KR20230171364A - Apparatus and Method for Electric Vehicle charging using VIB ESS - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention receive power from at least one of the power grid and the energy storage system (ESS), perform an electric vehicle charging procedure through a charger, and receive power from at least one of the power grid and the energy storage system (ESS). The charging procedure is performed through the charger, and during the electric vehicle charging procedure, the electric vehicle charging method is capable of charging the energy storage device (ESS) from the power grid or switching from discharging the energy storage device (ESS) to charging. and system are presented.

Description

Electric vehicle charging device and method using VIB ESS {Apparatus and Method for Electric Vehicle charging using VIB ESS}

The present invention relates to an integrated system combining an energy storage system (ESS) and a charger, and more specifically, to a system configuration and control method for charging an electric vehicle (EV) by reflecting the overall energy or power supply situation of the integrated system. .

An Energy Storage System (ESS) is a device that stores electricity in batteries and then supplies power to the grid. Energy storage devices can perform charging and discharging.

Recently, as the use of electric vehicles has expanded, electric vehicle chargers are being placed in various spaces. However, the use of electric vehicle chargers increases electricity usage on the grid and can affect other electricity usage in the space. In particular, when electricity usage increases rapidly, there is a problem that the use of electric vehicle chargers is limited.

Accordingly, there is a need for a method to stably perform charging in a space where a charger is placed and to provide a system for this.

The problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide an electric vehicle charging system in which an energy storage device stabilizes the power supply of the grid by assisting the charger's power use and is driven by linking ESS power.

Another problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a charging system in which charging/discharging of the ESS occurs simultaneously while charging an electric vehicle.

An additional problem that the present invention seeks to solve is to provide a system in which the difference between the SoC of the ESS at the start of electric vehicle charging and the SoC of the ESS after the end of electric vehicle charging is below a certain level.

The problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the problems mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned here will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

According to embodiments of the present invention, power is received from at least one of the power grid and the energy storage device (ESS), and an electric vehicle charging procedure is performed through a charger, and at least one of the power grid and the energy storage device (ESS) is performed. It receives power and performs the charging procedure through the charger, and during the electric vehicle charging procedure, it is possible to charge the energy storage device (ESS) from the power grid or switch from discharging the energy storage device (ESS) to charging. Provides a method for charging electric vehicles.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the power grid connected to the energy storage device (ESS) has the maximum amount of power, and the charger connected to the energy storage device (ESS) and the power grid has the amount of power required for charging the electric vehicle. In the charging system, if the required power amount is greater than or equal to the maximum power amount, a first step of charging the electric vehicle by discharging the energy storage device (ESS) for power in a range exceeding the maximum power amount; And if the required power amount is less than the maximum power amount, a second step of charging the energy storage system (ESS) with power in a range below the maximum power amount is provided.

According to embodiments of the present invention, at least one secondary battery capable of charging and discharging; an input unit that receives power from the power grid to charge the secondary battery; An output unit that discharges the secondary battery and provides the corresponding power to a charger for charging an electric vehicle; and is operatively connected to the secondary battery, the input unit, and the output unit to determine a state of charge (SoC) of the secondary battery at the start of charging the electric vehicle and a state of charge (SoC) of the secondary battery at the end of charging the electric vehicle. ) and a control unit that controls to maintain the same, receives power from at least one of the power grid and the energy storage device (ESS), performs the charging procedure through the charger, and receives power from the power grid during the electric vehicle charging procedure. An electric vehicle charging system is provided, which is capable of switching from charging the energy storage device (ESS) or discharging the energy storage device (ESS) to charging.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the power grid connected to the energy storage device (ESS) has the maximum amount of power, and the charger connected to the energy storage device (ESS) and the power grid has the amount of power required for charging the electric vehicle. In the charging system, if the required power amount is less than the maximum power amount, a second step of charging the energy storage device (ESS) with power in a range below the maximum power amount, wherein the power grid and the energy Receives power from at least one of the storage devices (ESS) and performs the charging procedure through the charger, and during the electric vehicle charging procedure, the energy storage device (ESS) is charged or discharged from the power grid. Provides a method of charging an electric vehicle, characterized in that conversion to charging is possible.

When implementing embodiments of the present invention, the energy storage device can stabilize the power supply of the grid by assisting the charger's power use, and thus the charger can provide a stable electric vehicle charging service.

When implementing embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to provide a charging system in which charging/discharging of the ESS occurs simultaneously while charging an electric vehicle.

When implementing embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to provide a system in which the difference between the SoC of the ESS at the start of charging the electric vehicle and the SoC of the ESS after the end of charging the electric vehicle is less than a certain level.

The effects provided by the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned herein will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

1(a) and 1(b) illustrate the configuration of the power supply with the power grid, energy storage device, and other electrical devices related to embodiments of the present invention and the corresponding time at points A, B, and C. This is a diagram showing the output.
Figure 1(c) is a conceptual configuration diagram related to embodiments of the present invention.
Figures 2(a), 2(b), and 2(c) are diagrams showing charger output, ESS output, and ESS state of charge (SoC) according to embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 3(a) is a graph showing the output of ultra-fast charging mode 1 for the charger 360 of the power supply system 300 according to additional embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 3(b) is a conceptual diagram showing power provision in Phase 1 and Phase 2 of FIG. 3(a).
Figure 4(a) is a graph showing the output of ultra-fast charging mode 2 for the charger 360 of the power supply system 300 according to additional embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 4(b) is a conceptual diagram showing power provision in Phase 1 and Phase 2 of FIG. 4(a).
Figure 5 is a diagram showing the arrangement of an energy storage device in a space and the configuration of power supply with other electric fields according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 6 is a diagram showing a configuration in which a charger receives power from an energy storage device and a power distribution device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a diagram showing a process in which a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention controls an energy storage device according to the amount of power in the grid.
Figure 9 is a diagram showing the arrangement and operation of an energy storage device and charger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is a diagram showing the arrangement and operation of an energy storage device and charger according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 is a diagram showing a process in which an energy storage device operates in response to an increase in power use in the grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 is a diagram showing the configuration of an energy storage device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 13 is a diagram showing the configuration of a charger according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The advantages and features of the invention presented in this specification and methods for achieving them will become clear by referring to the embodiments described in detail below along with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed in the present specification and will be implemented in various different forms, and the present embodiments are merely intended to ensure that the disclosure of the present invention is complete and to provide a general understanding of the technical field to which the present invention pertains. It is provided to fully inform those with knowledge of the scope of the invention, and the present invention is only defined by the scope of the claims. The same reference numerals may refer to the same components throughout this specification.

Additionally, when describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description may be omitted.

Additionally, when describing the components of the present invention, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), and (b) may be used. These terms are only used to distinguish the component from other components, and the nature, sequence, order, or number of the components are not limited by the term. When a component is described as being “connected,” “coupled,” or “connected” to another component, that component may be directly connected or connected to that other component, but there are no other components between each component. It should be understood that may be “interposed” or that each component may be “connected,” “combined,” or “connected” through other components.

Hereinafter, in this specification, we will look at technology for controlling the charging or discharging of energy storage devices installed in spaces such as buildings, houses, subways, and public places according to the electricity usage status of other electric devices in the space. In addition, we look at technology in which the energy storage device controls the charger according to the aforementioned electricity usage situation. Additionally, when the power usage load of other electrical devices in a space increases, we look at technology in which an energy storage device supplies power to other electrical devices.

Generally, an energy storage system (ESS) consists of a battery, a battery management system (BMS), a power conversion system (PCS), and an energy management system (EMS). A battery has one or more cells, a plurality of cells can form one module, and a plurality of modules can form a rack. The energy storage system (ESS) configured in this way can be connected to a power grid, electric network, power grid, etc. to receive power.

Energy storage systems (ESS) can be used to charge electric vehicles (EV). Here, the battery applied to the energy storage system (ESS) and the battery applied inside the electric vehicle (EV) each have a state-of-charge (SoC), and the background is explained as follows.

First, you must understand the charge/discharge rate (C-Rate) of the battery. The charging rate of the battery and/or the discharging rate of the battery may be controlled by the charge/discharge rate (C-Rate). Charge/discharge rate (C-Rate) refers to the measurement of current used to charge and/or discharge a battery. For example, discharging a specific battery at 1C-Rate or 1C means that a battery with a capacity of 10Ah (i.e., the amount of electricity when 10A (ampere) current flows for 1 hour) is fully charged and discharges at 10A for 1 hour. It means that (ampere) can be discharged. In this way, the charging rate of the battery can also be expressed as C-Rate.

By measuring a battery charging at a specific C-Rate, you can check its state of charge (SoC). When charging an electric vehicle (EV) using an energy storage system (ESS), various controls for charging can be performed by checking the SoC of the battery inside the energy storage system (ESS) and the SoC of the battery inside the electric vehicle (EV). .

Embodiments of the present invention to be described below relate to system control required when charging an electric vehicle (EV) using an integrated system applying an electric vehicle (EV) charger to an energy storage system (ESS), and the present inventors We present technologically improved features compared to energy storage system (ESS) system configuration and control. The feature of the present invention can be expressed as an electric vehicle charging system driven by linking ESS power.

Hereinafter, the features of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

Figure 1 (a) shows a power supply system 100 related to embodiments of the present invention, a power grid 110, an energy storage device 140, and other electric devices 120, 130, 150, 160, and 170. This is a drawing showing the composition.

Generally, the power supply system 100 has a main distribution board 120 that receives power, that is, alternating current (AC), from the power grid 110, and the power is supplied through a power conversion system (PCS) and a power bank. ) or distributed to similar power conversion equipment 130. Meanwhile, the main distribution board 120 can be connected to loads 170 other than the ESS to supply power.

The power conversion equipment 130 is operatively connected to an energy storage device 140, such as a VIB ESS, and can transmit or receive power by providing necessary control. Additionally, the power conversion equipment 130 is connected to a charger 150, and the charger 150 may be connected to an electric vehicle (EV) 160 or another object requiring charging. The electric vehicle (EV) 160 may selectively receive at least one of power provided from the power grid 110 and power provided by the energy storage device 140 under the control of the power conversion equipment 130.

Here, at least one of the main distribution board 120, power conversion equipment 130, energy storage device 140, charger 150, electric vehicle (EV) 160, and load 170 other than ESS is located at a designated location. , for example, may be installed inside or next to a specific building.

This power supply system 100 supplies grid power to a specific building and is preferably installed and controlled so that it can additionally charge electric vehicles. Accordingly, the outputs for the parts indicated by A, B, and C in FIG. 1(a) will be described in more detail in FIG. 1(b).

FIG. 1(b) is a conceptual diagram for explaining outputs for portions indicated by A, B, and C in FIG. 1(a) described above.

Figures 1(a) and (b) are a combination of an ESS and a charger, and correspond to a technology that assists with the ESS so as not to exceed the contracted power of the grid and charges the ESS after charging is completed.

The graph of output A shows the charger output over time, and charging of electric vehicles occurs while receiving power from the grid and ESS. It can be seen that the highest output appears at the beginning and beginning of electric vehicle charging, and as time passes, the output of the charger decreases and reaches the lowest level as the end of the electric vehicle approaches. The contracted power associated with the grid is exemplarily displayed at the day-ahead level and will be described in more detail below.

The graph of Output B shows the grid output over time, and you can see that the highest output appears at the beginning and beginning of electric vehicle charging, and as time passes, the charger's output decreases, reaching the lowest level as the end of the electric vehicle approaches.

The graph of output C shows the ESS output over time, and the highest output appears at the beginning and beginning of electric vehicle charging. As time passes, the output of the charger decreases, and it reaches the lowest level as the end of the electric vehicle approaches. Here, the maximum output of the ESS is the maximum output of the charger minus the contracted power of the grid mentioned above.

Figure 1(c) is a conceptual configuration diagram related to embodiments of the present invention.

To charge an electric vehicle, power is provided from the power grid, and after AC/DC conversion, it is supplied to the electric vehicle charger. The energy storage system (ESS) assists with the power of this grid and includes a switching circuit in the AC/DC converter when charging and discharging, so that the discharging and charging of the energy storage device can be switched during the electric vehicle charging procedure. .

Therefore, embodiments of the present invention receive power from at least one of the power grid and the energy storage device and perform a charging procedure through a charger, and during the electric vehicle charging procedure, the energy storage device is discharged and charged according to the state of the power grid. It can be said that an electric vehicle charging method is provided, characterized in that this conversion can be performed.

Next, the relationship between the output of the charger and the output of the ESS and state-of-charge (SoC) will be explained in more detail.

Figure 2(a) is a conceptual diagram of the relationship between the output of the charger, the output of the ESS, and the state of charge (SoC) according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

Following the explanation of Figures 1(a) and (b) above, when starting charging of the first EV (electric vehicle), the output of the charger exceeding the contract power of the grid is required, so the electric vehicle is first charged using the ESS output. shows. As time passes, the output of the charger decreases due to continuous discharge of the ESS, and in sections below the grid contract power, charging continues until the end of charging of the first EV using grid power. Afterwards, if you want to immediately charge the second EV, it cannot be used immediately due to the discharge of the ESS. In other words, as can be seen by measuring the SoC of the ESS, the SoC reaches almost 0% at the end of the first EV charging.

If EV charging begins while the ESS is fully charged, the ESS assists, allowing charging at maximum output. If the capacity of the ESS is similar to the amount of power that assists the EV, after charging one EV, it may be difficult to assist the second EV. To solve this problem, the capacity of ESS can be increased, but overall costs increase and profitability decreases. Alternatively, the ESS can be recharged, but the waiting time during recharging reduces the number of EVs to be charged, which reduces profitability.

Meanwhile, it can be seen that there is an area where the contracted power of the grid is wasted during the latter section of the first EV charging. Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention recognized the problem of this waste area and conducted research and development on technical methods to improve it.

Figure 2(b) is a conceptual diagram of the relationship between the output of the charger, the output of the ESS, and the state of charge (SoC) according to additional embodiments of the present invention.

To explain the background, the lithium battery (LIB) currently used to charge electric vehicles is capable of fast charging at a low SoC due to its electrochemical characteristics, but when the SoC rises above a certain level, the charging speed is lowered for safety reasons. Even if an ultra-fast charger is applied, ultra-fast charging is only carried out in the initial section, and after a certain period, it enters a low-speed charging mode, which is disappointing about the EV charging process. In other words, it is desirable for the ESS that supports the power grid to supply optimal power in accordance with the amount of power required by electric vehicles, and VIBs with wide charge/discharge rate (C-rate) coverage (usable range) are the optimal batteries for ESS. Able to know.

Therefore, the present inventors developed a charging system in which ESS charging/discharging occurs simultaneously while charging an electric vehicle. In other words, a system was designed in which ESS discharge occurs during the electric vehicle fast charging section to assist the power of the power grid, and then when the electric vehicle enters the low-speed charging section, ESS charging occurs depending on the state of the power grid. As a result, it can be said that this is a system in which the difference between the SoC of the ESS when charging the electric vehicle starts and the SoC of the ESS after the end of charging the electric vehicle is below a certain level.

In addition, the present inventors found that VIB ESS, which can handle both low and high outputs, is suitable because the change in charge/discharge output is large depending on the state of the power grid.

The present inventors propose to use the VIB ESS charging for the area where the contracted power of the grid shown in the above-mentioned FIG. 2(a) is wasted.

Here, charging may be performed for at least one battery, at least one cell, at least one module, and/or at least one rack in the VIB ESS.

First, in cases where electric vehicle charging occurs continuously, when the charger output falls below a certain reference value, for example, the contract power (of the power grid), the remaining surplus output can be used for ESS charging. If the necessary control is performed here, the SoC of the ESS does not change after charging of the first EV is completed and until charging of the second EV occurs. In other words, this charging system supplies grid power to a specific building so that EV users can always use the best charger, and both charging and discharging of the ESS is performed during the electric vehicle charging process so that electric vehicle charging can also be performed. Inventors came up with it.

At this time, ESS requires a VIB with a long lifespan because a full charge and discharge cycle occurs for each EV. Charger operators may be able to maintain the maximum charging speed even by using an ESS with a capacity of about half that of one EV.

Figure 2(c) is a conceptual diagram of another relationship between the output of the charger, the output of the ESS, and the state of charge (SoC) according to additional embodiments of the present invention.

When charging an electric vehicle is stopped midway, some EV users may end up stopping charging and operating the electric vehicle when the charging speed falls below a certain level. Therefore, there may also be a need to secure some of the charging time of the ESS or to lower the maximum output to a certain level while securing the charging time of the ESS.

This is indicated as a region of short latency in Figure 2(c), and the relationship between the corresponding charger output, ESS output, and ESS SoC is shown.

If electric vehicle charging ends before reaching the standard value for switching from ESS discharge to charging, control is performed to resume ultra-fast charging after securing the charging time of the ESS for a certain period of time.

Alternatively, if electric vehicle charging ends before reaching the reference value for switching from ESS discharge to charging and ultra-fast charging proceeds immediately, control is performed to lower the electric vehicle ultra-fast charging power. For example, this control may be implemented in cases where the ESS is difficult to discharge.

Next, the output of the charger according to additional embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3(a), 3(b), 4(a), and 4(b).

FIG. 3(a) is a graph showing the output of ultra-fast charging mode 1 for the charger 360 of the power supply system 300 according to additional embodiments of the present invention.

Ultra-fast charging mode 1 is performed when there is no need to provide power to loads other than the ESS. In the first step, check the maximum amount of power that can be used in the grid where the ESS is installed. In the second step, information on the amount of power required by the charger is received. In the third step, a comparative judgment is performed on the power amounts of the first and second steps.

Here, monitoring or monitoring means, devices, sensors, measuring instruments, measuring instruments, power meters, etc. can be used to confirm and compare various amounts of power. Wired communication or wireless communication such as Wi-Fi can be used to transmit and receive the relevant amount of power information. Communication equipment and technology can be utilized.

Lastly, when the required power of the charger is greater than or equal to the grid power, the range exceeding the grid power is assisted by the ESS, or when the charger required power is less than the grid power, the range below the grid power is used for ESS charging.

Meanwhile, the section in which the output of the charger is above/exceeding the contract power of the power grid may be referred to as Phase 1, and the section in which the output of the charger is below/below the contract power of the power grid may be referred to as Phase 2.

FIG. 3(b) is a conceptual diagram showing power provision in Phase 1 and Phase 2 of FIG. 3(a). Here, the portion indicated by the dotted arrow indicates the direction of power provision.

To charge the electric vehicle (EV) 360, the main distribution board 320 sends power provided from the power grid 310 to power conversion equipment 330 (PCS, Power Bank). In Phase 1, which is the section exceeding the contracted power of the power grid, the VIB ESS discharges the power and charges the EV through the power conversion equipment 330 and charger 350. On the other hand, in Phase 2, which is the section below the contract power of the power grid, the surplus power of the power grid is used to charge the VIB ESS without wasting it, and the power from the grid is used to charge the EV through the power conversion equipment 330 and charger 350. do.

Figure 4(a) is a graph showing the output of ultra-fast charging mode 2 for the charger 360 of the power supply system 300 according to additional embodiments of the present invention.

Ultra-fast charging mode 2 is performed when it is necessary to provide power to loads other than the ESS. In the first step, check the maximum amount of power that can be used in the grid where the ESS is installed. In the second step, charger power requirement information is received. In the third step, information on the amount of power required for loads other than the ESS is received. In the fourth step, the power amounts of the first, second, and third steps are compared and determined.

Here, monitoring or monitoring means, devices, sensors, measuring instruments, measuring instruments, power meters, etc. can be used to confirm and compare various amounts of power. Wired communication or wireless communication such as Wi-Fi can be used to transmit and receive the relevant amount of power information. Communication equipment and technology can be utilized.

Lastly, when the sum of the charger required power and loads other than the ESS is greater than or equal to the grid power, the ESS assists in the range exceeding the grid power, or when the sum of the charger required power and loads other than the ESS is less than the grid power, the grid The range below the power amount is used for ESS charging.

Meanwhile, the section in which the output of the charger is above/exceeding the contracted power of the power grid and the section in which power is provided to loads other than EES may be collectively referred to as Phase 1, and the power section below/below may be referred to as Phase 2. Here, it can be seen that Phase 1 in Figure 4(a) is longer than Phase 1 in Figure 3(a) due to loads other than the ESS, and Phase 2 in Figure 4(a) is shorter than Phase 2 in Figure 3(a). It can be seen that

FIG. 4(b) is a conceptual diagram showing power provision in Phase 1 and Phase 2 of FIG. 4(a). Here, the portion indicated by the dotted arrow indicates the direction of power provision.

In order to supply power to loads 370 other than the ESS, the main distribution board 320 provides a portion of the power of the power grid 310. Additionally, in order to charge the electric vehicle (EV) 360, the main distribution board 320 sends power provided from the power grid 310 to the power conversion equipment 330 (PCS, Power Bank). In Phase 1, which is the section exceeding the contracted power of the power grid, the VIB ESS discharges the power and charges the EV through the power conversion equipment 330 and charger 350. On the other hand, in Phase 2, which is the section below the contract power of the power grid, the surplus power of the power grid is used to charge the VIB ESS without wasting it, and the power from the grid is used to charge the EV through the power conversion equipment 330 and charger 350. do.

For reference, FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b) exemplarily show a case where the power supply system 300 is installed and operated in a place such as a commercial facility, public place, or specific building.

Figure 5 is a diagram showing the arrangement of an energy storage device in a space and the configuration of power supply with other electric devices according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 shows an Energy Storage System (ESS) 100 and other devices, and the grid corresponding to the power source 10 includes a Supportive Power Region 30 and a Primary Power Region ( Power can be supplied to the Primary Power Region (40). The energy storage device (ESS) 100 may be placed in the supportive power area 30 .

An energy storage device (ESS, 100) and one or more chargers (50a, ..., 50n) may be disposed in the supportive power area (30). A plurality of electric devices 60a, ..., 60n may be disposed in the primary power area 40. Additionally, a separate ESS that is different from the energy storage device 100 disposed in the supportive power region 30 may be disposed in the primary power region 40.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the power distribution device 20 may distribute power to the supportive power area 30 and the primary power area 40. The energy storage device 100 can charge or discharge according to the electricity demand or expected demand used in the two areas 30 and 40. For this purpose, a power meter 210 may be connected to or placed within the supportive power area 30. Additionally, a power meter 220 may be connected to or placed within the primary power area 40.

The power meters 210 and 220 are, in one embodiment, a power meter and measure the amount of power being used in the installed area. The power meters 210 and 220 transmit the measured value (amount of power) to the energy storage device 100. Additionally, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a separate power meter may be placed in the power source 10. In this case, the energy storage device 100 can check the amount of power consumed by the power source 10 in real time.

In this specification, the energy storage device includes an energy storage device including a vanadium ion battery, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in this specification, energy storage devices include vanadium redox battery (VRB), polysulfide bromide battery (PSB), and zinc bromine battery (ZBB).

When applying the embodiment of FIG. 5, when the charger 50 charges an electric vehicle or another device that requires charging, charging can be performed according to charging conditions required by the electric vehicle or other device. For example, when high current charging is requested, the charger 50 performs high current charging. According to the control of the energy storage device 100, the power source 10 and the power of the energy storage device 100 are provided to the charger 50. And when the charger 50 performs low-current charging, the energy storage device 100 receives a charger ( 50) can be supplied with power and charged.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration in which a charger receives power from the energy storage device 100 and the power distribution device 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The charger 50 may receive power from the power distribution device 20 (P1). In one embodiment, this means that power is supplied from the grid, that is, the power source 10. In addition, the energy storage device 100 compares the information on the amount of power received from the power meters 211, 212, and 220 with the maximum amount of power that can be provided by the power source 10 to determine part or all of the amount of power to be used by the charger 50. can assist.

The energy storage device 100 can supply power to the charger 50 (P2). The charger 50 may switch or merge the supplied power under the control of the energy storage device 100. The charger 50 can supply power according to a charging request from an external device (P5).

The energy storage device 100 may receive power from the power distribution device 20 (P3). And the energy storage device 100 can supply power to the primary power area 40 (P4). Power supplied by the energy storage device 100 may be supplied to the primary power area 40 via the power distribution device 20. That is, the direction of power supply between the energy storage device 100 and the power distribution device 20 may be bidirectional.

The power supply (P4) of the energy storage device 100 may be determined based on the power demand of the primary power area 40, the maximum amount of power that the power source 10 can supply, etc.

When the energy storage device 100 supports the high-speed charging and discharging functions of the charger 50, the energy storage device 100 can flexibly respond to the power situation of the grid 10 by monitoring the amount of power in the grid 10. In particular, the energy storage device 100 can predict times when grid 10 power usage is low by accumulating and storing information about past power usage times of the grid 10. As a result, the energy storage device 100 can prepare for the case where power use of the grid 10 increases rapidly during the high-speed charging and discharging process of the charger 50.

In addition, the above process can be applied even when high-speed charging of the energy storage device 100 is required. That is, the energy storage device 100 can receive power from the grid 10 and perform high-speed charging of the energy storage device 100. In this process, it is possible to flexibly respond to the power situation of the grid 10 by monitoring the amount of power of the grid 10 as described above.

Figure 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of an ESS according to an embodiment of the present invention. The energy storage device 100 includes an energy storage module 110 including a battery and a controller 150.

The energy storage device 100 includes a pack BMS 120 that manages charging and discharging of the energy storage module 110. Additionally, the energy storage device 100 may optionally include a Power Management System (PMS) 130 and a Power Conversion System (PCS) 140. If the energy storage device 100 includes both the PMS 130 and the PCS 140, it may be referred to as an integrated ESS.

The module BMS manages the battery by monitoring the charging status, discharge status, temperature, voltage, and current of the battery. The pack BMS 120 is a battery management system for the entire battery pack.

The controller 150 uses the power measurement results of the supportive power area and the power measurement results of the primary power area to determine charging or discharging of the energy storage module 110, or one or more chargers disposed in the supportive power area. You can decide whether or not to discharge using the primary power area. Additionally, according to one embodiment, the controller 150 may be integrated with the PMS 130 and operate as a single component.

Figure 8 is a diagram showing a process in which a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention controls the ESS according to the amount of power in the grid.

The controller 150 may store the maximum power amount (Grid_Max) of the grid that supplies power to the primary power area and the supportive power area, that is, the power source 10 (S301). Maximum power amount (Grid_Max) refers to the maximum amount of power that can be used in the grid.

Thereafter, the power meter 220 measures the power usage (Primary_Usage) of the primary power area 40 (S302). In one embodiment, this measures power usage (load usage) generated in areas other than the supportive power area 30 where the energy storage device 100 is placed.

Additionally, according to another embodiment of the present invention, in step S302, the energy storage device 100 or the controller 150 may receive the total power consumption of the grid and the power usage of the primary power area.

Next, the controller 150 determines whether to use the charger 50 arranged in the supportive power area 30 (S303). If there are multiple chargers 50, the controller 150 can determine whether to use each charger. If the charger 50 is not in use, the controller 150 performs step S307. The controller 150 compares the amount of power (S307). If Grid_Max is greater than Primary_Usage by comparing Grid_Max and Primary_Usage, the controller 150 determines the amount of ESS charging and proceeds with charging (S311).

Then, the controller 150 measures the State of Charge (SOC) of the ESS (S312) and ends charging if the SOC is greater than the reference value. Meanwhile, by measuring the SOC of the energy storage device 100 (S312) and repeating the process after S302 when the SOC is below the standard value, charging of the ESS can be controlled.

Meanwhile, if Grid_Max is less than Primary_Usage in S307, the controller 150 determines the amount of discharge power of the energy storage device 100 and controls the energy storage device 100 so that the energy storage device 100 discharges into the primary power area 40. Do it (S313). As a result, excess grid power is assisted by discharge of the energy storage device 100.

If the charger is in use in S303, the controller 150 measures the amount of power required for the charger (Charging_Request) (S304). At this time, it is assumed that the SOC of the ESS is above the standard value. Then, the controller 150 compares the amount of power (S305), comparing the sum of Charging_Request and Primary_Usage (Charging_Request+Primary_Usage) with Grid_Max.

As a result of the comparison, if Grid_Max is less than (Primary_Usage+Charging_Request), the controller 150 determines the amount of discharge power of the energy storage device 100 and causes the energy storage device 100 to discharge to the primary power area 40. ) is controlled (S313). As a result, excess grid power is assisted by discharge of the energy storage device 100.

Additionally, if Grid_Max is greater than (Primary_Usage+Charging_Request) as a result of the comparison in S305, the controller 150 checks whether the difference (the amount of spare power in the grid, see Equation 1 below) is more than the grid spare reference value (S306).

[Equation 1]

Free power in grid = Grid_Max - (Primary_Usage+Charging_Request)

If the amount of spare power in the grid is more than the grid spare reference value, the power amount is sufficient, so the controller 150 determines the amount of charging power of the energy storage device 100 and controls the energy storage device 100 to charge the energy storage device 100. Do it (S314). This means that the energy storage device 100 is charged with a sufficient amount of grid power.

On the other hand, if the amount of spare power in the grid is less than the grid spare reference value, there is a high possibility that the power demand of the supportive power area 30 and the primary power area 40 will not be met by the amount of power in the grid in the future, so the controller 150 The energy storage device 100 enters the discharge standby mode (S315).

In FIG. 8 , in steps S311 and S314 of charging the ESS, the controller 150 may perform a high current charging process of the battery. Additionally, the controller 150 continuously receives power measurement results in the primary power area, and when the spare power of the grid becomes low, the controller 150 can charge the battery at low current or enter a discharge standby mode as in S315. Of course, even in the discharge standby mode, the controller 150 can determine whether to charge the battery at low power or high current by monitoring the overall grid power situation and the SOC of the battery.

Figure 9 is a diagram showing the arrangement and operation of the ESS and charger according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 shows the arrangement of a vanadium ion battery ESS (VIB ESS) 100a, which is an embodiment of the ESS. The electricity supply process is in the order of the grid power source 10, the substation room 5, the power meter 205, and the power distribution device 20a, which uses the main distribution board as an example, and the VIB from the power distribution device 20a Electricity is supplied to the ESS (100a), the charger (50), and loads other than the ESS. A power meter 205 is placed on the grid main power line, and power meters 211, 212, and 220 may be placed for each line in each area 30a and 40a. Information on power consumption for each area and overall is transmitted to the VIB ESS (100a).

As previously seen in FIG. 8, the VIB ESS (100a) stores information on the maximum amount of power (Grid_Max) that can be used in the grid. Additionally, the VIB ESS (100a) may receive information about the amount of power supplied to loads other than the ESS (for example, the amount of power being used by 40a) from the power meter 220 disposed at 40a. Additionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the VIB ESS (100a) may receive the entire grid power consumption (Grid_Usage) from the power meter 205.

The reception method can be either periodic reception or real-time reception. In the case of periodicity, the period may be changed according to changes in the amount of power used in the primary power area 40a. For example, the controller 150 may set the reception period to 5 minutes at night when there is little change in power amount, and set the reception period to 1 minute during the day when there is a large change in power amount.

The VIB ESS (100a) may control charging or discharging of the VIB ESS (100a) so that grid power use can be optimized according to the amount of power used in the primary power area (40a). The driving modes of the VIB ESS (100a) include charging mode, discharging mode, and standby mode. In the case of charging mode, the VIB ESS (100a) determines the ESS charging amount, proceeds with charging according to the SOC standard value of the ESS, and then terminates the charging mode.

Additionally, the VIB ESS (100a) may assist with all or part of the amount of power output from the charger (50) (P11). For example, if the value obtained by subtracting the power usage of the primary power area (40a) from the grid maximum power amount (available power amount) is less than the power amount output from the charger 50 (a shortfall in the charger charging power amount occurs), VIB ESS (100a) It can support the amount of power that is short or more than the shortfall. In discharge mode, the VIB ESS (100a) can receive the entire grid power consumption from the power meter (205).

In addition, when Grid_Usage is Grid_Max or exceeds Grid_Max and grid power is cut off, VIB ESS (100a) can discharge the amount of power charged into the primary power area (40a). For example, when the VIB ESS 100a, like P10, discharges power to the power distribution device 20a, the power distribution device 20a can supply power to the primary power area 40a.

Additionally, the VIB ESS (100a) may assist all or part of the amount of power output from the charger 50 (P11). For example, if the value obtained by subtracting the total grid consumption power (Grid_Usage) from the grid maximum power amount (available power amount) is less than the power amount output from the charger 50 (a shortfall in the charger charging power amount occurs), the VIB ESS (100a) is responsible for the shortfall or It is possible to supplement the amount of power exceeding the shortfall.

When applying the embodiment of FIG. 9, the VIB ESS (100a) can optimize the amount of power in the grid according to the power usage situation in the grid. For example, the VIB ESS (100a) can assist in the amount of power to minimize losses due to excessive peak power and suppress grid overload.

Accordingly, the controller 150 of the VIB ESS 100a may determine either high current charging or low current charging of the battery after receiving the power measurement result of the primary power area. If the power amount in the primary power area is below a certain standard (for example, 80% or less) compared to the total grid usage, the VIB ESS (100a) can be quickly charged through high current charging.

Conversely, if the power amount in the primary power area exceeds a certain standard (e.g., exceeds 80%) compared to the entire grid usage, the VIB ESS (100a) is continuously charged through low-current charging to lower the load on the entire grid and later The charged power can be used to support grid power.

Figure 10 is a diagram showing the arrangement and operation of the ESS and charger according to another embodiment of the present invention. Unlike FIG. 9, the configuration of FIG. 10 is an embodiment in which the power distribution device 20a, which functions as a main distribution board, and the power distribution device 20b, which functions as an ESS distribution board, are separated. In addition, the power distribution device 20c, which functions as a DC distribution board (container) that supplies power to the VIB ESS 100b, is separately arranged.

The power distribution device 20c may be divided into one or more units, and the present invention is not limited to a specific power distribution device configuration method. The power distribution device 20c may be selectively arranged depending on the configuration and arrangement of the VIB ESS 100b.

Figure 10 shows the PMS (130b) and PCS (140b) separately, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the PMS (130b) and PCS (140b) may be configured within the VIB ESS (100b). The PMS (130b) can be integrated with the above-described controller 150 to control the driving mode, such as charging or discharging, of the VIB ESS (100b).

Additionally, the power bank 51 may also be a component of the charger 50 or a component independent of the charger 50, depending on how the invention is implemented. In the configuration of FIG. 9, the VIB ESS (100a) can assist the power of the entire grid. VIB ESS (100b) stores information about the maximum output amount of the power grid. And the VIB ESS (100b) can receive the entire grid power consumption from the power meter (205). Alternatively, the VIB ESS (100b) may receive measurements of load usage other than the ESS and determine the amount of power available for grid use. The VIB ESS (100b) may control charging or discharging of the VIB ESS (100b) by receiving information on the total amount of power consumed in the grid or by receiving measurements of load usage other than the ESS.

Loads other than the ESS indicate loads for power use other than the VIB ESS (100b) and charger (50), and are within the primary power area (40b), such as power use within buildings, power use at home, servers, subways, etc. means the load of

Information about the maximum grid power amount can be input to the VIB ESS (100b) in advance, and if the grid maximum power amount changes, the VIB ESS (100b) stores the changed value. The input value may be stored in the ESS (100b) and maintained for a certain period of time. VIB ESS (100b) can store grid maximum power amount (Grid_Max) information in a manner such as 380V AC/150KW.

When applying the embodiment of FIG. 10, the grid, such as the power source 10, supplies power to the energy storage device 100b, the charger 50, and other loads (loads other than the ESS) excluding the energy storage device and the charger. In addition, the energy storage device 100b includes one or more power meters 205, 211, 212, and 220 that measure the amount of power of the grid, energy storage device 100b, charger 50, and other loads (loads other than ESS). can do.

In addition, the controller of the energy storage device 100b determines charging or discharging of the energy storage module using one or more of the power amount of the grid or the power amount of other loads measured by the power meter (205, 211, 212, 220). , you can decide to supply power to the charger or other loads.

In the case of an embodiment in which the amount of power of the grid can be confirmed by the amount of power of other loads (loads other than the ESS), the energy storage device 100b uses the value measured by the power meter 220 placed in the load other than the ESS to measure the power of the energy storage module. You can decide to charge or discharge, or to supply power to a charger or other load.

On the other hand, when the power amount of the grid cannot be confirmed based on the power amount of other loads or when it is necessary to check the power amount of the grid in real time without error, the energy storage device 100b is measured by the power meter 205 placed in the power source 10. One value can be used to determine charging or discharging of an energy storage module, or supplying power to a charger or other load.

Figure 11 is a diagram showing the process in which the ESS operates in response to an increase in power use in the grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The controller 150 stores the maximum amount of power (Grid_Max) available in the grid (S321). This allows the aforementioned power source 10 to provide information regarding the maximum amount of power to the controller 150. Alternatively, the maximum power amount of the power source 10 may be input to the controller 150 in advance.

Afterwards, the power meter 220 measures the power usage (Primary_Usage) in the primary power area, and the controller 150 calculates the expected usage within N hours (S322). The controller 150 may accumulate and store power usage (Primary_Usage) information in the primary power area. The controller 150 monitors the power usage (Primary_Usage) of the primary power area in real time and calculates the expected usage within N hours when the power usage increases.

At this time, the controller 150 can calculate the expected usage amount by reflecting seasonal factors. In one embodiment, the controller 150 may calculate the expected usage based on information about the time period when the air conditioner is likely to be used in the space (building, house, etc.) (for example, 2 PM to 4 PM, etc.). there is.

As a result, the controller 150 may determine whether the current power usage (Primary_Usage) in the primary power area is within a stable range or below the standard value, but the expected usage within N hours is outside the stable range or exceeds the standard value (S323 ). In this case, the controller 150 enters a standby mode to support power usage (Primary_Usage) in the primary power area in preparation for an increase in power usage.

The controller 150 checks whether the charger 50 is in use (S324). When the charger 50 is in use, charging can be controlled to proceed only with grid power (S325). This is to preserve the power charged in the energy storage device 100 to support power use in the primary power area.

Additionally, when the charger 50 is not in use or when the charger 50 is charging only with grid power, the controller 150 measures the SOC of the energy storage device 100 (S326). As a result of the measurement, if the SOC of the energy storage device 100 is below the reference value (S327), charging of the energy storage device 100 is performed (S328).

When applying the process of FIG. 11, when the power usage (Primary_Usage) in the primary power area increases, the energy storage device 100 can provide power assistance.

Figure 12 is a diagram showing the configuration of an ESS according to another embodiment of the present invention. Power supplied from the outside is applied to the battery pack 110d via a ground fault device (GFD) 127d and a switch gear 125d. The detailed configuration of the switchgear 125d includes a switched-mode power supply (SMPS) 121d and a pack BMS 120d as an example. The pack BMS (120d) can perform control and sensing. It can control LEDs and relays and sense current and voltage. In FIG. 12, the switch gear 125d and the PMS 130d may form a controller.

Figure 13 is a diagram showing the configuration of a charger according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The charger control unit 550 controls the operation of the charger 50 and various components 510, 520, 530, and 540 that make up the charger 50.

The interface unit 510 provides interface rules so that the user can input or confirm information in the process of charging various devices such as electric vehicles and electric bicycles from the charger 50. The interface unit 510 may be composed of a touch screen and buttons.

The communication unit 520 transmits and receives information to and from external devices. The communication unit 520 may receive information about the current available power status and whether the input power is input from the grid or the ESS from the ESS 100 or the PMS 130. Additionally, the communication unit 520 may transmit information related to the current charging status of the charger 50 to the ESS 100 or the PMS 130. Alternatively, the communication unit 520 may transmit information related to the current charging situation to another charger.

The charging unit 530 charges other devices (electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electronic products, etc.). The power supply unit 540 receives power from the outside and provides it to the charging unit 530.

The charger control unit 550 outputs the amount, time, options, etc. related to charging to the interface unit 510 according to the source of power supplied to the power unit 540. The charger control unit 550 may control the charger 530 according to the source of power supplied to the power unit 540, the charging option set in the interface unit 510, etc.

The charger control unit 550 determines the charging amount or charging unit of charging time depending on the type of supply source. The charging unit 530 charges according to the time or amount selected in the interface unit 510.

By utilizing some or all of the features of the present invention, it is possible to analyze the power usage history that occurs during the user's charging process at an ESS or electric vehicle charging station, charge for the actual charged power, and analyze power usage status and check power loss. It can be used in a battery charging management system. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the battery charging management system as described above may include means for analyzing information on energy use or loss by identifying the use or consumption details of power transmitted from the ESS. This means of analyzing power usage information can solve not only abnormalities in the power transmitted from the ESS but also problems caused by the difference between the actual power used and the transmitted power.

In the ESS operation system, in order to perform various controls to ensure that power is supplied from the power grid to the battery of the ESS, various measurements, confirmations, monitoring and/or monitoring of the inside of the battery, the outside of the battery, the surrounding environment and the entire system must be performed at each stage (level). ) must be performed separately. According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring level may include four levels. Each level is connected by network communication lines and has the function of exchanging signals or issuing or executing commands.

Figure 14 is an example of applying some or all of the features of the present invention to the ESS security management system, and is a conceptual diagram illustrating the operational status management range when the monitoring level is configured as level 1 to level 4.

According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring level includes level 1 including a BMS directly connected to the battery; Level 2 including the level 1 and a master BMS connected to the level 1 BMS; Level 3, which includes the level 2 and includes a power management system (PMS) that controls one or more of heating, cooling, load, and grid; And it may include one or more of level 4, which includes level 3 and includes the highest level energy management system (EMS) that controls one or more of ESS and power systems in various regions. When configuring these monitoring levels into 4 levels, specifically, multiple levels can be configured as follows.

In the ESS battery charging management system that utilizes these four levels, power usage information related to actual charging power and other powers (e.g., heater power, BMS balancing power, V2L power, external outflow loss power, etc.) is collected. Battery charging management includes a power usage information collection unit, an information analysis unit that classifies or analyzes the information collected from the power usage information collection unit, and a charging execution unit to stop charging or control charging status based on the results of this analysis. It can be done.

Additionally, some or all of the features of the present invention can be utilized to apply it to an electric energy supply method and system. More specifically, an electric energy supply method that efficiently supplies power to an electric energy storage or electric energy consumption area including an energy storage system (ESS) through a grid that receives electricity from an electric power source, and electricity using the same. It is about energy supply devices and supply systems.

In addition, when supplying power from the grid and ESS, information on power consumption and remaining power can be collected and evaluated to efficiently control and manage the charging and discharging of the ESS and the supply of electric energy from the grid, thereby optimizing the power amount of the grid. This can optimize and minimize losses due to overpower or peak power, and suppress grid overload. In addition, since the complementary relationship between the grid and the ESS can be maintained, high output is possible even when the overall power supply of the grid is insufficient or a momentary power outage or power outage occurs, which has the advantage of enabling a stable supply and demand of system power.

Figure 15 shows a system for supplying power from the grid to the ESS and the power consumption area, controlling the power supply to the power consumption area and information on the consumable power obtained from the PMS of the ESS, and performing electric energy supply including ESS charging and discharging management. The system is shown by way of example.

It includes an ESS that receives power from the grid and performs charging and discharging, a charger that receives power from one or more power sources of the ESS or the grid, and auxiliary facilities that supply power from loads other than the ESS, but can output from the grid. Memorizing the maximum output power; Measuring or receiving the amount of power used by loads other than the ESS of auxiliary equipment; measuring the amount of power used in the grid; Based on the power information collected in each step above, an electric energy supply system including the step of controlling charging or discharging of the ESS can be provided.

For example, in the case of LIB, heat generation and battery life are affected at high output, but in the case of vanadium ion battery (VIB), stable high output is possible. In addition, in the case of LIB, there are limitations such as 1C charge and 1C discharge, but vanadium ion battery (VIB) is capable of controlling input and output flow with high output. For example, when a grid power outage occurs, ESS using vanadium ion battery (VIB) can control grid Since both the and the charger can be assisted with high output, very efficient ESS charging and discharging management is possible, especially in the case of ESS using vanadium ion batteries (VIB). In particular, in the case of a vanadium ion battery (VIB), there is no risk of fire due to overload, so when this vanadium ion battery (VIB) is applied to the ESS of the present invention, the electric energy supply system of the present invention ensures safety in various auxiliary facilities. It can be said to be a very effective power supply system in that it can be applied desirably. In addition, because the present invention enables safe and efficient energy supply, it can be used as a very effective, safe, and eco-friendly energy supply means for energy conservation, energy environment, and carbon neutrality.

Additionally, it is possible to perform High C-Rate output and cell balancing control according to the output by utilizing some or all of the features of the present invention.

Figure 16 shows the cases <1>, <2>, and <3>, in which charging and discharging of the ESS is performed at a high C-rate for a specific load, and exemplarily showing various cell deviations for cells of the battery inside the ESS. It is a concept diagram.

The present inventors recognized the problem of increasing cell deviation probability and deviation voltage during high C-rate charging/discharging. As a solution, the balancing current amount can be adjusted using pulse width modulation (PWM), which can be controlled by balancing the maximum current amount at a high C-rate or balancing the minimum current amount at a low C-rate.

As a result, the balancing current is dynamically controlled, making it possible to maintain a stable high C-rate. For example, if there are many cells in which cell deviation occurs, PWM control may be performed to achieve more balancing for specific cells.

The specific balancing method can be applied in various ways and is not limited, and it is fundamentally important to dynamically adjust the balancing current. In addition, the resistance value of the balancing current limiting element can be lowered as much as possible to protect the balancing switch element, and then the balancing current can be controlled through current control through PWM control.

In addition, the present inventors also recognized the problem that if the number of cells overdischarged increases during high C-rate charging/discharging, there may be a concern that the cell monitoring BMS may stop operating.

In the existing configuration or prior art, stable operation was impossible due to fluctuations in the input power of the BMS when high-output discharge was performed when using battery power. In other words, when the power supply to the BMS is cut off, the ESS power is usually cut off, causing many difficulties during high-output discharge. In addition, when using an external power source as in the existing/prior art technology, there is a problem of unit cost increase due to the addition of parts such as a large number of connector wires, the addition of the necessary manufacturing process, and the addition of overall costs.

As a solution, we focused on the fact that a boosting circuit can be configured so that the BMS can operate normally when only the minimum voltage is input. The battery voltage is primarily input, the input voltage is changed (boosted) to a voltage at which the BMS can operate, and then provided as the BMS power input.

As a result, the BMS can operate stably even when battery deviations occur, and the BMS can operate stably even when multiple over-discharged batteries occur. Since only a small number of elements are added to the internal circuit board of the BMS, the increase in unit cost is minimized and no additional processes are required. It is possible to implement.

Embodiments of the present invention may be described as follows.

At least some embodiments receive power from at least one of a power grid and an energy storage system (ESS) and perform an electric vehicle charging procedure through a charger,

Receives power from at least one of the power grid and the energy storage device (ESS) and performs the charging procedure through the charger, and charges the energy storage device (ESS) from the power grid or an energy storage device during the electric vehicle charging procedure. We present an electric vehicle charging method that allows switching from discharging to charging (ESS).

Here, some features of the present invention can perform charging switching after charging or discharging the ESS while charging an electric vehicle. This is to enable ESS charging to be carried out at the same time or together during electric vehicle charging in order to cope with vehicles charging at low speeds. The charging speed of an electric vehicle may be determined differently depending on the specifications, capacity, operation, commercial application, battery type, charging and discharging technology, etc. of the electric vehicle charging system. For example, some current electric vehicle charging systems define slow charging as taking about 10 hours or more, and fast charging as taking about 1 hour. However, the features of the present invention are fully applicable to systems with different charging speed values such as low speed, high speed, ultra high speed, slow speed, and rapid speed, and are not limited to the charging speed names or exemplary speed values presented as examples.

The electric vehicle charging procedure starts with a high-speed charging section first and then enters a low-speed charging section. In the high-speed charging section, the electric vehicle is mainly used to charge the electric vehicle, but the energy storage system (ESS) is not discharged. It assists the power grid, and in the low-speed charging section, charging of the energy storage device (ESS) is performed according to the state of the power grid.

Here, high-speed charging and low-speed charging are relative concepts and may vary depending on the power supply status of the power grid, the discharge status of the ESS, etc. Electric vehicle charging can be basically divided into three levels. Level 1 can be viewed as low-speed charging (~16A) that occurs when using a regular outlet. Level 2 is charging using 32A current, and when charging a vehicle with AC power, it is called slow charging in Korea. Level 3 supplies direct current of 400V or more, which is called fast charging in Korea. Therefore, this can mean that in the early stages of charging an electric vehicle, high-speed (rapid) charging occurs with a direct current supply with relatively high power and high speed, and in the latter half, low-speed (slow) charging occurs with an alternating current supply with relatively low power and slow speed. there is. Alternatively, high-speed or low-speed charging may be defined and judged using the concept of charge/discharge rate (C-rate).

The state of the power grid is related to the contracted power of the power grid, and surplus output of the power grid is used to charge the energy storage system (ESS).

Here, contract power may refer to the contract capacity promised with the power supplier, that is, the power company. When a power company supplies electricity to consumers, it determines supply conditions other than electricity rates according to electricity supply regulations. In other words, contracted power is the value converted from customer electric facilities into electric power and refers to the power that an electric power supplier (e.g. Korea Electric Power Corporation) agrees to supply to general consumers. Contracted power not only serves as a standard for calculating the basic facility charge among the customer-borne construction costs paid to the electricity supply business when applying for electricity use, but also serves as a standard when calculating the basic electricity rate.

Meanwhile, surplus output is variable depending on the state of the power grid. As an example, the excess power required in the system where ESS is installed can be viewed as surplus. In this case, according to the present invention, control is executed so that part or all of the detected surplus output of the power grid can be used for charging the ESS.

When the output of the charger falls below a reference value, the energy storage system (ESS) is charged with power provided from the power grid, and the reference value is related to the contract power of the power grid, and the surplus output of the power grid is used to charge the energy storage device (ESS).

Since there is a large change in the charging and discharging output of the energy storage device (ESS) depending on the state of the power grid, a battery capable of responding to a low to high output range is applied to the energy storage device (ESS). ) discharging or charging.

Here, low output and high output are relative concepts and may vary depending on the power supply status of the power grid, the discharge status of the ESS, etc. For example, in the early stages of charging an electric vehicle, the power is relatively high (i.e., high output) and high-speed (rapid) charging occurs through direct current supply, and in the latter half, the power is relatively low (i.e., low output) and low-speed (slow) charging occurs through alternating current supply. It can mean that it will come true.

An electric vehicle charging method, characterized in that both discharging and charging of the energy storage device (ESS) are performed during the electric vehicle charging procedure.

Here, both discharging and charging may mean that they are performed together. However, this does not necessarily mean that charging and discharging are performed simultaneously. In other words, this means that while the electric vehicle charging procedure is being performed, the ESS is discharged and charged.

In the charging process, the discharging and charging of the energy storage device (ESS) is determined by the state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage device (ESS) at the start of charging the electric vehicle and the energy storage device (SoC) at the end of charging the electric vehicle ( It is performed for a certain period of time so that the difference in the state of charge (SoC) of the ESS is adjusted to below a certain level.

Here, a certain level of state of charge (SoC) can be viewed as a condition that is satisfied if the level at the start/end of charging is within a certain range. For example, if the state of charge (SoC) at the start/end of charging is within 20% of each other, it may be considered as blocked below a certain level. Depending on the operation of the energy storage system (ESS), the percentage (%) or specific numerical range may be variable.

The charging process starts with a high-speed charging section first and then enters a low-speed charging section. In the high-speed charging section, power from the power grid is mainly used to charge the electric vehicle while discharging the energy storage system (ESS). This assists the power grid, and the predetermined time is the low-speed charging section.

In addition, in at least some embodiments, the power grid connected to the energy storage device (ESS) has the maximum amount of power, and the charger connected to the energy storage device (ESS) and the power grid has the amount of power required for charging the electric vehicle. In the system, if the required power amount is greater than or equal to the maximum power amount, a first step of charging the electric vehicle by discharging the energy storage device (ESS) for power in a range exceeding the maximum power amount; And if the required power amount is less than the maximum power amount, a second step of charging the energy storage system (ESS) with power in a range below the maximum power amount is presented.

The first stage is a high-speed charging section to charge the electric vehicle using mainly power from the power grid, and the energy storage system (ESS) assists the power grid, and the second step is a low-speed charging section to charge the electric vehicle. Discharging and charging of the energy storage device (ESS) are performed depending on the state.

It further includes comparing the maximum amount of power and the required amount of power to determine the state of the power grid.

By performing the first step and the second step, the state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage device (ESS) at the start of charging the electric vehicle and the charging of the energy storage device (ESS) at the end of charging the electric vehicle Minimize changes in state (SoC).

Here, minimization of change in state of charge (SoC) can be viewed as a condition that is satisfied when the relative amount of change at the start/end of charging is within a certain range. For example, if the change in state of charge (SoC) at the start/end of charging is within 10% of each other, the change may be considered to be in a minimal state. Depending on the operation of the energy storage system (ESS), the percentage (%) or specific numerical range may be variable.

The state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage device (ESS) is periodically detected, and charging is performed to a level that minimizes the change in the energy storage device (ESS) at the end of charging the electric vehicle.

Since the change in charging and discharging output of the energy storage device (ESS) is large depending on the state of the power grid, a battery capable of responding to a low output to high output range is applied to the energy storage device (ESS) for the first and second steps. Follow step 2:

The second step performs charging of the electric vehicle only with the power grid, and further includes a third step of determining charging of the energy storage system (ESS) by determining the state of the power grid while performing the second step. .

Additionally, at least some embodiments include at least one secondary battery capable of charging and discharging; an input unit that receives power from the power grid to charge the secondary battery; An output unit that discharges the secondary battery and provides the corresponding power to a charger for charging an electric vehicle; and is operatively connected to the secondary battery, the input unit, and the output unit to determine a state of charge (SoC) of the secondary battery at the start of charging the electric vehicle and a state of charge (SoC) of the secondary battery at the end of charging the electric vehicle. ) and a control unit that controls to maintain the same, receives power from at least one of the power grid and the energy storage device (ESS), performs the charging procedure through the charger, and receives power from the power grid during the electric vehicle charging procedure. We present an electric vehicle charging system that is capable of switching from charging the energy storage device (ESS) or discharging the energy storage device (ESS) to charging.

Here, maintaining a similar state of charge (SoC) can be viewed as a condition that is satisfied if the relative level/level at the start/end of charging is within a certain range. For example, if the state of charge (SoC) levels at the start/end of charging are within 15% of each other, it may be considered to be in a similarly maintained state. Depending on the operation of the energy storage system (ESS), the percentage (%) or specific numerical range may be variable.

The power grid compares the maximum power amount and the energy storage device (ESS) equipped with the secondary battery and the charger connected to the power grid with the required power amount required for charging an electric vehicle, and if the required power amount is greater than or equal to the maximum power amount, A first step of charging the electric vehicle by discharging the energy storage device (ESS) for a power exceeding the maximum power amount; And if the required amount of power is less than the maximum amount of power, the control unit provides control to perform a second step of charging the energy storage system (ESS) with power in a range below the maximum amount of power.

The first stage is a high-speed charging section to charge the electric vehicle using mainly power from the power grid, and the energy storage system (ESS) assists the power grid, and the second step is a low-speed charging section to charge the electric vehicle. The control unit provides control to perform both discharging and charging of the energy storage device (ESS) according to the state.

By providing the input unit, the output unit, and the control unit, the energy storage system (ESS) can be implemented with a secondary battery with a capacity smaller than that of an energy storage system (ESS) using a conventional lithium battery.

Here, smaller capacity compared to the existing LIB may mean that a secondary battery with a smaller capacity can be used so that the secondary battery can exhibit similar or equivalent performance, assuming that other conditions are the same.

Since the charging and discharging output of the secondary battery varies greatly depending on the state of the power grid, a vanadium ion battery (VIB) capable of responding to both low and high output is implemented as the secondary battery.

Additionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the power grid connected to the energy storage device (ESS) has the maximum amount of power, and the charger connected to the energy storage device (ESS) and the power grid has the amount of power required for charging an electric vehicle. In the electric vehicle charging system, if the required power amount is less than the maximum power amount, a second step of charging the energy storage system (ESS) with power in a range below the maximum power amount, wherein the power grid and the Receives power from at least one of the energy storage devices (ESS) and performs the charging procedure through the charger, and charges the energy storage device (ESS) or discharges the energy storage device (ESS) from the power grid during the electric vehicle charging procedure. We present an electric vehicle charging method that allows switching from to charging.

If the required amount of power is greater than or equal to the maximum amount of power, the method further includes charging the electric vehicle by discharging the energy storage system (ESS) for power in a range exceeding the maximum amount of power.

Even though all the components constituting the embodiment of the invention are described as being combined or operated in combination, the present invention is not necessarily limited to this embodiment, and within the scope of the purpose of the present invention, all the components are combined into one or more. It can also operate by selectively combining. In addition, although all of the components may be implemented as a single independent hardware, a program module in which some or all of the components are selectively combined to perform some or all of the functions of one or more pieces of hardware. It may also be implemented as a computer program having. The codes and code segments that make up the computer program can be easily deduced by a person skilled in the art of the present invention. Such a computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and read and executed by a computer, thereby implementing embodiments of the present invention. Storage media for computer programs include magnetic recording media, optical recording media, and storage media including semiconductor recording elements. Additionally, the computer program implementing the embodiment of the present invention includes a program module that is transmitted in real time through an external device.

The above-described embodiments should be understood in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention will be indicated by the claims to be described later rather than the detailed description given above. In addition, the meaning and scope of this patent claim, as well as all possible transformations and modifications derived from the equivalent concept, should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

120: main distribution board 130: power conversion device
140: VIB ESS 150: Charger
160: Electric vehicle 170: Load other than ESS

Claims (22)

Receives power from at least one of the power grid and energy storage system (ESS) and performs an electric vehicle charging procedure through a charger,
Receives power from at least one of the power grid and the energy storage device (ESS) and performs the charging procedure through the charger, and charges the energy storage device (ESS) from the power grid or an energy storage device during the electric vehicle charging procedure. A method of charging an electric vehicle, characterized in that it is possible to switch from discharging to charging (ESS). The method of claim 1, wherein the electric vehicle charging procedure starts with a high-speed charging section first and then enters a low-speed charging section, and in the high-speed charging section, power from the power grid is mainly used to charge the electric vehicle, but the energy storage device An electric vehicle charging method, wherein the electric vehicle (ESS) is discharged to assist the power grid, and in the low-speed charging section, the energy storage system (ESS) is charged according to the state of the power grid. The method of claim 2, wherein the state of the power grid is related to the contracted power of the power grid, and surplus output of the power grid is used to charge the energy storage system (ESS). The method of claim 1, wherein when the output of the charger falls below a reference value, the energy storage system (ESS) is charged with power provided from the power grid,
The reference value is related to the contracted power of the power grid, and the surplus output of the power grid is used to charge the energy storage system (ESS). According to claim 1, since the change in charging and discharging output of the energy storage device (ESS) is large depending on the state of the power grid, a battery capable of responding to a low output to high output range is applied to the energy storage device (ESS). A method of charging an electric vehicle, characterized in that discharging or charging the energy storage device (ESS). The method of claim 1, wherein both discharging and charging of the energy storage device (ESS) are performed during the electric vehicle charging procedure. The method of claim 1, wherein the discharging and charging of the energy storage device (ESS) in the charging process is determined by the state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage device (ESS) at the start of charging the electric vehicle and the state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage device (ESS) at the start of charging the electric vehicle. A method of charging an electric vehicle, characterized in that it is performed for a certain period of time so that the difference in the state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage device (ESS) is adjusted to below a certain level. The method of claim 7, wherein the charging process starts with a high-speed charging section first and then enters a low-speed charging section, and in the high-speed charging section, power from the power grid is mainly used to charge the electric vehicle, and the energy storage device ( An electric vehicle charging method, characterized in that the power grid is assisted by discharging the ESS, and the predetermined time is the low-speed charging section. In the electric vehicle charging system, the power grid connected to the energy storage device (ESS) has the maximum amount of power, and the charger connected to the energy storage device (ESS) and the power grid has the amount of power required for charging the electric vehicle,
If the required power amount is greater than or equal to the maximum power amount, a first step of charging the electric vehicle by discharging the energy storage system (ESS) for power in a range exceeding the maximum power amount; and
If the required amount of power is less than the maximum amount of power, a second step of charging the energy storage system (ESS) with power in a range below the maximum amount of power. The method of claim 9, wherein the first step is a high-speed charging section to charge the electric vehicle using mainly power from the power grid, and the energy storage system (ESS) assists the power grid, and the second step is a low-speed charging section. An electric vehicle charging method, characterized in that the energy storage system (ESS) is discharged and charged according to the state of the power grid as a charging section. The method of claim 10, further comprising comparing the maximum amount of power and the required amount of power to determine the state of the power grid. The method of claim 9, wherein the first step and the second step are performed to determine the state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage device (ESS) at the start of charging the electric vehicle and the energy storage at the end of charging the electric vehicle. An electric vehicle charging method characterized by minimizing changes in the state of charge (SoC) of the device (ESS). The method of claim 12, wherein the state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage device (ESS) is periodically detected and the energy storage device (ESS) is charged to a level that minimizes the change at the end of charging the electric vehicle. A method of charging an electric vehicle, characterized in that: According to claim 9, since the change in charging and discharging output of the energy storage device (ESS) is large depending on the state of the power grid, a battery capable of responding to a low output to high output range is applied to the energy storage device (ESS). An electric vehicle charging method, characterized in that performing the first step and the second step. The method of claim 9, wherein the second step performs charging of the electric vehicle using only the power grid, and a second step determines charging of the energy storage system (ESS) by determining the state of the power grid during the second step. An electric vehicle charging method comprising three more steps. At least one secondary battery capable of charging and discharging;
an input unit that receives power from the power grid to charge the secondary battery;
An output unit that discharges the secondary battery and provides the corresponding power to a charger for charging an electric vehicle; and
The secondary battery, the input unit, and the output unit are operatively connected to determine a state of charge (SoC) of the secondary battery at the start of charging the electric vehicle and a state of charge (SoC) of the secondary battery at the end of charging the electric vehicle. It includes a control unit that controls to keep it similar,
Receives power from at least one of the power grid and the energy storage device (ESS) and performs the charging procedure through the charger, and charges the energy storage device (ESS) from the power grid or an energy storage device during the electric vehicle charging procedure. An electric vehicle charging system capable of switching from discharging to charging (ESS). According to clause 16,
The power grid compares the maximum power amount and the energy storage system (ESS) equipped with the secondary battery and the charger connected to the power grid with the amount of power required to charge the electric vehicle,
If the required power amount is greater than or equal to the maximum power amount, a first step of charging the electric vehicle by discharging the energy storage system (ESS) for power in a range exceeding the maximum power amount; and
If the required amount of power is less than the maximum amount of power, the control unit provides control to perform a second step of charging the energy storage system (ESS) with a power in a range below the maximum amount of power. Electric vehicle charging system. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first step is a high-speed charging section to charge the electric vehicle primarily using power from the power grid, and the energy storage system (ESS) assists the power grid, and the second step is a low-speed charging section. An electric vehicle charging system, wherein the control unit provides control to perform both discharging and charging of the energy storage system (ESS) according to the state of the power grid as a charging section. The method of claim 16, wherein by providing the input unit, the output unit, and the control unit, the energy storage system (ESS) can be implemented with a secondary battery having a capacity smaller than that of an energy storage system (ESS) using an existing lithium battery. An electric vehicle charging system that can be used. The method of claim 16, wherein a vanadium ion battery (VIB) capable of responding to both low and high outputs is implemented as the secondary battery because the charging and discharging output of the secondary battery varies greatly depending on the state of the power grid. Electric vehicle charging system. In the electric vehicle charging system, the power grid connected to the energy storage device (ESS) has the maximum amount of power, and the charger connected to the energy storage device (ESS) and the power grid has the amount of power required for charging the electric vehicle,
If the required power amount is less than the maximum power amount, a second step of charging the energy storage device (ESS) with power in a range below the maximum power amount,
Receives power from at least one of the power grid and the energy storage device (ESS) and performs the charging procedure through the charger, and charges the energy storage device (ESS) from the power grid or an energy storage device during the electric vehicle charging procedure. A method of charging an electric vehicle, characterized in that it is possible to switch from discharging to charging (ESS). The method of claim 22, wherein when the required amount of power is greater than or equal to the maximum amount of power, a first step of charging the electric vehicle by discharging the energy storage system (ESS) for power in a range exceeding the maximum amount of power. An electric vehicle charging method further comprising:

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