KR20230157833A - Electronic apparatus performing battery estimation and operating method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of operating an electronic device is disclosed. One embodiment charges a battery in a CC charging mode, repeatedly updates the full SOC of the battery while charging the battery in the CC charging mode, and when the measured voltage value of the battery is greater than or equal to a cutoff voltage value, the CC Switch from charging mode to CV charging mode, charge the battery in the CV charging mode, and update the full SOC repeatedly while charging the battery in the CV charging mode.

Description

Electronic device for performing battery state estimation and operating method thereof {ELECTRONIC APPARATUS PERFORMING BATTERY ESTIMATION AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF}

The disclosure below relates to electronic devices and methods for estimating battery status thereof.

The state of the battery can be estimated for optimal operation of the battery, and there are various methods for estimating the state of the battery. For example, the state of a battery may be estimated by integrating the current of the battery or may be estimated using a battery model (eg, an electric circuit model, or an electrochemical model).

A method of operating an electronic device according to one aspect includes charging a battery in a constant current (CC) charging mode; repeatedly updating a full charge state of charge (SOC) of the battery while charging the battery in the CC charging mode; When the measured voltage value of the battery is greater than a cut off voltage value, switching from the CC charging mode to a constant voltage (CV) charging mode and charging the battery in the CV charging mode; and repeatedly updating the full SOC while charging the battery in the CV charging mode.

Repeatedly updating the full SOC in the CC charging mode includes determining whether the battery has reached a point for updating the full SOC; When the battery reaches the point, calculating an average resistance value of the battery during a certain period before reaching the point; updating the full SOC based on correlation information between SOC and OCV, the calculated average resistance value, cutoff current value, and cutoff voltage value; setting a next point for updating the full SOC; and when the battery reaches the set next point, based on the average resistance value of the battery during the section between the point and the set next point, the correlation information, the cutoff current value, and the cutoff voltage value. The step of updating the full SOC again may be included.

Calculating the average resistance value includes calculating a resistance value using the measured voltage value, estimated OCV value, and measured current value of the battery at each of several points in time within the predetermined period; And it may include calculating the average resistance value by averaging each of the calculated resistance values.

The step of updating the full SOC based on the correlation information, the calculated average resistance value, the cutoff current value, and the cutoff voltage value includes multiplying the calculated average resistance value and the cutoff current value. ; predicting a difference between the cutoff voltage value and the multiplication result as OCV when the battery is fully charged; and determining a SOC corresponding to the predicted OCV using the correlation information, and updating the full SOC according to the determined SOC.

The step of repeatedly updating the full charge SOC in the CV charging mode includes comparing the first measured current value of the battery charged in the CV charging mode with a current value of a preset starting point, so that the battery reaches the preset starting point. A step of determining whether has been reached; setting a point for updating the full SOC when the battery reaches the preset starting point; determining whether the battery has reached the set point; When the battery reaches the set point, predicting a full charge time of the battery and predicting the remaining SOC until the battery is fully charged based on the predicted full charge time; and updating the full SOC based on the predicted remaining SOC.

The step of repeatedly updating the full SOC in the CV charging mode includes setting a next point for updating the full SOC; When the battery company reaches the set next point, predicting the full charge time of the battery again, and re-predicting the remaining SOC remaining until the full charge of the battery based on the re-predicted full charge time; And it may include updating the full SOC again based on the re-predicted remaining SOC.

Predicting the remaining SOC includes converting a first time value when the battery reaches the preset starting point, a second time value when the battery reaches the set point, and the first measured current value. predicting the full charge point based on a value, a converted value of a result obtained by subtracting a certain value from the first measured current value, and a converted value of the cutoff current value; and predicting the remaining SOC based on the predicted full charge point, the second time value, the result value, and the cutoff current value.

The conversion value of the first measured current value, the conversion value of the result value, and the conversion value of the cutoff current value are each converted to a logarithmic scale of the first measurement current value, the result value, and the cutoff current value. The converted value can be displayed.

Predicting the full charge time may include calculating a first difference between a converted value of the cutoff current value and a converted value of the first measured current value; calculating a second difference between the converted value of the resultant value and the converted value of the first measured current value; calculating a third difference between the second time value and the first time value; It may include predicting the full charge point using the calculated first difference value, the calculated second difference value, the calculated third difference value, and the first time value.

A method of updating the full SOC in the CC charging section and a method of updating the full SOC in the CV charging section may be different.

The operating method includes updating the ASOC of the battery using a battery model; determining whether the battery is fully charged; When the battery is fully charged, determining the RSOC of the battery using the most recently updated full SOC, the updated ASOC, and unusable SOC; And it may further include providing the determined RSOC to the user.

A method of operating an electronic device according to another aspect includes charging a battery in a CC charging mode; updating the full SOC of the battery according to a first method while charging the battery in the CC charging mode; When the measured voltage value of the battery is greater than the cutoff voltage value, switching from the CC charging mode to the CV charging mode and charging the battery in the CV charging mode; and updating the full SOC according to a second method different from the first method while charging the battery in the CV charging mode.

Updating the full SOC according to the first method includes determining whether the battery has reached a point for updating the full SOC; When the battery reaches the point, calculating an average resistance value of the battery during a certain period before reaching the point; and updating the full SOC based on correlation information between SOC and OCV, the calculated average resistance value, cutoff current value, and cutoff voltage value.

Calculating the average resistance value includes calculating a resistance value using the measured voltage value, estimated OCV value, and measured current value of the battery at each of several points in time within the predetermined period; And it may include calculating the average resistance value by averaging each of the calculated resistance values.

The step of updating the full SOC based on the correlation information, the calculated average resistance value, the cutoff current value, and the cutoff voltage value includes multiplying the calculated average resistance value and the cutoff current value. ; predicting a difference between the cutoff voltage value and the multiplication result as OCV when the battery is fully charged; and determining a SOC corresponding to the predicted OCV using the correlation information, and updating the full SOC according to the determined SOC.

The step of updating the full charge SOC according to the second method is to compare the first measured current value of the battery charged in the CV charging mode with the current value of the preset starting point, so that the battery reaches the preset starting point. A step of determining whether it has been reached; setting a point for updating the full SOC when the battery reaches the preset starting point; determining whether the battery has reached the set point; When the battery reaches the set point, predicting a full charge time of the battery and predicting the remaining SOC until the battery is fully charged based on the predicted full charge time; and updating the full SOC based on the predicted remaining SOC.

Predicting the remaining SOC includes converting a first time value when the battery reaches the preset starting point, a second time value when the battery reaches the set point, and the first measured current value. predicting the full charge point based on a value, a converted value of a result obtained by subtracting a certain value from the first measured current value, and a converted value of the cutoff current value; and predicting the remaining SOC based on the predicted full charge point, the second time value, the result value, and the cutoff current value.

The conversion value of the first measured current value, the conversion value of the result value, and the conversion value of the cutoff current value are each converted to a logarithmic scale of the first measurement current value, the result value, and the cutoff current value. The converted value can be displayed.

Predicting the full charge time may include calculating a first difference between a converted value of the cutoff current value and a converted value of the first measured current value; calculating a second difference between the converted value of the resultant value and the converted value of the first measured current value; calculating a third difference between the second time value and the first time value; It may include predicting the full charge point using the calculated first difference value, the calculated second difference value, the calculated third difference value, and the first time value.

The operating method includes updating the ASOC of the battery using a battery model; determining whether the battery is fully charged; When the battery is fully charged, determining the RSOC of the battery using the most recently updated full SOC, the updated ASOC, and the dead SOC; And it may further include providing the determined RSOC to the user.

An electronic device according to one aspect includes a battery; A charger that charges the battery in CC charging mode and, when certain conditions are met, charges the battery in CV charging mode; updating the full SOC of the battery according to a first method while charging the battery in the CC charging mode, updating the full SOC according to a second method while charging the battery in the CV charging mode, and finally a first circuit that determines the RSOC of the battery using the updated full SOC, the ASOC of the battery, and the dead SOC of the battery; and a processor that receives the determined RSOC from the first circuit and provides the received RSOC to a user.

In the first method, the first circuit determines whether the battery has reached a point for updating the full SOC, and when the battery has reached the point, the first circuit determines whether the battery has reached the point for updating the full SOC and The average resistance value of the battery may be calculated, and the full SOC may be updated based on correlation information between SOC and OCV, the calculated average resistance value, cutoff current value, and cutoff voltage value.

In the second method, the first circuit compares the first measured current value of the battery being charged in the CV charging mode with the current value of the preset starting point to determine whether the battery has reached the preset starting point. Determine, and when the battery reaches the preset starting point, set a point for updating the full charge SOC, determine whether the battery has reached the set point, and determine whether the battery reaches the set point. When it has been reached, the full charge time of the battery can be predicted, the remaining SOC remaining until the full charge of the battery is predicted based on the predicted full charge time, and the full SOC can be updated based on the predicted remaining SOC.

The first circuit repeatedly updates the full SOC of the battery according to the first method while charging the battery in the CC charging mode, and according to the second method while charging the battery in the CV charging mode. The full charge SOC of the battery can be updated repeatedly.

1 is a diagram for explaining an electronic device according to an embodiment.
2 to 3C are diagrams for schematically explaining ASOC estimation, full SOC (SOCmax) estimation, and RSOC estimation of an electronic device according to an embodiment.
4A to 4B show the SOCmax of the electronic device in the first charging section according to an embodiment. This diagram is for explaining the estimation operation (or update operation).
5 to 7 show the SOCmax of the electronic device in the second charging section according to an embodiment. This is a diagram to explain performing an estimation operation (or update operation).
Figures 8 and 9 are flowcharts for explaining a SOCmax estimation operation (or update operation) of an electronic device according to an embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of an example of an electronic device according to an embodiment.
Figure 11 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of a first circuit of an electronic device according to an embodiment.
Figure 12 is a diagram for explaining a vehicle according to an embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart explaining a method of operating an electronic device according to an embodiment.

Specific structural or functional descriptions of the embodiments are disclosed for illustrative purposes only and may be changed and implemented in various forms. Accordingly, the actual implementation form is not limited to the specific disclosed embodiments, and the scope of the present specification includes changes, equivalents, or substitutes included in the technical idea described in the embodiments.

Terms such as first or second may be used to describe various components, but these terms should be interpreted only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another component. For example, a first component may be named a second component, and similarly, the second component may also be named a first component.

When a component is referred to as being “connected” to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected or connected to the other component, but that other components may exist in between.

Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this specification, terms such as “comprise” or “have” are intended to designate the presence of the described features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, and are intended to indicate the presence of one or more other features or numbers, It should be understood that this does not exclude in advance the possibility of the presence or addition of steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art. Terms as defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with the meanings they have in the context of the related technology, and unless clearly defined in this specification, should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense. No.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. In the description with reference to the accompanying drawings, identical components will be assigned the same reference numerals regardless of the reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions thereof will be omitted.

1 is a diagram for explaining an electronic device according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the electronic device 100 according to one embodiment includes a battery 110, a state estimator 120, and a charger 130.

The electronic device 100 is a device that uses the battery 110, for example, a mobile phone, smart phone, tablet, laptop, personal computer, e-book device, smart watch, smart glasses, head-mounted display (HMD), It could be a smart speaker, smart TV, or smart refrigerator, electric vehicle, autonomous vehicle, smart kiosk, internet of things (IoT) device, walking assist device (WAD), drone, or robot.

Battery 110 may be one or more battery cells, battery modules, or battery packs.

The charger 130 charges the battery 110. Although not shown in FIG. 1, the electronic device 100 may be connected to an adapter by a wire, for example. The charger 130 can charge the battery 110 by receiving power from an adapter. It is not limited to this, and the electronic device 100 may be wirelessly connected to a wireless charger.

The charger 130 may charge the battery 110 in the first charging mode, and if a certain condition is satisfied while charging the battery 110 in the first charging mode (e.g., the voltage of the battery 110 is cut-off (if the voltage exceeds the cut-off), the battery 110 can be charged in the second charging mode. The first charging mode may be a constant current (CC) charging mode or a multi-step CC (MCC) charging mode, and the second charging mode may be a constant voltage (CV) charging mode. The CC charging mode may represent a mode in which the charger 130 charges the battery 110 with one level of constant current, and the MCC charging mode may represent a mode in which the charger 130 charges the battery 110 with multiple levels of constant current. can represent. In the MCC charging mode, the charging current of the battery 110 may be gradually reduced. The CV charging mode may represent a mode in which the charger 130 charges the battery 110 with a constant voltage. In CV charging mode, the charging current of battery 110 may decrease.

The state estimator 120 may measure the battery 110 using one or more sensors (eg, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, etc.). In other words, the state estimator 120 may collect measurement data of the battery 110. Measurement data may include, for example, voltage data, current data, and/or temperature data.

The state estimator 120 may determine or estimate state information of the battery 110 based on measurement data. State information may include, for example, absolute state of charge (ASOC), relative state of charge (RSOC), unusable SOC, state of health (SOH), and/or abnormality state information. .

2 to 3C are diagrams for schematically explaining ASOC estimation, full SOC (SOCmax) estimation, and RSOC estimation of an electronic device according to an embodiment.

SOC is the currently available capacity compared to the total capacity of the battery designed based on OCV (open-circuit voltage) standards, and can be expressed as Equation 1 below. SOC can be determined based on the OCV graph shown in FIG. 2. V _max in FIG. 2 represents the full charge voltage, which is the voltage at which the battery is fully charged, and V _min represents the end of discharging voltage (EDV), which is the voltage at which the battery is fully discharged based on OCV. For example, V _min may represent the voltage set by the manufacturer to prevent the battery from discharging further.

In Equation 1 above, Q _max is the total capacity of the battery designed based on the OCV standard and represents the designed capacity, and Q _passed represents the battery capacity used to date. Therefore, “Q _max - Q _passed ” may indicate the currently available capacity on an OCV basis. This SOC can represent absolute SOC that is independent of the discharge current, so it can be referred to as ASOC (absolute SOC). It can also represent the SOC of the battery in its current state, so it can also be referred to as current SOC.

Referring to FIG. 3A, the state estimator 120 (or the electronic device 100) may input measurement data of the battery 110 into the electrochemical model 310, and determine the battery ( 110) ASOC and voltage can be estimated. The state estimator 120 may obtain the ASOC of the battery 110 and the estimated voltage of the battery 110 using the electrochemical model 310. If the difference between the estimated voltage of the battery 110 and the measured voltage of the battery 110 is within a certain range, the state estimator 120 determines that the electrochemical model 310 is accurately estimating the ASOC of the battery 110. can do. If the difference between the estimated voltage of battery 110 and the measured voltage of battery 110 is outside a certain range, state estimator 120 causes electrochemical model 310 to incorrectly (or incorrectly) estimate the ASOC of battery 110. It can be judged that it is being calculated. In this case, the state estimator 120 may perform a correction operation to ensure that the difference between the estimated voltage of the battery 110 and the measured voltage of the battery 110 is within a certain range. For example, the state estimator 120 may use the difference between the estimated voltage of the battery 110 and the measured voltage of the battery 110 to determine the amount of change in the state of the battery 110 (e.g., △SOC) that needs to be corrected. , the internal state (e.g., lithium ion concentration distribution) of the electrochemical model 310 can be updated using the determined state change amount. The state estimator 120 can more accurately estimate the ASOC of the battery 110 through the updated electrochemical model 310. The difference between the estimated voltage of the battery 110 output by the updated electrochemical model 310 and the measured voltage of the battery 110 may be within a certain range.

The ASOC estimation operation based on the electrochemical model 310 is described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021-0116510, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The state estimator 120 may periodically update the ASOC of the battery 110 using the electrochemical model 310 while the battery 110 is being charged.

Returning to Figure 2, the battery 110 can be discharged by applying current to a connected load. In this way, in actual use cases, RSOC based on Under Load voltage can be used rather than SOC based on OCV. RSOC is the currently available capacity compared to the total available capacity based on the voltage in the current applied state, and can represent the available capacity from the user's perspective. RSOC can be determined by Equation 2 below based on the Under Load graph shown in FIG. 2.

In Equation 2 above, Q _usable is the total usable capacity based on the voltage in the current applied state when a load is connected to the battery 110, and represents FCC (full charge capacity). Q _usable is Q _max and It can be determined as the difference between Q _unusable (i.e. Q _max -Q _unusable ). Q _unusable may indicate unusable capacity as further discharge is limited as the battery connected to the load reaches the discharge limit voltage. Q _unusable may vary depending on the current magnitude, temperature, and/or deterioration state of the battery.

For example, when a load is connected to the battery 110 and current is output from the battery 110, the output voltage of the battery 110 becomes lower than the OCV, so the Under Load graph in FIG. 2 may have a smaller value than the OCV graph. . In other words, the larger the current output from the battery 110, the larger the gap between the Under Load graph and the OCV graph may be. As the current output from the battery 110 increases, Q _unusable may also increase.

In order to accurately predict the RSOC of the battery 110, Q _usable and Q _passed must be accurately predicted. However, as explained previously, Q _usable is determined based on Q _unusable , which is affected by current size and temperature, so accurate prediction may be difficult, so RSOC can be determined by an equation based on SOC rather than Q, as shown in Equation 2. RSOC can be determined based on SOC and SOC _unusable . Here, SOC represents ASOC determined through Equation 1, and SOC _unusable may represent SOC when the battery 110 is discharged by applying current and reaches the discharge lower limit voltage. SOC _unusable is the SOC at the discharge limit voltage, which may vary depending on the current size, temperature, and/or deterioration state of the battery. SOC _unusable may also be referred to as SOCEDV.

The state estimator 120 may determine (or estimate) the RSOC of the battery 110 while updating the SOC _unusable during the immediately preceding discharge of the battery 110. The state estimator 120 may use the most recently updated SOC _unusable from the immediately preceding discharge of the battery 110 to determine (or estimate) the RSOC during charging of the battery 110. The SOC _unusable used during charging of the battery 110 may be fixed.

Full charge conditions may vary depending on the use or charging conditions of the battery 110 (e.g., charging temperature, degree of battery deterioration, etc.). For example, when charging the battery 110, the size of the resistance may change depending on the charging temperature or the degree of battery deterioration, and the change in resistance may cause the full charge SOC (SOCmax) and full charge condition (e.g., the change in battery 110). The conditions under which the voltage reaches the cutoff voltage and the conditions under which the battery's charging current reaches the cutoff current may change. The SOCmax of the battery 110 may change depending on the charging conditions of the battery 110, so Equation 2 above can be changed to Equation 3 below.

When charging conditions (e.g. charging temperature, etc.) are constant, SOCmax can be used as a constant (e.g. 1) as in Equation 2 above, but in actual use environments where charging conditions vary, SOCmax is as in Equation 3 above. , can be a variable. When SOCmax is used as a constant, a difference may occur between the estimated RSOC and RSOC_ref during charging of the battery 110, as in the example shown in FIG. 3B. Here, RSOC_ref is a reference RSOC and may indicate an RSOC corresponding to true. When the battery 110 reaches a full charge condition, an RSOC jump may occur. In the example shown in FIG. 3B, when battery 110 reaches a full charge condition, the RSOC may not actually be estimated at 100%; the RSOC may jump to 100% to inform the user that it is full. In this case, an inaccurate RSOC may be provided to the user.

State estimator 120 (or electronic device 100) may repeatedly update (or estimate) SOCmax while charging battery 110. The state estimator 120 uses the effective resistance in the first charging section to determine SOCmax The SOCmax update may be performed by performing an update and/or using a current attenuation characteristic in the second charging section. Here, the first charging section may represent a section in which the charger 120 charges the battery 110 in a first charging mode (e.g., CC charging mode or multi-step CC charging mode), and the second charging section may represent a section in which the charger 120 charges the battery 110 in a first charging mode (e.g., CC charging mode or multi-step CC charging mode). 120 may indicate a section in which the battery 110 is charged in the second charging mode (eg, CV charging mode). The state estimator 120 may estimate RSOC based on the updated SOCmax during the first charging period and/or the second charging period. As in the example shown in FIG. 3C, during charging of battery 110, substantially no difference between RSOC and RSOC_ref may occur, and when battery 110 reaches a full charge condition, no RSOC jump may occur. there is. Accordingly, the state estimator 120 according to an embodiment can estimate the RSOC more accurately and provide an accurate RSOC to the user.

Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 4A to 4B, the state estimator 120 determines SOCmax in the first charging section. Performing an estimation operation (or update operation) will be described, and with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7, the state estimator 120 determines the SOCmax in the second charging section. Performing an estimation operation (or update operation) will be described.

4A to 4B show the SOCmax of the electronic device in the first charging section according to an embodiment. This diagram is for explaining the estimation operation (or update operation).

Referring to Figure 4A, a graph of charging SOC over time is shown. In FIG. 4A, the charging SOC may represent RSOC or ASOC.

In the example shown in FIG. 4A, the state estimator 120 may set the initial value of SOCmax in the first charging section. As in the example shown in FIG. 4B, the state estimator 120 may set the initial value of SOCmax at the charging start point 410. For example, the state estimator 120 may find the SOCmax corresponding to the current temperature (e.g., the measured temperature of the battery 110) in the temperature-SOCmax table and set the found SOCmax as the initial value of SOCmax. As another example, when the charging of the first charging section and the second charging section of FIG. 4A is referred to as currently charging, the most recently updated SOCmax from the charging immediately preceding the current charging may be stored in the memory. The state estimator 120 may refer to the memory and set the SOCmax most recently updated in the previous charge as the SOCmax initial value. For convenience of explanation, the initial value of SOCmax is referred to as SOC #1. In section 1 (the section between the charging start point 410 and CC check point 1 411), the initial SOCmax value (SOC #1) can be maintained.

The electronic device 100 may calculate what the SOC (or voltage) of the battery 110 is in order to request power (e.g., CC power) from an external power device (e.g., adapter or wireless power transmitter). At this time, the calculated SOC may correspond to the charging start point 410. The charging start point 410 is not limited to what was described above, and the charging start point 410 indicates when the electronic device 100 is connected to an external power device or begins to receive power from an external power device. It can be expressed.

For convenience of explanation, let's assume that the SOC value and time value of the charging start point 410 are "SOC value ₀ " and "t ₀ ", respectively.

The state estimator 120 may set CC check point 1 (411) corresponding to the point (or position) at which SOCmax is updated in the first charging section based on a constant SOC interval (ΔSOC) or a constant time interval (Δt). . For example, the state estimator 120 may set the point where the SOC value (i.e., SOC value ₀ ) of the charging start point 410 increases by ΔSOC (e.g., 20% or 0.2) as CC check point 1 (411). . In this case, the SOC value of CC check point 1 (411) may be “SOC value ₀ +ΔSOC.” As another example, the state estimator 120 may set the point at which the time value (i.e., t ₀ ) of the charging start point 410 increases by Δt (e.g., 10 minutes) as CC check point 1 (411). In this case, the time value of CC check point 1 411 may be “t ₀ +Δt”.

The state estimator 120 calculates a resistance value (R _t ) (or an effective resistance value) based on the measured voltage value _t , the estimated OCV value _t , and the measured current value _t of the battery 110 at each time point of section 1. ) can be calculated. The state estimator 120 can calculate the resistance value (R _t ) through Equation 4 below.

In Equation 4 above, t may represent the index of each time point.

The estimated OCV value _t may represent the OCV corresponding to the ASOC of the battery 110 in the SOC-OCV table. The state estimator 120 can find the OCV corresponding to the ASOC of the battery 110 in the SOC-OCV table and determine the found OCV as the estimated OCV value of the battery 100 at time t (i.e., the estimated OCV value _t ). You can.

As the battery 110 is charged, the SOC of charge of the battery 110 may increase, and the state estimator 120 may determine the state of the battery 110 (or the state of the battery 110 (e.g., the SOC of charge of the battery 110 or It can be determined whether the charging time) has reached CC check point 1 (411). For example, the state estimator 120 determines when the charging SOC of the battery 110 is greater than or equal to the SOC value (SOC value ₀ +ΔSOC) of CC check point 1 411 or when the charging time of the battery 110 is CC check point 1 ( If the time value (t ₀ +Δt) of 411) or more, it may be determined that the battery 110 has reached CC check point 1 (411).

State estimator 120 may update SOCmax when battery 110 (or the state of battery 110) reaches CC check point 1 (411). In one embodiment, the state estimator 120 averages the resistance value (R _t ) (or effective resistance value) calculated at each time point in section 1 to derive the average resistance value (or average effective resistance value) in section 1. can do. For example, when R ₁ to R _M are calculated during section 1, the state estimator 120 may average R ₁ to R _M to derive the average resistance value in section 1. The state estimator 120 performs SOCmax update using the average resistance value in section 1, the cutoff current value (I _{cut_off} ), the cutoff voltage value (V _{cut_off} ), and the correlation information between SOC and OCV. You can. For example, the state estimator 120 may multiply the average resistance value and the cutoff current value in section 1, and use the difference between the result of the multiplication and the cutoff voltage value as OCV when the battery 110 is fully charged. It can be predicted with (OCVmax). The state estimator 120 can predict the OCVmax of the battery 110 at CC check point 1 411 using Equation 5 below.

The state estimator 120 can estimate SOCmax at CC check point 1 411 or calculate the SOCmax estimate value through Equation 6 below.

In Equation 6 above, f() is an example of correlation information between SOC and OCV and can represent a function for calculating SOCmax using OCVmax as a factor or a SOC-OCV curve. Another example of correlation information between SOC and OCV may be a SOC-OCV table.

For convenience of explanation, when the SOCmax estimated at CC check point 1 411 is SOC #2, the state estimator 120 may update SOCmax from the initial value (SOC #1) to SOC #2.

The state estimator 120 may determine (or calculate) the RSOC of the battery 110 at CC check point 1 411 using ASOC ₁ , updated SOCmax, and SOC _unusable of the battery 110. For example, the state estimator 120 substitutes SOC #2 for SOCmax and ASOC ₁ for SOC in Equation 3 above, “(SOC-SOC _unusable )/(SOCmax-SOC _unusable )” to determine the RSOC of the battery 110. can be calculated. In other words, the state estimator 120 can determine (or calculate) the RSOC of the battery 110 at CC check point 1 411 according to (ASOC ₁ -SOC _unusable )/(SOC #2-SOC _unusable ). there is.

As described above, state estimator 120 may periodically update ASOC using electrochemical model 310 during charging of battery 110. ASOC ₁ is When the battery 110 reaches CC checkpoint 1 (411), it may indicate the last updated ASOC.

When the battery 110 reaches CC check point 1 (411) and updates SOCmax, the state estimator 120 may set CC check point 2 (412) corresponding to the next update point (or location) of SOCmax. . For example, the state estimator 120 calculates the point where the SOC value of CC check point 1 (411) increases by ΔSOC (e.g., 20% or 0.2) (hereinafter referred to as “SOC value ₁ ”) to CC check point 2 (412). ) can be set. The SOC value of CC check point 2 412 may be “SOC value ₁ +ΔSOC”. As another example, the state estimator 120 selects the point increased by Δt (e.g., 10 minutes) from the time value (hereinafter referred to as “t ₁ ”) of CC check point 1 (411) to CC check point 2 (412). You can set it. In this case, the time value of CC check point 2 412 may be “t ₁ +Δt”.

According to one embodiment, in section 2, SOCmax may be maintained at SOC #2.

The state estimator 120 calculates the resistance value (R _t ) through Equation 4 above based on the measured voltage value _t , estimated OCV value _t , and measured current value _t of the battery 110 at each time point of section 2. You can.

As the battery 110 is charged, the charge SOC of the battery 110 may increase, and the state estimator 120 may determine that the battery 110 is CC check point 2 ( 412) can be determined whether it has been reached. For example, the state estimator 120 determines whether the charging SOC of the battery 110 is greater than or equal to the SOC value (SOC value ₁ +ΔSOC) of CC check point 2 412 or whether the charging time of the battery 110 is equal to or greater than CC check point 2. It can be determined whether it is more than the time value (t ₁ +Δt) of (412).

The state estimator 120 detects when the battery 110 reaches CC check point 2 (412) (e.g., when the charging SOC of the battery 110 is greater than or equal to the SOC value of CC check point 2 (412) or when the battery 110 If the charging time is more than the time value of CC check point 2 (412)), SOCmax can be updated. In one embodiment, the state estimator 120 may derive the average resistance value in section 2 by averaging the resistance value (R _t ) calculated at each time point in section 2. Since the explanation for deriving the average resistance value in section 1 can be applied to the explanation for deriving the average resistance value in section 2, detailed description is omitted. The state estimator 120 may perform SOCmax update using the average resistance value, cutoff current value, cutoff voltage value, and correlation information between SOC and OCV in section 2. For example, the state estimator 120 can predict the OCVmax of the battery 110 at CC check point 2 (412) through Equation 5 above, and the OCVmax at CC check point 2 (412) through Equation 6 above. The SOCmax of the battery 110 can be estimated.

For convenience of explanation, when the SOCmax estimated at CC check point 2 412 is SOC #3, the state estimator 120 may update SOCmax from SOC #2 to SOC #3.

State estimator 120 may determine (or calculate) the RSOC of battery 110 at CC checkpoint 2 412 using ASOC ₂ of battery 110, updated SOC #3, and SOC _unusable . . Here, ASOC ₂ may represent the last updated ASOC when the battery 110 reaches CC check point 2 (412).

When the battery 110 reaches CC check point 2 (412) and updates SOCmax, the state estimator 120 may set CC check point 3 (413) corresponding to the next update (or location) of SOCmax. The state estimator 120 may perform a SOCmax update when the battery 110 reaches CC check point 3 (413). The description of the settings of CC check point 1 (411) and CC check point 2 (412) may be applied to the description of the settings of CC check point 3 (413), and the battery 110 may be applied to CC check point 3 (413). ) can be applied to the description of the operation in which the SOCmax update is performed when the battery 110 reaches CC check point 1 (411) and CC check point 2 (412), respectively, and the SOCmax update is performed.

For convenience of explanation, when the SOCmax estimated at CC check point 3 413 is SOC #4, the state estimator 120 may update SOCmax from SOC #3 to SOC #4.

State estimator 120 may determine (or calculate) the RSOC of battery 110 at CC checkpoint 3 413 using ASOC ₃ of battery 110, updated SOC #4, and SOC _unusable . . ASOC ₃ is When the battery 110 reaches CC checkpoint 3 (413), it may indicate the last updated ASOC.

After CC check point 3 (413), the voltage of the battery 110 may be above the cutoff voltage. In this case, the charger 130 may charge the battery 110 in the second charging mode. As described above, the state estimator 120 does not perform the SOCmax estimation operation (or update operation) in the second charging period, performs the SOCmax estimation operation (or update operation) only in the second charging period, or performs the SOCmax estimation operation (or update operation) only in the second charging period. SOCmax estimation operation (or update operation) can be performed in both charging sections.

Depending on the embodiment, the first charging section may be a CC charging section or a multi-step CC charging section. When the first charging section is a CC charging section, the state estimator 120 may set a CC check point at a certain SOC interval or a certain time interval, as described above. When the first charging section is a multi-step CC charging section, the state estimator 120 may set a CC check point at a constant SOC interval or a certain time interval, or may set each point where the current size changes as a CC check point.

5 to 7 show the SOCmax of the electronic device in the second charging section according to an embodiment. This diagram is for explaining the estimation operation (or update operation).

Referring to FIG. 5, the battery 110 may be charged according to multi-step CC charging in the first charging section. When the voltage of the battery 110 exceeds the cutoff voltage, the charger 130 may charge the battery 110 in the second charging mode.

A CV check start point 510 is shown in the second charging section of FIG. 5 . The CV check start point 510 may be preset to a current value (e.g., 0.6A). Although the current value was previously exemplified as 0.6A, the current value at the CV check start point 510 is not limited to 0.6A. Hereinafter, the current value at the CV check start point 510 is referred to as “I ₀ ”.

The state estimator 120 may set “I ₀ ” as the initial value of the variable (cur_now).

The state estimator 120 may periodically measure the charging current of the battery 110 through a current sensor. The state estimator 120 may determine that the charging current measured at a certain point in time (hereinafter referred to as “first measured current value”) is less than or equal to the current value of the CV check start point 510 (in other words, I ₀ ). . In other words, the state estimator 120 may determine that the battery 110 (or the charging current of the battery 110) has reached the CV check start point 510. In this case, the state estimator 120 may set the initial value of SOCmax in the second charging section. For example, when a SOCmax update operation is performed in the first charging section, the state estimator 120 may set the most recently updated SOCmax in the first charging section as the initial value of SOCmax in the second charging section. In the example described with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the last updated SOCmax in the first charging section may be SOC #4. In this case, the state estimator 120 may set SOC #4 as the initial value of SOCmax in the second charging section. As another example, the state estimator 120 may not perform the SOCmax update operation in the first charging section. In this case, the state estimator 120 is temperature-SOCmax The SOCmax corresponding to the current temperature (e.g., the measured temperature of the battery 110) can be found in the table, and the found SOCmax can be set as the initial value of SOCmax in the second charging section. Alternatively, when the charging in the first charging section and the second charging section in FIG. 5 is referred to as the current charging, the last updated SOCmax in the charging immediately preceding the corresponding charging may be stored in the memory. The state estimator 120 may refer to the memory and set the SOCmax most recently updated in the previous charging period as the initial value of SOCmax in the second charging section.

When the battery 110 (or the charging current of the battery 110) reaches the CV check start point 510, the state estimator 120 determines the SOCmax based on a constant current interval (ΔI) or a certain time interval (Δt). CV check point 1 (511) corresponding to the point at which update is to be performed can be set. For example, the state estimator 120 may set the point obtained by subtracting ΔI (eg, 0.1 mA) from the first measured current value as CV check point 1 (511). As another example, the state estimator 120 determines when the battery 110 reaches the CV check start point 510 (or when the first measured current value is determined to be I ₀ or less) (hereinafter, “the first time value”). The point obtained by subtracting Δt (e.g., 10 minutes) from "" can be set as CV check point 1 (511).

When the battery 110 reaches the CV check start point 510, the state estimator 120 may set the first measured current value to the variable (cur_prev) and set the CV check point 1 (511) to the variable (cur_now). A current value (i.e., first measured current value - ΔI) can be set. In other words, it may be “cur_prev=first measured current value” and “cur_now=first measured current value-ΔI”.

After the CV check start point 510, the state estimator 120 may periodically measure the charging current of the battery 110 through a current sensor. The state estimator 120 determines that the charging current measured at a certain point in time (hereinafter referred to as “second measured current value”) is the current value of CV check point 1 511 (i.e., “first measured current value—ΔI”). It can be judged to be as follows. In other words, the state estimator 120 may determine that the battery 110 (or the charging current of the battery 110) has reached CV check point 1 (511). In this case, the state estimator 120 includes a first measured current value, a current value of CV check point 1 511 (i.e., “first measured current value-ΔI”), a first time value, a second time value, and SOCmax update can be performed based on the cutoff current value. Here, the second time value may indicate the point in time when the battery 110 reaches CV check point 1 (511). The SOCmax update at CV check point 1 511 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B.

FIG. 6A shows a graph of the charging current value (log scale) over time.

Referring to FIG. 5, the second charging section may have non-linear current attenuation characteristics. If non-linearity is converted to linear, the full charge point (t_end) of FIG. 6A can be predicted more accurately, and thus the accuracy of SOCmax can be further improved. The state estimator 120 calculates the first measured current value, the current value of CV check point 1 511 (i.e., “the first measured current value- Δt"), and the cutoff current value can each be converted. Below, the conversion method that can convert non-linear to linear is explained in log scale, but the conversion method is not limited to the log scale method.

In the example shown in FIG. 6B, the state estimator 120 may set a second time value in the variable (t_now) when the battery 110 reaches CV check point 1 (511) and set the second time value in the variable (t_prew). The first time value can be set. Here, the second time value may represent the point in time when the battery 110 reaches CV check point 1 (511), as described above. The state estimator 120 can predict the full charge time (t_end) (hereinafter, the first full charge time) of the battery 110 at CV check point 1 511 using Equation 7 below.

As described above, it may be “cur_prev=first measured current value” and “cur_now=first measured current value-ΔI”. The state estimator 120 uses the logarithmic value of the first measured current value, the logarithmic value of “first measured current value-ΔI”, the logarithmic value of the cutoff current value (CV_current_end), the first time value, and the second time value. Thus, the first full charge point can be predicted.

When the state estimator 120 predicts the first full charge point, the cutoff current value, “first measured current value-ΔI”, the predicted first full charge point, the second time value, 3600 [sec], and Q _max Using this, the remaining SOC (hereinafter referred to as first remaining SOC) from t _now to t _end can be predicted (or calculated). The state estimator 120 can predict (or calculate) the first remaining SOC through Equation 8 below.

In Equation 8 above, ΔSOC_rest may represent the remaining SOC remaining until the battery 110 is fully charged. In Equation 8 above, “t _end -t _now ” may mean the predicted time remaining from t _now until the battery 110 is fully charged.

In Equation 8, Q _max may represent the total battery capacity. The battery 110 may deteriorate, and the deterioration state of the battery 110 may be reflected in a model (eg, electrochemical model 310). In this case, Q _max can be updated. For example, among several parameters of the electrochemical model 310, the parameter related to the deterioration of the battery 110 may be updated, and when the parameter related to the deterioration of the battery 110 is updated, Q _max may be updated. .

When the state estimator 120 predicts the first remaining SOC, it can estimate SOCmax or calculate the SOCmax estimate value through Equation 9 below.

When the initial value of SOCmax in the second charging section is, for example, SOC #4 and the SOCmax estimated through Equation 12 above is, for example, SOC #5, the state estimator 120 changes SOCmax from SOC #4 to SOC # Can be updated to 5. State estimator 120 may update SOCmax from SOC #4 to SOC #5 when battery 110 reaches CV checkpoint 1 (511).

The state estimator 120 may determine (or calculate) the RSOC of the battery 110 using ASOC ₄ , updated SOC #5, and SOC _unusable of the battery 110. ASOC ₄ is When the battery 110 reaches CV checkpoint 1 (511), it may indicate the last updated ASOC.

Returning to Figure 5, when the battery 110 reaches CV checkpoint 1 (511) and updates SOCmax, state estimator 120 determines CV checkpoint 2 (512), which corresponds to the point at which the next update of SOCmax will be performed. can be set. For example, the state estimator 120 may set the point obtained by subtracting ΔI (eg, 0.1 mA) from the second measured current value as CV check point 1 (512). The state estimator 120 may set the second measured current value in the variable (cur_prev) and the current value of CV check point 2 (512) (i.e., the second measured current value -ΔI) in the variable (cur_now). there is. In other words, it may be “Cur_prev=second measured current value” and “Cur_now=second measured current value-ΔI”.

After CV check point 2 512, the state estimator 120 may periodically measure the charging current of the battery 110 through a current sensor. The state estimator 120 determines that the charging current measured at a certain point in time (hereinafter referred to as “third measured current value”) is the current value of CV check point 2 512 (i.e., “second measured current value—ΔI”). It can be judged to be as follows. In other words, the state estimator 120 may determine that the battery 110 has reached CV check point 2 (512). In this case, the state estimator 120 includes a second measured current value, a current value of CV check point 2 512 (i.e., “second measured current value—ΔI”), a second time value, a third time value, and SOCmax update can be performed again based on the cutoff current value. Here, the third time value may indicate the point in time when the battery 110 reaches CV start point 2 (512). The SOCmax update at CV check point 2 512 will be described with reference to FIG. 7.

In the example shown in FIG. 7, when the battery 110 reaches CV check point 2 512, a third time value can be set in the variable (t_now), and a second time value can be set in the variable (t_prew). You can. As described above, it may be “cur_prev=second measurement current value” and “cur_now=second measurement current value-ΔI”. The state estimator 120 can predict the full charge time (t_end) (hereinafter, the second full charge time) of the battery 110 at CV check point 2 512 using Equation 7 above. In other words, the state estimator 120 uses the logarithmic value of the second measured current value, the logarithmic value of “second measured current value-ΔI”, the logarithmic value of the cutoff current value, the second time value, and the third time value. Thus, the second full charge point can be predicted.

When the state estimator 120 predicts the second full charge point, the cutoff current value, “second measured current value-ΔI”, the predicted second full charge point, the third time value, 3600 [sec], and Q _max Using this, the remaining SOC (hereinafter, second remaining SOC) remaining until the predicted second full charge point can be predicted (or calculated). The state estimator 120 can predict (or calculate) the second remaining SOC through Equation 8 above.

When the state estimator 120 predicts the second remaining SOC, it can estimate SOCmax through Equation 9 above. At this time, if the estimated SOCmax is, for example, SOC #6, the state estimator 120 may update SOCmax from SOC #5 to SOC #6. State estimator 120 may update SOCmax from SOC #5 to SOC #6 when battery 110 reaches CV checkpoint 2 (512).

The state estimator 120 may determine (or calculate) the RSOC of the battery 110 using ASOC ₅ , updated SOC #6, and SOC _unusable of the battery 110. ASOC ₅ is The battery 110 may indicate the last updated ASOC when CV checkpoint 2 512 is reached.

Returning to FIG. 5, when the battery 110 reaches CV checkpoint 2 512 and updates SOCmax again, the state estimator 120 determines CV checkpoint 3 ( 513) can be set. State estimator 120 may update SOCmax again when battery 110 reaches CV check point 3 (513). State estimator 120 may set CV checkpoint 4 (514) and update SOCmax again when battery 110 reaches CV checkpoint 4 (514).

The measured current value of the battery 110 may be below the cutoff current value. In other words, the battery 110 may reach the CV end point 515. In this case, the processor (e.g., application processor (AP)) may determine that the battery 110 is fully charged and may decide to end charging. If there is a decision to terminate charging, the state estimator 120 determines the most recently updated SOCmax in the second charging section (e.g., SOCmax updated when battery 110 reaches CV checkpoint 4 514), the second The RSOC of the battery 110 can be determined (or calculated) using the last updated ASOC in the charging section and SOC _unusable . State estimator 120 may transmit the determined RSOC to the processor. The processor may display the determined RSOC on a display and provide it to the user. Accordingly, a situation in which the RSOC is forcibly jumped to 100% may not occur when the battery 110 is determined to be fully charged, and a more accurate RSOC may be provided to the user.

Figures 8 and 9 are flowcharts for explaining a SOCmax estimation operation (or update operation) of an electronic device according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 8, in step 810, the electronic device 100 may determine whether the battery 110 is being charged. The electronic device 100 may determine that the battery 110 is being charged until a decision is made to end charging.

If the electronic device 100 determines in step 810 that the battery 110 is not charging, the electronic device 100 may not perform the SOCmax update in step 811.

If the electronic device 100 determines that the battery 110 is being charged in step 810, it may determine whether the battery 110 is undergoing CV charging in step 812.

The electronic device 100 may perform step 910 if the battery 110 is in CV charging, and may perform step 813 if the battery 110 is not in CV charging (e.g., in CC charging or multi-step charging). can do.

In step 813, the electronic device 100 may determine whether the battery 110 (or the electronic device 100) is in an initial state of charge. Here, the initial charging state may represent, for example, a state in which the electronic device 100 is at the charging start point 410 of FIG. 4A.

When the electronic device 100 is in the initial charging state, in step 814, the electronic device 100 may set the initial value of SOCmax in the CC section. In this regard, the SOCmax initial value setting explained through FIG. 4b can be applied, so detailed description is omitted.

In step 815, the electronic device 100 may set the 1st CC check point corresponding to the point for performing the SOCmax update. For example, in step 815, the electronic device 100 may set CC check point 1 410 described with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B above.

If step 815 is performed, the electronic device 100 may perform steps 810, 812, and 813. Since the electronic device 100 has set CC check point 1 410, it can determine in step 813 that the battery 110 is not in the initial charging state and perform step 816.

In step 816, the electronic device 100 may determine whether the battery 110 has reached the CC check point. For example, the electronic device 100 may determine whether the battery 110 has reached CC check point 1 (410).

If the battery 110 has not reached CC check point 1 410, the electronic device 100 may calculate the resistance value (R _t ) through Equation 4 above in step 817.

If step 817 is performed, the electronic device 100 may perform steps 810, 812, 813, and 816. Unlike the example shown in FIG. 8, if step 817 is performed, the electronic device 100 may perform step 816 without performing steps 810, 812, and 813. The electronic device 100 may calculate the resistance value (R _t ) at each point in section 1 between the charging start point 410 and CC check point 1 (410).

When the battery 110 reaches CC check point 1 410, the electronic device 100 may calculate the SOCmax estimate in step 818. For example, as explained in FIG. 4B, the electronic device 100 can predict the OCVmax of the battery 110 using the average resistance value, cutoff current value, and cutoff voltage value of section 1 through Equation 5 above. And, the SOCmax estimate can be calculated through Equation 6 above.

In step 819, the electronic device 100 may perform a SOCmax update. For example, the electronic device 100 may update SOCmax with an estimated SOCmax value calculated from the initial SOCmax value.

In step 820, the electronic device 100 may set the next CC check point at the point for performing the next update of SOCmax. For example, the electronic device 100 may set CC check point 2 412 described with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B above.

When the next CC check point is set, the electronic device 100 may perform steps 810, 812, 813, and 816 again. Depending on the implementation, when the electronic device 100 sets the next CC check point, it may not perform steps 810, 812, and 813 and may perform step 816.

The electronic device 100 may determine whether the battery 110 has reached the next CC check point in step 816. Electronic device 100 may perform step 817 if battery 110 has not reached the next CC checkpoint, and steps 818, 819, and 820 if battery 110 has reached the next CC checkpoint. It can be performed again.

Although not shown in FIG. 8, the electronic device 100 may determine whether the measured voltage value of the battery 110 is greater than or equal to the cutoff voltage value. When the measured voltage value of the battery 110 is greater than or equal to the cutoff voltage value, the electronic device 100 may switch to CV mode to charge the battery 110.

Depending on the embodiment, SOCmax update may not be performed during CV charging. In this case, the most recently updated SOCmax during CC charging can be maintained during CV charging. When determining that the battery 110 is fully charged, the RSOC of the battery 110 may be determined based on the most recently updated SOCmax during CC charging.

According to another embodiment, SOCmax update may be configured to be performed during CV charging. In this case, the electronic device 100 may determine that the battery 110 is being CV charged in step 812 and perform step 910 of FIG. 9 . Through Figure 9, SOCmax update during CV charging is explained.

Referring to FIG. 9 , in step 910, the electronic device 100 may determine whether the first measured current value of the battery 110 is less than or equal to the initial value of cur_now. In other words, the electronic device 100 may determine whether the battery 110 has reached the CV check start point 510. The initial value of cur_now may correspond to the current value of the CV check start point 510.

Although not shown in FIG. 9, the electronic device 100 may set the initial value of SOCmax for CV charging. As described with reference to FIG. 8 , when SOCmax update is performed during CC charging, the electronic device 100 may set the most recently updated SOCmax during CC charging as the initial value of SOCmax during CV charging. Depending on the embodiment, the electronic device 100 may not perform SOCmax update during CC charging. In this case, the electronic device 100 may set SOCmax corresponding to the current temperature (e.g., the measured temperature of the battery 110) as the initial value of SOCmax in CV charging. Alternatively, when CC charging and CV charging are the current charging, the electronic device 100 may set the most recently updated SOCmax in the charging immediately before the current charging as the initial value of SOCmax in the CV charging.

In step 910, when the electronic device 100 determines that the first measured current value of the battery 110 is greater than the initial value of cur_now, the electronic device 100 may perform steps 810, 812, and 910 again. Depending on the implementation, if the electronic device 100 determines that the first measured current value of the battery 110 is greater than the initial value of cur_now, step 910 may be performed again without performing steps 810 and 812. there is.

If the first measured current value of the battery 110 is less than or equal to the initial value of cur_now, the electronic device 100 may determine whether the battery 110 has reached the CV check start point or the CV check point in step 911. there is.

Since the battery 110 has reached the CV check start point in step 910, the electronic device 100 may set the 1st CV check point corresponding to the 1st point at which to perform the SOCmax update in step 912. For example, as described with reference to FIG. 5 , the electronic device 100 may set CV check point 1 (511). Additionally, in step 912, the electronic device 100 may set the first measured current value in cur_prev and “first measured current value _a -ΔI” in cur_now.

If step 912 is performed, the electronic device 100 may perform steps 810, 812, 910, and 911. Depending on implementation, if step 912 is performed, the electronic device 100 may not perform steps 810, 812, and 910 and may perform step 911.

In step 911, the electronic device 100 may determine whether the battery 110 has reached the CV check start point or the 1st CV check point. Since the battery 110 has passed the CV check start point, the electronic device 100 may no longer perform step 912. The electronic device 100 may repeatedly perform step 911 if the battery 110 has not yet reached the 1st CV checkpoint.

The electronic device 100 may calculate the SOCmax estimate in step 913 when the battery 110 reaches the 1st CV check point. For example, as described with reference to FIG. 6B, the electronic device 100 may set a second time value to t_now and a first time value to t_prev. It may be “cur_prev=first measurement current value” and “cur_now=first measurement current value-ΔI”. The electronic device 100 can predict the first full charge point through Equation 7 above, predict the first remaining SOC through Equation 8 above, and calculate an estimated SOCmax value through Equation 9 above.

In step 914, the electronic device 100 may perform a SOCmax update. For example, the electronic device 100 may update SOCmax with the SOCmax estimate value calculated from the SOCmax initial value of CV charging.

In step 915, the electronic device 100 may set the next CV checkpoint at the point for performing the next update of SOCmax. For example, the electronic device 100 may set CV check point 2 512 in FIG. 5 .

When the next CV checkpoint is set, the electronic device 100 may perform steps 810, 812, 910, 911, 913, and 914 again. Depending on the implementation, when the next CV checkpoint is set, the electronic device 100 may not perform steps 810, 812, and 910 and may perform steps 911, 913, and 914.

Although not shown in FIG. 9, the electronic device 100 may determine whether the measured current value of the battery 110 is less than or equal to the cutoff current value. When the measured current value of the battery 110 is less than or equal to the cutoff current value, the electronic device 100 may determine that the battery 110 is fully charged and end charging. When the electronic device 100 determines that the battery 110 is fully charged, the electronic device 100 may determine the RSOC using the most recently updated ASOC during CV charging, SOC _unusable , and the most recently updated SOCmax during CV charging, and the determined RSOC can be provided to the user.

Matters described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7 can be applied to matters described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 9 , so detailed description is omitted.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of an example of an electronic device according to an embodiment, and FIG. 11 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of a first circuit of an electronic device according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 10 , the electronic device 1000 may include a battery 1010, a charger 1020, a first circuit 1030, a processor 1040, a display 1050, and a memory 1060.

The electronic device 1000 shown in FIG. 10 may correspond to an example of the electronic device 100 described above.

The charger 1020 may correspond to the charger 130 of FIG. 1 and may charge the battery 1010 in the first charging mode and the second charging mode.

The first circuit 1030 may perform the operation of the state estimator 120 described above.

The first circuit 1030 may correspond to a fuel gauge circuit.

The charger 1020 and the first circuit 1030 may be implemented as one integrated circuit (eg, power management integrated circuit (PMIC)). This PMIC not only performs charging but also supplies power stored in the battery 1010 to various components of the electronic device 1000, such as the processor 1040, the display 1050, and the memory 1060. As an example, the power management circuit may adjust the power stored in the battery 1010 to a voltage or current level suitable for each of the processor 1040, display 1050, and memory 1060, and each voltage or current level to which the adjusted voltage or current level is adjusted. Power may be supplied to the processor 1040, display 1050, and memory 1060.

The processor 1040 may control the overall operation of the electronic device 1000.

The processor 1040 can perform various data processing or calculations, and can store the results of various data processing or calculations in the memory 1060.

Memory 1060 may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory.

Memory 1060 may store various programs (e.g., operating system, middleware, and/or one or more applications). Applications may include system applications and third-party applications.

The processor 1040 may correspond to an application processor.

The first circuit 1030 may determine (or estimate) the SOCmax, ASOC, and RSOC of the battery 1010. The first circuit 1030 may update ASOC through a battery model (e.g., electrochemical model 310) during charging of the battery 1010 and may update SOCmax as described above. Additionally, the first circuit 1030 may determine RSOC using the updated ASOC, updated SOCmax, and SOC _unusable . The processor 1040 can receive the RSOC of the battery 1010 from the first circuit 1030 and display the RSOC of the battery 1010 on the display 1050.

The first circuit 1030 may be electrically connected to the charger 1020 and the battery 1010.

The first circuit 1030 may include a memory 110 and a processor 1120, as shown in the example shown in FIG. 11 . The processor 1120 shown in FIG. 11 may include, but is not limited to, a micro controller unit (MCU) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

The processor 1120 of the first circuit 1030 may perform the operation of the state estimator 120 described above. Memory 1110 may store one or more instructions executable by processor 1120. Memory 1110 may store a SOC-OCV table. Depending on the embodiment, the memory 1110 has a temperature-SOCmax The table can be saved.

The processor 1120 may perform the operation of the state estimator 120 (or the first circuit 1030) by executing instructions stored in the memory 1110. Depending on implementation, the processor 1040 of FIG. 10 may perform some of the operations of the processor 1120 of FIG. 11.

In one embodiment, the first circuit 1030 may repeatedly update SOCmax while the battery 1010 is charging in the first charging mode (eg, CC charging mode). The first circuit 1030 may repeatedly update SOCmax while the battery 1010 is charging in the second charging mode (eg, CV charging mode). At this time, the SOCmax update method (first method) in the first charging mode and the SOCmax update method (second method) in the second charging mode may be different from each other.

In a first scheme, the first circuit 1030 determines that the battery 1010 being charged in the first charging mode (or the state (e.g., charging SOC or time) of the battery 1010) is determined at a first point for updating SOCmax. Determine whether it has been reached. Here, the first point may be, for example, any one of the CC check points 411 to 413 described above.

When the battery 1010 (or the state of the battery 1010) reaches the first point, the first circuit 1030 calculates the average resistance value of the battery 1010 for a certain period before reaching the first point. You can. When the battery 1010 (or the state of the battery 1010) reaches CC check point 1 411 in FIG. 4, the first circuit 1030 calculates the average resistance value of the battery 1010 during section 1. You can. For example, the first circuit 1030 may calculate the resistance value at each point in section 1 through Equation 4 above, and average each calculated resistance value to obtain the average resistance value of the battery 1010 during section 1. can be calculated. Likewise, the first circuit 1030 determines the average resistance value of the battery 1010 during section 2 when the battery 1010 (or the state of the battery 1010) reaches CC check point 2 412 in FIG. It can be calculated, and when the battery 1010 (or the state of the battery 1010) reaches CC check point 3 (413) in FIG. 4, the average resistance value of the battery 1010 during section 3 can be calculated.

The first circuit 1030 updates SOCmax based on correlation information between SOC and OCV (e.g., SOC-OCV table or SOC-OCV curve, etc.), calculated average resistance value, cutoff current value, and cutoff voltage value. do. For example, the first circuit 1030 may multiply the calculated average resistance value and the cutoff current value, and predict the difference between the cutoff voltage value and the result of the multiplication as OCV when the battery is fully charged. , SOC corresponding to the previously predicted OCV can be determined using correlation information between SOC and OCV, and SOCmax can be updated according to the determined SOC.

The first circuit 1030 may determine the RSOC of the battery 1010 using the updated SOCmax, ASOC of the battery 1010, and SOC _unusable . Here, the ASOC may be the last updated ASOC when the battery 1010 reaches the first point in the first charging mode.

The charger 1020 may switch from the first charging mode to the second charging mode and charge the battery 1010 in the second charging mode.

In the second method, the first circuit 1030 compares the first measured current value of the battery 1010 charged in the second charging mode with the current value of the preset starting point to determine the battery 1010 (or battery 1010 It is possible to determine whether the status (e.g., measured current value) has reached a preset starting point. Here, the preset start point may correspond to the CV check start point 510 described above.

The first circuit 1030 may determine that the battery 1010 has reached the preset start point as the first measured current value becomes less than the current value of the preset start point. In this case, the first circuit 1030 may set a second point for updating SOCmax. Here, the second point may correspond to CV check point 1 (511) described above.

The first circuit 1030 may determine whether the battery 1010 (or the state (eg, measured current value) of the battery 1010) has reached a set second point.

The first circuit 1030 can predict the full charge point of the battery 1010 when the battery 1010 (or the state (e.g., measured current value) of the battery 1010) reaches a set second point. Based on the fully charged time, the remaining SOC remaining until the battery 1010 is fully charged can be predicted. In one example, the first circuit 1030 may include a first time value when the battery 1010 reaches a preset starting point, a second time value when the battery 1010 reaches the second point, and a first measurement value. The full charge point can be predicted based on the conversion value of the current value, the conversion value of the result value derived by subtracting a certain value from the first measured current value, and the conversion value of the cutoff current value. At this time, the converted value of the first measured current value, the converted value of the result value derived by subtracting a certain value from the first measured current value, and the converted value of the cutoff current value, respectively, are the first measured current value and the first measured current value. The result value derived by subtracting a certain value from the measured current value and the cutoff current value can be converted to a log scale. The first circuit 1030 may predict the remaining SOC based on the predicted full charge point, the second time value, the result value derived by subtracting a certain value from the first measured current value, and the cutoff current value.

The first circuit 1030 may update SOCmax again based on the predicted remaining SOC. For example, the first circuit 1030 may update SOCmax again according to the sum of the predicted remaining SOC and the updated ASOC of the battery 1010.

When the battery 1010 is fully charged, the first circuit 1030 may determine the RSOC of the battery 1010 using the most recently updated SOCmax, the most recently updated ASOC, and SOC _unusable . The first circuit 1030 may transmit the determined RSOC to the processor 1040. The processor 1040 may display the determined RSOC on the display 1050.

Matters described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9 can be applied to matters described with reference to FIGS. 10 to 11 , so detailed description is omitted.

Figure 12 is a diagram for explaining a vehicle according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 12, the vehicle 1200 may include a battery pack 1210, and the battery pack 1210 may include batteries 1211 and a battery management system 1212.

The vehicle 1200 may use batteries 1211 as a power source. Vehicle 1200 may be, for example, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an autonomous vehicle.

Batteries 1211 may represent battery modules, and each battery module may include one or more battery cells.

The battery management system 1212 can monitor whether abnormalities occur in the batteries 1211 and prevent the batteries 1211 from over-charging or over-discharging. . Additionally, the battery management system 1212 performs thermal control on the batteries 1211 when the temperature of the batteries 1211 exceeds the first temperature (e.g., 40°C) or is below the second temperature (e.g., -10°C). can be performed. Additionally, the battery management system 1212 may perform cell balancing to equalize the state of charge among battery cells included in the batteries 1211.

The battery management system 1212 may perform the operation of the state estimator 120 described above. For example, the battery management system 1212 may estimate state information (e.g., ASOC, RSOC) of each battery cell included in the batteries 1211, and the maximum and minimum values of the estimated state information of each battery cell. , Alternatively, the average value may be determined as status information of the battery pack 1210.

The battery management system 1212 may transmit status information of the battery pack 1210 to the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) or Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) of the vehicle 1200. The ECU or VCU of the vehicle 1200 may output status information of the batteries 1211 to a display (eg, instrument panel, head-up display) of the vehicle 1200.

Matters described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9 can be applied to matters described with reference to FIG. 12 , so detailed description is omitted.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart explaining a method of operating an electronic device according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 13, in step 1310, the electronic device 100 or 1000 charges the battery 110 or 1010 in CC charging mode.

In step 1320, the electronic device 100 or 1000 repeatedly updates the SOCmax of the battery 110 or 1010 while charging the battery 110 or 1010 in CC charging mode.

In step 1330, when the measured voltage value of the battery 110, 1010 is greater than or equal to the cutoff voltage value, the electronic device 100, 1000 switches from the CC charging mode to the CV charging mode, and the battery 110, 1010 in the CV charging mode. Charge.

In step 1340, the electronic device 100 or 1000 repeatedly updates SOCmax while charging the battery 110 or 1010 in CV charging mode.

Matters described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 12 can be applied to matters described with reference to FIG. 13 , so detailed description is omitted.

The embodiments described above may be implemented with hardware components, software components, and/or a combination of hardware components and software components. For example, the devices, methods, and components described in the embodiments may include, for example, a processor, a controller, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, and a field programmable gate (FPGA). It may be implemented using a general-purpose computer or a special-purpose computer, such as an array, programmable logic unit (PLU), microprocessor, or any other device capable of executing and responding to instructions. The processing device may execute an operating system (OS) and software applications running on the operating system. Additionally, a processing device may access, store, manipulate, process, and generate data in response to the execution of software. For ease of understanding, a single processing device may be described as being used; however, those skilled in the art will understand that a processing device includes multiple processing elements and/or multiple types of processing elements. It can be seen that it may include. For example, a processing device may include multiple processors or one processor and one controller. Additionally, other processing configurations, such as parallel processors, are possible.

Software may include a computer program, code, instructions, or a combination of one or more of these, which may configure a processing unit to operate as desired, or may be processed independently or collectively. You can command the device. Software and/or data may be used on any type of machine, component, physical device, virtual equipment, computer storage medium or device to be interpreted by or to provide instructions or data to a processing device. , or may be permanently or temporarily embodied in a transmitted signal wave. Software may be distributed over networked computer systems and stored or executed in a distributed manner. Software and data may be stored on a computer-readable recording medium.

The method according to the embodiment may be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed through various computer means and recorded on a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium may store program instructions, data files, data structures, etc., singly or in combination, and the program instructions recorded on the medium may be specially designed and constructed for the embodiment or may be known and available to those skilled in the art of computer software. there is. Examples of computer-readable recording media include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, and magnetic media such as floptical disks. -Includes optical media (magneto-optical media) and hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, etc. Examples of program instructions include machine language code, such as that produced by a compiler, as well as high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc.

The hardware devices described above may be configured to operate as one or multiple software modules to perform the operations of the embodiments, and vice versa.

As described above, although the embodiments have been described with limited drawings, those skilled in the art can apply various technical modifications and variations based on this. For example, the described techniques are performed in a different order than the described method, and/or components of the described system, structure, device, circuit, etc. are combined or combined in a different form than the described method, or other components are used. Alternatively, appropriate results may be achieved even if substituted or substituted by an equivalent.

Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents of the claims also fall within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (24)

In a method of operating an electronic device,
Charging the battery in constant current (CC) charging mode;
repeatedly updating a full charge state of charge (SOC) of the battery while charging the battery in the CC charging mode;
When the measured voltage value of the battery is greater than a cut off voltage value, switching from the CC charging mode to a constant voltage (CV) charging mode and charging the battery in the CV charging mode; and
Repeatedly updating the full SOC while charging the battery in the CV charging mode.
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to paragraph 1,
The step of repeatedly updating the full SOC in the CC charging mode includes:
determining whether the battery has reached a point for updating the full SOC;
When the battery reaches the point, calculating an average resistance value of the battery during a certain period before reaching the point;
updating the full SOC based on correlation information between SOC and OCV, the calculated average resistance value, cutoff current value, and cutoff voltage value;
setting a next point for updating the full SOC; and
When the battery reaches the set next point, the battery is fully charged based on the average resistance value of the battery during the section between the point and the set next point, the correlation information, the cutoff current value, and the cutoff voltage value. Steps to update SOC again
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to paragraph 2,
The step of calculating the average resistance value is,
calculating a resistance value using the measured voltage value, estimated OCV value, and measured current value of the battery at each of several time points within the certain period; and
Calculating the average resistance value by averaging each of the calculated resistance values.
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to paragraph 2,
Updating the full SOC based on the correlation information, the calculated average resistance value, the cutoff current value, and the cutoff voltage value,
Multiplying the calculated average resistance value and the cutoff current value;
predicting a difference between the cutoff voltage value and the multiplication result as OCV when the battery is fully charged; and
Determining a SOC corresponding to the predicted OCV using the correlation information and updating the full SOC according to the determined SOC
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to paragraph 1,
The step of repeatedly updating the full SOC in the CV charging mode includes:
Comparing a first measured current value of the battery charged in the CV charging mode with a current value of a preset starting point to determine whether the battery has reached the preset starting point;
setting a point for updating the full SOC when the battery reaches the preset starting point;
determining whether the battery has reached the set point;
When the battery reaches the set point, predicting a full charge time of the battery and predicting the remaining SOC until the battery is fully charged based on the predicted full charge time; and
Updating the full SOC based on the predicted remaining SOC
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to clause 5,
The step of repeatedly updating the full SOC in the CV charging mode includes:
setting a next point for updating the full SOC;
When the battery company reaches the set next point, predicting the full charge time of the battery again, and re-predicting the remaining SOC remaining until the full charge of the battery based on the re-predicted full charge time; and
Updating the full SOC again based on the re-predicted remaining SOC
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to clause 5,
The step of predicting the remaining SOC is,
A first time value when the battery reaches the preset starting point, a second time value when the battery reaches the set point, a conversion value of the first measured current value, and the first measured current predicting the full charge point based on a converted value of the result obtained by subtracting a certain value from the value and a converted value of the cutoff current value; and
Predicting the remaining SOC based on the predicted full charge point, the second time value, the result value, and the cutoff current value.
Including,
How electronic devices work.
In clause 7,
The conversion value of the first measured current value, the conversion value of the result value, and the conversion value of the cutoff current value are each converted to a logarithmic scale of the first measurement current value, the result value, and the cutoff current value. representing the converted value,
How electronic devices work.
In clause 7,
The step of predicting the full charge point is,
calculating a first difference between the conversion value of the cutoff current value and the conversion value of the first measured current value;
calculating a second difference between the converted value of the resultant value and the converted value of the first measured current value;
calculating a third difference between the second time value and the first time value;
Predicting the full charge point using the calculated first difference value, the calculated second difference value, the calculated third difference value, and the first time value.
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to paragraph 1,
The method of updating the full SOC in the CC charging section and the method of updating the full SOC in the CV charging section are different,
How electronic devices work.
According to paragraph 1,
updating the ASOC of the battery using a battery model;
determining whether the battery is fully charged;
When the battery is fully charged, determining the RSOC of the battery using the most recently updated full SOC, the updated ASOC, and unusable SOC; and
Providing the determined RSOC to the user
Containing more,
How electronic devices work.
In a method of operating an electronic device,
charging the battery in CC charging mode;
updating the full SOC of the battery according to a first method while charging the battery in the CC charging mode;
When the measured voltage value of the battery is greater than the cutoff voltage value, switching from the CC charging mode to the CV charging mode and charging the battery in the CV charging mode; and
Updating the full SOC according to a second method different from the first method while charging the battery in the CV charging mode.
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to clause 12,
The step of updating the full SOC according to the first method includes:
determining whether the battery has reached a point for updating the full SOC;
When the battery reaches the point, calculating an average resistance value of the battery during a certain period before reaching the point; and
Updating the full SOC based on correlation information between SOC and OCV, the calculated average resistance value, cutoff current value, and cutoff voltage value.
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to clause 13,
The step of calculating the average resistance value is,
calculating a resistance value using the measured voltage value, estimated OCV value, and measured current value of the battery at each of several time points within the certain period; and
Calculating the average resistance value by averaging each of the calculated resistance values.
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to clause 13,
Updating the full SOC based on the correlation information, the calculated average resistance value, the cutoff current value, and the cutoff voltage value,
Multiplying the calculated average resistance value and the cutoff current value;
predicting a difference between the cutoff voltage value and the multiplication result as OCV when the battery is fully charged; and
Determining a SOC corresponding to the predicted OCV using the correlation information and updating the full SOC according to the determined SOC
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to clause 12,
The step of updating the full SOC according to the second method includes:
Comparing a first measured current value of the battery charged in the CV charging mode with a current value of a preset starting point to determine whether the battery has reached the preset starting point;
setting a point for updating the full SOC when the battery reaches the preset starting point;
determining whether the battery has reached the set point;
When the battery reaches the set point, predicting a full charge time of the battery and predicting the remaining SOC until the battery is fully charged based on the predicted full charge time; and
Updating the full SOC based on the predicted remaining SOC
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to clause 15,
The step of predicting the remaining SOC is,
A first time value when the battery reaches the preset starting point, a second time value when the battery reaches the set point, a conversion value of the first measured current value, and the first measured current predicting the full charge point based on a converted value of the result obtained by subtracting a certain value from the value and a converted value of the cutoff current value; and
Predicting the remaining SOC based on the predicted full charge point, the second time value, the result value, and the cutoff current value.
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to clause 17,
The conversion value of the first measured current value, the conversion value of the result value, and the conversion value of the cutoff current value are each converted to a logarithmic scale of the first measurement current value, the result value, and the cutoff current value. representing the converted value,
How electronic devices work.
According to clause 17,
The step of predicting the full charge point is,
calculating a first difference between the conversion value of the cutoff current value and the conversion value of the first measured current value;
calculating a second difference between the converted value of the resultant value and the converted value of the first measured current value;
calculating a third difference between the second time value and the first time value;
Predicting the full charge point using the calculated first difference value, the calculated second difference value, the calculated third difference value, and the first time value.
Including,
How electronic devices work.
According to clause 12,
updating the ASOC of the battery using a battery model;
determining whether the battery is fully charged;
When the battery is fully charged, determining the RSOC of the battery using the most recently updated full SOC, the updated ASOC, and the dead SOC; and
Providing the determined RSOC to the user
Containing more,
How electronic devices work.
In electronic devices,
battery;
A charger that charges the battery in CC charging mode and, when certain conditions are met, charges the battery in CV charging mode;
updating the full SOC of the battery according to a first method while charging the battery in the CC charging mode, updating the full SOC according to a second method while charging the battery in the CV charging mode, and finally a first circuit that determines the RSOC of the battery using the updated full SOC, the ASOC of the battery, and the dead SOC of the battery; and
A processor that receives the determined RSOC from the first circuit and provides the received RSOC to the user.
Including,
Electronic devices.
According to clause 21,
In the first method, the first circuit is,
Determine whether the battery has reached the point for updating the full SOC, and when the battery reaches the point, calculate the average resistance value of the battery during a certain period before reaching the point, and SOC Updating the full SOC based on the correlation information between and OCV, the calculated average resistance value, the cutoff current value, and the cutoff voltage value,
Electronic devices.
According to clause 21,
In the second method, the first circuit is,
Compare the first measured current value of the battery charged in the CV charging mode with the current value of the preset start point, determine whether the battery has reached the preset start point, and determine whether the battery has reached the preset start point. When the point is reached, set a point for updating the full charge SOC, determine whether the battery has reached the set point, and predict the full charge point of the battery when the battery reaches the set point. And predicting the remaining SOC until the full charge of the battery based on the predicted full charge time, and updating the full SOC based on the predicted remaining SOC,
Electronic devices.
According to clause 21,
The first circuit is,
Repeatedly updating the full SOC of the battery according to the first method while charging the battery in the CC charging mode, and updating the full SOC of the battery according to the second method while charging the battery in the CV charging mode. to update repeatedly,
Electronic devices.

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