KR20240018756A - Petrochemical reactor structure safety measurement device and measurement method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

When designing most petrochemical reactors, the wind speed and vibration width that they can withstand are set. The amplitude of vibration changes over time, and installing a sensor at the top of a petrochemical reactor to measure this is not only dangerous but also difficult. In order to solve this problem, the invention of this application is a 3-axis acceleration sensor; And the 3-axis acceleration sensor is attached to the side of the petrochemical vertical reactor, sets a coordinate system with the Earth's center direction as +Z axis, and the horizontal plane as the X-axis and Y-axis, and the X measured from the 3-axis acceleration sensor Acceleration in the axial and Y-axis directions is transmitted to a data collection computer through wireless communication, and the data collection computer determines the height, lower diameter, and upper diameter of the petrochemical vertical reactor, the installation location of the 3-axis acceleration sensor, and the measured X-axis. A petrochemical reactor structure safety measuring device is provided, characterized in that the vibration amplitude at the top of the petrochemical vertical reactor is calculated and output by substituting the acceleration in the Y-axis direction and the acceleration in the Y-axis direction into the equation below.
The configuration of the invention as described above has the effect of measuring the vibration safety of a vertical structure without installing a sensor at the top.

Description

Petrochemical reactor structure safety measurement device and measurement method using the same{.}

The present application relates to a structural safety measuring device. More specifically, it relates to a technology for predicting the movement of the upper part of a structure by measuring the movement of the structure at the lower part of the structure.

Technology related to a smart safety management sensor that measures safety-related data of a structure is disclosed as prior art prior to the application of the present invention. This technology includes a detection module installed in the structure to detect the state of the structure at preset intervals; a control module that is linked to the detection module and calculates a result value based on data received from the detection module; And an output module that is linked with the control module and receives the result value calculated by the control module and provides information to the manager. The detection module includes a tilt detection that measures the vertical and horizontal displacement and inclination of the structure. A technology is disclosed that includes an acceleration detection unit that measures the vibration of parts, structures, and the surroundings of the structure, an altitude detection unit that measures the altitude of the structure, and a gyro detection unit that corrects the direction and position installed in the structure.

As another prior art, a safety monitoring system and safety diagnosis method of a structure using Mems sensors are disclosed. This technology includes the steps of installing at least one sensor including an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor, a compass sensor, and an altimeter sensor in a structure, and when the structure consists of multiple floors, installing at least one sensor on each floor; and removing noise from the analog signals detected by each sensor of the detector and transmitted at preset intervals using a noise removal filter, and then converting them into respective digital signals using an ADC. And using each of the digital signals to reflect compensation for temperature changes to derive the angular displacement of the structure, convert the acceleration signal into vibration speed or vibration displacement, and obtain the altitude value of the location where the sensor is installed from the digital signal. step; and comparing the angular displacement with the angular displacement derived in the previous cycle to determine whether the structure is tilted. and

This technology includes the step of comparing the altitude value with the initial altitude value of the structure to determine uniform settlement, which is a settlement in which no change in slope occurs.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2021-0114855 Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1939727

The present application relates to a method for measuring the safety of vertically installed structures such as petrochemical reactors. When designing most petrochemical reactors, the wind speed and vibration width that they can withstand are set. The amplitude of vibration changes over time, and installing a sensor at the top of a petrochemical reactor to measure this is not only dangerous but also difficult. In order to solve this problem, the present invention seeks to provide a device that predicts the vibration amplitude at the highest height by installing a sensor on one side of a vertical structure.

In order to solve the above problems, the following problem solving means are provided.

3-axis acceleration sensor; and

The three-axis acceleration sensor is attached to the side of the petrochemical vertical reactor, and sets a coordinate system with the Earth's center direction as the +Z axis and the horizontal plane as the X and Y axes,

The acceleration in the X-axis direction (ax) and the acceleration in the Y-axis direction (ay) measured from the 3-axis acceleration sensor are transmitted to the data collection computer through wireless communication,

The data collection computer substitutes the height, lower diameter, and upper diameter of the petrochemical vertical reactor, the installation location of the 3-axis acceleration sensor, and the measured acceleration in the Provides a petrochemical reactor structure safety measurement device characterized by calculating and outputting the vibration amplitude at the top of.

Equation (10)

here, is the height of the measuring position, is the displacement at the measured height. L is the height of the structure, Z is the height variable, Si is the bending variable (vibration displacement of the structure at Z height, 0 < Z <= L), 0< <=L, is a plane coordinate, which is the

(X-axis displacement), It can be calculated as (Y-axis displacement), and since the structure will vibrate, the integral constant by integration knows that the displacement at the center of vibration is 0, so the amplitude can be obtained using this.

Recall the installation height of the 3-axis acceleration sensor , calculate Smx and Smy using the acceleration of the An estimate of the vibration displacement can be calculated. At this time, by substituting Z=L, the vibration displacement of the structure at the highest height of the structure can be estimated.

In addition, the 3-axis acceleration sensor is connected to a control unit equipped with a wireless communication function and transmits measurement data to the data collection computer, and is equipped with a rechargeable battery. When charging, the battery is further equipped with a wind power generation unit to detect when there is a lot of wind. A petrochemical reactor structure safety measuring device is provided, which is equipped to automatically operate and transmit data.

In addition, the display unit of the data collection computer displays the petrochemical vertical reactor in a reduced scale on a three-dimensional coordinate axis, and displays green if the calculated amplitude is in a safe range and red if it is in a dangerous range. Provides a reactor structure safety measurement device.

In addition, the three-axis acceleration sensor, control unit, and wind power generation unit are provided inside a square box, and a hole is formed on a side of the square box to allow wind to enter, thereby driving the wind power generation unit. Safety of the petrochemical reactor structure. Provides measuring equipment.

In addition, the rectangular box part provides a safety measuring device for a petrochemical reactor structure, characterized in that it is provided with wheels so that it can climb up the wall.

The configuration of the invention as described above has the effect of measuring the vibration safety of a vertical structure without installing a sensor at the top. In addition, there is an effect that the measurement sensor can be installed at a desired height by using an additional driving unit.

Figure 1 shows the basic formula for measuring the vibration of the upper part using the acceleration sensor of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows the height of the petrochemical reactor structure, the installation location of the sensor, and the configuration of the data collection device as an example of the present invention.
Figure 3 (A) is a coordinate system for analysis of the petrochemical reactor structure, and (B) is a screen that displays acceleration sensor values and safety analysis results in color in three-dimensional space.
Figure 4 is a free body diagram of a petrochemical reactor structure generated by wind.
Figure 5 shows the acceleration measurement results of the petrochemical reactor structure judged to be sound as a result of the safety test ((A) X-axis, (B) Y-axis, acceleration vector (XY plane))
Figure 6 shows acceleration measurement results of a petrochemical reactor structure determined to be defective as a result of safety inspection ((A) X-axis, (B) Y-axis, acceleration vector (XY plane))
Figure 7 shows a case where two acceleration sensors are installed at different heights to inspect the safety of the petrochemical reactor structure.

The effects of the invention of this application are explained using the drawings as follows.

A reactor in a petrochemical plant is a structure used for chemical reactions of various raw materials. In particular, it is a key device in the oil refining industry, which produces fuel needed for transportation and heating, and in the field of producing various raw materials such as food and beverage, and pharmaceuticals/bio. Reactors are generally classified into batch type and continuous type depending on the operation method, and are divided into tubular type and column type depending on the shape of the structure. In the case of a tower-type reactor, it is constructed vertically on the ground in the form of a cylinder, so the foundation is environmentally exposed to high external forces. In particular, chemical plants are built near ports to minimize the movement of raw materials, so the influence of sea breezes is significant. Because of this, periodic

Damage to the foundation due to shaking requires periodic reinforcement, and if the damage occurs significantly, facility operation is halted, resulting in time and cost damage [2]. Evaluation of this

For this reason, technology is required to monitor the deformation of structures in real time, and quantitative evaluation indicators are required. Common techniques applied to evaluate the health of structures include commercial sensors such as strain gauges and thermocouples, and health monitoring techniques using optical fibers and piezoelectric sensors. Strain sensors are applied to the foundation where high stress occurs, and temperature sensors are applied to parts exposed to high temperature reaction heat to monitor thermal deformation. The monitoring technique based on the above sensors is for local material deformation, and monitoring technology for structural behavior is needed to intuitively evaluate the overall movement of the structure.

In the case of continuum structures, such as ultra-long bridges and high-rise buildings, they have a high aspect ratio, so even if they are made of materials with high rigidity, significant deformation can occur. In particular, if an accident occurs in a chemical plant structure, it may lead to a leak of chemical substances, so there is a high possibility that damage recovery will be prolonged. To prevent this, the vibration characteristics of the structure are reflected during design and construction is conducted, and deformation monitoring due to external environmental factors is required.

In the present invention, a technology for monitoring continuum structures vulnerable to vibration was developed by using an acceleration sensor to measure instantaneous movement.

In general, vibration is expressed as equation (1) with respect to time, and acceleration is expressed as equation (2) through differentiation with respect to time.

仰 ......Equation (1)

......Equation (2)

here, is the angular frequency, is the phase difference, t is the time, Z is the displacement, and A is the maximum displacement. Using this, the acceleration signal is analyzed to obtain information to convert it into a displacement value. Here, if the bending angle is very small, it can be assumed to be a linear deflection as shown in Figure 1. In this case, it can be expressed as equation (3).

......Equation (3)

E is the elastic modulus, I is the moment of inertia, M is the moment, P is the load, L is the structure height, Si is the bending variable, and Z is the height variable.

In addition, assuming the state after deformation of the entire structure at the same bending angle and height, the displacement of the uppermost part is If set to the height variable can be replaced with a bending variable. This can be summarized as equation (4).

......Equation (4)

also, If assumed, it becomes equation (5), and if expressed as a general solution, it becomes equation (6).

......Equation (5)

(Equation 6)

If the structure is assumed to be a rigid body and the foundation is a fixed support, deformation

and no change in slope

Therefore, it is the same as equation (7). And the transformation at the top

Considering, it is expressed as equation (8).

Equation (7)

Equation (8)

If the above equations are summarized, they are expressed in the form of equation (9). If the vibration displacement at a location with a known height is known without the mechanical properties of the structure, the top displacement of all structures can be estimated.

Equation (9)

Finally, in order to monitor the displacement of the top of the structure, it is ideal to apply a sensor at the top. However, considering the situation of measuring at the mid-height of the structure according to the actual application environment, equation (10) was applied to measure the top deformation at an arbitrary height.

Equation (10)

here, is the height of the measuring position, is the displacement at the measured height. L is the height of the structure, Z is the height variable, Si is the bending variable (vibration displacement at Z height, 0< Z <= L). In the present invention, as described above, the deformation of the continuum structure is monitored and the topmost displacement is estimated. did.

To measure vibration, an acceleration sensor (352C33, PCB Piezotronics Inc.) was applied to the structure as shown in Figure 2, and the acceleration signal was measured at a sampling rate of 10 Hz using DAQ (NI 9230, National Instrument Co.). Then, the displacement was derived by integrating the acceleration signal with respect to time.

Two acceleration sensors were applied and mapped to the Cartesian coordinate system as shown in Figure 3 (A) to estimate the shape of the structure in two dimensions (x, y).

For signal processing, a real-time monitoring program with a displacement estimation algorithm was developed using LabVIEW, as shown in Figure 3 (B), and applied to the experiment. The target structure for real-time deformation monitoring is the DMT (Demethyl Terephthalate) reactor, a tower-type structure with a height of 34 m. The height at which the accelerometer was applied to the structure was 21 m, which is accessible to the inspector, and data was acquired for a total of 60 minutes. In addition, as shown in Figure 4, a test to estimate deformation due to wind was applied to a total of two structures, a healthy reactor and a reactor with a damaged foundation, to evaluate applicability. The experiment date began around 3:00 PM on May 28, 2021, when heavy rain was forecast, and strong winds occurred along with heavy rain about 20 minutes later. Acceleration signals were measured for both reactors, and strain monitoring was performed.

The acceleration signal was measured to be large in the direction of the wind blowing from the coast (XY plane direction), and the signal size was relatively low in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction).

Specifically, as described above, even in strong winds, the sound petrochemical reactor shown in Figure 5 showed low vibration, and the acceleration measurement results showed a low acceleration signal of less than 0.5 m/s2, and the petroleum reactor with a damaged foundation part showed low vibration. As can be seen in the graph of Figure 6, the reactor had large and severe vibrations, and the measured acceleration also showed a relatively large acceleration signal of 4 m/s2.

The wind was greatly influenced by the surrounding environment of the reactor located on the coast. Additionally, heavy rain was forecast for the weather on the day of measurement, and by acquiring data for about an hour when the heavy rain began, we were able to measure signals with large vibrations. As a result of predicting the movement of the top of the reactor using the acceleration sensor signal, there was a significant difference between the two reactors. The movement of the top of the healthy reactor without damage was confirmed to be less than 15 mm, as shown in Figure 5 (C), and the reactor with a damaged base showed an instantaneous displacement of up to 150 mm, as shown in Figure 6 (C). This is believed to be due to damage to the base of the continuum structure with a large aspect ratio, resulting in relatively large movement at the top.

In the present invention, a technology for monitoring the movement of the top of a columnar continuum structure with a large aspect ratio by measuring acceleration signals was developed.

Figure 7 shows a case where two acceleration sensors are installed at different heights to ensure the safety of the petrochemical reactor structure. In the invention of this application, the displacement can be measured using an acceleration sensor using Equation 10, and the displacement can be calculated at the height desired by the user from the data. Using these characteristics, the safety of each part of a columnar continuum structure with a large aspect ratio can be measured separately by measuring the heights on the sides of a columnar continuum structure with the same large aspect ratio using two sets of sensors or one sensor. Provides measurement methods.

A 3-axis acceleration sensor is installed at the first height, and the acceleration in the X-axis and Y-axis directions measured from the 3-axis acceleration sensor is transmitted to the data collection computer through wireless communication,

The data collection computer substitutes the placement, lower diameter, and upper diameter of the petrochemical vertical reactor, the installation location of the 3-axis acceleration sensor, and the measured acceleration in the X-axis and Y-axis directions into the equation below to determine the petrochemical vertical reactor. Calculating the amplitude of vibration at the top at a first height of calculating the amplitude of vibration at the peak of; And

A 3-axis acceleration sensor is installed at a second height that is different from the first height, and the acceleration in the X- and Y-axis directions measured from the 3-axis acceleration sensor is transmitted to a data collection computer through wireless communication,

The data collection computer substitutes the height, lower diameter, and upper diameter of the petrochemical vertical reactor, the installation location of the 3-axis acceleration sensor, and the measured acceleration in the X-axis and Y-axis directions into the equation below to calculate the A step of calculating the amplitude of vibration at the top at a second height; and

A partial safety measurement method of a petrochemical reactor structure, characterized in that it is determined that there is a problem with the safety of the structure between the first height and the second height of the structure when the amplitude of the magnitude of the first height and the second height is different. to provide.

The composition of the invention to achieve the above-mentioned effects is as follows.

3-axis acceleration sensor; and

The three-axis acceleration sensor is attached to the side of the petrochemical vertical reactor, and sets a coordinate system with the Earth's center direction as the +Z axis and the horizontal plane as the X and Y axes,

The acceleration in the X-axis direction (ax) and the acceleration in the Y-axis direction (ay) measured from the 3-axis acceleration sensor are transmitted to the data collection computer through wireless communication,

The data collection computer substitutes the height, lower diameter, and upper diameter of the petrochemical vertical reactor, the installation location of the 3-axis acceleration sensor, and the measured acceleration in the A petrochemical reactor structure stability measurement device is provided, characterized in that it calculates and outputs the vibration amplitude at the top of.

Equation (10)

here, is the height of the measuring position, It is the displacement at the measured height. L is the height of the structure, Z is the height variable, Si is the bending variable (displacement of the structure at Z height under the condition 0 < Z <= L), 0< <=L, is a plane coordinate, which is the (X-axis displacement), It can be calculated as (Y-axis displacement), and since the structure will vibrate, the integral constant by integration knows that the displacement at the center of vibration is 0, so the amplitude can be obtained using this.

Recall the installation height of the 3-axis acceleration sensor , calculate Smx and Smy using the acceleration of the An estimate of the vibration displacement can be calculated. At this time, by substituting Z=L, the vibration displacement of the structure at the highest height of the structure can be estimated.

In addition, the 3-axis acceleration sensor is connected to a control unit equipped with a wireless communication function and transmits measurement data to the data collection computer, and is equipped with a rechargeable battery. When charging, the battery is further equipped with a wind power generation unit to detect when there is a lot of wind. A petrochemical reactor structure stability measurement device is provided, which is equipped to automatically operate and transmit data.

In addition, the display unit of the data collection computer displays the petrochemical vertical reactor in a reduced scale on a three-dimensional coordinate axis, and displays green if the calculated amplitude is in a safe range and red if it is in a dangerous range. A reactor structure stability measurement device is provided.

In addition, the three-axis acceleration sensor, control unit, and wind power generation unit are provided inside a square box, and a hole is formed on a side of the square box to allow wind to enter, thereby driving the wind power generation unit. Stability of the petrochemical reactor structure. Provides measuring equipment.

In addition, a device for measuring the stability of a petrochemical reactor structure is provided, wherein the rectangular box part is provided with wheels so that it can climb up the wall.

Claims (4)

3-axis acceleration sensor; and
The three-axis acceleration sensor is attached to the side of the petrochemical vertical reactor, and sets a coordinate system with the Earth's center direction as the +Z axis and the horizontal plane as the X and Y axes,
The acceleration in the X-axis direction (ax) and the acceleration in the Y-axis direction (ay) measured from the 3-axis acceleration sensor are transmitted to the data collection computer through wireless communication,
The data collection computer substitutes the height, lower diameter, and upper diameter of the petrochemical vertical reactor, the installation location of the 3-axis acceleration sensor, and the measured acceleration in the X- and Y-axis directions into the equation (10) below, A petrochemical reactor structure safety measurement device characterized by calculating and outputting the vibration amplitude at the top of the chemical vertical reactor.
Equation (10)
here, is the height of the measuring position, is the displacement at the measured height. L is the height of the structure, Z is the height variable, Si is the bending variable (under the condition 0 < Z <= L, the displacement of the structure at Z height), 0< <=L, is a plane coordinate, which is the
(X-axis displacement), It can be calculated as (Y-axis displacement), and since the structure will vibrate, the integral constant by integration knows that the displacement at the center of vibration is 0, so the amplitude can be obtained using this.
Recall the installation height of the 3-axis acceleration sensor , calculate Smx and Smy using the acceleration of the An estimate of the vibration displacement can be calculated. At this time, by substituting Z=L, the vibration displacement of the structure at the highest height of the structure can be estimated. According to paragraph 1,
The three-axis acceleration sensor is connected to a control unit equipped with a wireless communication function and transmits measurement data to the data collection computer, and is equipped with a rechargeable battery. When charging, the battery further includes a wind power generation unit to automatically operate when there is a lot of wind. A petrochemical reactor structure safety measuring device, characterized in that it is equipped to operate and transmit data. According to paragraph 2,
The display unit of the data collection computer displays the petrochemical vertical reactor in a reduced scale on a three-dimensional coordinate axis, and displays green if the calculated amplitude is in a safe range and red if it is in a dangerous range. Safety measuring device. According to paragraph 3,
The three-axis acceleration sensor, control unit, and wind power generation unit are provided inside a square box, and a hole is formed on a side of the square box to allow wind to enter, thereby driving the wind power generation unit. Safety measurement of the petrochemical reactor structure. Device.