KR20230135819A - Solar cell module - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the solar module of the present invention, a plurality of solar cell modules; and a first encapsulation material inside which the plurality of solar cell modules are accommodated, wherein the solar cell modules are provided in plural numbers spaced apart in one direction within the encapsulation part.

Description

Solar module{SOLAR CELL MODULE}

The present invention relates to solar modules.

A device that converts the energy of photons generated from the sun into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect is called a solar cell, and an assembly of two or more solar cells connected in series or parallel in a single circuit is called a solar module.

The core material of solar cells can be said to be the light absorption layer that exhibits the photoelectric effect, and the materials include silicon, CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Selenide), CdTe (Cadmium Telluride), III-V group element composite materials, photoactive organic materials, and perovoid. There are skytes, quantum dots, etc.

In general, a solar power system is a system that converts light energy into electrical energy using solar cells, and is used as an independent power source for general homes or industrial purposes, or as an auxiliary power source in connection with a commercial AC power system.

The solar cell is manufactured by p-n junction of semiconductor materials, and uses the photovoltaic effect, which causes a small amount of current to flow when receiving light. Most ordinary solar cells consist of a large-area p-n junction diode, When the electromotive force generated at the anode of the p-n junction diode is connected to an external circuit, it functions as a unit solar cell. Since the solar cell constructed as above has a small electromotive force, it is used by connecting a plurality of solar cells to form a photovoltaic module with an appropriate electromotive force.

A grid-connected solar power system commonly used on the exterior of a building consists of a plurality of solar panels (Solar Cell Array) that convert solar energy into electrical energy, and direct current power, which is the electrical energy converted from the solar panels, into alternating current power. It consists of an inverter that converts it into energy and supplies it to users.

In these solar power systems, the installation of solar panels to obtain solar energy is the most important element in the system configuration, and these solar panels are installed on separately secured sites or on the rooftops of buildings.

Therefore, in order to install a solar power system in a building, a separate space must be secured. Typically, a cooling tower that constitutes an air conditioner is installed on the rooftop of a building, so the space for installing solar panels is narrow and limited, making installation of solar panels difficult. This results in restrictions and makes installation difficult.

In order to compensate for these shortcomings, there are cases where solar power systems were applied to window systems installed for lighting and ventilation of buildings.

Meanwhile, a conventional solar module consists of an encapsulant, a plurality of solar cells provided inside the encapsulant so that one side and the other side are exposed to the outside, and a substrate provided on the outside of the encapsulant.

At this time, as the solar cell is corroded by moisture generated between the substrate and the solar cell, more encapsulation material is added.

However, since the interface between the encapsulant and the substrate is prone to moisture permeation, there was a problem in that corrosion occurred in solar cells with one side and the other exposed from the encapsulant.

Due to this corrosion, the output of solar modules decreased and current leakage occurred.

Republic of Korea Publication Number 10-2021-0074306 Republic of Korea Publication No. 10-2012-0113206

The purpose of the present invention, which was devised to solve the above-mentioned problems, is to prevent corrosion of the solar cell module by separating the solar cell module and the substrate by means of an encapsulation portion that entirely surrounds the solar cell module. This is to provide an optical module.

Meanwhile, the technical problems to be achieved in the present invention are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly apparent to those skilled in the art from the description below. It will be understandable.

According to the solar module of the present invention for achieving the above object, a plurality of solar cell modules; and an encapsulation part in which the plurality of solar cell modules are accommodated, wherein the solar cell modules are provided in plural numbers spaced apart in one direction within the encapsulation part.

In addition, it further includes a long-wavelength reflector provided on one side of the sealing portion to reflect long-wavelengths back to the solar cell module.

In addition, it further includes a selective transmission film provided on one side of the sealing portion to selectively transmit color.

In addition, a plurality of protrusions are formed on at least one side of the sealing portion and the other side to reflect sunlight to the solar cell module.

In addition, the encapsulation unit includes a first encapsulation material to which the plurality of solar cell modules are fixed inside, and a second encapsulation material provided on one side and the other side of the first encapsulation material, respectively.

In addition, the solar cell module is characterized in that it is fixed so that one side and the other side facing the second encapsulation material are exposed from the first encapsulation material.

In addition, the first encapsulation material and the second encapsulation material are characterized in that they are made of different materials.

Additionally, the first encapsulating material is (material), and the second encapsulating material is (material).

In addition, the solar cell module includes a plurality of solar cells, and the plurality of solar cells are provided on a transparent substrate to be spaced apart and are connected in series to each other.

In addition, the solar cell module is characterized in that a plurality of solar cell modules are spaced apart at regular intervals, but within 5 cm.

In addition, the encapsulation part is characterized in that it has the same refractive index as the transparent substrate.

The effect of the present invention as discussed above is to provide a solar module in which corrosion of the solar cell module can be prevented by separating the solar cell module and the substrate by the sealing portion that entirely surrounds the solar cell module. .

Meanwhile, the effects that can be obtained from the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below. You will be able to.

1 to 4 are cross-sectional views showing a solar module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figures 5 and 6 are side views showing a thin film solar cell module of a solar module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a plan view showing a thin film solar cell module of a solar module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figures 8 and 9 are cross-sectional views showing a substrate-type solar cell module of a solar module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is a photo of a solar module made of a substrate-type solar cell module.

The advantages and features of the present invention and methods for achieving them will become clear by referring to the embodiments described in detail below along with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below and may be implemented in various different forms. The present embodiments are merely provided to ensure that the disclosure of the present invention is complete and to be understood by those skilled in the art. It is provided to fully inform those who have the scope of the invention, and the present invention is only defined by the scope of the claims. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to drawings for explaining solar modules according to embodiments of the present invention.

First, referring to FIG. 1, a solar module according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a solar cell module 110 and an encapsulation unit 120.

First, the solar cell module 110 consists of a plurality of solar cell modules.

And, the solar cell module 110 is provided with a plurality of solar cells 111 connected in series. Additionally, multiple solar cell modules 110 may be connected with wires.

In FIG. 1, a plurality of solar cell modules 110 are shown to be arranged in parallel with each other inside the encapsulation unit 120, but the present invention is not limited to this.

In addition, as the solar cell module 110 is provided inside the sealing portion 120, it is provided spaced apart from the first substrate 130 and the second substrate 140, which will be described later, without directly contacting them, thereby preventing corrosion. As well as. Since there is no current leakage, the output can be kept constant.

The sealing portion 120 accommodates a plurality of solar cell modules 110 therein. That is, the encapsulation part 120 entirely surrounds the solar cell module 110.

At this time, the solar cell module 110 is provided in plural numbers spaced apart in one direction (Z direction) inside the sealing unit 120, and is accommodated inside the sealing unit 120 and is not exposed to the outside of the sealing unit 120. No. That is, the encapsulation part 120 surrounds the front of the solar cell module 110.

In addition, the encapsulation portion 120 is preferably made of a material that is transparent, flexible, and easily deformable in shape, and hardened by heat or UV. Meanwhile, the sealing portion 120 may be formed in the form of a film that can be bent and maintain its shape.

For example, the sealing portion 120 may be made of EVA material. However, in the present invention, the encapsulation part 120 is not limited to EVA, and any material that can be used as the encapsulation part 120 of a solar module can be used.

Meanwhile, the sealing portion 120 can prevent corrosion due to moisture penetration and protect the plurality of solar cell modules 110 from impact. This encapsulation portion 120 may be transparently made of a material such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyolefin (PO), IONOMER, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), acrylic resin, or silicone resin.

Additionally, the sealing portion 120 may be made of a hard material that is strong and can maintain its shape.

Here, it is preferable that the sealing portion 120 is bent into a set shape and then hardened so that its shape does not return to its original form when external force is removed. Of course, depending on the material of the encapsulation part 120, the shape may not be restored to its original form when the external force is removed even without a curing process.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a plurality of protrusions 123 are formed on one or more of one side and the other side of the sealing portion 120 to reflect sunlight to the solar cell module 110.

At this time, part of the sunlight may be absorbed by the solar cell module 110, and the remaining light may be transmitted through the encapsulation unit 120. Here, when sunlight passing through the encapsulation unit 120 is refracted, it is refracted into the solar cell module 110 without being transmitted and can be absorbed by the solar cell module 110 . For this purpose, a plurality of protrusions 123 may be formed to protrude on the side of the sealing portion 120. In other words, sunlight absorbed by the solar cell module 110 increases.

A first substrate 130 and a second substrate 140 may be provided on one side and the other side of the sealing portion 120, respectively.

The first substrate 130 is formed in the form of a film and placed on one side of the module, thereby blocking moisture, contaminants, ultraviolet rays, etc. from entering the rear of the module and preventing electricity or heat from passing through, thereby protecting the solar cell from the external environment. It serves to protect against Therefore, the first substrate 130 may be made of a durable material such as weather resistance, moisture resistance, insulation resistance, and UV blocking properties that can withstand high temperature and humidity, high voltage, and strong ultraviolet rays.

The first substrate 130 may have a multi-layer structure, such as a layer that prevents moisture and oxygen penetration, a layer that prevents chemical corrosion, and a layer that has insulating properties. As an example, the first substrate 130 may be made of polyvinyl oxide (PVF). fluoride), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)), or low iron tempered glass.

However, the first substrate 130 is not limited to these materials, and may be made of a transparent substrate like the second substrate 140.

The second substrate 140 is formed in the form of a film and placed on the other side of the module, and may be made of tempered glass, etc., which has high transmittance and excellent damage prevention function to transmit incident light, or may be made of a high-transmission fluorine film.

At this time, the tempered glass may be low iron tempered glass with a low iron content.

Meanwhile, the solar module of the present invention may further include a long-wavelength reflector 150 and a selective transmission film 160.

Referring to FIG. 3, the long-wavelength reflector 150 is provided on one side of the encapsulation part 120 to reflect long-wavelength back to the solar cell module 110.

At this time, the long-wavelength reflector 150 may be provided outside the first substrate 130 or the second substrate 140, and may be provided in place of the first substrate 130 or the second substrate 140. . In the present invention, it is explained that a long-wavelength reflector 150 is provided instead of the second substrate 140.

Sunlight is incident on the encapsulation part 120 through the first substrate 130 and is absorbed by the solar cell module 110, and light that is not absorbed (e.g., visible light) is transmitted through one side of the encapsulation part 120. I do it. Here, the long-wavelength reflector 150 can reflect the long wavelength of sunlight passing through one side of the encapsulation part 120 into the interior of the encapsulation part 120. The long wavelength reflected by the long wavelength reflector 150 is absorbed by the solar cell module 110.

The selectively transparent film 160 is provided on one side of the encapsulation part 120 and can selectively transmit colors. At this time, it may be provided outside the first substrate 130 or the second substrate 140, and may be provided in place of the first substrate 130 or the second substrate 140. In the present invention, it is explained that a selective transmission film 160 is provided instead of the second substrate 140.

In other words, the selective transmission film 160 can transmit and reflect only specific wavelengths. For example, blue can be transmitted and other colors can be reflected. In this way, by selectively transmitting or reflecting a specific color, a solar module can become a colored solar cell module.

Meanwhile, the encapsulation unit 120 protects the solar cell module 110 from impact and may include a first encapsulation material 121 and a second encapsulation material 122.

Referring to FIG. 4, the first encapsulation material 121 has a plurality of solar cell modules 110 fixed therein.

The second encapsulation material 122 is provided on one side and the other side of the first encapsulation material 121, respectively.

At this time, the solar cell module 110 is fixed so that one side and the other side facing the second encapsulation material 122 are exposed from the first encapsulation material 121. That is, the first encapsulation material 121 may surround the solar cell module 110 so that one side and the other side are exposed.

And, the second encapsulation material 122 surrounds one side and the other side of the exposed solar cell module 110. This second encapsulation material 122 can prevent moisture infiltration by separating the solar cell module 110 and the first substrate 130 and the second substrate 140.

Meanwhile, the first encapsulation material 121 serves to fix the plurality of solar cells 111 and the solar cell module 110 at the same time.

Accordingly, the first encapsulation material 121 may be made of a sturdy material, for example, (material).

On the other hand, the second encapsulation material 122 can prevent corrosion by preventing moisture penetration and can be made of a material that can play a role in buffering and blocking ultraviolet rays. For example, it can be made of (material). .

In particular, the second encapsulation material 122 is made of a material with a high elastic modulus and can absorb and offset external shock.

As described above, the first encapsulating material 121 and the second encapsulating material 122 have been described, but since any material that can be used as an encapsulating material for a solar module can be used, it is not limited to the materials described above.

Accordingly, the first encapsulation material 121 and the second encapsulation material 122 are made of different materials and perform different roles, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the solar module and at the same time forming the sealing portion 120. The effect can be maintained or maximized.

In addition, the refractive index of the first encapsulant 121 and the second encapsulant 122 is the same, so that image distortion can be minimized.

Conversely, the refractive indices of the first encapsulating material 121 and the second encapsulating material 122 may be different from each other.

That is, when the refractive index of the first encapsulating material 121 and the second encapsulating material 122 is the same, transparency is improved according to the first encapsulating material 121 and the second encapsulating material 122 and is visible through the solar module. Distortion of the paper image can be minimized. Conversely, if the refractive index of the first encapsulating material 121 and the second encapsulating material 122 is different, transparency may be reduced, but the first encapsulating material 121 and the second encapsulating material 122 have different refractive indices. The difference in refractive index between the interfaces of (122) causes refraction and reflection of light, which can improve the photoelectric efficiency of the solar module.

The solar cell module 110 described above will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 5 to 8.

The solar cell module 110 may be formed into a shape having a thickness and length.

For example, the solar cell module 110 may be composed of a thin film solar cell module 110a with a thickness of 10 nm to 10 μm or a substrate-type solar cell module 110b with a thickness of 50 to 300 μm. Specifically, there is no limitation on the type of solar cell module 110 applied in the present invention.

With reference to FIGS. 5 to 7 , the thin film solar cell module 110a will be described.

The thin film solar cell module 110a is formed by forming a semiconductor in the form of a thin film on a transparent substrate 112 such as glass.

To explain this in detail, the solar cell module 110 consists of a transparent substrate 112 and a plurality of solar cells 111 spaced apart from each other on the transparent substrate 112.

And, the solar cell 111 includes a transparent substrate 112, a back electrode 113 (e.g., + electrode), a light absorption layer 114, and a front electrode 115 (e.g., a + electrode) in one direction (Z-axis). For example, -electrodes) may be stacked.

At this time, the front electrode 115 may be transparent. Additionally, the refractive index of the transparent substrate 112 and the encapsulation portion 120 may be the same or similar. This is to minimize distortion of the image seen through the solar module.

In addition, the transparent substrate 112 of the solar cell 111 is made transparent in order to prevent the transparent substrate 112 of the solar cell 111 from being visible from the outside of the solar module.

Therefore, by ensuring that the transparent substrate 112 of the solar cell 111 is transparent and the refractive index of the transparent substrate 112 and the encapsulation part 120 is the same or similar, image distortion can be minimized and the solar module can be It can be used as a glass or soundproof wall.

Each solar cell 111 is arranged to be connected in series. If this is explained with reference to FIG. 6, the first solar cell 111a and the second solar cell 111b are arranged to be spaced apart.

The rear electrode 113 of the first solar cell 111a protrudes in the longitudinal direction (Y-axis) of the transparent substrate 112 and is connected to the light absorption layer 114 of the second solar cell 111b. At this time, the transparent electrode of the second solar cell 111b passes through the light absorption layer 114 and is electrically connected to the rear electrode 113 of the first solar cell 111a.

In this way, each solar cell 111 of the thin film solar cell module 110a is connected in series on the transparent substrate 112. And, as shown in FIG. 5, multiple solar cell modules 110 can be connected in parallel, but can also be connected in series depending on the required voltage.

Meanwhile, the substrate-type solar cell module 110b is manufactured using a semiconductor material such as silicon as a substrate.

Figure 8 shows a state in which a plurality of substrate-type solar cell modules 110b are arranged spaced apart in one direction (Z-axis), and Figure 9 shows a state in which a plurality of solar cells 111 of the substrate-type solar cell module 110b are connected in series. represents.

The substrate-type solar cell 111 has a front electrode 115 (e.g., -electrode), an n-type semiconductor layer 116, a p-type semiconductor layer 117, and a back electrode 113 in one direction (Z-axis). (For example, + electrodes) may be sequentially stacked.

Each solar cell 111 is arranged to be connected in series. If this is explained with reference to FIG. 9, the first solar cell 111a and the second solar cell 111b are arranged to be spaced apart, but some They are placed overlapping. That is, the front electrode 115 of the second solar cell 111b partially overlaps the rear electrode 113 of the first solar cell 111a and is electrically connected to each other.

In addition, the substrate-type solar cell module 110b can be classified into various types depending on the type and structure of the substrate used. Depending on the crystal characteristics of the light absorption layer 114, the substrate-type solar cell module 110b can be broadly divided into multicrystalline and single crystalline solar cells. It can be classified as a battery.

A representative single-crystalline solar cell module 110 is a solar cell made with a single-crystalline silicon wafer as a substrate, and is a double-junction solar cell that stacks a layer of solar cells that absorb light of different wavelengths on top of a substrate-type solar cell. ) or manufactured with a multi-junction structure such as a triple junction, which further stacks solar cells that absorb light of another wavelength on top, or manufactured with a hybrid structure, so that the conversion efficiency is higher than that of a typical substrate-type solar cell. is increasing.

Meanwhile, referring to FIG. 10, a plurality of the above-described thin film or substrate type solar cell modules 110b are spaced apart at regular intervals in one direction (Z-axis), and it is preferable that they are spaced within 5 cm, but it is not limited to this.

For example, when solar modules are used as transparent soundproof walls, bird collisions can be minimized. In particular, looking at the characteristics of birds, they have the characteristic of not passing through spaces less than 5cm above and below.

Accordingly, if the solar cell modules 110 are placed less than 5 cm apart, the collision of birds with the transparent soundproof wall can be minimized.

Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains will understand that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without changing its technical idea or essential features. Therefore, the embodiments described above should be understood in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the scope of the claims described below rather than the detailed description above, and all changes or modified forms derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalent concepts are included in the scope of the present invention. must be interpreted. In addition, the operating order of the components described in the above-described process does not necessarily need to be performed in chronological order, and even if the performance order of each component and step is changed, if the gist of the present invention is satisfied, such process will fall within the scope of the present invention. Of course it is possible.

110: solar cell module 111: solar cell
112: transparent substrate 113: rear electrode
114: light absorption layer 115: front electrode
116: n-type semiconductor layer 117: p-type semiconductor layer
120: Encapsulation part 121: First encapsulation material
122: Second encapsulating material 123: Protrusion
130: first substrate 140: second substrate
150: Long-wavelength reflector 160: Selective transmission film

Claims (11)

A plurality of solar cell modules; and
It includes an encapsulation part in which the plurality of solar cell modules are accommodated,
The solar cell module is a solar module in which a plurality of solar cell modules are provided, spaced apart in one direction, inside the sealing portion.
According to paragraph 1,
A solar module further comprising a long-wavelength reflector provided on one side of the sealing portion to reflect long-wavelengths back to the solar cell module.
According to paragraph 1,
A solar module further comprising a selective transmission film provided on one side of the sealing portion to selectively transmit color.
According to paragraph 1,
A solar module, wherein a plurality of protrusions are formed on at least one side of the sealing portion and the other side to reflect sunlight to the solar cell module.
According to paragraph 1,
The encapsulation part,
A first encapsulating material to which the plurality of solar cell modules are fixed inside, and
A solar module including a second encapsulation material provided on one side and the other side of the first encapsulation material.
According to clause 5,
The solar cell module is a solar module, characterized in that one side facing the second encapsulation material and the other side are fixed to be exposed from the first encapsulation material.
According to clause 5,
A solar module, characterized in that the first encapsulation material and the second encapsulation material are made of different materials.
In clause 7,
The first encapsulating material is (material)
The solar module, characterized in that the second encapsulation material is (material).
According to paragraph 1,
The solar cell module includes a plurality of solar cells,
A solar module, characterized in that the plurality of solar cells are provided on a transparent substrate to be spaced apart and connected to each other in series.
According to paragraph 1,
The solar cell module is a solar cell module, characterized in that a plurality of solar cell modules are spaced apart at regular intervals, but are spaced apart within 5 cm.
According to clause 9,
The solar module, wherein the encapsulation part has the same refractive index as the transparent substrate.

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