That is, unintended effects resulting from implementing the configuration described in this disclosure may also be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of this disclosure.

The drawings attached below are intended to aid understanding of the present disclosure and may provide embodiments of the present disclosure along with a detailed description. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and the features disclosed in each drawing may be combined to form a new embodiment. Reference numerals in each drawing may refer to structural elements.
1 is a diagram showing an example of a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.
Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.
Figure 3 is a diagram showing another example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.
Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a portable device applicable to the present disclosure.
Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applicable to the present disclosure.
Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of AI (Artificial Intelligence) applicable to the present disclosure.
Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.
Figure 8 is a diagram showing an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a signal based on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of an optical signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 10 is a diagram showing a method of generating an OAM signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a pair of antennas for generating a beam whose phase changes in space according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a pair of antennas for generating a beam whose phase changes in space according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the size of a beam whose phase changes depending on space according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 14 is a diagram showing a method of adding one more antenna pair to three antenna pairs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a method of generating a beam whose phase changes in space based on an antenna group according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a method of generating a beam whose phase changes in space based on an antenna group according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a method of generating a beam whose phase changes in space based on an antenna group according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a method of generating a beam whose phase changes in space based on an antenna group according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a method of generating a beam whose phase changes in space based on a plurality of antenna groups according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a method of generating a beam whose phase changes in space based on a plurality of antenna groups according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a method of generating a beam whose phase changes in space based on a plurality of antenna groups according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a method of generating a beam whose phase changes in space based on a plurality of antenna groups according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing RF and baseband structures according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 23 is a diagram showing RF and baseband structures according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a method of transmitting a signal through a beam whose phase changes in space according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 25 is a diagram showing a method for a terminal to transmit a signal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 26 is a diagram showing a method for a base station to transmit a signal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The following embodiments combine the elements and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature may be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form that is not combined with other components or features. Additionally, some components and/or features may be combined to configure an embodiment of the present disclosure. The order of operations described in embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some features or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding features or features of another embodiment.

In the description of the drawings, procedures or steps that may obscure the gist of the present disclosure are not described, and procedures or steps that can be understood by a person skilled in the art are not described.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to “comprise or include” a certain element, this means that it does not exclude other elements but may further include other elements, unless specifically stated to the contrary. do. In addition, terms such as "... unit", "... unit", and "module" used in the specification refer to a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which refers to hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. It can be implemented as: Additionally, the terms “a or an,” “one,” “the,” and similar related terms may be used differently herein in the context of describing the present disclosure (particularly in the context of the claims below). It may be used in both singular and plural terms, unless indicated otherwise or clearly contradicted by context.

In this specification, embodiments of the present disclosure have been described focusing on the data transmission and reception relationship between the base station and the mobile station. Here, the base station is meant as a terminal node of the network that directly communicates with the mobile station. Certain operations described in this document as being performed by the base station may, in some cases, be performed by an upper node of the base station.

That is, in a network comprised of a plurality of network nodes including a base station, various operations performed for communication with a mobile station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. At this time, 'base station' is a term such as fixed station, Node B, eNB (eNode B), gNB (gNode B), ng-eNB, advanced base station (ABS), or access point. It can be replaced by .

Additionally, in embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), It can be replaced with terms such as mobile terminal or advanced mobile station (AMS).

Additionally, the transmitting end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node that provides a data service or a voice service, and the receiving end refers to a fixed and/or mobile node that receives a data service or a voice service. Therefore, in the case of uplink, the mobile station can be the transmitting end and the base station can be the receiving end. Likewise, in the case of downlink, the mobile station can be the receiving end and the base station can be the transmitting end.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include wireless access systems such as the IEEE 802.xx system, 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) system, 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) system, 3GPP 5G (5th generation) NR (New Radio) system, and 3GPP2 system. It may be supported by at least one standard document disclosed in one, and in particular, embodiments of the present disclosure are supported by the 3GPP TS (technical specification) 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS 38.331 documents. It can be.

Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to other wireless access systems and are not limited to the above-described systems. As an example, it may be applicable to systems applied after the 3GPP 5G NR system and is not limited to a specific system.

That is, obvious steps or parts that are not described among the embodiments of the present disclosure can be explained with reference to the documents. Additionally, all terms disclosed in this document can be explained by the standard document.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. The detailed description to be disclosed below along with the accompanying drawings is intended to describe exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the technical features of the present disclosure may be practiced.

In addition, specific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to aid understanding of the present disclosure, and the use of such specific terms may be changed to other forms without departing from the technical spirit of the present disclosure.

The following technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA). It can be applied to various wireless access systems.

In the following, for clarity of explanation, the description is based on the 3GPP communication system (e.g., LTE, NR, etc.), but the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto. LTE is 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 8 and later. In detail, LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 10 may be referred to as LTE-A, and LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx Release 13 may be referred to as LTE-A pro. 3GPP NR may refer to technology after TS 38.xxx Release 15. 3GPP 6G may refer to technology after TS Release 17 and/or Release 18. “xxx” refers to the standard document detail number. LTE/NR/6G can be collectively referred to as a 3GPP system.

Regarding background technology, terms, abbreviations, etc. used in the present disclosure, reference may be made to matters described in standard documents published prior to the present invention. As an example, you can refer to the 36.xxx and 38.xxx standard documents.

Communication systems applicable to this disclosure

Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed in this document can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication/connection (e.g., 5G) between devices. there is.

Hereinafter, a more detailed example will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings/descriptions, identical reference numerals may illustrate identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise noted.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 1, the communication system 100 applied to the present disclosure includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR, LTE) and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device. Although not limited thereto, wireless devices include robots (100a), vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices (100c), hand-held devices (100d), and home appliances (100d). appliance) (100e), IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and AI (artificial intelligence) device/server (100g). For example, vehicles may include vehicles equipped with wireless communication functions, autonomous vehicles, vehicles capable of inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (eg, a drone). The XR device 100c includes augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)/mixed reality (MR) devices, including a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, It can be implemented in the form of smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. The mobile device 100d may include a smartphone, smart pad, wearable device (eg, smart watch, smart glasses), computer (eg, laptop, etc.), etc. Home appliances 100e may include a TV, refrigerator, washing machine, etc. IoT device 100f may include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, the base station 120 and the network 130 may also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 120a may operate as a base station/network node for other wireless devices.

Wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 130 through the base station 120. AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 100g through the network 130. The network 130 may be configured using a 3G network, 4G (eg, LTE) network, or 5G (eg, NR) network. Wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the base station 120/network 130, but communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station 120/network 130. You may. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may communicate directly (eg, vehicle to vehicle (V2V)/vehicle to everything (V2X) communication). Additionally, the IoT device 100f (eg, sensor) may communicate directly with other IoT devices (eg, sensor) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

Communication systems applicable to this disclosure

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2, the first wireless device 200a and the second wireless device 200b can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (eg, LTE, NR). Here, {first wireless device 200a, second wireless device 200b} refers to {wireless device 100x, base station 120} and/or {wireless device 100x, wireless device 100x) in FIG. } can be responded to.

The first wireless device 200a includes one or more processors 202a and one or more memories 204a, and may further include one or more transceivers 206a and/or one or more antennas 208a. Processor 202a controls memory 204a and/or transceiver 206a and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202a may process information in the memory 204a to generate first information/signal and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal through the transceiver 206a. Additionally, the processor 202a may receive a wireless signal including the second information/signal through the transceiver 206a and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory 204a. The memory 204a may be connected to the processor 202a and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202a. For example, memory 204a may perform some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202a or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Software code containing them can be stored. Here, the processor 202a and the memory 204a may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). Transceiver 206a may be coupled to processor 202a and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 208a. Transceiver 206a may include a transmitter and/or receiver. The transceiver 206a may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200b includes one or more processors 202b, one or more memories 204b, and may further include one or more transceivers 206b and/or one or more antennas 208b. Processor 202b controls memory 204b and/or transceiver 206b and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202b may process information in the memory 204b to generate third information/signal and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signal through the transceiver 206b. Additionally, the processor 202b may receive a wireless signal including the fourth information/signal through the transceiver 206b and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory 204b. The memory 204b may be connected to the processor 202b and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202b. For example, memory 204b may perform some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202b or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Software code containing them can be stored. Here, the processor 202b and the memory 204b may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). Transceiver 206b may be coupled to processor 202b and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 208b. The transceiver 206b may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 206b may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 200a and 200b will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 202a and 202b. For example, one or more processors 202a and 202b may operate on one or more layers (e.g., physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and radio resource (RRC). control) and functional layers such as SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) can be implemented. One or more processors 202a, 202b may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. can be created. One or more processors 202a and 202b may generate messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors 202a, 202b generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) containing PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and/or methods disclosed herein. , can be provided to one or more transceivers (206a, 206b). One or more processors 202a, 202b may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 206a, 206b, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Depending on the device, PDU, SDU, message, control information, data or information can be obtained.

One or more processors 202a, 202b may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors 202a and 202b may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) May be included in one or more processors 202a and 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 202a and 202b or stored in one or more memories 204a and 204b. It may be driven by the above processors 202a and 202b. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.

One or more memories 204a and 204b may be connected to one or more processors 202a and 202b and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and/or commands. One or more memories 204a, 204b may include read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media, and/or It may be composed of a combination of these. One or more memories 204a and 204b may be located internal to and/or external to one or more processors 202a and 202b. Additionally, one or more memories 204a and 204b may be connected to one or more processors 202a and 202b through various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. mentioned in the methods and/or operation flowcharts of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 206a, 206b may receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, etc. from one or more other devices. there is. For example, one or more transceivers 206a and 206b may be connected to one or more processors 202a and 202b and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors 202a, 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a, 206b to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors 202a and 202b may control one or more transceivers 206a and 206b to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. In addition, one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may be connected to one or more antennas (208a, 208b), and one or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may be connected to the description and functions disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (208a, 208b). , may be set to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. mentioned in procedures, proposals, methods and/or operation flow charts, etc. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (eg, antenna ports). One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) process the received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. using one or more processors (202a, 202b), and convert the received wireless signals/channels, etc. from the RF band signal. It can be converted to a baseband signal. One or more transceivers (206a, 206b) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (202a, 202b) from a baseband signal to an RF band signal. To this end, one or more transceivers 206a, 206b may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.

Wireless device structure applicable to this disclosure

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device 300 corresponds to the wireless devices 200a and 200b of FIG. 2 and includes various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. ) can be composed of. For example, the wireless device 300 may include a communication unit 310, a control unit 320, a memory unit 330, and an additional element 340. The communication unit may include communication circuitry 312 and transceiver(s) 314. For example, communication circuitry 312 may include one or more processors 202a and 202b and/or one or more memories 204a and 204b of FIG. 2 . For example, transceiver(s) 314 may include one or more transceivers 206a, 206b and/or one or more antennas 208a, 208b of FIG. 2. The control unit 320 is electrically connected to the communication unit 310, the memory unit 330, and the additional element 340 and controls overall operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 320 may control the electrical/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program/code/command/information stored in the memory unit 330. In addition, the control unit 320 transmits the information stored in the memory unit 330 to the outside (e.g., another communication device) through the communication unit 310 through a wireless/wired interface, or to the outside (e.g., to another communication device) through the communication unit 310. Information received through a wireless/wired interface from another communication device can be stored in the memory unit 330.

The additional element 340 may be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element 340 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device 300 includes robots (FIG. 1, 100a), vehicles (FIG. 1, 100b-1, 100b-2), XR devices (FIG. 1, 100c), and portable devices (FIG. 1, 100d). ), home appliances (Figure 1, 100e), IoT devices (Figure 1, 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, hologram devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate/ It can be implemented in the form of an environmental device, AI server/device (FIG. 1, 140), base station (FIG. 1, 120), network node, etc. Wireless devices can be mobile or used in fixed locations depending on the usage/service.

In FIG. 3 , various elements, components, units/parts, and/or modules within the wireless device 300 may be entirely interconnected through a wired interface, or at least some of them may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 310. For example, within the wireless device 300, the control unit 320 and the communication unit 310 are connected by wire, and the control unit 320 and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) are connected wirelessly through the communication unit 310. can be connected Additionally, each element, component, unit/part, and/or module within the wireless device 300 may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 320 may be comprised of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit 320 may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory unit 330 may be comprised of RAM, dynamic RAM (DRAM), ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof. It can be configured.

Mobile devices to which this disclosure is applicable

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a portable device to which the present disclosure is applied.

Figure 4 illustrates a portable device to which the present disclosure is applied. Portable devices may include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches, smart glasses), and portable computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). A mobile device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), mobile subscriber station (MSS), subscriber station (SS), advanced mobile station (AMS), or wireless terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 4, the portable device 400 includes an antenna unit 408, a communication unit 410, a control unit 420, a memory unit 430, a power supply unit 440a, an interface unit 440b, and an input/output unit 440c. ) may include. The antenna unit 408 may be configured as part of the communication unit 410. Blocks 410 to 430/440a to 440c correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 in FIG. 3, respectively.

The communication unit 410 can transmit and receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit 420 can control the components of the portable device 400 to perform various operations. The control unit 420 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 430 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the portable device 400. Additionally, the memory unit 430 can store input/output data/information, etc. The power supply unit 440a supplies power to the portable device 400 and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit 440b may support connection between the mobile device 400 and other external devices. The interface unit 440b may include various ports (eg, audio input/output ports, video input/output ports) for connection to external devices. The input/output unit 440c may input or output image information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input from the user. The input/output unit 440c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 440d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in the case of data communication, the input/output unit 440c acquires information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the obtained information/signals are stored in the memory unit 430. It can be saved. The communication unit 410 can convert the information/signal stored in the memory into a wireless signal and transmit the converted wireless signal directly to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit 410 may receive a wireless signal from another wireless device or a base station and then restore the received wireless signal to the original information/signal. The restored information/signal may be stored in the memory unit 430 and then output in various forms (eg, text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input/output unit 440c.

Types of wireless devices to which this disclosure is applicable

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle or autonomous vehicle applied to the present disclosure.

5 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present disclosure is applied. A vehicle or autonomous vehicle can be implemented as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc., and is not limited to the form of a vehicle.

Referring to FIG. 5, the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 includes an antenna unit 508, a communication unit 510, a control unit 520, a drive unit 540a, a power supply unit 540b, a sensor unit 540c, and an autonomous driving unit. It may include a portion 540d. The antenna unit 550 may be configured as part of the communication unit 510. Blocks 510/530/540a to 540d correspond to blocks 410/430/440 in FIG. 4, respectively.

The communication unit 510 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit 520 may control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 500 to perform various operations. The control unit 520 may include an electronic control unit (ECU).

Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of an AI device applied to the present disclosure. As an example, AI devices include fixed devices such as TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, laptops, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, vehicles, etc. It can be implemented as a device or a movable device.

Referring to FIG. 6, the AI device 600 includes a communication unit 610, a control unit 620, a memory unit 630, an input/output unit (640a/640b), a learning processor unit 640c, and a sensor unit 640d. may include. Blocks 910 to 930/940a to 940d may correspond to blocks 310 to 330/340 of FIG. 3, respectively.

The communication unit 610 uses wired and wireless communication technology to communicate with wired and wireless signals (e.g., sensor information, user Input, learning model, control signal, etc.) can be transmitted and received. To this end, the communication unit 610 may transmit information in the memory unit 630 to an external device or transmit a signal received from an external device to the memory unit 630.

The control unit 620 may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device 600 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. And, the control unit 620 can control the components of the AI device 600 to perform the determined operation. For example, the control unit 620 may request, search, receive, or utilize data from the learning processor unit 640c or the memory unit 630, and may select at least one operation that is predicted or determined to be desirable among the executable operations. Components of the AI device 600 can be controlled to execute operations. In addition, the control unit 920 collects history information including the operation content of the AI device 600 or user feedback on the operation, and stores it in the memory unit 630 or the learning processor unit 640c, or the AI server ( It can be transmitted to an external device such as Figure 1, 140). The collected historical information can be used to update the learning model.

The memory unit 630 can store data supporting various functions of the AI device 600. For example, the memory unit 630 may store data obtained from the input unit 640a, data obtained from the communication unit 610, output data from the learning processor unit 640c, and data obtained from the sensing unit 640. Additionally, the memory unit 930 may store control information and/or software codes necessary for operation/execution of the control unit 620.

The input unit 640a can obtain various types of data from outside the AI device 600. For example, the input unit 620 may obtain training data for model training and input data to which the learning model will be applied. The input unit 640a may include a camera, microphone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit 640b may generate output related to vision, hearing, or tactile sensation. The output unit 640b may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit 640 may obtain at least one of internal information of the AI device 600, surrounding environment information of the AI device 600, and user information using various sensors. The sensing unit 640 may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar. there is.

The learning processor unit 640c can train a model composed of an artificial neural network using training data. The learning processor unit 640c may perform AI processing together with the learning processor unit of the AI server (FIG. 1, 140). The learning processor unit 640c may process information received from an external device through the communication unit 610 and/or information stored in the memory unit 630. Additionally, the output value of the learning processor unit 940c may be transmitted to an external device through the communication unit 610 and/or stored in the memory unit 630.

6G communication system

6G (wireless communications) systems require (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) battery- The goal is to reduce the energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be four aspects such as “intelligent connectivity”, “deep connectivity”, “holographic connectivity”, and “ubiquitous connectivity”, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. In other words, Table 1 is a table showing the requirements of the 6G system.

At this time, the 6G system includes enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (mMTC), AI integrated communication, and tactile communication. tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and improved data security. It can have key factors such as enhanced data security.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system applicable to the present disclosure.

Referring to Figure 7, the 6G system is expected to have simultaneous wireless communication connectivity 50 times higher than that of the 5G wireless communication system. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, is expected to become an even more mainstream technology in 6G communications by providing end-to-end delays of less than 1ms. At this time, the 6G system will have much better volume spectrum efficiency, unlike the frequently used area spectrum efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technologies for energy harvesting, so mobile devices in 6G systems may not need to be separately charged.

Core implementation technology of 6G system

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The most important and newly introduced technology in the 6G system is AI. AI was not involved in the 4G system. 5G systems will support partial or very limited AI. However, 6G systems will be AI-enabled for full automation. Advances in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communications in 6G. Introducing AI in communications can simplify and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks are performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays.

Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human and human-to-machine communications. Additionally, AI can enable rapid communication in BCI (brain computer interface). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

Recently, attempts have been made to integrate AI with wireless communication systems, but these are focused on the application layer and network layer, and in particular, deep learning is focused on wireless resource management and allocation. come. However, this research is gradually advancing to the MAC layer and physical layer, and attempts are being made to combine deep learning with wireless transmission, especially in the physical layer. AI-based physical layer transmission means applying signal processing and communication mechanisms based on AI drivers, rather than traditional communication frameworks, in terms of fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. For example, deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based MIMO (multiple input multiple output) mechanism, It may include AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and can be used for power allocation, interference cancellation, etc. in the physical layer of the DL (downlink). Machine learning can also be used for antenna selection, power control, and symbol detection in MIMO systems.

However, application of DNN for transmission in the physical layer may have the following problems.

Deep learning-based AI algorithms require a large amount of training data to optimize training parameters. However, due to limitations in acquiring data from a specific channel environment as training data, a lot of training data is used offline. This means that static training on training data in a specific channel environment may result in a contradiction between the dynamic characteristics and diversity of the wireless channel.

Additionally, current deep learning mainly targets real signals. However, signals of the physical layer of wireless communication are complex signals. In order to match the characteristics of wireless communication signals, more research is needed on neural networks that detect complex domain signals.

Below, we will look at machine learning in more detail.

Machine learning refers to a series of operations that train machines to create machines that can perform tasks that are difficult or difficult for humans to perform. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be broadly divided into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

Neural network learning is intended to minimize errors in output. Neural network learning repeatedly inputs learning data into the neural network, calculates the output of the neural network and the error of the target for the learning data, and backpropagates the error of the neural network from the output layer of the neural network to the input layer to reduce the error. ) is the process of updating the weight of each node in the neural network.

Supervised learning uses training data in which the correct answer is labeled, while unsupervised learning may not have the correct answer labeled in the training data. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning on data classification, the learning data may be data in which each training data is labeled with a category. Labeled learning data is input to a neural network, and error can be calculated by comparing the output (category) of the neural network with the label of the learning data. The calculated error is backpropagated in the reverse direction (i.e., from the output layer to the input layer) in the neural network, and the connection weight of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated according to backpropagation. The amount of change in the connection weight of each updated node may be determined according to the learning rate. The neural network's calculation of input data and backpropagation of errors can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate may be applied differently depending on the number of repetitions of the learning cycle of the neural network. For example, in the early stages of neural network training, a high learning rate can be used to ensure that the neural network quickly achieves a certain level of performance to increase efficiency, and in the later stages of training, a low learning rate can be used to increase accuracy.

Learning methods may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, in a communication system, when the goal is to accurately predict data transmitted from a transmitter at a receiver, it is preferable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

The learning model corresponds to the human brain, and can be considered the most basic linear model. However, deep learning is a machine learning paradigm that uses a highly complex neural network structure, such as artificial neural networks, as a learning model. ).

Neural network cores used as learning methods are broadly divided into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), and recurrent neural networks (recurrent boltzmann machine). And this learning model can be applied.

Terahertz (THz) communications

THz communication can be applied in the 6G system. As an example, the data transfer rate can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be accomplished by using sub-THz communications with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology.

Figure 8 is a diagram showing an electromagnetic spectrum applicable to the present disclosure. As an example, referring to Figure 8, THz waves, also known as submillimeter radiation, typically represent a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with a corresponding wavelength in the range of 0.03 mm-3 mm. The 100GHz-300GHz band range (Sub THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, 300GHz-3THz is in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. The 300GHz-3THz band is part of the wideband, but it is at the border of the wideband and immediately behind the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz - 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth produced by a highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques that can overcome range limitations.

Below, we describe a beam (spatial phase varying, SPV) that allows a beamformed signal to constantly change phase depending on its location. As an example, the transmitting end may generate and transmit a beamformed signal. At this time, the phase of the beam transmitting the signal may constantly change depending on the position of the signal. In the following, a method for generating and controlling a signal whose phase changes in space as described above will be generated and controlled in RF (radio frequency) and baseband. As an example, a beam generated based on the above can be used in spatial multiplexing or beam operation.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a signal based on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of an optical signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As an example, OAM-based signals can use radio waves that move while twisting like a spiral staircase. Because of the characteristics of the orbital angular quantum number (l), which can have countless orthogonal states, OAM-based signals can have a plurality of independent eigenmodes set for each signal.

As an example, OAM-based signals can be distinguished into different signals depending on the OAM mode for radio waves of the same wavelength within the same frequency. Here, the OAM mode signal can increase the data transmission amount by the number of times the frequency is twisted. As a specific example, if the number of times the radio wave is twisted is up to 3 times, the amount of data transmission can increase by 3 times. That is, if radio waves support different twisted modes and data is transmitted for each twisted mode, the transmission amount can increase based on the twisted mode.

OAM can generate signals in this twisted mode mainly using a light source. As an example, intensity and phase can be expressed as shown in FIG. 9(a) based on the HG (Hermite-Gaussian) mode, which is an optical amplitude profile based on the Cartesian coordinate system.

As another example, the intensity and right phase may be as shown in FIG. 9(b) based on the LG (Laguerre Gaussian) mode of the optical amplitude profile based on a cylindrical coordinate system. For example, in LG mode, the phase may change while the intensity of a specific signal is the same, and through this, each mode can be distinguished. As another example, in LG mode, the intensity may be different while the phase of the characteristic signal is the same, and through this, each mode can be distinguished.

At this time, OAM-based signals can be mainly used within the Fresnel region. For example, in the Fresnel region, the strength of the signal received for data transmission and reception and the area of the receiver at the time of reception can recognize both the angular momentum of the signal, making it easy to distinguish between OAM modes. When generating an OAM signal, the existing OAM signal could be generated by placing a phase shift filter in front of the transmission signal source (e.g. laser) and shifting the phase by utilizing the time delay that occurs when passing through the filter.

As another example, the OAM signal can be generated based on RF. At this time, the filter could be used even when the OAM signal is also generated from the RF signal. As another example, considering that the restrictions due to the filter may be significant when generating the OAM signal, the OAM signal may be generated using a phase shifter, and may not be limited to a specific method.

As a specific example, FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a method of generating an OAM signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 10(a), an OAM signal can be generated through four patch antennas. At this time, when the phase is changed between 0 degrees and 180 degrees by adjusting the length of the radio wave line for each antenna as shown in Figure 10(b), the radiated signal may be as shown in Figure 10(c).

In other words, as described above, the existing OAM signal could be generated through a phase shift filter in front of the signal source using light. Here, the OAM signal can be mainly considered for use in the Fresnel region, and this may be because the characteristics of the generated signal can be maintained when the intensity above a certain level is guaranteed.

However, a method of generating an OAM signal in the RF band and generating a beam through this to perform communication may be considered, and the method for this is described below.

For example, when OAM signal generation is performed in the RF band, the main purpose may be to determine the feasibility of signal generation itself, and a filter can be used for this purpose. However, since the filter may have limitations considering the RF structure, there is a need to consider a method of generating an OAM signal by considering the phase shifter. As an example, the OAM signal may be generated using the phase shift characteristics of the unit antenna.

Here, when using the phase shift characteristics of the unit antenna, only the shape of the phase-changing feature can be observed, and a method for distinguishing signals may be needed to operate the beam and use it for communication. In consideration of the above, the following describes a method of generating an OAM signal based on the phase shift characteristics of a unit antenna and operating or utilizing a beam through this.

As an example, the need to generate an OAM signal through RF rather than a signal source utilizing light may be considered. Specifically, in a THz environment such as 6G, path loss can be large. In such an extreme path loss environment, smooth communication can be achieved by utilizing beams and maximizing beam gain. At this time, many antennas may be needed to generate a beam and maximize beam gain. Additionally, when using a beam, communication may not be performed smoothly in places where the beam width is narrow and beam alignment is not performed.

As described above, in an extreme path loss environment, a multi-path based communication environment becomes impossible and spatial multiplexing may not be performed smoothly. As another example, as the frequency band becomes higher, LOS (line of sight)-based channels may be mainly used. In other words, if signal blockage occurs due to an obstacle, communication may not be performed smoothly. Specifically, when communication is performed in a non-LOS (NLOS) environment, there may be a limit to increasing the rank for signal transmission.

Therefore, in the above-mentioned situation, an efficient beamforming method and a technique for high data transmission may be needed, and by applying the above-described optical-based OAM technique to RF, the rank in signal transmission in the high frequency band can be increased to solve the above-mentioned problem. there is. In other words, by generating a signal whose phase changes in space like OAM in the RF band, and using this, data can be transmitted by configuring efficient beamforming in the high frequency band. The specific method for this is described below.

As an example, the following describes a method of generating a signal whose phase changes in space based on an RF antenna in a very high frequency band such as THz. Additionally, a spatial multiplexing mode or beam control mode based on an RF antenna in a very high frequency band such as THz is described.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a pair of antennas for generating a beam whose phase changes in space according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 11, it is possible to identify a phenomenon when multiple antenna pairs exist by utilizing the characteristics of the antenna pairs. Through this, it is possible to consider conditions for determining antenna placement and control values for generating a beam whose phase changes depending on space.

만큼 회전된 위치에 존재할 수 있다. 여기서, 신호의 분석은 도 11에서와 같이 신호 분석선을 기준으로 수행될 수 있다. 일 예로, 입사 신호 expj(wt+

)는 신호 분석선 상의 임의의 점에서 입사될 수 있다. 이때, w는 반송파 주파수를,

는 입사되고 있는 신호의 위상 값을 의미할 수 있다. 또한, 일 예로, 입사 신호는 방사 신호와 동치관계가 있으며 하기에서는 설명의 편의를 위해 입사 신호를 기준으로 서술한다.More specifically, referring to FIG. 11, a pair of antennas (ant, ant') may be placed on the xy plane symmetrical to the origin. That is, antennas can be placed on the same plane based on antenna pairs. At this time, the antenna pair is separated from the origin by αλ and from the x-axis.

It can exist in a rotated position. Here, signal analysis can be performed based on the signal analysis line as shown in FIG. 11. As an example, the incident signal expj(wt+

) can be incident at any point on the signal analysis line. At this time, w is the carrier frequency,

may mean the phase value of the incident signal. In addition, as an example, the incident signal has an equivalent relationship with the radiation signal, and for convenience of explanation, the description below is based on the incident signal.

,

)에서 입사되는 신호를 가정하는 것으로 여기서

는 입사각에 대한 방위각(azimuth)일 수 있다. 또한,

는 입사각에 대한 제니스(zenith) 각을 의미할 수 있다. 일 예로, 도 11에서와 같이 신호 분석선 a(x 축 선상에 존재)는

=± 90도인 경우

의 변화에 따른 특성을 의미할 수 있다. 또한, 신호 분석선 b와 같이 안테나 쌍을 포함하도록 신호 분석선을 설정하는 경우

=

± 90도인 상황에서

의 변화에 따른 특성을 의미할 수 있다. 이때,

와

이 90도 차이가 발생하는 이유는

는 -y축을 기준으로 한 위상이고,

은 x축을 기준으로 한 위상으로 기준 축이 상이하므로 그 값은 고려할 수 있다.In other words, the signal analysis line can be drawn in any direction (

,

), where it is assumed that the signal is incident from

may be the azimuth with respect to the angle of incidence. also,

may mean the zenith angle with respect to the angle of incidence. For example, as shown in Figure 11, the signal analysis line a (existing on the x-axis line) is

=± 90 degrees

It can mean characteristics resulting from changes in . Additionally, when setting up a signal analysis line to include a pair of antennas, such as signal analysis line b,

=

In a situation of ±90 degrees

It can mean characteristics resulting from changes in . At this time,

and

The reason for this 90 degree difference is

is the phase based on the -y axis,

Since the reference axis is different from the phase based on the x-axis, its value can be considered.

)라 할 때, 합성된 신호는

일 수 있다. 일 예로, 위상 천이기는 해당 기능을 RF단에서 구현할 때의 소자를 말하지만 이에 한정되는 것은 아닐 수 있다. 즉, 동일한 기능을 수행하는 기저대역의 신호 처리로 구현하는 것도 가능할 수 있으며, 특정 실시예로 한정되지 않는다.At this time, the phase value of the phase shifter applied to the antenna pair is (

), the synthesized signal is

It can be. As an example, a phase shifter refers to a device that implements the corresponding function in the RF terminal, but may not be limited to this. In other words, it may be possible to implement baseband signal processing that performs the same function, and is not limited to a specific embodiment.

=

+

,

)에서 방사 위상을 Ф로 결정하기 위하여 위상 천이기의 위상 값을 Ф에서 -

만큼 천이된 값 (

= expj(Ф -

)으로 제어하는 조건일 수 있다.At this time, as an example, in order to generate a beam whose phase changes depending on space based on the above-mentioned information, the following Condition 1 and Condition 2 may be considered. As an example, condition 1 may be a condition for controlling the antenna pair so that the phase difference between the antenna pairs is 180 degrees. In addition, condition 2 is the direction at the antenna (ant) location among the signal analysis lines including the antenna pair (

=

+

,

) to determine the radiation phase to Ф, the phase value of the phase shifter is changed from Ф to -

The value transitioned as much as (

= expj(Ф -

) may be a condition controlled by.

= 0일 수 있으며,

는 하기 수학식 1과 같을 수 있다.As an example, based on Condition 1 and Condition 2 described above, the case where the antenna pair (c, c') exists on the x-axis in FIG. 12(a) can be considered. At this time,

= can be 0,

may be the same as Equation 1 below.

)는 조건 1 및 조건 2에 기초하여 (expj(Ф -

), expj(Ф +

)로 도출될 수 있다. 여기서 Ф는

가 90도인 공간상에서 방사되는 위상 값을 의미할 수 있다. 또한,

가 270도인 경우, 공간상에서 방사되는 위상 값은 Ф+π일 수 있다. 또한,

는 원점에서 안테나 쌍의 거리가 위치하는 거리가

λ임을 의미할 수 있다. 또한, A(

,

) = sqrt(G(

,

))로써 G(

,

)는 방향

,

에서의 단위 안테나의 이득을 의미할 수 있다.At this time, the phase value of the phase shifter applied to the antenna pair (

) is (expj(Ф -

), expj(Ф +

) can be derived as Here Ф is

It may mean a phase value radiating in a space where is 90 degrees. also,

When is 270 degrees, the phase value radiated in space may be Ф+π. also,

is the distance at which the antenna pair is located from the origin

It can mean λ. Also, A(

,

) = sqrt(G(

,

)) as G(

,

) is the direction

,

It can mean the gain of the unit antenna in .

>0인 곳에 존재한는 경우,

는 하기 수학식 2와 같을 수 있다.Here, as an example, as shown in Figure 12(b), the antenna pair (a, a')

If it exists where >0,

may be equal to Equation 2 below.

)는 (expj(Ф+

-

), expj(Ф +

+

)일 수 있다. Ф는 수학식 1을 생성하기 위해 사용되는

에 의한 값일 수 있다. 또한,

는 원점에서 안테나 쌍의 거리가 위치하는 거리가

λ임을 의미할 수 있다.At this time, the phase value of the phase shifter applied to the antenna pair (

) is (expj(Ф+

-

), expj(Ф +

+

) can be. Ф is used to generate equation 1

It may be a value based on . also,

is the distance at which the antenna pair is located from the origin

It can mean λ.

<0인 곳에 존재하는 경우,

는 하기 수학식 3과 같을 수 있다.As another example, as shown in Figure 12(c), the antenna pair (b, b')

If it exists where <0,

may be the same as Equation 3 below.

)는 (expj(Ф+

-

), expj(Ф+

+

)일 수 있다. 여기서, Ф는 수학식 1을 생성하기 위하여 사용되었던

에 의한 값일 수 있다. 또한,

는 원점에서 안테나 쌍의 거리가 위치하는 거리가

λ임을 의미할 수 있다.At this time, the phase value of the phase shifter applied to the antenna pair (

) is (expj(Ф+

-

), expj(Ф+

+

) can be. Here, Ф is the value used to generate equation 1.

It may be a value based on . also,

is the distance at which the antenna pair is located from the origin

It can mean λ.

According to the above, Condition 3 and Condition 4 can be considered as conditions for generating a beam whose phase changes depending on space. Condition 3 may be equal to Equation 4 below, and Condition 4 may be equal to Equation 5 below. You can.

는 하기 수학식 6과 같을 수 있다.At this time, condition 3 based on Equation 4 may be a condition for setting the positions of antenna a and antenna b to have the same value when mapped to the x-axis. Additionally, in the case of condition 4 based on Equation 5, the basic phase of the signal may be a condition to generate a constant value (Ф) between the original radio signal and the phase value in the target space. As a specific example, in FIG. 12 above, the x-axis may be Ф and the -x-axis may be -Ф. From the above-mentioned condition 3 and condition 4, the composite signal on the signal analysis line according to the above-mentioned equations 1 to 3

may be the same as Equation 6 below.

+Ф으로

는 원 신호의 위상을 의미하고, Ф는 공간상 제어되길 희망하는 위상을 의미할 수 있다.At this time, the basic phase of the signal in Equation 6 is

With +Ф

refers to the phase of the original signal, and Ф may refer to the phase desired to be spatially controlled.

의 신호의 빔 유효 범위 및 위상 특징을 유추할 수 있다. 즉, 주어진 안테나 배치 조건(

,

,

,

) 및 위상 천이기(phase shifter)값 (

)에 의하여 G(

,

,

,

) + F(

,

)의 값이 양에서 음으로 천이하거나, 음에서 양의 값으로 천이하는 순간 해당

위치에서 전체 위상은 180도 반전이 이루어 질 수 있다. 일 예로, 도 13(a) 및 도 13(b)는 상술한 경우를 고려하여 전체 위상이 180도 반전하는 것을 나타낸 도면이다.In addition, the signal synthesized from Equation 7 and Equation 8 below

The beam effective range and phase characteristics of the signal can be inferred. That is, given antenna placement conditions (

,

,

,

) and phase shifter value (

) by G(

,

,

,

) + F(

,

) the moment the value transitions from positive to negative, or from negative to positive.

The overall phase in position can be reversed by 180 degrees. As an example, Figures 13(a) and 13(b) are diagrams showing that the entire phase is reversed by 180 degrees considering the above-described case.

,

,

,

) + F(

,

)에 의한 크기 성분을 도식화 한 것일 수 있다. 일 예로, 도 13에서 0 내지

인 구간에서 신호의 위상은

+ Ф 로 유지될 수 있다. 이때, 위상은

인 순간에 180도 반전될 수 있다. 즉, 단위 안테나 빔 이득과 함께 관측되는

관점에서 본다면 신호의 주요 전송 파워는 0~

, 구간일 수 있다. 따라서, 신호가 주요 방사되는 위치에서는 그 신호의 위상이

+ Ф로 유지될 수 있다.More specifically, Figures 13(a) and 13(b) show G(

,

,

,

) + F(

,

) may be a diagrammatic representation of the size components. As an example, in FIG. 13 0 to

The phase of the signal in the section is

+ Ф can be maintained. At this time, the phase is

It can be reversed 180 degrees in an instant. That is, observed with unit antenna beam gain

To put it in perspective, the main transmission power of a signal is 0~

, may be a section. Therefore, at the location where the signal is mainly radiated, the phase of the signal is

+ Ф can be maintained.

Figure 14 is a diagram showing a method of adding one more antenna pair to three antenna pairs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

,

)을 기준으로 설정할 수 있다. 여기서, 신호 분석선을 (

,

)으로 설정할 경우에도 이를 기준으로 좌우의 형상이 상기 조건들을 만족하도록 구성하는 경우, 공간에서 위상이 변화하는 빔을 생성 할 수 있다. 보다 상세하게는, 도 14에서 신호 분석선이

,

로 되는 경우, 안테나쌍(b, b')과 (a', a)이 위의 조건을 만족하는 경우일 수 있다. 즉, 추가되는 안테나들을 안테나 그룹이라 할 때 안테나 그룹을 생성하기 위한 조건들은 하기 조건 5 내지 조건 8과 같을 수 있다. 일 예로, 조건 5는 안테나 그룹은 안테나 쌍 단위로 추가되는 조건일 수 있다. 또한, 조건 6은 계속된 안테나 쌍 추가에 의하여 설정되는 위상 천이기(phase shifter)의 위상 값에 대하여 신호 분석선 상의 위상 값이 일정하게 되도록 유지하는 조건일 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 14, as described above, this may be a method of adding an antenna pair after the antenna pair is set. As an example, in FIG. 14, a case where three antenna pairs exist and an antenna pair (d, d') is added can be considered. At this time, as an example, in order to maintain the above characteristics for the added antenna, the signal baseline is (

,

) can be set as a standard. Here, the signal analysis line (

,

Even when set to ), if the left and right shapes are configured to satisfy the above conditions based on this, a beam whose phase changes in space can be generated. More specifically, the signal analysis line in Figure 14 is

,

In this case, it may be the case that the antenna pair (b, b') and (a', a) satisfy the above conditions. That is, when the added antennas are referred to as an antenna group, the conditions for creating an antenna group may be the same as Conditions 5 to 8 below. As an example, condition 5 may be a condition in which antenna groups are added in units of antenna pairs. Additionally, condition 6 may be a condition for maintaining the phase value on the signal analysis line to be constant with respect to the phase value of the phase shifter set by continued addition of antenna pairs.

= 45도,

=-45도,

= -90도로 설정될 수 있다. 이때, 추가된 안테나쌍(d, d')에 의한 (

,

)를 (Ф+2

, Ф +2

+ π)로 설정함으로써 (b,b’)신호 분석선 상에서의 위상이 ((Ф+

, Ф +

+ π)))이 되도록 유지 될 수 있다. 또한, (c, c') 신호 분석선 상에서의 위상이 ((Ф , Ф +π)))이 되도록 유지될 수 있다.For example, in Figure 14, four antenna pairs are arranged at 45 degree intervals,

= 45 degrees,

=-45 degrees,

= Can be set to -90 degrees. At this time, by the added antenna pair (d, d') (

,

) to (Ф+2

, Ф +2

+ π), the phase on the (b,b') signal analysis line is ((Ф+

, Ф +

+ π))) can be maintained to be. Additionally, the phase on the (c, c') signal analysis line can be maintained to be ((Ф, Ф +π))).

In addition, as an example, condition 7 is that after additional antenna placement, the total phase value change of each phase shifter while traveling around the origin for each antenna (ex: c -> c' -> c) is ( It can be set to 2n+1)2π. At this time, n may be an integer. For example, when four antenna pairs are arranged at equal intervals, the phase shifter values of a total of eight arranged antennas can be controlled by sequentially increasing them by 45 degrees. At this time, n may be 0.

-

)를 k|

-

|로 설정하는 조건일 수 있다.Additionally, as an example, Condition 8 states that the precoder phase value between two adjacent antennas (eg b and c) is the difference (Δ=

-

) to k|

-

It may be a condition to set to |.

및

는 각각 안테나 c 및 b의 xy평면에서 원점기준의 회전 값일 수 있다. 이때, 일 예로, 공간상 위상이 변화하는 빔을 생성하기 위한 상술한 조건 1 내지 조건 8 중 적어도 어느 하나 이상을 만족하는 경우를 고려 할 수 있다.where k is an integer,

and

may be the rotation value relative to the origin in the xy plane of antennas c and b, respectively. At this time, as an example, a case where at least one of the above-described conditions 1 to 8 for generating a beam whose spatial phase changes may be satisfied may be considered.

As a specific example, a configuration method that satisfies all of the above-described conditions 1 to 8 may be considered. As an example, n = 0 in condition 7 described above, and k = 1 in condition 8, but this may not be limited to a specific example. Here, referring to FIG. 15, a pair of antennas may be arranged on a unit circle. At this time, the phase characteristics and size characteristics of the beam generated from the antenna consisting of 16 antennas (8 antenna pairs) may be the same as Figures 16(a) and 16(b). At this time, the beam direction is (90 degrees, 0 degrees), and the beam radiated based on the beam direction may have a ring-shaped size characteristic. At this time, you can see that the phase is rotating 360 degrees based on the first ring (strongest power).

That is, based on the above, conditions 1 to 8 can be defined as shown in Table 2 below.

As another example, a case where only some of the conditions 1 to 8 described above are satisfied may be considered. As an example, n = 0 in condition 7 described above, and k = 1 in condition 8, but this may not be limited to a specific example. Here, referring to FIG. 17, an antenna may be placed on the edge of a square. At this time, the phase characteristics and size characteristics of the beam generated from the antenna consisting of 16 antennas (8 antenna pairs) may be the same as Figures 18(a) and 18(b), respectively. At this time, the beam direction is (90 degrees, 0 degrees), and the beam radiated based on the beam direction may have a ring-shaped size characteristic. At this time, you can see that the phase is rotated 360 degrees based on the first ring (strongest power). However, the signal analysis line m' in FIG. 17 described above may not satisfy condition 3 described above, and errors may occur based on this.

Additionally, as an example, one or more antenna groups may be considered in order to maximize beam gain. As described above, in the case of an antenna whose outer frame is formed as a circle to satisfy all conditions 1 to 8, the antenna group bundle can be composed of a plurality of antenna groups with different distances between antenna pairs. As an example, referring to FIG. 19, a bundle of antenna groups may be composed of two based on the distance of the antenna pair.

As another example, as described above, in the case of an antenna with a square outer frame that satisfies only some of conditions 1 to 8, the antenna group bundle may be composed of three as shown in FIG. 20, but is not limited to this. You can.

As described above, antennas composed of one or more groups can be operated as one operating unit (e.g. bundle). At this time, Conditions 9 to 15 can be considered for the groups within the antenna group bundle as follows. Here, as an example, the antenna group bundle may be configured to satisfy at least one of conditions 9 to 15 below.

As a specific example, condition 9 may be a condition in which the centers of one or more groups in an antenna group bundle match, and the above-mentioned FIGS. 19 and 20 may be a case where condition 9 is satisfied.

(=

)을 정의하고,

을 기준으로 Ф을 일치하는 조건일 수 있다. 또한, 조건 12는 묶음 내의 그룹 간 빔 이득 최대화를 위하여 조건 7의 n값을 동일하게 설정하는 조건일 수 있다. 또한, 조건 13은 안테나 그룹 묶음 내의 그룹간 빔 이득 최대화를 위하여 조건8의 k값을 동일하게 설정하는 조건일 수 있다.Additionally, condition 10 may be a condition in which each group in the antenna group bundle satisfies at least one of conditions 1 to 8. In addition, Condition 11 is a standard for phase matching between groups within a bundle of antenna groups.

(=

), define

It may be a condition that matches Ф based on . Additionally, condition 12 may be a condition for setting the n value of condition 7 to be the same in order to maximize beam gain between groups within the bundle. Additionally, condition 13 may be a condition for setting the k value of condition 8 to be the same in order to maximize the beam gain between groups within the antenna group bundle.

<

인 경우라면,

≤

를 만족하도록 하는 조건일 수 있다. 여기서,

은 안테나 그룹 묶음에 속하는 n번째 그룹의 외각틀 길이를 의미하고,

은 n번째 그룹의 안테나 쌍의 수를 의미할 수 있다. 또한, 일 예로, 조건 15는 묶음 단위로 빔 방향을 운영함에 있어서 복수 개의 그룹이 동일한 빔 방향을 지향하도록 하는 조건일 수 있다. 일 예로, 안테나 그룹 묶음에 포함되는 임의의 안테나 k에 연결되어 있는 위상 천이기(phase shifter) 값(

) 결정하는 경우, 상술한 조건 1 내지 조건 14를 만족하는 위상 값이

이면 조건 15을 만족하도록 하기 위하여 하기 수학식 9를 고려할 수 있다.In addition, as an example, condition 14 is that there is more than one antenna group in the antenna group bundle and

<

If ,

≤

It may be a condition to satisfy. here,

means the length of the outer frame of the nth group belonging to the antenna group bundle,

may mean the number of antenna pairs in the nth group. Additionally, as an example, condition 15 may be a condition that allows a plurality of groups to aim in the same beam direction when operating the beam direction on a bundle basis. As an example, the phase shifter value connected to any antenna k included in the antenna group bundle (

) When determining, the phase value that satisfies the above-mentioned conditions 1 to 14 is

In order to satisfy condition 15, Equation 9 below can be considered.

는 빔 방향 전환을 위한 위상 값일 수 있다. 일 예로,

는 스티어링 벡터(steering vector)를 기반으로 적용된 값일 수 있으며, 하기 수학식 10에 기초하여 결정될 수 있다.here,

May be a phase value for changing the beam direction. As an example,

May be a value applied based on a steering vector and may be determined based on Equation 10 below.

및

는 각각 지향하고자 하는 빔의 방위각(azimuth) 및 고도각(elevation)을 의미할 수 있다. 또한,

,

및

는 안테나 k가 위치하는 공간좌표의 (x, y, z) 위치를 의미할 수 있다.here

and

may mean the azimuth and elevation of the beam to be directed, respectively. also,

,

and

may mean the (x, y, z) position of the spatial coordinates where antenna k is located.

Based on the above, the above-mentioned conditions 9 to 15 can be compared to Table 3 below.

(=

)를 일치시키는 조건일 수 있다. 또한, 조건 17은 공간 커버리지 확보를 위하여 묶음 간 빔 방향을 서로 다르게 지향하도록 하는 조건일 수 있다.Additionally, as an example, spatial coverage can be secured by directing different beam directions using a bundle of a plurality of antenna groups, or a spatial multiplexing mode can be supported by directing the beam in the same direction. At this time, in order to efficiently operate the beam, it may be considered that at least one of conditions 16 to 23 below is satisfied. As an example, condition 16 is the standard between each antenna group bundle to secure spatial coverage.

(=

) may be a condition that matches. Additionally, condition 17 may be a condition for orienting beams in different directions between bundles to secure spatial coverage.

>

를 만족하도록 하는 조건일 수 있다. 여기서

는 m번째 묶음에 속하는 임의의 그룹에 대한 외각틀을 길이를 의미할 수 있다.Additionally, condition 18 may be a condition for matching the centers (origins) between antenna group bundles for spatial multiplexing mode. Additionally, condition 19 is when multiple bundles exist for spatial multiplexing mode.

>

It may be a condition to satisfy. here

may mean the length of the outer frame for an arbitrary group belonging to the mth bundle.

≤

를 만족하는 조건일 수 있다. 여기서

및

는 각각 외각에 존재하는 묶음의 그룹 수와 내부에 존재하는 묶음의 그룹 수를 의미할 수 있다.In addition, condition 20 is when multiple bundles exist for spatial multiplexing mode and condition 19 is satisfied,

≤

It may be a condition that satisfies. here

and

may mean the number of groups of bundles existing on the outside and the number of groups of bundles existing on the inside, respectively.

Additionally, condition 21 may be a condition in which different k values of condition 8 described above are used between antenna group bundles for spatial multiplexing mode.

에 대하여 안테나 그룹 묶음 별로 offset∈{0도,90도,180도,270도}을 고려하는 조건일 수 있다. 또한, 조건 23은 공간 다중화 모드를 위하여 안테나 그룹 묶음간 조건 7의 n값을 서로 다른 값을 사용하는 조건일 수 있다.Additionally, condition 22 is equivalent to condition 11 for spatial multiplexing mode.

For this, it may be a condition to consider offset ∈ {0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees} for each antenna group bundle. Additionally, condition 23 may be a condition in which different n values of condition 7 are used between antenna group bundles for spatial multiplexing mode.

Based on the above, Conditions 16 to 23 may be as shown in Table 4 below.

That is, based on the above-mentioned conditions, a plurality of antenna group bundles can be used to aim different beam directions to secure spatial coverage, or to aim the same direction to support a spatial multiplexing mode.

As an example, referring to FIG. 21, the antenna structure may be composed of two bundles to secure spatial coverage. At this time, in Figure 21, the centers of the antenna group bundles are schematically separated from each other, but it can be considered that the centers coincide. Here, each bundle consisting of two antenna groups can be directed to different beam directions (see condition 17) during actual operation, thereby ensuring spatial coverage.

에 대하여 안테나 그룹 묶음 1의

대비 오프셋이 90도 존재할 수 있으나, 이에 한정되는 것은 아닐 수 있다.Additionally, as an example, FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an antenna structure that configures two antenna groups to support spatial multimode. Referring to Figure 22, the number of antenna groups in the internal antenna group bundle is two (antenna group 1 and antenna group 2), and the number of antenna groups in the external antenna group bundle is one (antenna group 3). You can. At this time, the number of antenna elements for each antenna group bundle may be 16 and 20, respectively. Additionally, as an example, antenna group bundle 2

About Antenna Group Bundle 1

A contrast offset of 90 degrees may exist, but may not be limited to this.

As an example, FIG. 23 may show a method of operating a beam in an RF structure based on the above. Here, when antenna group bundle 1 and antenna group bundle 2 exist, each antenna group bundle may consist of one antenna group. Here, according to condition 18 described above, the origin between the two bundles can be configured to be the same. In this structure, when operating in spatial multiplexing mode by the MIMO mode determined by the baseband signal generator, it can be controlled by conditions 18 to 23 described above.

As another example, when operating in the space coverage securing mode, the above-described conditions 16 and 17 can be satisfied. At this time, basic intra-antenna group control can satisfy Conditions 1 to 15. For example, in the case of direct modulation in Figure 23, the ‘modulation high part’ may be omitted.

Additionally, as an example, 24 may be a modulator free RF system structure. Here, the input data may be subjected to codeword to layer mapping according to the MIMO mode and then symbol mapping. Additionally, the controller of the antenna group bundle may be configured as shown in FIG. 23. For example, when determining the phases of a plurality of antennas corresponding to each antenna group bundle, Conditions 1 to 22 described above may be applied. Additionally, the actual control value for each antenna element can be determined in the antenna element driving unit. At this time, the phase shifter in Figures 23 and 24 is logically divided to distinguish the antenna group bundle, and can be operated organically according to the antenna group bundle in beam operation and signal transmission in actual operation. and is not limited to the above-described embodiments.

That is, through the above-described information, an antenna and an operating method capable of generating an SPV beam can be provided. As an example, the above-described structure and operation method may be configured for both the base station and the terminal. Additionally, as an example, the transmission and reception technique that can be processed using the antenna of the corresponding structure may also be different from the existing method. Therefore, the terminal can provide the configuration information of the corresponding antenna to the base station as UE capability information. As another example, the base station may signal antenna configuration information to the terminal and perform communication based on this, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.

Figure 25 is a diagram showing a method for a terminal to transmit a signal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 25, the terminal may generate a transmission signal based on an RF antenna (S2510) and transmit data to the base station based on the transmission signal (S2520). At this time, as an example, as described in FIGS. 1 to 24. As described above, the transmission signal may be generated as a signal whose phase changes in space. For example, a signal whose phase changes in space can increase the transmission amount based on different modes in the same frequency band, and based on this, spatial multiplexing and beamforming techniques can be performed, as described above. At this time, at least one or more antennas in the RF antenna in the terminal may be arranged to generate a signal whose phase changes in space, which may be the same as conditions 1 to 8 described above. More specifically, at least one or more antennas may be arranged based on at least one antenna pair consisting of two antennas with a 180-degree phase difference, which is the same as condition 1 described above. Additionally, as an example, the phase value of the phase shifter may be determined based on the radiation phase at which the transmission signal is radiated according to the signal analysis line for each of at least one pair of antennas, and this may be the same as condition 2 described above.

Additionally, as an example, the signal analysis line may be generated based on the azimuth and zenith angles according to the positions of the two antennas within the antenna pair. At this time, each of at least one antenna pair within the RF antenna may be located at the x-axis or at a point rotated by a preset angle with respect to the x-axis. As a specific example, the value obtained by mapping the first antenna pair rotated by the first angle at a preset angle relative to the x-axis to the x-axis is the same as the value obtained by mapping the second antenna pair rotated by the second angle to the x-axis. The positions for each of the first and second antenna pairs may be determined to be set, and this may be the same as Condition 3 and Equation 3 described above.

In addition, as an example, the first phase value of the first phase shifter applied to the first antenna pair and the second phase value of the second phase shifter applied to the second antenna pair are such that the radiation phase through which the transmission signal is radiated is constant. It can be controlled to be set to a value that maintains the value, which can be the same as Condition 4 and Equation 4 described above.

As another example, a case where an antenna is additionally placed within the RF antenna of the terminal can be considered. At this time, since the signal transmitted by the terminal is a signal whose phase changes in space, antenna placement that takes this into account may be necessary. Considering the above, antennas may be added in units of antenna pairs, which may be the same as condition 5.

In addition, as an example, the phase value of the phase shifter set by the added antenna pair may be set to a value that maintains the phase value on the signal analysis line of the added antenna pair constant, which is condition 6 and It can be the same.

Additionally, as an example, after an antenna pair is added, the total phase value change amount of the phase shifter for each of at least one antenna in the RF antenna may be set to (2n+1)2π, which may be the same as condition 7 described above. there is. Additionally, as an example, the precoder phase value difference between two adjacent antennas within an RF antenna may be set to an integer multiple of the difference between the values rotated about the origin in the xy plane for each of the two antennas, which is as described above. It may be the same as condition 8. That is, when the antennas are placed within the RF antenna within the terminal while satisfying the above-mentioned conditions, the terminal can generate a signal whose phase changes in space, and perform spatial multiplexing and beamforming through the generated signal. , which is the same as described above.

Figure 26 is a diagram showing a method for a base station to transmit a signal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 26, the base station may generate a transmission signal based on the RF antenna (S2610) and transmit data to the terminal based on the transmission signal (S2620). At this time, as an example, as described in FIGS. 1 to 24. As described above, the transmission signal may be generated as a signal whose phase changes in space. For example, a signal whose phase changes in space can increase the transmission amount based on different modes in the same frequency band, and based on this, spatial multiplexing and beamforming techniques can be performed, as described above. At this time, at least one or more antennas in the RF antenna in the base station may be arranged to generate a signal whose phase changes in space, which may be the same as conditions 1 to 8 described above. More specifically, at least one or more antennas may be arranged based on at least one antenna pair consisting of two antennas with a phase difference of 180 degrees, which is the same as condition 1 described above. Additionally, as an example, the phase value of the phase shifter may be determined based on the radiation phase at which the transmission signal is radiated according to the signal analysis line for each of at least one antenna pair, and this may be the same as condition 2 described above.

Additionally, as an example, the signal analysis line may be generated based on the azimuth and zenith angles according to the positions of the two antennas within the antenna pair. At this time, each of at least one antenna pair within the RF antenna may be located at the x-axis or at a point rotated by a preset angle with respect to the x-axis. As a specific example, the value obtained by mapping the first antenna pair rotated by the first angle at a preset angle relative to the x-axis to the x-axis is the same as the value obtained by mapping the second antenna pair rotated by the second angle to the x-axis. The positions for each of the first and second antenna pairs may be determined to be set, and this may be the same as Condition 3 and Equation 3 described above.

In addition, as an example, the first phase value of the first phase shifter applied to the first antenna pair and the second phase value of the second phase shifter applied to the second antenna pair are such that the radiation phase through which the transmission signal is radiated is constant. It can be controlled to be set to a value that maintains the value, which can be the same as Condition 4 and Equation 4 described above.

As another example, a case where an antenna is additionally placed within the RF antenna of the base station may be considered. At this time, since the signal transmitted by the base station is a signal whose phase changes in space, antenna placement that takes this into account may be necessary. Considering the above, antennas may be added in units of antenna pairs, which may be the same as condition 5.

In addition, as an example, the phase value of the phase shifter set by the added antenna pair may be set to a value that maintains the phase value on the signal analysis line of the added antenna pair constant, which is condition 6 and It can be the same.

Additionally, as an example, after an antenna pair is added, the total phase value change amount of the phase shifter for each of at least one antenna in the RF antenna may be set to (2n+1)2π, which may be the same as condition 7 described above. there is. Additionally, as an example, the precoder phase value difference between two adjacent antennas within the RF antenna may be set to an integer multiple of the difference between the values rotated about the origin in the xy plane for each of the two antennas, which is as described above. It may be the same as condition 8. That is, when the antennas are placed within the RF antenna within the base station while satisfying the above-mentioned conditions, the base station can generate a signal whose phase changes in space, and perform spatial multiplexing and beamforming through the generated signal. , which is the same as described above.

It is clear that examples of the proposed methods described above can also be included as one of the implementation methods of the present disclosure, and thus can be regarded as a type of proposed methods. Additionally, the proposed methods described above may be implemented independently, but may also be implemented in the form of a combination (or merge) of some of the proposed methods. Information on whether the proposed methods are applicable (or information on the rules of the proposed methods) can be defined so that the base station informs the terminal through a predefined signal (e.g., a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal). there is.

The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the technical ideas and essential features described in the present disclosure. Accordingly, the above detailed description should not be construed as restrictive in all respects and should be considered illustrative. The scope of this disclosure should be determined by reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes within the equivalent scope of this disclosure are included in the scope of this disclosure. In addition, claims that do not have an explicit reference relationship in the patent claims can be combined to form an embodiment or included as a new claim through amendment after filing.

Embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various wireless access systems. Examples of various wireless access systems include the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or 3GPP2 system.

Embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied not only to the various wireless access systems, but also to all technical fields that apply the various wireless access systems. Furthermore, the proposed method can also be applied to mmWave and THz communication systems using ultra-high frequency bands.

Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various applications such as free-running vehicles and drones.

Claims (22)

In a method for a terminal to transmit a signal in a wireless communication system,
The terminal generating a transmission signal based on a radio frequency (RF) antenna; and
Including; transmitting data to a base station based on the transmission signal,
The transmission signal is generated as a signal whose phase changes in space based on the arrangement of at least one antenna within the RF antenna,
The at least one antenna is arranged based on at least one antenna pair consisting of two antennas with a phase difference of 180 degrees,
A signal transmission method for a terminal, wherein the phase value of the phase shifter is determined based on the radiation phase at which the transmission signal is radiated according to the signal analysis line for each of the at least one antenna pair. According to claim 1,
The signal analysis line is generated based on azimuth and zenith according to the positions of the two antennas within the antenna pair. According to claim 2,
Each of the at least one antenna pair within the RF antenna is located at a point rotated by a preset angle with respect to the reference axis,
The first antenna pair and the second antenna pair are set so that a value obtained by mapping the first antenna pair rotated by a first angle to the reference axis is set equal to the value obtained by mapping the second antenna pair rotated by a second angle to the reference axis. 2 A signal transmission method of a terminal in which the position for each pair of antennas is determined. According to claim 3,
A signal transmission method for a terminal, wherein the reference axis is the x-axis. According to claim 1,
The first phase value of the first phase shifter applied to the first antenna pair and the second phase value of the second phase shifter applied to the second antenna pair maintain a constant value for the radiation phase through which the transmission signal is radiated. A signal transmission method of a terminal, which is set to a value that is. According to claim 1,
When an antenna is additionally placed within the RF antenna, the antenna is added in units of antenna pairs to generate a signal whose phase changes in the space. According to claim 6,
The phase value of the phase shifter set by the added antenna pair is set to a value that maintains the phase value on the signal analysis line of the added antenna pair constant. According to claim 7,
The total phase value change amount of the phase shifter for each of the at least one antenna in the RF antenna is set to (2n+1)2 π, and n is an integer. According to claim 7,
The precoder phase value difference between two adjacent antennas within the RF antenna is set to an integer multiple of the difference in values rotated about the origin for each of the two antennas. In a method of operating a base station in a wireless communication system,
The base station generating a transmission signal based on a radio frequency (RF) antenna; and
Including; transmitting data to the terminal based on the transmission signal,
The transmission signal is generated as a signal whose phase changes in space based on the arrangement of at least one antenna within the RF antenna,
The at least one antenna is arranged based on at least one antenna pair consisting of two antennas with a phase difference of 180 degrees,
A signal transmission method of a base station, wherein the phase value of the phase shifter is determined based on the radiation phase at which the transmission signal is radiated according to the signal analysis line for each of the at least one antenna pair. According to claim 10,
The signal analysis line is generated based on azimuth and zenith according to the positions of the two antennas within the antenna pair. According to claim 11,
Each of the at least one antenna pair within the RF antenna is located at a point rotated by a preset angle with respect to the reference axis,
The first antenna pair and the second antenna pair are set so that a value obtained by mapping the first antenna pair rotated by a first angle to the reference axis is set equal to the value obtained by mapping the second antenna pair rotated by a second angle to the reference axis. 2 A method of transmitting signals from a base station, in which the position for each pair of antennas is determined. According to claim 12,
A signal transmission method of a base station, wherein the reference axis is the x-axis. According to claim 10,
The first phase value of the first phase shifter applied to the first antenna pair and the second phase value of the second phase shifter applied to the second antenna pair maintain a constant value for the radiation phase through which the transmission signal is radiated. The signal transmission method of the base station, which is set to a value that is According to claim 10,
When an antenna is additionally placed within the RF antenna, the antenna is added in units of antenna pairs to generate a signal whose phase changes in the space. According to claim 15,
A signal transmission method of a base station, wherein the phase value of the phase shifter set by the added antenna pair is set to a value that maintains the phase value on the signal analysis line of the added antenna pair constant. According to claim 16,
The total phase value change amount of the phase shifter for each of the at least one antenna in the RF antenna is set to (2n+1)2 π, and n is an integer. According to claim 16,
A signal transmission method of a base station, wherein the precoder phase value difference between two adjacent antennas within the RF antenna is set to an integer multiple of the difference in values rotated about the origin for each of the two antennas. In the terminal of a wireless communication system,
transceiver; and
Including a processor connected to the transceiver,
The processor,
Generates a transmission signal based on an RF (radio frequency) antenna,
Data is transmitted to the base station through the transceiver based on the transmission signal,
The transmission signal is generated as a signal whose phase changes in space based on the arrangement of at least one antenna within the RF antenna,
The at least one antenna is arranged based on at least one antenna pair consisting of two antennas with a phase difference of 180 degrees,
A terminal in which the phase value of the phase shifter is determined based on the radiation phase at which the transmission signal is radiated according to the signal analysis line for each of the at least one antenna pair. In the base station of a wireless communication system,
transceiver; and
Including a processor connected to the transceiver,
The processor,
Generates a transmission signal based on an RF (radio frequency) antenna,
Data is transmitted to the terminal through the transceiver based on the transmission signal,
The transmission signal is generated as a signal whose phase changes in space based on the arrangement of at least one antenna within the RF antenna,
The at least one antenna is arranged based on at least one antenna pair consisting of two antennas with a phase difference of 180 degrees,
A base station wherein the phase value of the phase shifter is determined based on the radiation phase at which the transmission signal is radiated according to the signal analysis line for each of the at least one antenna pair. A device comprising at least one memory and at least one processor functionally connected to the at least one memory,
The at least one processor is configured to:
Generates a transmission signal based on an RF (radio frequency) antenna and controls data to be transmitted based on the transmission signal,
The transmission signal is generated as a signal whose phase changes in space based on the arrangement of at least one antenna within the RF antenna,
The at least one antenna is arranged based on at least one antenna pair consisting of two antennas with a phase difference of 180 degrees,
An apparatus in which the phase value of the phase shifter is determined based on the radiation phase at which the transmission signal is radiated according to the signal analysis line for each of the at least one antenna pair. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing at least one instruction, comprising:
Contains the at least one instruction executable by a processor,
The at least one command is:
The device is controlled to generate a transmission signal based on a radio frequency (RF) antenna and transmit data based on the transmission signal,
The transmission signal is generated as a signal whose phase changes in space based on the arrangement of at least one antenna within the RF antenna,
The at least one antenna is arranged based on at least one antenna pair consisting of two antennas with a phase difference of 180 degrees,
A computer-readable medium in which a phase value of a phase shifter is determined based on a radiation phase at which the transmission signal is radiated according to a signal analysis line for each of the at least one antenna pair.

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