KR20240011858A - Substrate for printed electronics and manufacturing method thereof, printed electronics including the same substrate and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

It relates to a substrate for printed electronics and a method for manufacturing the same, and a printed electronics material including the substrate and a method for manufacturing the same. Specifically, embodiments of the present invention provide a technology for realizing excellent flexibility and various designs by using a substrate with a primer layer formed on the surface and printing electronic materials on the primer layer.

Description

Substrate for printed electronics and method of manufacturing the same, printed electronics including the substrate and method of manufacturing the same

It relates to a substrate for printed electronics and a method for manufacturing the same, and a printed electronics material including the substrate and a method for manufacturing the same.

Recently, as the importance of energy storage and conversion technology has increased, interest in various types of power sources, such as flexible batteries and wearable batteries, has increased significantly.

In this regard, research is underway on ways to improve the components of commercial lithium secondary batteries. For example, battery components such as electrodes, separators, and electrolytes are replaced with flexible materials, but using conventional manufacturing methods. will be.

However, simply replacing the components of commercial lithium secondary batteries with flexible materials has limitations in that it is difficult to ensure stability and, furthermore, it is difficult to implement various designs.

Embodiments of the present invention are intended to provide a technology that implements excellent flexibility and various designs by using a substrate with a primer layer formed on the surface and printing electronic materials on the primer layer.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a substrate; and a primer layer located on the surface of the substrate and made of a polymer nanomat. Here, the polymer nanomat is a three-dimensional aggregate of a plurality of polymer nanofibers; and pores formed between different polymer nanofibers in the aggregate.

The pores in the polymer nanomat may have a diameter of 1 nm to 10 μm.

In addition, pores in the polymer nanomat may be included in an amount of 10 to 90% by volume based on the total volume (100% by volume) of the polymer nanomat.

The polymer nanofiber may be at least one selected from the group including cellulose fiber, vegetable fiber and derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof. Independently of this, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyamide, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyetherimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylic acid, poly A group comprising vinylpyrrolidone, agarose, alginate, polyvinylidene hexafluoropropylene, polyurethane, nylon 6, polypyrrole, poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, polyaniline, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof. It may be at least one selected from.

The polymer nanofiber may have a diameter of 1 nm to 1000 nm and a length of 1 nm to 100 ㎛.

The substrate may be one selected from paper and textile.

The primer layer may be formed on the substrate through a printing process.

The ratio of the primer layer thickness to the thickness of the substrate may be 1/99 to 99/1 (primer layer thickness/substrate thickness).

The primer layer may have a thickness of 0.01 to 1000 ㎛, and a center line average surface roughness (R _a , Surface Roughness) of 1.0 ㎛ or less (excluding 0 ㎛).

According to another embodiment of the present invention, applying a dispersion containing a plurality of polymer nanofibers and a solvent to the surface of a substrate; and drying the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate to form a primer layer made of a polymer nanomat.

The step of applying the dispersion may be performed using at least one of inkjet printing, screen printing, reverse offset printing, doctor blade printing, roll-to-roll printing, spray printing, and gravure printing.

The dispersion may have a viscosity of 5 to 25 cP.

Drying the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate to form a primer layer made of polymer nanomat; applying a heterogeneous solvent onto the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate to perform a solvent exchange reaction inducing step; It may include.

Specifically, applying a heterogeneous solvent onto the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate to induce a solvent exchange reaction; is, applying a heterogeneous solvent onto the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate; In the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate, a solvent is exchanged with the heterogeneous solvent; Forming pores of uniform size between different polymer nanofibers by the exchanged heterogeneous solvent; And it may include a step of removing the exchanged heterogeneous solvent.

Applying a heterogeneous solvent onto the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate; inkjet printing, screen printing, reverse offset printing, doctor blade printing, roll-to-roll printing, and spraying on the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate. The heterogeneous solvent may be printed using at least one of printing and gravure printing.

Applying the dispersion; Previously, the step of preparing the dispersion by sonicating the mixture of the polymer nanofibers and the solvent may be further included.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a substrate; A primer layer located on the surface of the substrate and made of polymer nanomat; and an electronic material layer located on the primer layer. Here, the polymer nanomat is a three-dimensional aggregate of a plurality of polymer nanofibers; and pores formed between different polymer nanofibers in the aggregate.

The electronic material layer may include at least one electronic material selected from electronic materials including a conductive material, an insulating material, and a semiconductor material.

The electronic material may be patterned on the primer layer.

The printed electronics may be lithium secondary batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, lithium air batteries, zinc air batteries, magnesium secondary batteries, or supercapacitors.

In another embodiment of the present invention, applying a dispersion containing a plurality of polymer nanofibers and a solvent to the surface of a substrate; Drying the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate to form a primer layer made of polymer nanomat; and printing an electronic material on the primer layer to form an electronic material layer.

Printing an electronic material on the primer layer to form an electronic material layer; at least one of inkjet printing, screen printing, reverse offset printing, doctor blade printing, roll-to-roll printing, spray printing, and gravure printing. The printing method may be performed using an ink containing the electronic material and a solvent that dissolves the electronic material.

At this stage, the solvent of the ink may be impregnated into the pores of the primer layer.

According to embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to implement printed electronics.

Figure 1 shows a graph of the viscosity by concentration of the polymer nanofiber ink prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
Figure 2 is an SEM photograph taken of the A4 paper used as a substrate in Example 1 of the present invention, immediately after printing the polymer nanofiber ink (before the solvent exchange reaction), and the surface of the dried primer layer after the solvent exchange reaction. .
Figure 3 shows the results of evaluating the surface roughness of the dried primer layer (using Sample 3 ink) after the solvent exchange reaction in Example 1 of the present invention.
Figure 4 shows the results of evaluating the surface roughness of the A4 paper itself (a) and the PET film (b), respectively.
Figure 5 shows water being dropped on the dried primer layer (using Sample 3 ink) after the solvent exchange reaction in Example 1 of the present invention, and contact angle characteristics over time were evaluated. Additionally, the contact angle characteristics of the A4 paper itself and PET film were evaluated under the same conditions and are shown in Figure 5.
Figure 6 is an SEM photograph taken of the surface on which electronic material ink was printed in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention, respectively.
Figure 7 is an SEM photograph of a cross section of Example 2 of the present invention.
Figure 8 shows the electrical resistance measurement results for Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention, respectively.

Hereinafter, implementation examples of the present invention will be described in detail. However, this is presented as an example, and the present invention is not limited thereby, and the present invention is only defined by the scope of the claims to be described later.

Accordingly, in some embodiments, well-known techniques are not specifically described in order to avoid ambiguous interpretation of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in this specification may be used with meanings that can be commonly understood by those skilled in the art in the technical field to which the present invention pertains. When a part in the entire specification is said to “include” a certain element, this means that it may further include other elements rather than excluding other elements, unless specifically stated to the contrary. The singular also includes the plural, unless specifically stated in the phrase.

Printed Electronics Materials

In one embodiment of the present invention, a substrate; and a primer layer located on the surface of the substrate and made of a polymer nanomat. Here, the polymer nanomat is a three-dimensional aggregate of a plurality of polymer nanofibers; and pores formed between different polymer nanofibers in the aggregate.

When printing electronic material ink on the printed electronic substrate, the drying speed of the printed electronic material ink is fast, and the solvent in the printed electronic material ink can be impregnated into the pores in the printed electronic substrate, so that the electronic material An anchoring effect can be expected on the printed electronic substrate.

Furthermore, the primer layer may be formed on the substrate through a printing process. In this way, the process of forming the primer layer on the surface of the substrate and the process of printing electronic material ink on the primer layer can all be implemented with a typical inkjet printer, giving the advantage of realizing excellent printed electronics through a simple process. There is.

Hereinafter, each configuration of the printed electronic substrate will be described in detail.

*

Pore within polymer nanomat

The pores in the polymer nanomat may have a diameter of 1 nm to 10 μm.

As will be described later in this regard, in the process of forming the primer layer (polymer nanomat), the pore diameter can be uniformly controlled across the entire primer layer by a solvent exchange reaction.

In addition, pores in the polymer nanomat may be included in an amount of 10 to 90% by volume, more specifically 40 to 70% by volume, based on the total volume (100% by volume) of the polymer nanomat.

If the diameter and porosity exceed the above ranges, there is a problem with solvent impregnation, and if it is below the above ranges, the anchoring effect of the electronic material is significantly reduced, so it is necessary to control them within each range.

Polymer nanofibers in polymer nanomat

The polymer nanofibers in the polymer nanomat may be at least one selected from the group including cellulose fibers, vegetable fibers and derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof. Independently of this, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyamide, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyetherimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylic acid, poly A group comprising vinylpyrrolidone, agarose, alginate, polyvinylidene hexafluoropropylene, polyurethane, nylon 6, polypyrrole, poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, polyaniline, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof. It may be at least one selected from.

However, the materials listed above are only examples, and any material in the form of nanofibers containing polymers may be used.

The polymer nanofiber may have a diameter of 1 nm to 1000 nm and a length of 1 nm to 100 ㎛. This is the range that can be printed by the printing process described later, and is not limited thereto.

write

The substrate may be one selected from paper and textile. By using such a thin and flexible substrate and forming a primer layer on its surface as a substrate for printed electronics, it is suitable for application to flexible and wearable devices.

Physical properties of primer layer

The ratio of the primer layer thickness to the thickness of the substrate may be 1/99 to 99/1 (primer layer thickness/substrate thickness). When the substrate is ordinary paper, considering the primer layer thickness/substrate thickness range, the thickness of the primer layer may be 0.01 to 1000 ㎛.

Meanwhile, the primer layer may have a center line average surface roughness (R _a ) of 1.0 ㎛ or less (excluding 0 ㎛). This is supported by the examples and evaluation examples described later, and means a level of roughness that is much lower than that of ordinary paper and similar to that of PET film.

Method for manufacturing substrates for printed electronics

According to another embodiment of the present invention, applying a dispersion containing a plurality of polymer nanofibers and a solvent to the surface of a substrate; and drying the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate to form a primer layer made of a polymer nanomat.

This is a method of manufacturing the substrate for printed electronics described above, and the step of applying the dispersion includes at least one of inkjet printing, screen printing, reverse offset printing, doctor blade printing, roll-to-roll printing, spray printing, and gravure printing. It may be performed with one printing method.

That is, in manufacturing the printed electronic substrate, at least one printing method among the various methods listed above can be used.

Since the description of the benefits and the final obtained substrate overlaps, the materials used in each step and the characteristics of the process will be described below.

Viscosity of dispersion

The viscosity of the dispersion can be determined according to the printing method. Specifically, the viscosity may be within an acceptable range for the device used according to the printing method. For example, when using an inkjet printing method and a conventional inkjet printer, the viscosity of the dispersion can be controlled to 5 to 25 cP, but is not limited thereto.

solvent exchange reaction

Even if the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate is simply dried by natural drying, heat drying, etc., a three-dimensional aggregate of a plurality of polymer nanofibers is formed; And pores formed between different polymer nanofibers in the aggregate; a polymer nanomat (primer layer) including a can be formed.

However, when using a “solvent exchange” reaction to dry the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate, the size of the pores can be controlled more uniformly.

Specifically, drying the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate to form a primer layer made of a polymer nanomat; applying a heterogeneous solvent onto the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate, Inducing an exchange reaction; It may include.

More specifically, applying a heterogeneous solvent onto the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate to induce a solvent exchange reaction; is, applying a heterogeneous solvent onto the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate; In the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate, a solvent is exchanged with the heterogeneous solvent; Forming pores of uniform size between different polymer nanofibers by the exchanged heterogeneous solvent; And it may include a step of removing the exchanged heterogeneous solvent.

The heterogeneous solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a volatile solvent, and may include at least one type of solvent such as alcohol such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, or acetone. This volatile solvent is exchanged with water to control the spacing between different polymer nanofibers to make the pore size uniform, and then volatilizes and can be easily removed.

Here, the step of applying a heterogeneous solvent on the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate; inkjet printing, screen printing, reverse offset printing, doctor blade printing, and roll-to-roll printing method on the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate. The heterogeneous solvent may be printed using at least one of the following printing methods: , spray printing, and gravure printing. In this way, printing techniques can be used throughout the entire process.

Dispersion manufacturing process

Applying the dispersion; Previously, the step of preparing the dispersion by sonicating the mixture of the polymer nanofibers and the solvent may be further included.

This is to prevent the polymer nanofibers in the dispersion from agglomerating and maintain the viscosity within an appropriate range even during the printing process.

Printed Electronics

Printed Electronics refers to electronic components produced using printing technology and the technology to produce them. In this regard, in another embodiment of the present invention, a printed electronic is provided in which an electronic material layer is formed on a primer layer using the substrate for printed electronic as described above. Here, the electronic material layer may be printed by a method described later.

Specifically, in another embodiment of the present invention, a substrate; A primer layer located on the surface of the substrate and made of polymer nanomat; and an electronic material layer located on the primer layer. Here, the polymer nanomat is a three-dimensional aggregate of a plurality of polymer nanofibers; and pores formed between different polymer nanofibers in the aggregate.

The electronic material may be patterned on the primer layer. As will be described later in this regard, in a substrate on which the primer layer is not formed, patterning may not be performed depending on the characteristics of the substrate. However, on the primer layer, the drying speed of the printed electronic material ink is fast, and the solvent in the printed electronic material ink can be impregnated into the pores in the printed electronic substrate, thereby anchoring the electronic material on the printed electronic substrate. (anchoring), a conductive pattern can be well formed.

Meanwhile, the electronic material layer may include at least one electronic material selected from electronic materials including a conductive material, an insulating material, and a semiconductor material. For example, it may include electronic materials that are battery components, such as electrodes and electrolytes.

In this regard, the printed electronics may be used as, but are not limited to, lithium secondary batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, lithium air batteries, zinc air batteries, magnesium secondary batteries, or supercapacitors.

Manufacturing method of printed electronics

In another embodiment of the present invention, applying a dispersion containing a plurality of polymer nanofibers and a solvent to the surface of a substrate; Drying the dispersion applied to the surface of the substrate to form a primer layer made of polymer nanomat; and printing an electronic material on the primer layer to form an electronic material layer.

Printing an electronic material on the primer layer to form an electronic material layer; at least one of inkjet printing, screen printing, reverse offset printing, doctor blade printing, roll-to-roll printing, spray printing, and gravure printing. The printing method may be performed using an ink containing the electronic material and a solvent that dissolves the electronic material.

At this stage, the solvent of the ink may be impregnated into the pores of the primer layer. As previously mentioned, on the primer layer, the drying speed of the printed electronic material ink is fast, and the solvent in the printed electronic material ink can be impregnated into the pores in the printed electronic material substrate, so that the electronic material is used for the printed electronic material. By anchoring on the substrate, a conductive pattern can be well formed.

Hereinafter, examples of the present invention and evaluation examples thereof will be described. The following example is only an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following example.

Example 1 (Production of a substrate with a primer layer formed on the surface)

(One) Preparation of polymer nanofiber ink

According to one embodiment of the present invention, when manufacturing a substrate on which a primer layer is formed on the surface, the appropriate viscosity and polymer nanofiber content of the polymer nanofiber ink are confirmed.

Specifically, there are differences depending on the type of inkjet printer used, but the viscosity range that can be printed with the inkjet printer (manufacturer: HP, model name: Deskjet 1010) used in the process described later was 5 to 25 cP.

As the polymer nanofiber, cellulose nanofibers with an average diameter of 20 nm were used. It is manufactured by repeating the process of high-pressure homogenization of wood cellulose powders.

The cellulose nanofibers were dissolved in water to prepare inks of various viscosities and concentrations as follows.

(One) Sample 1: 0.1 mg nanofibers dissolved per mL of water, viscosity 7 cP

(2) Sample 2: 0.3 mg nanofibers dissolved per mL of water, viscosity 19 cP

(3) Sample 3: 0.5 mg nanofibers dissolved per mL of water, viscosity 60 cP

(4) Sample 4: 0.7 mg nanofibers dissolved per mL of water, viscosity 140 cP

(5) Sample 5: 1.0 mg nanofibers dissolved per mL of water, viscosity 420 cP

A graph of the viscosity by concentration of each sample is shown in Figure 1.

(2) Printing of polymer nanofiber ink

Using the ink of Sample 3, apply the ink of Sample 3 to an inkjet printer (Manufacturer: HP, Model name: Desckjet 1010) to print (print) polymer nanofiber ink on A4 paper (Manufacturer: Xerox) did.

(3) Derivation of solvent exchange reaction

While the printed ink was in a wet state, a heterogeneous solvent (ethanol/acetone=1/1, v/v mixture) was printed using the inkjet printer to induce a solvent exchange reaction.

In this solvent exchange reaction process, the water in the previously printed ink was exchanged with the heterogeneous solvent, and at the same time, the spacing between different nanofibers was controlled to form uniform pore sizes, and the heterogeneous solvent was removed.

Afterwards, a substrate with a dried primer layer formed on the surface was obtained.

Comparative Example 1

The A4 paper itself, which was used as a substrate in Example 1, and PET film (manufacturer: Finetech) were used as comparative examples, respectively.

Evaluation example 1

(One) Observation of the structure of the primer layer

SEM photographs were taken of the A4 paper used as a substrate, immediately after printing the polymer nanofiber ink (before the solvent exchange reaction), and the surface of the dried primer layer after the solvent exchange reaction, respectively, and are shown in Figure 2.

Referring to Figure 2, cellulose nanofibers are three-dimensionally assembled on the surface of A4 paper (a) immediately after the polymer nanofiber ink is printed (b), but are in a wet state due to the inclusion of water as a solvent, and cellulose It can be seen that the spacing between nanofibers (i.e., pore size) is non-uniform.

Meanwhile, after inducing the solvent exchange reaction, it was confirmed that the spacing between different nanofibers was controlled and the pore size became uniform.

In other words, when printing polymer nanofiber ink, the polymer nanofibers can be three-dimensionally aggregated on the surface of the substrate by controlling the viscosity of the ink to an appropriate range, but the pore size can be controlled more uniformly by inducing a solvent exchange reaction. You can see that it can be done.

(2) Surface roughness evaluation

Figure 3 shows the results of evaluating the surface roughness of the dried primer layer (using Sample 3 ink) after the solvent exchange reaction in Example 1.

Meanwhile, Figure 4 shows the results of evaluating the surface roughness of the A4 paper itself (a) and the PET film (b), respectively.

When comparing Figures 3 and 4, the substrate with the primer layer formed on the surface shows a surface roughness (R _a ) of 0.4 ㎛ level, which is higher than that of A4 paper without a primer layer (R _a ~4.8 ㎛). It can be seen that it has reached a level similar to PET film ((R _a ~0.2 ㎛).

(3) Contact angle evaluation

Figure 5 shows water being dropped on the dried primer layer (using Sample 3 ink) after the solvent exchange reaction in Example 1, and contact angle characteristics over time were evaluated. In addition, the contact angle characteristics of the A4 paper itself and PET film were evaluated under the same conditions and are shown in Figure 5.

Referring to Figure 5, it can be seen that water dropped on the primer layer of Example 1 dries quickly compared to the PET film. This is an effect of the inclusion of nano-sized pores in the primer layer of Example 1, and suggests that uniform printing is possible without a coffee-ring effect on the surface.

Example 2 (Printed Electronics Manufacturing)

Electronic materials were printed on the dried primer layer (using Sample 3 ink) after the solvent exchange reaction in Example 1.

(One) Preparation of electronic material ink

Specifically, the electronic material ink used was an electrochemically active ink and an electrically conductive ink.

More specifically, the electrochemically active ink is a mixture of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and activated carbon (AC) at a weight ratio of 1:30, 1 per 1 mL of water. After dissolving in mg, centrifugation was performed at a rotation speed of 10,000 rpm per hour to remove large-sized particles and prevent agglomeration, and maintain a viscosity of 20 cP at a sheer rate of 1/s.

The electrically conductive ink uses silver nanowires (Ag Nanowires, AgNWs) dissolved at 5 mg per 1 mL of a mixed solvent of water and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) = 1/1, v/v). did. As the nanowire, a nanowire cut to a length of ~20 to ~1 ㎛ was used through a sonication-driven scission process. This is to prevent the nozzle of the inkjet printer from clogging depending on the length of the nanowire. Accordingly, the viscosity of the electrically conductive ink was maintained at a level of 18 cP at a sheer rate of 1/s.

(2) Printing of electronic materials ink

Using the same inkjet printer as in Example 1, the electrically conductive ink was printed on the pattern created by printing the electrochemically active ink on the surface of the primer layer (using sample 3 ink) dried after the solvent exchange reaction in Example 1. A conductive pattern was prepared.

Comparative Example 2

Electronic material ink was printed on the A4 paper itself and the PET film (manufacturer: Finetech) used as the substrate in Example 1 by the same process as in Example 2, respectively.

Evaluation example 2

(1) Surface observation of conductive patterns

SEM photographs were taken of the surfaces on which electronic material ink was printed in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, respectively, and are shown in Figure 6.

Referring to FIG. 6, it can be seen that the electronic material ink spread on the surface of the A4 paper and no conductive pattern was formed. In addition, it can be seen that on the surface of the PET substrate, electronic material particles are distributed to the edges due to the coffee-ring effect, and no conductive pattern is formed.

On the other hand, in Example 2, it was confirmed that a uniformly shaped conductive pattern was formed without any spreading or coffee-ring phenomenon.

(2) Cross-sectional observation of conductive patterns

*SEM photos were also taken for the cross section of Example 2 and are shown in Figure 7.

* Referring to Figure 7, it can be seen that the electronic material is uniformly distributed in the thickness direction on the primer layer, forming a uniformly shaped conductive pattern.

This supports the effect of the electronic material being anchored on the primer layer as the solvent impregnates the pores in the primer layer during the printing process of the electronic material ink.

(3) electrical resistance measurement

For Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, the electrical resistance was measured and shown in FIG. 8.

Referring to Figure 8, it can be seen that compared to Comparative Example 2 (A4 paper: 7.5 kohm, PET film: 2.2 kohm), the electrical resistance of Example 2 is significantly lower at 8 ohm (Ω).

This can be seen as securing an excellent level of electronic conductivity by successfully forming a uniform conductive pattern.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but can be manufactured in various different forms, and those skilled in the art will be able to form other specific forms without changing the technical idea or essential features of the present invention. You will be able to understand that this can be implemented. Therefore, the embodiments described above should be understood in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.

Claims (6)

write; and
A primer layer located on the surface of the substrate and made of polymer nanomat,
The polymer nanomat is a three-dimensional aggregate of a plurality of polymer nanofibers; And pores formed between different polymer nanofibers in the aggregate;
The substrate is one selected from paper and textile,
The primer layer is formed by a printing process, and is manufactured through a solvent exchange reaction by additionally printing a heterogeneous solvent on the wet primer layer while the primer layer is wet,
The viscosity of the ink for forming the primer layer is controlled to a predetermined range for the printing process,
A substrate for printed electronics, wherein when the primer layer is formed by a printing process, it is uniformly printed without a coffee ring effect on the substrate surface.
According to paragraph 1,
The pores in the polymer nanomat are,
having a diameter of 1 nm to 10 μm,
Substrate for printed electronics.
According to paragraph 1,
The pores in the polymer nanomat are,
It is contained in 10 to 90 vol% based on the total volume (100 vol%) of the polymer nanomat,
Substrate for printed electronics.
According to paragraph 1,
The polymer nanofibers are,
At least one selected from the group comprising cellulose fibers, vegetable fibers and derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof,
Substrate for printed electronics.
According to paragraph 1,
The polymer nanofibers are,
Polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyamide, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyetherimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone , agarose, alginate, polyvinylidene hexafluoropropylene, polyurethane, nylon 6, polypyrrole, poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, polyaniline, derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof. which is,
Substrate for printed electronics.
According to paragraph 1,
The polymer nanofibers are,
having a diameter of 1 nm to 1000 nm,
Substrate for printed electronics.