KR20230117217A - 식물 생장 조정제 또는 식물의 생장 촉진 방법 - Google Patents
식물 생장 조정제 또는 식물의 생장 촉진 방법 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/32—Yeast
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
본 발명의 식물 생장 조정제는 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물을 유효 성분으로 포함한다. 추출물은 에르고티오네인을 포함한다.
Description
본 발명은 식물 생장 조정제 및 그의 사용에 관한 것이다.
종래부터, 광범위한 식물에 대해 높은 생장 촉진 효과를 나타내는 약제가 요구되고 있다. 이러한 약제로서, 예를 들어 함황 아미노산의 일종인 에르고티오네인이 알려져 있다.
특허문헌 1에는, 에르고티오네인 또는 에르고티오네인을 생합성 가능한 미생물의 배양물을 포함하는 비료가 개시되어 있다.
특허문헌 2 및 3에는, 에르고티오네인인 2-메르캅토 히스티딘 베타인을 식물에 적용하는 것이 개시되어 있다. 그리고, 당해 적용에 의해, 식물의 스트레스 및 당해 스트레스에 관련된 상태를 제어하여, 식물의 생장을 촉진시키는 것이 개시되어 있다.
특허문헌 4에는, 에르고티오네인을 포함하는 미생물 추출물을 비료로서 적용하는 것이 개시되어 있다. 그리고, 당해 적용에 의해, 니트로게나아제 활성이 향상되는 것이 개시되어 있다.
그러나, 기존의 약제에서는, 그의 생장 촉진 효과는 충분하다고는 할 수 없으며, 우수한 생장 촉진 효과를 나타내는 식물 생장 조정제의 개발이 요망되고 있다.
본 발명은 상기 과제에 비추어 이루어진 것으로, 식물의 생장 촉진 효과가 우수한 식물 생장 조정제를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.
본 발명자들은 예의 검토한 결과, 뜻밖에도, 에르고티오네인 생산균의 추출물이 에르고티오네인 단독보다도 우수한 식물 생장 촉진 작용을 발휘한다는 것을 밝혀내고, 본 발명을 완성하기에 이르렀다.
본 발명에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물을 유효 성분으로서 포함하며, 상기 추출물은 에르고티오네인을 포함하는 식물 생장 조정제이다.
본 발명의 일 태양에 따르면, 식물의 생장 촉진 효과가 우수한 식물 생장 조정제를 제공할 수 있다.
[식물 생장 조정제]
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물을 유효 성분으로서 포함한다.
(에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물)
에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물로서, 예를 들어 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물로서 공지된 미생물을 사용할 수 있으나, 이것으로 한정되지 않는다. 당해 미생물은 자연 환경으로부터 단리된 것일 수도 있다. 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 능력을 가지고 있다면, 돌연변이 또는 유전자 재조합 등의 처리된 미생물일 수도 있다.
에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물로서, 예를 들어 아피오트리쿰·포로섬(Apiotrichum porosum) 등의 아피오트리쿰속에 속하는 미생물; 디르크메이아·추라시마엔시스(Dirkmeia churashimaensis) 등의 디르크메이아속에 속하는 미생물; 파필리오트레마·플라베스센스(Papiliotrema flavescens) 등의 파필리오트레마속에 속하는 미생물; 슈도지마·시아멘시스(Pseudozyma siamensis), 슈도지마·안타르크티카(Pseudozyma antarctica), 슈도지마·츄쿠바엔시스(Pseudozyma tsukubaensis), 슈도지마·후베이엔시스(Pseudozyma hubeiensis), 슈도지마·샨크시엔시스(Pseudozyma shanxiensis), 슈도지마·루굴로사(Pseudozyma rugulosa), 슈도지마·크라사(Pseudozyma crassa), 슈도지마·알보아르메니아카(Pseudozyma alboarmeniaca), 슈도지마·그라미니콜라(Pseudozyma graminicola), 슈도지마·푸시포르마타(Pseudozyma fusiformata), 슈도지마·파르안타르크티카(Pseudozyma parantarctica), 슈도지마·플로쿨로사(Pseudozyma flocculosa) 및 슈도지마·추라시마엔시스(Pseudozyma churashimaensis) 등의 슈도지마속에 속하는 미생물; 우스틸라고·메이디스(Ustilago maydis) 등의 우스틸라고속에 속하는 미생물; 메틸로박테리움·아쿠아티쿰(Methylobacterium aquaticum) 등의 메틸로박테리움속에 속하는 미생물; 아우레오바시디움·풀루란스(Aureobasidium pullulans), 아우레오바시디움·멜라노게넘(Acetobacter melanogenum), 아우레오바시디움·나미비아에(Aureobasidium namibiae) 및 아우레오바시디움·서브글라시알(Aureobasidium subglaciale) 등의 아우레오바시디움속에 속하는 미생물; 로도토룰라·무실라기노사(Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) 및 로도토룰라·글루티니스(Rhodotorula glutinis), 로도토룰라·팔루디게나(Rhodotorula paludigena) 등의 로도토룰라속에 속하는 미생물; 로도스포리디오볼루스·아조리쿠스(Rhodosporidiobolus azoricus) 등의 로도스포리디오볼루스속에 속하는 미생물; 반리자속(Vanrija)에 속하는 미생물; 플레우로투스·시트리노필레아투스(Pleurotus citrinopileatus) 등의 플레우로투스속에 속하는 미생물; 아스페르길루스·소제(Aspergillus sojae), 아스페르길루스·니게르(Aspergillus niger) 및 아스페르기르스·오리제(Aspergillus oryzae) 등의 아스페르길루스속에 속하는 미생물; 스트렙토마이세스·리비단스(Streptomyces lividans), 스트렙토마이세스·코엘리컬러(Streptomyces coelicolor), 스트렙토마이세스·아베르미틸리스(Streptomyces avermitilis), 스트렙토마이세스·그리세우스(Streptomyces griseus), 스트렙토마이세스·알버스(Streptomyces albus) 및 스트렙토마이세스·알불루스(Streptomyces albulus) 등의 스트렙토마이세스속에 속하는 미생물; 악티노마이세스·나에슬런디(Actinomyces naeslundii), 악티노마이세스·오돈톨리티쿠스(Actinomyces odontolyticus) 및 악티노마이세스·오리스(Actinomyces oris) 등의 악티노마이세스속에 속하는 미생물; 결핵균(Mycobacterium tuberculosis), 마이코박테리움·스메그마티스(Mycobacterium smegmatis) 및 마이코박테리움·아비움(Mycobacterium avium) 등의 마이코박테리움(Mycobacterium) 속에 속하는 미생물; 코리네박테리움·글루타미쿰(Corynebacterium glutamicum), 코리네박테리움·아세토액시도필럼(Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum), 코리네박테리움·아세토글루타미쿰(Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum), 코리네박테리움·알카놀리티쿰(Corynebacterium alkanolyticum), 코리네박테리움·써모아미노게네스(Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes) 및 코리네박테리움·에피시엔스(Corynebacterium efficiens) 등의 코리네박테리움속에 속하는 미생물; 에스케리키아·콜리(Escherichia coli) 등의 에스케리키아속에 속하는 미생물; 엔테로박터·아글로메란스(Enterobacter agglomerans), 엔테로박터·아에로게네스(Enterobacter aerogenes) 및 엔테로박터·클로아카에(Enterobacter cloacae) 등의 엔테로박터속에 속하는 미생물; 판토에아·아나나티스(Pantoea ananatis), 판토에아·스테와티(Pantoea stewartii), 판토에아·아글로메란스(Pantoea agglomerans) 및 판토에아·시트레아(Pantoea citrea) 등의 판토에아속에 속하는 미생물; 클렙시엘라·플란티콜라(Klebsiella planticola) 등의 클렙시엘라속에 속하는 미생물; 살모넬라·엔테리카(Salmonella enterica) 등의 살모넬라속에 속하는 미생물; 스키조사카로마이세스·폼베(Schizosaccharomyces pombe) 등의 스키조사카로마이세스에 속하는 미생물; 사카로마이세스·세레비시에(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 등의 사카로마이세스속에 속하는 미생물; 클로로비움·리미콜라(Chlorobium limicola) 등의 클로로비움속에 속하는 미생물; 칸디다·유틸리스(Candida utilis) 등의 칸디다속에 속하는 미생물; 페니실리움·엑스팬섬(Penicillium expansum) 등의 페니실리움속에 속하는 미생물; 붉은빵 곰팡이(Neurospora crassa) 등의 뉴로스포라속에 속하는 미생물; 맥각균(Claviceps purpurea) 등의 클라비셉스속에 속하는 미생물; 모닐리엘라·폴리니스(Moniliella pollinis) 및 모닐리엘라·메가칠리엔시스(Moniliella megachiliensis) 등의 모닐리엘라속에 속하는 미생물; 크립토코커스·플라베스센스(Cryptococcus flavescens), 크립토코커스·페놀리쿠스(Cryptococcus phenolicus) 및 크립토코커스·테레우스(Cryptococcus terreus) 등의 크립토코커스속에 속하는 미생물; 간버섯(Pycnoporus coccineus) 및 주걱간버섯(Pycnoporus cinnabarinus) 등의 주걱간버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 느타리버섯(Pleurotus ostreatus), 노랑느타리버섯(Pleurotus cornucopiae var.citrinopileatus), 산느타리버섯(Pleurotus pulmonarius) 및 새송이버섯(Pleurotus eryngii) 등의 느타리버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 팽이버섯(Flammulina velutipes) 등의 팽이버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 대형 흰우단버섯(Leucopaxillus giganteus) 등의 대형 흰우단버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 상황버섯(Phellinus linteus) 등의 진흙버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 금빛송이버섯(Tricholoma equestre) 및 송이버섯(Tricholoma matsutake) 등의 금빛송이버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 먹물버섯(Coprinus comatus) 등의 먹물버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 노루궁뎅이버섯(Hericium erinaceus) 등의 산호침버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 땅찌만가닥버섯(Lyophyllum shimeji) 및 잿빛만가닥버섯(Lyophyllum decastes) 등의 만가닥버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 노란띠끈적버섯(Rozites caperata) 등의 노란띠끈적버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 나도팽나무버섯(Pholiota nameko) 등의 비늘버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 참바늘버섯(Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii) 등의 참바늘버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 버들송이버섯(Agrocybe cylindracea) 등의 볏짚버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 잎새버섯(Grifola frondosa) 및 그리폴라 가갈(Grifola gargal) 등의 잎새버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 양송이버섯(Agaricus bisporus) 및 주름버섯(Agaricus campestris) 등의 주름버섯속에 속하는 미생물; 등을 들 수 있다.
(에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물)
에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물은 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물 또는 당해 미생물의 배양물을 추출 처리함으로써 얻어진다. 배양물에는 배양 상청, 배양 침전, 배지, 배양 균체, 배양 균체 파쇄물, 배양 균체의 동결 건조물 등의 배양 균체 처리물 등이 포함된다.
에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 배양 방법은 미생물에 대해 수행되는 일반적인 배양 방법에 준거하여 수행하면 된다. 배양 형태는 고체 배지를 이용한 배양, 액체 배지를 이용한 회분 배양, 유가(流加) 배양 또는 연속 배양일 수도 있으며, 통기 교반할 수도 있다. 배지로서는, 미생물이 자화 가능한(assimilable) 탄소원, 질소원 또는 무기 염류 등의 필요한 영양원을 함유하는 배지를 사용할 수도 있다. 배양 pH, 배양 온도 및 배양 시간 등의 배양 조건은 배양하는 미생물의 종류 및 배양 스케일 등에 따라 적절히 선택할 수 있다.
추출 처리로서, 열수 추출; 유기 용매(예를 들어, 메탄올, 에탄올, 프로판올, 디에틸 에테르, 테트라하이드로푸란, 아세톤, 메틸 에틸 케톤, 아세트산 에틸, 아세토니트릴, 클로로포름, 디클로로메탄, 펜탄, 헥산, 톨루엔 등) 등에 의한 용매 추출; 오토클레이브 등에 의한 가압 추출; 효소 및 계면 활성제 등에 의한 화학적 추출; 초음파 추출; 알칼리 추출(예를 들어, 수산화나트륨, 수산화칼륨, 수산화칼슘, 탄산칼륨 등); 산 추출(예를 들어, 염산, 황산, 아세트산, 인산 등); 침투압(예를 들어, 염화나트륨, 수크로스 등)에 의한 추출; 분쇄에 의한 추출; 마쇄(갈아 으깸)에 의한 추출; 동결 융해에 의한 추출; 액체 질소에 의한 추출; 고속 교반에 의한 추출; 등을 들 수 있다. 우수한 식물 생장 효과를 발휘하는 점 등에서, 추출 처리는 열수 추출인 것이 바람직하다. 추출 처리는 1종류일 수도 있고, 2종류 이상의 추출 처리를 수행할 수도 있다.
열수 추출은 열수에 추출 대상물을 일정 시간 접촉 또는 침지시키는 추출이다. 열수 추출에 이용하는 물의 온도는 40℃ 이상이 바람직하며, 60℃ 이상이 보다 바람직하다.
에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물에는 에르고티오네인이 포함된다. 당해 추출물에 포함되는 에르고티오네인의 농도의 하한은 0.1 ppm 이상일 수도 있고, 1 ppm 이상일 수도 있다. 또한, 당해 추출물에 포함되는 에르고티오네인의 농도의 상한은 10질량% 이하일 수도 있고, 1질량% 이하일 수도 있다.
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물을 유효 성분으로서 포함함으로써, 이에 따라 처리된 식물에서 우수한 생장 촉진 효과를 나타낸다. 본 명세서에서의 「생장 촉진 효과가 우수하다」란, 식물 생장의 지표 중 적어도 하나가 종래 식물 생장 조정제에 비해 우수한 것을 가리킨다. 여기서, 「식물 생장의 지표」란, 예를 들어 식물의 키, 지상부 중량, 지하부 중량, 분얼수, 뿌리 수확량, 줄기 수확량, 잎수, 잎 수확량, 꽃수, 과실수, 과실 수확량, 종자수 및 종자 수확량 등을 들 수 있다. 여기서, 「지상부」란, 지면 또는 수면으로부터 위의 부분을 나타내고, 「지하부」란, 지면 또는 수면으로부터 아래의 부분을 나타낸다.
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는 종자 수확량 증강제, 식물 키 증강(신장)제, 꽃수 증강제, 지상부 중량 증강제 또는 지하부 중량 증강제로서 기능한다.
(적용 대상)
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는 일반적으로 모든 식물에 대한 생장 촉진 효과를 나타내지만, 적용 식물의 예로서 이하를 들 수 있다. 벼, 밀, 보리, 호밀(트리티케일), 귀리, 트리티케일, 옥수수, 수수(sorghum), 사탕수수, 잔디, 벤트 그라스, 버뮤다 그라스, 페스큐 및 라이그라스 등의 벼과류; 대두, 땅콩, 강낭콩, 완두, 팥 및 알팔파 등의 콩과류; 고구마 등의 메꽃과류; 고추, 피망, 토마토, 가지, 감자; 및 담배 등의 가지과류; 메밀 등의 여뀌과류; 해바라기 등의 국화과류; 인삼 등의 두릅나무과류; 애기장대, 유채씨, 배추, 순무, 양배추 및 무, 래디시 등의 유채과류; 사탕무 등의 명아주과류; 목화 등의 아욱과류; 커피나무 등의 꼭두서니과류; 카카오 등의 벽오동과류; 차 등의 동백나무과류; 수박, 멜론, 오이 및 호박 등의 박과류; 양파, 파 및 마늘 등의 백합과류; 딸기, 사과, 아몬드, 살구, 매화, 앵두, 자두, 복숭아 및 배 등의 장미과류; 당근 등의 미나리과류; 토란 등의 토란과류; 망고 등의 옻나무과류; 파인애플 등의 파인애플과류; 파파야 등의 파파야과류; 감 등의 감나무과류; 블루베리 등의 진달래과류; 피칸 등의 호두과류; 바나나 등의 파초과류; 올리브 등의 물푸레나무과류; 코코야자 및 대추야자 등의 야자과류; 귤, 오렌지, 그레이프 프루트 및 레몬 등의 귤과류; 포도 등의 포도과류; 초화(Flowers and ornamental plants); 과수 이외의 나무; 및 그 외 관상용 식물.
또한, 야생 식물, 식물 재배 품종, 이종 교배 및 원형질 융합 등의 종래의 생물 육종에 의해 얻어지는 식물 및 식물 재배 품종, 및 유전자 조작에 의해 얻어지는 유전자 재조합 식물 및 식물 재배 품종을 적용 식물로서 들 수 있다. 유전자 재조합 식물 및 식물 재배 품종으로서는, 예를 들어 제초제 내성 작물, 살충성 단백 생산 유전자를 편입한 해충 내성 작물, 병해에 대한 저항성 유도 물질 생산 유전자를 편입한 병해 내성 작물, 식미(食味) 향상 작물, 수량 향상 작물, 보존성 향상 작물 및 수량 향상 작물 등을 들 수 있다. 각국에서 인가를 받은 유전자 재조합 식물 재배 품종으로서는, 국제 농업 바이오(agri-bio) 사업단(ISAAA)의 데이터 베이스에 축적되어 있는 것을 들 수 있다. 구체적으로는, AgriSure, AgriSure 3000GT, AgriSure 3122 E-Z Refuge, AgriSure 3122 Refuge Renew, AgriSure Artesian 3030A, AgriSure Artesian 3011A, AgriSure Duracade, AgriSure Duracade 5222 E-Z Refuge, AgriSure GT, AgriSure GT/CB/LL, AgriSure RW, AgriSure Viptera 3110, AgriSure Viptera 3111, AgriSure Viptera 3220 E-Z Refuge, AgriSure Viptera 3220 Refuge Renew, BiteGard, Bollgard, Bollgard II, Bollgard II/Roundup Ready, Bollgard 3 XtendFlex Cotton, Bollgard Cotton, Bollgard/Roundup Ready Cotton, B.t., B.t/BXN Cotton, B.t. Maize, BtXtra, BXN, BXN Canola, BXN Cotton, Clearfield, DroughtGard, Enlist, Enlist Cotton, Enlist WideStrike 3 Cotton, Genuity, Genuity Bollgard II XtendFlex, Genuity Intacta RR2 Pro, Genuity SmartStax, Genuity SmartStax RIB Complete, Genuity VT Double Pro, Genuity VT Double Pro RIB Complete, Genuity VT Triple Pro, Genuity VT Triple Pro RIB Complete, GlyTol, GlyTol Cotton, Herculex, Herculex 1, Herculex RW, Herculex XTRA, IMI, IMI Canola, InVigor, KnockOut, Liberty Link, Liberty Link Conola, Liberty Link cotton, NatureGard, Newleaf, Nucotn, Optimum, Optimum AcreMax, Optimum AcreMax I, Optimum AcreMax-R, Optimum AcreMax RW, Optimum AcreMax RW-R, Optimum AcreMax Xtra-R, Optimum AcreMax Xtreme-R, Optimum AcreMax Xtreme, Optimum Intrasect, Optimum Intrasect Xtra, Optimum Intrasect Xtreme, Optimum Leptra, Optimum TRIsect, Poast Compatible, Powercore, Powercore Corn, Powercore Corn Refuge Advanced, Protecta, Roundup Ready, Roundup Ready 2, Roundup Ready Conola, Roundup Ready Cotton, Roundup Ready Xtend, Roundup Ready/YieldGard, RR Flex/Bollgard II, SCS, SmartStax, SmartStax Refuge Advanced, StarLink, Twinlink, VipCot, VipCot Cotton, WideStrike, WideStrike 3, YieldGard, YieldGard Corn Borner, YieldGard Rootworm, YieldGard Plus 및 YieldGard VT Triple 등의 등록 상표를 포함하는 것을 들 수 있다.
(식물 생장 조정제의 그 외 성분 및 제형)
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물을 그대로 식물 생장 조정제로서 사용할 수도 있다. 또한, 당해 추출물을 농축 또는 정제하여 식물 생장 조정제로서 사용할 수도 있다. 또한, 본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물 이외의 다른 성분을 더 포함하고 있을 수도 있다. 예를 들어, 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물을 담체(희석제), 계면 활성제 및 그 외 제제 보조제 등과 혼합하여 분제, 입제, 분입제, 수화제, 수용제, 유제(乳劑), 액제, 유제(油劑), 에어로졸, 마이크로캡슐제, 페이스트제, 도포제, 훈연제, 훈증제 및 미량 살포제 등의 다양한 형태로 제제하여 사용할 수도 있다.
제제 보조제로서 사용하는 담체로서는, 고체 담체 및 액체 담체 등을 들 수 있다. 고체 담체로서는, 분말 담체 및 입상 담체 등으로서 이용되며, 예를 들어 클레이, 탈크, 규조토, 제올라이트(비석), 몬모릴로나이트, 벤토나이트, 카올리나이트, 카올린, 파이로필라이트, 납석, 산성 백토, 활성 백토, 아타풀자이트, 아타펄거스 클레이, 석회석, 방해석, 대리석, 버미큘라이트, 펄라이트, 경석, 규석, 규사, 견운모(세리사이트) 및 도석 등의 광물; 요소 등의 합성 유기물; 탄산칼슘, 탄산나트륨, 탄산마그네슘, 황산나트륨, 황산암모늄, 염화칼륨, 소석회 및 중조 등의 염류; 비정질 실리카(화이트 카본, 흄드 실리카 등) 및 이산화티탄 등의 합성 무기물; 목질 분말, 옥수수 줄기(옥수수대), 호두 껍데기(견과 외피), 과실핵, 겨, 코코넛 껍질, 톱밥, 기울, 대두 분말, 분말 셀룰로오스, 전분, 덱스트린 및 당류(유당, 자당 등) 등의 식물성 담체; 가교 리그닌, 양이온 겔, 가열 또는 다가 금속염으로 겔화하는 젤라틴, 수용성 고분자 겔(한천 등), 염소화 폴리에틸렌, 염소화 폴리프로필렌, 폴리아세트산비닐, 폴리염화비닐, 에틸렌/아세트산비닐 공중합체 및 요소/알데히드 수지 등의 다양한 고분자 담체 등을 들 수 있다.
액체 담체로서는, 예를 들어 파라핀류(노말파라핀, 이소파라핀, 나프텐) 등의 지방족 용제; 크실렌, 알킬벤젠, 알킬나프탈렌 및 솔벤트 나프타 등의 방향족 용제; 등유(케로신) 등의 혼합 용제; 정제 고비점 지방족 탄화수소 등의 머신유; 메탄올, 에탄올, 이소프로판올, 부탄올 및 사이클로헥산올 등의 알코올류; 에틸렌 글리콜, 디에틸렌 글리콜, 프로필렌 글리콜, 디프로필렌 글리콜, 헥실렌 글리콜, 폴리에틸렌 글리콜 및 폴리프로필렌 글리콜 등의 다가 알코올류; 프로필렌계 글리콜 에테르 등의 다가 알코올 유도체류; 아세톤, 아세토페논, 사이클로헥사논, 메틸사이클로헥사논 및 γ-부티로락톤 등의 케톤류; 지방산 메틸 에스테르(야자유 지방산 메틸 에스테르), 젖산 에틸헥실, 탄산 프로필렌 및 이염기산 메틸 에스테르(석신산 디메틸 에스테르, 글루탐산 디메틸 에스테르, 아디프산 디메틸 에스테르) 등의 에스테르류; N-알킬피롤리돈류 및 아세토니트릴 등의 함질소 용제; 디메틸설폭사이드 등의 함황 용제; 야자유, 대두유 및 채종유 등의 유지류; 디메틸포름아미드, N,N-디메틸옥탄아미드, N,N-디메틸데칸아미드, 5-(디메틸아미노)-2-메틸-5-옥소-길초산 메틸 에스테르 및 N-아실모르폴린계 용제(CAS No. 887947-29-7 등) 등의 아미드계 용제; 물 등을 들 수 있다.
제제 보조제로서 사용하는 계면 활성제로서는, 비이온성 계면 활성제, 음이온성 계면 활성제, 양이온성 계면 활성제, 양성 계면 활성제, 실리콘계 계면 활성제, 불소계 계면 활성제 및 바이오 계면 활성제(biosurfactant) 등을 들 수 있다. 비이온성 계면 활성제로서는, 예를 들어 솔비탄 지방산 에스테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 솔비탄 지방산 에스테르, 자당 지방산 에스테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 지방산 에스테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 수지산 에스테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 지방산 디에스테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬 에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬 페닐 에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 디알킬 페닐 에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬 페닐 에테르 포르말린 축합물, 폴리옥시에틸렌/폴리옥시프로필렌 블록 폴리머, 알킬 폴리옥시에틸렌/폴리옥시프로필렌 블록 폴리머 에테르, 알킬 페닐 폴리옥시에틸렌/폴리옥시프로필렌 블록 폴리머 에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬 아민, 폴리옥시에틸렌 지방산 아미드, 폴리옥시에틸렌 지방산 비스페닐 에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 벤질 페닐(또는 페닐페닐) 에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 스티릴페닐(또는 페닐페닐) 에테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 피마자유, 폴리옥시에틸렌 경화 피마자유 및 알킬 글루코시드 등을 들 수 있다.
음이온성 계면 활성제로서는, 예를 들어 알킬 설페이트, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬 에테르 설페이트, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬 페닐 에테르 설페이트, 폴리옥시에틸렌 벤질(또는 스티릴) 페닐(또는 페닐페닐) 에테르 설페이트 및 폴리옥시에틸렌/폴리옥시프로필렌 블록 폴리머 설페이트 등의 설페이트류; 파라핀(알칸) 설포네이트, α-올레핀 설포네이트, 디알킬 설포석시네이트, 알킬벤젠 설포네이트, 모노 또는 디알킬 나프탈렌 설포네이트, 나프탈렌 설포네이트·포르말린 축합물, 알킬 디페닐 에테르 디설포네이트, 리그닌 설포네이트, 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬 페닐 에테르 설포네이트 및 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬 에테르 설포석신산 하프 에스테르 등의 설포네이트류; 지방산, 수지산, 폴리카복실산, 알킬 에테르 카복실레이트, 알케닐 석신산, N-아실아미노산 및 나프텐산 등의 카복실레이트류; 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬 에테르 포스페이트, 폴리옥시에틸렌 모노 또는 디알킬 페닐 에테르 포스페이트, 폴리옥시에틸렌 벤질(또는 스티릴) 페닐(또는 페닐페닐) 에테르 포스페이트, 폴리옥시에틸렌/폴리옥시프로필렌 블록 폴리머 포스페이트 및 알킬 포스페이트 등의 포스페이트류 등을 들 수 있다.
양이온성 계면 활성제로서는, 예를 들어 알킬 아민 및 알킬 펜타메틸 프로필렌디아민 등의 아민류의 염; 알킬 트리메틸 암모늄, 메틸 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬 암모늄, 메틸 폴리옥시에틸렌 알킬 암모늄, 알킬피리디늄, 모노 또는 디알킬메틸화 암모늄, 알킬디메틸 벤잘코늄 및 벤제토늄(옥틸페녹시 에톡시 에틸 디메틸 벤질 암모늄) 등의 암모늄류의 염류 등을 들 수 있다.
양성 계면 활성제로서는, 예를 들어 디알킬 디아미노에틸 베타인, 알킬 디메틸벤질 베타인 및 레시틴(포스파티딜콜린, 포스파티딜에탄올아민 등) 등을 들 수 있다.
실리콘계 계면 활성제로서는, 예를 들어 트리실록산 에톡실레이트 등을 들 수 있다.
불소 계면 활성제로서는, 예를 들어 퍼플루오로알킬 카복실산염, 퍼플루오로알킬 설폰산염 및 퍼플루오로알킬 트리메틸암모늄염 등을 들 수 있다.
바이오 계면 활성제로서는, 예를 들어 소포로리피드, 람노리피드, 트레할로스 리피드, 만노실 알디톨 리피드, 셀로비오스 리피드, 글루코스 리피드, 올리고당 지방산 에스테르, 스피쿨리스포르산(spiculisporic acid), 코리노미콜산(corynomycolic acid), 아가리틴산(agaritinic acid), 서팩틴, 세라웨틴, 비스코신, 라이켄신, 아스로팍틴(arthrofactin), 에멀전 및 알라산 등을 들 수 있다.
그 외 제제용 보조제로서는, pH 조절제로서 사용되는 무기 염류(나트륨, 칼륨 등) 등; 식염 등의 수용성 염류; 증점제로서 사용되는 잔탄검, 구아검, 카복시 메틸 셀룰로오스, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 카복시비닐 폴리머, 아크릴계 폴리머, 폴리비닐 알코올, 전분 유도체, 수용성 고분자(다당류 등), 알긴산 및 그의 염 등; 붕괴 분산제로서 사용되는 스테아르산 금속염, 트리폴리인산 소다, 헥사메타인산 소다 등; 방부제로서 사용되는 안식향산 및 그의 염, 소르브산 및 그의 염, 프로피온산 및 그의 염, p-하이드록시안식향산, p-하이드록시안식향산 메틸, 1,2-벤즈티아졸린-3-온 등; 보충제로서 사용되는 폴리인산 나트륨, 폴리아크릴산 나트륨, 리그닌 설폰산 나트륨, 구연산 나트륨, 글루콘산/글루코헵탄산 나트륨, 에틸렌디아민사초산 및 그의 디나트륨염 또는 암모늄염 등; 착색제로서 사용되는 안료, 염료 등; 소포제로서 사용되는 불소계 소포제, 실리콘계 소포제, 에틸렌 옥사이드/프로필렌 옥사이드 공중합체 등; 산화방지제로서 사용되는 페놀계 산화방지제, 아민계 산화방지제, 황계 산화방지제, 인산계 산화방지제 등; 자외선 흡수제로서 사용되는 살리실산계 자외선 흡수제, 벤조페논계 자외선 흡수제 등; 건조제로서 사용되는 생석회, 산화마그네슘 등; 그 외, 전착제 및 약해 경감제 등을 들 수 있다.
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제 중의 유효 성분의 함유량은 0.1 ppm 이상일 수도 있으며, 또한 1 ppm 이상일 수도 있다. 또한, 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물의 사용량은 밭, 논, 과수원 및 온실 등의 농원예지 1 ha당 0.0001 kg 이상일 수도 있으며, 0.001 kg 이상일 수도 있다. 유효 성분의 농도 및 사용량은 제형, 사용 시기, 사용 방법, 사용 장소 및 대상 식물 등에 따라서도 상이하기 때문에, 상기 범위로 구애되지 않고 증감하는 것이 가능하다.
(다른 유효 성분)
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는 이미 알려진 다른 유효 성분과 조합하여 식물 생장 조정제로서의 성능을 높여 사용할 수도 있다. 이미 알려진 다른 유효 성분으로서는, 이미 알려진 식물 생장 조절제, 살균제, 살충제, 살진드기제, 살선충제 및 제초제에 포함되는 유효 성분을 들 수 있다.
이미 알려진 식물 생장 조정제의 유효 성분으로서는, 예를 들어 산화형 글루타티온, L-글루탐산, L-프롤린, 아미노에톡시비닐글리신, 클로르메?R(chlormequat), 클로르프로팜(chlorpropham), 사이클라닐리드(cyclanilide), 디케굴락(dikegulac), 다미노지드(daminozide), 에테폰(ethephon), 플루르프리미돌(flurprimidol), 플루메트랄린(flumetralin), 포클로르페뉴론(forchlorfenuron), 지베렐린(gibberellin), 말레산 히드라지드염, 메피?R 클로라이드(mepiquat chloride), 메틸사이클로프로펜, 벤질아미노푸린(benzylaminopurine), 파클로부트라졸(paclobutrazol), 프로헥사디온(prohexadione), 티디아주론(thidiazuron), 트리부틸 포스포로트리티오에이트(tributyl phosphorotrithioate), 트리넥사팍에틸(trinexapac-ethyl), 유니코나졸(uniconazole), 1-나프탈렌아세트산 나트륨, 1-나프틸아세트아미드, 1-메틸사이클로프로펜, 4-CPA(4-클로로페녹시아세트산), MCPB(2-메틸-4-클로로페녹시부티르산에틸), 이소프로티올레인, 이타콘산, 인돌부티르산, 에티클로제이트(Ethychlozate), 포름산 칼슘, 클로르메?R, 콜린, 시안아미드, 디클로르프롭(dichlorprop), 지베렐린, 다미노지드(daminozide), 데실 알코올, 트리올레산 솔비탄, 니코설퓨론(nicosulfuron), 피라플루펜에틸, 부트랄린(butralin), 프로하이드로자스몬(prohydrojasmon), 아니시플루퓨린(anisiflupurin) 및 펜디메탈린(pendimethalin) 등을 들 수 있다.
살균제 용도로 적합한 유효한 성분으로서는, 예를 들어 핵산 합성 대사 저해제, 세포 골격과 모터 단백질에 작용하는 살균제, 호흡 저해제, 아미노산·단백질 생합성 저해제, 시그널 전달 저해제, 지질 생합성 또는 수송/세포막의 구조 또는 기능 저해제, 세포막의 스테롤 생합성 저해제, 세포벽 생합성 저해제, 멜라닌 생합성 저해제, 숙주 식물의 저항성 유도제, 다작용점 살균제 및 복수의 작용 기구를 갖는 생물 농약/생물 유래의 농약 등을 들 수 있다.
구체적으로는, 핵산 합성 대사 저해제로서는 베나락실(benalaxyl), 베나락실 M 또는 키랄락실, 푸랄락실(furalaxyl), 메탈락실(metalaxyl), 메탈락실 M 또는 메페녹삼, 오퓨레이스(ofurace), 옥사딕실(oxadixyl), 부피리메이트(bupirimate), 디메티리몰(dimethirimol), 에티리몰(ethirimol), 하이드록시이소옥사졸, 옥틸리논(octhilinone) 및 옥솔린산(oxolinic acid) 등을 들 수 있다.
또한, 세포 골격과 모터 단백질에 작용하는 살균제로서는, 베노밀(benomyl), 카벤다짐(carbendazim), 푸베리다졸(fuberidazole), 티아벤다졸(thiabendazole), 티오파네이트(thiophanate), 티오파네이트메틸, 디에토펜카브(diethofencarb), 에타복삼(ethaboxam), 펜사이큐론(pencycuron), 족사마이드(zoxamide), 플루오피콜라이드(fluopicolide), 플루오피모미드(fluopimomide), 페나마크릴(phenamacril), 메트라페논(metrafenone) 및 피리오페논(pyriofenone) 등을 들 수 있다.
또한, 호흡 저해제로서는, 디플루메토림(diflumetorim), 페나자퀸(fenazaquin), 톨펜피라드(tolfenpyrad), 베노다닐(benodanil), 벤조빈디플루피르(benzovindiflupyr), 빅사펜(bixafen), 보스칼리드(boscalid), 카복신(carboxin), 펜푸란, 플루베네테람, 플루인다피르(fluindapyr), 플루오피람(fluopyram), 플루톨라닐(flutolanil), 플룩사피록사드(fluxapyroxad), 푸라메트피르(furametpyr), 인피르플룩삼(inpyrfluxam), 이소페타미드(isofetamid), 이소플루시프람(isoflucypram), 이소피라잠(isopyrazam), 메프로닐(mepronil), 옥시카복신(oxycarboxin), 펜플루펜(penflufen), 펜티오피라드(penthiopyrad), 피디플루메토펜(pydiflumetofen), 피라프로포인(pyrapropoyne), 피라지플루미드(pyraziflumid), 세닥산(sedaxane), 티플루자미드(thifluzamide), 아족시스트로빈(azoxystrobin), 쿠목시스트로빈(coumoxystrobin), 디목시스트로빈(dimoxystrobin), 에네스트로빈(enestrobin), 에녹사스트로빈(enoxastrobin), 파목사돈(famoxadone), 페나미돈(fenamidone), 페나민스트로빈(fenaminstrobin), 플루페녹시스트로빈(flufenoxystrobin), 플루옥사스트로빈(fluoxastrobin), 크레속심메틸(kresoxim-methyl), 만데스트로빈(mandestrobin), 메토미노스트로빈(metominostrobin), 메틸테트라프롤(metyltetraprole), 오리사스트로빈(orysastrobin), 피콕시스트로빈(picoxystrobin, 피라클로스트로빈(pyraclostrobin), 피라메토스트로빈(pyrametostrobin), 피라옥시스트로빈(pyraoxystrobin), 피리벤카브(pyribencarb), 트리클로피리카브(triclopyricarb), 트리플록시스트로빈(trifloxystrobin), 아미설브롬(amisulbrom), 시아조파미드(cyazofamid), 펜피콕사미드(fenpicoxamid), 플로릴피콕사미드(florylpicoxamid), 메타릴피콕사미드(mtarylpicoxamid), 비나파크릴(binapacryl), 디노캅(dinocap), 플루아지남(fluazinam), 멥틸디노캅(meptyldinocap), 아세트산 트리페닐 주석, 염화트리페닐 주석, 수산화 트리페닐 주석, 실티오팜(silthiopham) 및 아메톡트라딘(ametoctradin) 등을 들 수 있다.
또한, 아미노산 및 단백질 생합성 저해제로서는, 사이프로디닐(cyprodinil), 메파니피림(mepanipyrim), 피리메타닐(pyrimethanil), 블라스티시딘(blasticidin) S, 가스가마이신(kasugamycin), 스트렙토마이신(streptomycin) 및 옥시테트라사이클린(oxytetracycline) 등을 들 수 있다.
또한, 시그널 전달 저해제로서는, 프로퀴나지드(proquinazid), 퀴녹시펜(quinoxyfen), 플루디옥소닐(fludioxonil), 클로졸리네이트(chlozolinate), 디메타클론(dimethachlon), 펜피클로닐(fenpiclonil), 이프로디온(iprodione), 프로사이미돈(procymidone) 및 빈클로졸린(vinclozolin) 등을 들 수 있다.
또한, 지질 생합성 또는 수송/세포막의 구조 또는 기능 저해제로서는, 에디펜포스(EDDP), 이프로벤포스(IBP), 이소프로티올란(isoprothiolane), 피라조포스(pyrazophos), 비페닐, 클로로넵(chloroneb), 디클로란(CNA), 에트리디아졸(echlomezol), 퀸토젠(PCNB), 테크나젠(TCNB), 톨클로포스메틸(tolclofos-methyl), 아이오도카브(iodocarb), 프로파모카브(propamocarb), 프로티오카브(prothiocarb), 멜라루카 알터니폴리아(티트리)의 추출물, 식물유류 혼합물(유제놀, 게라니올, 티몰), 나타마이신(natamycin)(피마리신), 플루옥사피프롤린(fluoxapiprolin) 및 옥사티아피프롤린(oxathiapiprolin) 등을 들 수 있다.
세포막의 스테롤 생합성 저해제로서는, 아자코나졸(azaconazole), 비터타놀(bitertanol), 브로무코나졸(bromuconazole), 사이프로코나졸(cyproconazole), 디페노코나졸(difenoconazole), 디니코나졸(diniconazole), 에폭시코나졸(epoxiconazole), 에타코나졸(etaconazole), 펜부코나졸(fenbuconazole), 플루옥시티오코나졸(fluoxytioconazole), 플루퀸코나졸(fluquinconazole), 플루실라졸(flusilazole), 플루트리아폴(flutriafol), 헥사코나졸(hexaconazole), 이마잘릴(imazalil), 이미벤코나졸(imibenconazole), 이프코나졸(ipconazole), 입펜트리플루코나졸(ipfentrifluconazole), 메펜트리플루코나졸(mefentrifluconazole), 메트코나졸(metconazole), 마이클로부타닐(myclobutanil), 옥스포코나졸(oxpoconazole), 페푸라조에이트(pefurazoate), 펜코나졸(penconazole), 프로클로라즈(prochloraz), 프로피코나졸(propiconazole), 프로티오코나졸(prothioconazole), 시메코나졸(simeconazole), 테부코나졸(tebuconazole), 테트라코나졸(tetraconazole), 트리아디메폰(triadimefon), 트리아디메놀(triadimenol), 트리플루미졸(triflumizole), 트리티코나졸(triticonazole), 페나리몰(fenarimol), 뉴아리몰(nuarimol), 피리페녹스(pyrifenox), 피리속사졸(pyrisoxazole), 트리포린(triforine), 메틸(2RS)-2-[2-클로로-4-(4-클로로페녹시)페닐]-2-하이드록시-3-(1H-1, 2, 4-트리아졸-1-일)프로파노에이트, 1-((1H-1, 2, 4-트리아졸-1-일)메틸)-5-(4-클로로벤질)-2-(클로로메틸)-2-메틸사이클로펜탄-1-올, 메틸2-((1H-1, 2, 4-트리아졸-1-일)메틸)-3-(4-클로로벤질)-2-하이드록시-1-메틸사이클로펜탄-1-카복실레이트, 알디모르프(aldimorph), 도데모르프(dodemorph), 펜프로피모르프(fenpropimorph), 트리데모르프(tridemorph), 펜프로피딘(fenpropidin), 피페랄린(piperalin), 스피록사민(spiroxamine), 펜헥사미드(fenhexamid), 펜피라자민(fenpyrazamine), 피리부티카브(pyributicarb), 나프티핀(naftifine) 및 테르비나핀(terbinafine) 등을 들 수 있다.
세포벽 생합성 저해제로서는, 폴리옥신(polyoxin), 벤티아발리카브(benthiavalicarb)(벤티아발리카브이소프로필), 디메토모르프(dimethomorph), 플루모르프(flumorph), 이프로발리카브(iprovalicarb), 만디프로파미드(mandipropamid), 피리모르프(pyrimorph) 및 발리페날레이트(valifenalate) 등을 들 수 있다.
멜라닌 생합성 저해제로서는, 프탈리드(fthalide), 피로퀼론(pyroquilon), 트리사이클라졸(tricyclazole), 카프로파미드(carpropamid), 디클로사이메트(diclocymet), 페녹사닐(fenoxanil) 및 톨프로카브(tolprocarb) 등을 들 수 있다.
숙주 식물의 저항성 유도제로서는, 아시벤졸라S메틸(acibenzolar-S-methyl), 프로베나졸(probenazole), 티아디닐(tiadinil), 이소티아닐(isothianil), 라미나린, 대호장근 추출액, 바실러스·마이코이데스 분리주 J, 사카로미세스·세레비시아 LAS117주의 세포벽, 포세틸(포세틸알루미늄, 포세틸칼륨, 포세틸나트륨), 인산, 인산염 및 디클로벤티아족스(dichlobentiazox) 등을 들 수 있다.
다작용점 살균제로서는, 퍼밤(ferbam), 만제브(manzeb), 만네브(maneb), 메티람(metiram), 프로피네브(propineb), 티우람(thiuram), 티아졸 아연, 지네브(zineb), 지람(ziram), 아모밤(amobam), 아닐라진(anilazine), 디티아논(dithianon), 디클로플루아니드(dichlofluanid), 톨릴플루아니드(tolylfluanid), 구아자틴(guazatine), 이미녹타딘 아세트산염(iminoctadine acetate), 이미녹타딘 알베실산염(iminoctadine albesilate), 구리 또는 다양한 구리염(예를 들어 염기성 염화구리, 수산화제이구리, 염기성 황산구리, 황산구리, 유기 구리(옥신 구리), 노닐페놀 설폰산 구리, DBEDC 등), 황, 캡탄(captan), 캡타폴(captafol), 폴펫(folpet), TPN(클로로탈로닐), 퀴녹살린계(키노메티오네이트), 플루오로이미드 및 메타설포카브(methasulfocarb) 등을 들 수 있다.
복수의 작용 기구를 갖는 생물 농약/생물 유래의 농약으로서, 바실러스·서브틸리스 AFS032321주, 바실러스·아밀로리퀴파시엔스 QST713주, 바실러스·아밀로리퀴파시엔스 FZB24주, 바실러스·아밀로리퀴파시엔스 MBI600주, 바실러스·아밀로리퀴파시엔스 D747주, 바실러스·아밀로리퀴파시엔스 F727주, 크로노스타치스·로세아 CR-7주, 글리오클라디움·카테눌라툼 J1446주, 슈도모나스·클로로라피스 AFS009주, 스트렙토마이세스·그리세오비리디스 K61주, 스트렙토마이세스·리디커스 WYEC108주, 트리코델마·아트로비리데 I-1237주, 트리코델마·아트로비리데 LU132주, 트리코델마·아트로비리데 SC1주, 트리코델마·아스퍼렐룸 T34주, 스윙레아·글루티노사로부터의 추출물 및 루피너스 묘목의 자엽으로부터의 추출물 등을 들 수 있다.
그 외 살균제 용도의 화합물로서, 클로로인코나지드, 세복틸아민, 플루메틸술포림(flumetylsulforim), 플루페녹사디아잠(flufenoxadiazam), 사이플루페나미드(cyflufenamid), 사이목사닐(cymoxanil), 디클로메진(diclomezine), 디피메티트론(dipymetitrone), 도딘(dodine), 페니트로판(fenitropan), 페림존(ferimzone), 플루설파미드(flusulfamide), 플루티아닐(flutianil), 하핀(harpin), 무기 염류(탄산수소염(탄산수소나트륨, 탄산수소칼륨), 탄산칼륨), 이프플루페노퀸(ipflufenoquin), 키노프롤(kinoprol), 천연물 기원, 머신유, 유기유, 피카뷰트라족스(picarbutrazox), 피리다클로메틸(pyridachlometyl), 퀴노푸멜린(quinofumelin), 테부플로퀸(tebufloquin), 테클로프탈람(tecloftalam)(살세균제), 트리아족시드(triazoxide), 발리다마이신(validamycin), 아미노피리펜(aminopyrifen) 및 표고버섯 균사체 추출물 등을 들 수 있다.
살충제, 살진드기제 및 살선충제 용도로 적합한 유효한 성분으로서는, 예를 들어 아세틸콜린 에스테라아제(AChE) 저해제, GABA 작동성 염화물 이온 채널 블로커, 나트륨 채널 모듈레이터, 니코틴성 아세틸콜린 수용체(nAChR) 경합적 모듈레이터, 니코틴성 아세틸콜린 수용체(nAChR) 알로스테릭 모듈레이터, 글루탐산 작동성 염소 이온 채널(GluCl) 알로스테릭 모듈레이터, 유약(juvenile) 호르몬 유사제, 그 외 비특이적(멀티사이트) 저해제, 현음 기관 TRPV 채널 모듈레이터, CHS1에 작용하는 진드기류 성장 저해제, 미생물 유래 곤충 중장(中腸) 내막 파괴제, 미토콘드리아 ATP 합성 효소 저해제, 양성자 구배를 교란하는 산화적 인산화 탈공역제, 니코틴성 아세틸콜린 수용체(nAChR) 채널 블로커, CHS1에 작용하는 키틴 생합성 저해제, 키틴 생합성 저해제(타입 1), 탈피 저해제(파리목 곤충), 탈피 호르몬(에크디손) 수용체 아고니스트, 옥토파민 수용체 아고니스트, 미토콘드리아 전자 전달계 복합체 III 저해제, 미토콘드리아 전자 전달계 복합체 I 저해제(METI), 전위 의존성 나트륨 채널 블로커, 아세틸 CoA 카르복실라제 저해제, 미토콘드리아 전자 전달계 복합체 IV 저해제, 미토콘드리아 전자 전달계 복합체 II 저해제, 리아노딘 수용체 모듈레이터, 현음 기관 모듈레이터, GABA 작동성 염화물 이온 채널 알로스테릭 모듈레이터 및 바큘로바이러스 등을 들 수 있다.
아세틸콜린 에스테라아제(AChE) 저해제로서는, 알라니카브(alanycarb), 알디카브(aldicarb), 벤디오카브(bendiocarb), 벤퓨라카브(benfuracarb), 부토카복심(butocarboxim), 부톡시카복심(butoxycarboxim), NAC(카바릴), 카보푸란(carbofuran), 카보설판(carbosulfan), 에티오펜카브(ethiofencarb), BPMC(페노부카브), 페노티오카브(fenothiocarb), 포메타네이트(formetanate), 푸라티오카브(furathiocarb), MIPC(이소프로카브), 메티오카브(methiocarb), 메토밀(methomyl), MTMC(메톨카브), 옥사밀(oxamyl), 프리미카브(pirimicarb), PHC(프로폭서), 티오디카브(thiodicarb), 티오파녹스(thiofanox), 트리아자메이트(triazamate), 트리메타카브(trimethacarb), XMC, MPMC(크실릴카브), 아세페이트(acephate), 아자메티포스(azamethiphos), 아진포스에틸(azinphos-ethyl), 아진포스메틸(azinphos-methyl), 카두사포스(cadusafos), 클로레톡시포스(chlorethoxyfos), CVP(클로르펜빈포스), 클로르메포스(chlormephos), 클로르피리포스(chlorpyrifos), 클로르피리포스메틸, 코우마포스(coumaphos), CYAP(시아노포스), 디메톤-S-메틸, 디아지논(diazinon), DDVP(디클로르보스), 디크로토포스(dicrotophos), 디메토에이트(dimethoate), 디메틸빈포스(dimethylvinphos), 에틸티오메톤(ethylthiometon)(디설포톤(disulfoton)), EPN, 에티온(ethion), 에토프로포스(ethoprophos), 팜푸르(famphur), 페나미포스(fenamiphos), MEP(페니트로티온), MPP(펜티온), 포스티아제이트(fosthiazate), 헵테노포스(heptenophos), 이미시아포스(Imicyafos), 이소펜포스(isofenphos), 이소프로필 O-(메톡시아미노티오포스포릴)살리실레이트, 이속사티온(isoxathion), 말라티온(malathion), 메카밤(mecarbam), 메타미도포스(methamidophos), DMTP(메티다티온), 메빈포스(mevinphos), 모노크로토포스(monocrotophos), BRP(날레드), 오메토에이트(omethoate), 옥시디메톤메틸, 파라티온(parathion), 메틸파라티온(파라티온메틸), PAP(펜토에이트), 포레이트(phorate), 포살론(phosalone), PMP(포스메트), 포스파미돈(phosphamidon), 폭심(phoxim), 피리미포스메틸(pirimiphos-methyl), 프로페노포스(profenofos), 프로페탐포스(propetamphos), 프로티오포스(prothiofos), 피라클로포스(pyraclofos), 피리다펜티온(pyridaphenthion), 퀴날포스(quinalphos), 설포텝(sulfotep), 테부피림포스(tebupirimfos), 테메포스(temephos), 테르부포스(terbufos), CVMP(테트라클로르빈포스), 티오메톤(thiometon), 트리아조포스(triazophos), DEP(트리클로르폰) 및 바미도티온(vamidothion) 등 을 들 수 있다.
GABA 작동성 염화물 이온 채널 블로커로서는, 클로르단(chlordane), 벤조에핀(benzoepin)(엔도설판), 디에노클로르(dienochlor), 에티프롤(ethiprole), 피프로닐(fipronil), 피리프롤(pyriprole) 및 니코플루프롤(nicofluprole) 등을 들 수 있다.
나트륨 채널 모듈레이터로서는, 아크리나트린(acrinathrin), 알레트린(allethrin)(알레트린, d-시스-트랜스, d-트랜스-이성체), 비펜트린(bifenthrin), 바이오알레트린(bioallethrin)(바이오알레트린, S-사이클로페네틸-이성체), 바이오레스메트린(bioresmethrin), 클로로프랄레트린(chloroprallethrin), 클로르펜손(chlorfenson), 사이클로프로트린(cycloprothrin), 사이플루트린(cyfluthrin)(사이플루트린, β-이성체), 사이할로트린(cyhalothrin)(사이할로트린, λ-, γ-이성체), 사이퍼메트린(cypermethrin)(사이퍼메트린, α-, β-, θ-, ζ-이성체), 사이페노트린(cyphenothrin)[(1R)-트랜스 이성체], 델타메트린(deltamethrin), 디메플루트린(dimefluthrin), 엠펜트린(empenthrin)[(EZ)-(1R)-이성체], 에스펜발러레이트(esfenvalerate), 에토펜프록스(etofenprox), 펜프로파트린(fenpropathrin), 펜발러레이트(fenvalerate), 플루브로시트리네이트(flubrocythrinate), 플루시트리네이트(flucythrinate), 플루메트린(flumethrin), 플루발리네이트(fluvalinate)(τ-플루발리네이트), 할펜프록스(halfenprox), 이미프로트린(imiprothrin), 카데트린(kadethrin), 메토플루트린(metofluthrin), 몸플루오로트린(momfluorothrin), 엡실론 메토플루트린, 엡실론 몸플루오로트린, 퍼메트린(permethrin), 페노트린(phenothrin)[(1R)-트랜스 이성체], 프랄레트린(prallethrin), 프로플루트린(profluthrin), 피레트린(pyrethrine), 레스메트린(resmethrin), 실라플루오펜(silafluofen), 테플루트린(tefluthrin), 프탈트린(테트라메트린), 테트라메트린[(1R)-이성체], 트랄로메트린(tralomethrin), 트랜스플루트린(transfluthrin), DDT, 메톡시클로르(methoxychlor), 알드린(aldrin), 디엘드린(dieldrin) 및 린덴(lindane) 등을 들 수 있다.
니코틴성 아세틸콜린 수용체(nAChR) 경합적 모듈레이터로서는, 아세타미프리드(acetamiprid), 클로티아니딘(clothianidin), 디노테퓨란(dinotefuran), 이미다클로프리드(imidacloprid), 니텐피람(nitenpyram), 티아클로프리드(thiacloprid), 티아메톡삼(thiamethoxam), 황산니코틴(니코틴), 술폭사플로르(sulfoxaflor), 플루피라디퓨론(flupyradifuron), 디클로로메조티아즈(dicloromezotiaz), 펜메조디티아즈(fenmezoditiaz) 및 트리플루메조피림(triflumezopyrim) 등을 들 수 있다.
니코틴성 아세틸콜린 수용체(nAChR) 알로스테릭 모듈레이터로서는, 스피네토람(spinetoram), 스피노사드(spinosad), 플루피리민(flupyrimin) 및 GS-오메가/카파 HXTX-Hv1a 펩타이드 등을 들 수 있다.
글루탐산 작동성 염소 이온 채널(GluCl) 알로스테릭 모듈레이터로서는, 아바멕틴, 에마멕틴 안식향산염, 레피멕틴 및 밀베멕틴 등을 들 수 있다.
유약 호르몬 유사제로서는, 하이드로프렌, 키노프렌(kinoprene), 메토프렌(methoprene), 페녹시카브(fenoxycarb) 및 피리프록시펜(pyriproxyfen) 등을 들 수 있다.
그 외 비특이적(멀티사이트) 저해제로서는, 브롬화메틸(메틸 브로마이드), 그 외 할로겐화 알킬류, 클로로피크린, 불화 알루미늄 나트륨, 불화 설퍼릴, 붕사, 붕산, 옥타붕산 이나트륨염, 메타붕산 나트륨염, 토주석, 다조멧, 카밤(메탐 암모늄염), 메탐 나트륨염(카밤 나트륨염) 및 메틸이소티오시아네이트(이소티오시안산메틸) 등을 들 수 있다.
현음 기관 TRPV 채널 모듈레이터로서는, 피메트로진(pymetrozine), 피리플루퀴나존(pyrifluquinazon) 및 아피도피로펜(afidopyropen) 등을 들 수 있다.
CHS1에 작용하는 진드기류 성장 저해제로서는, 클로펜테진(clofentezine), 디플로비다진(diflovidazin), 헥시티아족스(hexythiazox) 및 에톡사졸(etoxazole) 등을 들 수 있다.
미생물 유래 곤충 중장 내막 파괴제로서는, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, B.t. 작물에 포함되는 단백질(Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1) 및 Bacillus sphaericus 등을 들 수 있다.
미토콘드리아 ATP 합성 효소 저해제로서는, 디아펜티우론(diafenthiuron), 아조사이클로틴(azocyclotin), 수산화 트리사이클로헥실주석(사이헥사틴(cyhexatin)), 산화 펜부타주석, BPPS(프로파자이트) 및 테트라디폰(tetradifon) 등을 들 수 있다.
양성자 구배를 교란하는 산화적 인산화 탈공역제로서는, 클로르페나피르(chlorfenapyr), DNOC 및 설플루라미드(sulfluramid) 등을 들 수 있다.
니코틴성 아세틸콜린 수용체(nAChR) 채널 블로커로서는, 벤설탑(bnsultap), 카탑(cartap) 염산염, 티오사이클람(thiocyclam), 티오설탑(thiosultap) 나트륨염 및 모노설탑(monosultap) 등을 들 수 있다.
CHS1에 작용하는 키틴 생합성 저해제로서는, 비스트리플루론(bistrifluron), 클로르플루아주론(chlorfluazuron), 디플루벤주론(diflubenzuron), 플루사이크록수론(flucycloxuron), 플루페녹수론(flufenoxuron), 헥사플루뮤론(hexaflumuron), 루페뉴론(lufenuron), 노발루론(novaluron), 노비플루뮤론(noviflumuron), 테플루벤주론(teflubenzuron) 및 트리플루뮤론(triflumuron) 등을 들 수 있다.
키틴 생합성 저해제(타입 1)로서는, 뷰프로페진(buprofezin) 등을 들 수 있다.
탈피 저해제(파리목 곤충)로서는, 사이로마진(cyromazine) 등을 들 수 있다.
탈피 호르몬(에크디손) 수용체 아고니스트로서는, 크로마페노지드(chromafenozide), 할로페노지드(halofenozide), 메톡시페노지드(methoxyfenozide) 및 테부페노지드(tebufenozide) 등을 들 수 있다.
옥토파민 수용체 아고니스트로서는, 아미트라즈(amitraz) 등을 들 수 있다.
미토콘드리아 전자 전달계 복합체 III 저해제로서는, 하이드라메틸논, 아세퀴노실(acequinocyl), 플루아크리피림(fluacrypyrim) 및 비페나제이트(bifenazate) 등을 들 수 있다.
미토콘드리아 전자 전달계 복합체 I 저해제(METI)로서는, 페나자퀸, 펜피록시메이트(fenpyroximate), 피리다벤(pyridaben), 피리미디펜(pyrimidifen), 테부펜피라드(tebufenpyrad), 톨펜피라드 및 데리스(로테논) 등을 들 수 있다.
전위 의존성 나트륨 채널 블로커로서는, 인독사카브(indoxacarb) 및 메타플루미존(metaflumizone) 등을 들 수 있다.
아세틸 CoA 카르복실라제 저해제로서는, 스피로디클로펜(spirodiclofen), 스피로메시펜(spiromesifen), 스피로피디온(spiropidion), 스피독사매트(spidoxamat) 및 스피로테트라매트(Spirotetramat) 등을 들 수 있다.
미토콘드리아 전자 전달계 복합 IV 저해제로서는, 인화알루미늄, 인화칼슘, 인화수소, 인화아연, 청산(시안화칼슘·시안화나트륨) 및 시안화칼륨 등을 들 수 있다.
미토콘드리아 전자 전달계 복합 II 저해제로서는, 사이에노피라펜(cyenopyrafen), 사이에트피라펜(cyetpyrafen), 사이플루메토펜(cyflumetofen), 피플루부미드(pyflubumide) 및 사이클로부트리플루람(cyclobutrifluram) 등을 들 수 있다.
리아노딘 수용체 모듈레이터로서는, 클로란트라닐리프롤(chlorantraniliprole), 시안트라닐리프롤(cyantraniliprole), 사이클라닐리프롤(cyclaniliprole), 플루벤디아미드(flubendiamide), 테트라닐리프롤(tetraniliprole), 플루클로르디닐리프롤, 테트라클로란트라닐리프롤, 사이할로디아미드(cyhalodiamide) 및 사이프로플라닐리드(cyproflanilide) 등을 들 수 있다.
현음 기관 모듈레이터로서는, 플로니카미드(flonicamid) 등을 들 수 있다.
GABA 작동성 염화물 이온 채널 알로스테릭 모듈레이터로서는, 브로플라닐리드(broflanilide), 플룩사메타미드(fluxametamide) 및 이소사이클로세람(isocycloseram) 등을 들 수 있다.
바큘로바이러스로서는, 코드린나방 Cydia pomonella GV, 유사 코드린나방 Thaumatotibia leucotreta GV, 벨벳빈 카터필러 Anticarsis gemmatalis MNPV 및 왕담배나방 Helicoverpa armigera NPV 등을 들 수 있다.
그 외 살충제, 살진드기제 및 살선충제로서는, 아자디라크틴(azadirachtin), 벤조메이트(벤족시메이트), 페니소브로모레이트(브로모프로필레이트), 퀴녹살린계(키노메티오네이트), 켈센(디코폴), 석회황합제, 만제브, 피리달릴(pyridalyl), 황, 아사이노나피르(acynonapyr), 아미도플루메트(amidoflumet), 벤즈피리목산(benzpyrimoxan), 플루아자인돌리진(fluazaindolizine), 플루엔설폰(fluensulfone), 플루헥사폰(fluhexafon), 플루펜티오페녹스(flupentiofenox), 플로메토퀸(flometoquin), 메트알데하이드(metaldehyde), 티클로피라조플로르(tyclopyrazoflor), 딤프로피리다즈(dimpropyridaz), 트리플루엔푸로네이트(trifluenfuronate), 인다자피록사메트(indazapyroxamet), 버크홀데리아속균, 올바키아·피피엔티스(Zap), 에파조테 추출물, 글리세린 또는 프로판디올을 갖는 지방산 모노에스테르, 님 오일(neem oil), 머신유, 유채씨유, 조합유(調合油), 전분, 환원 전분 당화물, 올레산나트륨, 인산제이철, 네마덱틴(nemadectin), 보베리아·베시아나(Beauveria bassiana)주, 메타리지움·아니소필에(Metarhizium anisopliae)주(F52), 패실로마이세스·푸모소로세우스·아포프카(paecilomyces fumosoroseus Apopka)주(97), 규조토, DCIP(디클로로 디이소프로필 에테르), D-D(1, 3 디클로로프로펜), 염산 레바미솔(levamisole), 주석산 모란텔 및 티옥사자펜 등을 들 수 있다.
제초제 용도로 적합한 유효한 성분으로서는, 예를 들어 아세토젖산 합성(ALS) 저해제 화합물, 아미노산계 화합물, 사이클로헥산디온계 화합물, 아세트아미드계 화합물, 비피리딜리움계 화합물, 아릴옥시페녹시프로피온산계 화합물, 카바메이트계 화합물, 피리딘계 화합물, 우레아계 화합물, 디니트로아닐린계 화합물, 프로토포르피리노겐 산화 효소(PPO) 저해 화합물, 페녹시아세트산계 화합물, 하이드록시페닐피루브산 디옥시제나제 효소(HPPD) 저해 화합물 및 트리아진계 화합물 등을 들 수 있다.
아세토젖산 합성(ALS) 저해제 화합물로서는, 이마자메타벤즈 및 이마자메타벤즈메틸, 이마자목스, 이미자픽, 이마자피르, 이마자퀸, 이마제타피르, 아미도설퓨론, 아짐설퓨론, 벤설퓨론 및 벤설퓨론메틸, 클로리뮤론 및 클로리뮤론메틸, 클로리뮤론에틸, 클로르설퓨론, 시노설퓨론, 사이클로설파뮤론, 에타메트설퓨론 및 에타메트설퓨론메틸, 에톡시설퓨론, 플라자설퓨론, 플루세토설퓨론, 플루피르설퓨론, 플루피르설퓨론메틸 및 그의 염, 포람설퓨론, 할로설퓨론, 할로설퓨론메틸, 이마조설퓨론, 아이오도설퓨론 및 그의 염, 아이오도설퓨론메틸 및 그의 염, 메소설퓨론, 메소설퓨론메틸, 메타조설퓨론, 메트설퓨론, 메트설퓨론메틸, 니코설퓨론, 옥사설퓨론, 프리미설퓨론, 프리미설퓨론메틸, 프로피리설퓨론, 프로설퓨론, 피라조설퓨론, 피라조설퓨론에틸, 림설퓨론, 설포메튜론, 설포메튜론메틸, 설포설퓨론, 티펜설퓨론, 티펜설퓨론메틸, 트리아설퓨론, 트리베뉴론, 트리베뉴론메틸, 트리플록시설퓨론 및 그의 염, 트리플루설퓨론, 트리플루설퓨론메틸, 트리토설퓨론, 이미자메타벤즈메틸, 비스피리박나트륨, 클로란술람, 클로란술람메틸, 디클로술람, 플로라술람, 플루카르바존 및 그의 염, 플루메트술람, 메토술람, 오르토설파뮤론, 페녹스술람, 피록스술람, 프로폭시카르바존 및 그의 염, 피리벤족심, 피리프탈리드, 피리미노박메틸, 피리미설판, 피리티오박 및 그의 염, 피록스술람, 티엔카르바존, 티엔카르바존메틸 및 트리아파몬 등을 들 수 있다.
아미노산계 화합물로서는, 비알라포스 및 그의 염, 글루포시네이트 및 그의 염, 글루포시네이트 P 및 그의 염 및 글리포세이트 및 그의 염 등을 들 수 있다.
사이클로헥산디온계 화합물로서는, 알록시딤, 부트록시딤, 클레토딤, 클로프록시딤, 사이클록시딤, 프로폭시딤, 세톡시딤, 테프랄록시딤 및 트랄콕시딤 등을 들 수 있다.
아세트아미드계 화합물로서는, 나프로파미드, 디메타클로르, 페톡사미드, 아세토클로르, 알라클로르, 알리도클로르(CDAA), 부테나클로르, 델라클로르, 디에타틸 에틸, 프로피소클로르, 피리나클로르, 부타클로르, 디메테나미드, 디메테나미드 P, 메타자클로르, 메톨라클로르, S-메톨라클로르, 프레틸라클로르, 프로파클로르, 테닐클로르, 플루페나셋 및 메페나셋 등을 들 수 있다.
비피리딜리움계 화합물로서는, 사이퍼쿼트, 모르팜쿼트, 디쿼트 및 파라쿼트 등을 들 수 있다.
아릴옥시페녹시프로피온산계 화합물로서는, 클로디나포프, 클로디나포프프로파길, 클로포프, 사이할로포프부틸, 디클로포프, 디클로포프메틸, 디클로포프 P메틸, 페녹사프로프, 페녹사프로프에틸, 페녹사프로프 P에틸, 플루아지포프, 플루아지포프부틸, 플루아지포프 P부틸, 할록시포프, 할록시포프메틸, 할록시포프 P메틸, 이속사피리포프, 메타미포프, 프로파퀴자포프, 퀴잘로포프, 퀴잘로포프에틸, 퀴잘로포프 P에틸 및 퀴잘로포프 P테프릴 등을 들 수 있다.
카바메이트계 화합물로서는, 아술람, 카르베타미드, 데스메디팜, 클로르프로카브, 페니소팜, 사이클로에이트, 지메피페레이트, 페불레이트, 티오카르바질, 버놀레이트, 바르반, 클로르부팜, 클로르프로팜, 프로팜, 스웹, 펜메디팜, 부틸레이트, EPTC, 에스프로카브, 몰리네이트, 오르벤카브, 프로설포카브, 피리부티카브, 티오벤카브(벤티오카브) 및 트리알레이트 등을 들 수 있다.
피리딘계 화합물로서는, 아미노피랄리드, 클로피랄리드, 디플루페니칸, 디티오피르, 플루리돈, 플루록시피르, 할라욱시펜, 플로르피라욱시펜, 피클로람 및 그 염, 피콜리나펜, 티아조피르 및 트리클로피르 및 그의 염 등을 들 수 있다.
우레아계 화합물로서는, 벤즈티아졸론, 브로뮤론, 부투론, 클로르브로뮤론, 클로록수론, 디페녹수론, 디메퓨론, 에티디뮤론, 페뉴론, 플루오티우론, 메토벤주론, 메토브로뮤론, 메톡수론, 모놀리뉴론, 모뉴론(CUM), 네뷰론, 파라플루론, 시듀론, 티아자플루론, 크로로톨루론, 다이뮤론, 디우론(DCMU), 플루오메튜론, 이소프로튜론, 리뉴론, 메타벤즈티아주론, 테부티우론, 큐밀루론, 카르부틸레이트 및 이소우론 등을 들 수 있다.
디니트로아닐린계 화합물로서는, 벤플루랄린(베스로딘), 뷰트랄린, 디니트라민, 에탈플루랄린, 플루클로랄린, 이소프로팔린, 니트랄린, 프로플루랄린, 오리잘린, 펜디메탈린, 프로디아민 및 트리플루랄린 등을 들 수 있다.
프로토포르피리노겐 산화 효소(PPO) 저해 화합물로서는, 아시플루오르펜, 아클로니펜, 아자페니딘, 비페녹스, 클로메톡시닐, 에톡시펜, 에톡시펜에틸, 포메사펜, 플루아졸레이트, 플루오로글리코펜, 플루오로글리코펜에틸, 할로사펜, 락토펜, 옥시플루오르펜, 부타페나실, 에피리페나실, 클로르니트로펜(CNP), 플루오로디펜, 플루오로니트로펜(CFNP), 니트로펜(NIP), 옥시플루오르펜, 클로르프탈림, 플루미프로핀, 카펜트라존, 카펜트라존에틸, 시니돈에틸, 플루미클로락펜틸, 플루미옥사진, 플루티아셋, 플루티아셋메틸, 옥사디아길, 옥사디아존, 펜톡사존, 피라클로닐, 피라플루펜, 피라플루펜에틸, 사플루페나실, 설펜트라존, 티디아지민, 벤즈펜디존, 프로플루아졸 및 플루펜피르에틸 등을 들 수 있다.
페녹시아세트산계 화합물로서는, 2, 4, 5-T, 2, 4-D 및 그 염, 2, 4-DB 및 그의 염, 클로메프로프, 디클로르프로프, 페노프로프, MCPA 및 그 염, MCPB 및 그의 염, 메코프로프(MCPP) 및 그의 염 및 메코프로프 P 및 그의 염 등을 들 수 있다.
하이드록시페닐피루브산 디옥시제나제 효소(HPPD) 저해 화합물로서는, 벤조비사이클론, 벤조페납, 비사이클로피론, 이속사플루톨, 메소트리온, 피라설포톨, 피라졸리네이트(피라졸레이트), 피라족시펜, 술코트리온, 테퓨릴트리온, 템보트리온, 토프라메존, 펜퀴노트리온 및 톨피라레이트 등을 들 수 있다.
트리아진계 화합물로서는, 아트라톤, 아지프로트린, 클로라진, 사이프라진, 데스메트린, 디프로페트린, 에글리나진에틸, 이파진, 메토프로트린, 프로사이아진, 프로글리나이진, 프로메톤, 프로파진, 세부틸라진, 섹부메톤, 테르부메톤, 트리에타진, 아메트린, 아트라진, 시아나진, 디메타메트린, 헥사지논, 인다지플람, 메타미트론, 메트리뷰진, 프로메트린, 시마진(CAT), 시메트린, 테르부틸라진, 테르부트린 및 트리아지플람 등을 들 수 있다.
또한, 그 외 제초제 용도의 화합물로서， 아미카바존, 에티오진, 이소메티오진, 아미노사이클로피라클로르, 아미노트리아졸, 아닐로포스, 피페로포스, 베플루부타미드, 베나졸린, 벤퓨러세이트, 벤타존, 브로마실, 이소실, 브로모뷰타이드, 브로모페녹심, 브로목시닐, 부타미포스, DMPA, TCTP(클로르탈디메틸), 카펜스트롤, 클로리다존(PAC), 브롬피라존, 클로르탈, 클로마존, 빅스졸론, 큐밀루론, 디캄바(MDBA) 및 그 염, 클로람벤, TCBA(2, 3, 8-TBA), 베나졸린에틸, 클로페낙, 클로르펜프로프, 디클로베닐(DBN), 클로르티아미드(DCBN), 신메틸린, 메티로졸린, 아미트롤, 플람프로프 M, 포사민, 메틸디뮤론, 모날리드, MSMA, 디펜조쿼트, 디플루펜조피르, 엔도탈 및 그 염, 에토퓨메세이트, 에토벤자니드, 페녹사설폰, 펜트라자미드, 플루폭삼, 플루오로클로리돈, 플루르타몬, 인다노판, 트리디판, 아이옥시닐, 이프펜카바존, 이속사벤, 트리아지플람, 레나실, 메틸아르손산, 나프탈람, 플루로클로리돈, 노르풀루라존, 옥사지클로메폰, 피녹사덴, 클로라노크릴=디크릴, 펜타로클로르(CMMP), 프로파닐, 프로피자미드, 피리데이트, 피록사설폰, 프로마실, 퀸클로락, 퀸메락, 퀴노클라민, 터바실, 사이클로피리모레이트, 플로르피록시펜벤질(Florpyrauxifen-benzyl), 란코트리온(Lancotrione) 및 그 염, 사이클로피라닐, 빅슬로존, 테트플루피롤리메트, 디메설파제트, 디노삼, 디노세브(DNBP), DNOC, 디노테르브, 에티노펜, 메디노테르브, DSMA, 올레산, 펠라곤산, 카코딜산, 디페나미드, 나프로아닐리드, 테부탐, 벤술리드, 달라폰, TCA, 메플루이디드, 페플루이돈, CAMA, 티아페나실, 트리플루디목사진, 리미속사펜, 펜피라존, 디옥소피리트리온, 사이피라플루온, 비피라존, 벤퀴트리온, 테트라피온(플루프로파네이트) 및 그 염 및 d-리모넨 등을 들 수 있다.
[식물의 생장 촉진 방법]
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는, 예를 들어, 밭, 수전(水田), 잔디밭 및 과수원 등의 농경지 또는 비농경지에서 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는 모든 시비(施肥)법에 의해 사용할 수 있으며， 예를 들어 경엽(莖葉) 살포, 급수에의 혼입, 토양에의 살포, 주입기를 이용한 하층토까지의 주입, 구근 및 괴경(塊莖) 등에의 처리를 포함하는 종자 처리, 및 식물에의 직접 시비 등의 방법으로 사용할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 촉진 방법은 위에서 설명한 식물 생장 조정제를 이용하여 시비를 수행하는 순서를 포함한다.
급수에의 혼입에 의한 시용(施用)에서는, 예를 들어 작물에의 급수 또는 수전의 논바닥 물에 입제 등을 투여함으로써 수행한다. 일 예에 있어서, 급수 중의 유효 성분의 농도는 0.1 mg/L 이상이며, 바람직하게는 1 mg/L 이상이다. 또한, 논바닥 물에 투여하는 경우의 유효 성분의 사용량은 논 10 a당 예를 들어 0.1 g 이상이며, 바람직하게는 1 g 이상이다.
경엽 살포 또는 토양에의 살포에 의한 시용에서는, 예를 들어 모종의 이식 시 등에 식혈(植穴) 또는 그 주변에 입제 등을 처리하거나, 종자, 식물체 또는 식물체 주위의 토양에 입제 및 수화제 등을 처리함으로써 수행한다. 또한, 토양에의 살포 후, 흙과 교반하는 것이 바람직한 경우가 있다. 경엽 살포 또는 토양 표면에 살포하는 경우의 유효 성분의 사용량은 농원예지 1 m2당 예를 들어 0.1 mg 이상이며, 바람직하게는 1 mg 이상이다.
종자 처리에 의한 시용에서는, 수화제 및 분제 등을 종자와 혼합하고 교반함으로써, 혹은 희석한 수화제 등에 종자를 침지함으로써 약제를 종자에 부착시킨다. 또한, 종자 처리에는 종자 코팅 처리도 포함된다. 종자 처리인 경우의 유효 성분의 사용량은 종자 100 kg에 대해 예를 들어 0.005 g 이상이며, 바람직하게는 0.05 g 이상이다. 농원예용 약제로 처리한 종자에 대해서는, 통상의 종자와 동일하게 이용하면 된다.
아울러, 사용 농도 및 사용량은 제형, 사용 시기, 사용 방법, 사용 장소 및 대상 작물 등에 따라 상이하기 때문에, 상기 범위로 구애되지 않고 증감하는 것이 가능하다.
[식물 생장 조정제의 이용]
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는 상술한 같이, 처리한 식물에서 우수한 생장 촉진 효과를 나타낸다. 그 때문에, 본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는, 예를 들어 바이오스티뮬런트로서 이용할 수 있다. 또한, 비료, 토양 개량제 및 농약 등에 혼합하여 이용할 수도 있다.
본 명세서에서, 「바이오스티뮬런트」의 기능은 작물의 활력, 수량 및 품질 등의 개선을 목적으로 하여, 식물에 대해 비료와는 상이한 경로를 통해 식물 생리에 작용하는 것을 주로 의도하고 있으며, 「비료」의 기능과는 상이한 것을 가리키고 있다. 「비료」란, 「식물에 양분을 주기 위해, 토경 재배 또는 수경 재배 등에 가하는 물질」이며, 식물이 필요로 하는 영양분을 보충하는 물질이다. 식물이 영양 부족인 경우에는, 비료 공급에 의해 식물의 영양 상태를 개선할 수 있는 효과가 있지만, 어느 정도 식물의 영양이 충분한 경우, 당해 효과는 전망할 수 없는 것이다.
[정리]
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물을 유효 성분으로 포함하며, 상기 추출물은 에르고티오네인을 포함한다.
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제에 있어서, 상기 추출물이 열수 추출물일 수도 있다.
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제에 있어서, 상기 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물이 아피오트리쿰속에 속하는 미생물, 디르크메이아속에 속하는 미생물, 파필리오트레마속에 속하는 미생물, 슈도지마속에 속하는 미생물, 우스틸라고속에 속하는 미생물, 메틸로박테리움속에 속하는 미생물, 아우레오바시디움속에 속하는 미생물, 로도토룰라속에 속하는 미생물, 로도스포리디오볼루스속에 속하는 미생물, 반리자속에 속하는 미생물, 플레우로투스속에 속하는 미생물, 아스페르길루스속에 속하는 미생물, 스트렙토마이세스속에 속하는 미생물, 악티노마이세스속에 속하는 미생물, 마이코박테리움속에 속하는 미생물, 코리네박테리움속에 속하는 미생물, 에스케리키아속에 속하는 미생물, 엔테로박터속에 속하는 미생물, 판토에아속에 속하는 미생물, 클렙시엘라속에 속하는 미생물, 살모넬라속에 속하는 미생물, 스키조사카로마이세스에 속하는 미생물, 사카로마이세스속에 속하는 미생물, 클로로비움속에 속하는 미생물, 칸디다속에 속하는 미생물, 페니실리움속에 속하는 미생물, 뉴로스포라속에 속하는 미생물, 클라비셉스속에 속하는 미생물, 모닐리엘라속에 속하는 미생물, 크립토코커스속에 속하는 미생물, 주걱간버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 느타리버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 팽이버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 대형 흰우단버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 진흙버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 금빛송이버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 먹물버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 산호침버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 만가닥버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 노란띠끈적버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 비늘버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 참바늘버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 볏짚버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 잎새버섯속에 속하는 미생물 및 주름버섯속에 속하는 미생물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종의 미생물일 수도 있다.
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제에 있어서, 상기 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물이 아피오트리쿰·포로섬, 디르크메이아·추라시마엔시스, 파필리오트레마·플라베스센스, 및 슈도지마·시아멘시스로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종의 미생물일 수도 있다.
본 실시형태에 관한 식물의 생장 촉진 방법은 상기 식물 생장 조정제로 식물을 처리하는 공정을 포함한다.
본 실시형태에 관한 식물 생장 조정제는 종자 수확량 증강제, 키 증강제, 꽃수 증강제, 꽃수 증강제, 지상부 중량 증강제, 또는 지하부 중량 증강제일 수도 있다.
이하에 실시예를 나타내, 본 발명의 실시형태에 대해 더욱 상세히 설명한다. 물론, 본 발명이 이하의 실시예로 한정되는 것은 아니며, 세부에 대해서는 다양한 태양이 가능한 것은 물론이다. 또한, 본 발명은 위에서 설명한 실시형태로 한정되는 것은 아니며, 청구항에 나타낸 범위에서 다양한 변경이 가능하고, 각각 개시된 기술적 수단을 적절히 조합하여 얻어지는 실시형태에 대해서도 본 발명의 기술적 범위에 포함된다. 또한, 본 명세서 중에 기재된 문헌 모두가 참고로서 원용된다.
실시예
이하의 실시예 중, 특히 기재가 없는 한, %는 질량%를 나타낸다.
[제조예 1] 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 열수 추출물의 조제
(1) 전배양
YM 배지에 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물을 식균하고, 200 rpm으로 2~3일간 25℃에서 배양했다. 당해 배양은 시험관을 사용했다. 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물로서, 파필리오트레마·플라베스센스, 슈도지마·시아멘시스, 아피오트리쿰·포로섬, 디르크메이아·추라시마엔시스 또는 로도스포리디오볼루스·아조리쿠스를 사용했다.
얻어진 배양액 0.5 mL를 50 mL의 YM 배지에 식균하고, 200 rpm으로 2일간 25℃에서 배양했다. 당해 배양은 300 mL의 플라스크를 사용했다.
(2) 본배양
전배양에서 얻어진 배양액 100 mL를 2 L의 YM 배지에 식균하고, 400 rpm으로 5일간 25℃에서 배양했다. 당해 배양은 5 L의 자（jar） 발효기를 사용했다. 또한, 통기량은 2 L/min(1 vvm)으로 수행했다.
(3) 균체 회수
본배양에서 얻어진 배양액을 6000~9000 rpm으로 10~60분간 4℃에서 원심 분리하고, 상청을 제거했다. 그리고, 균체 펠릿을 회수하여 순수로 세정 후, 원심 분리에 제공하고 상청을 제거했다. 상청을 제거 후, 균체 펠릿을 회수하여 동결 건조시켰다.
(4) 열수 추출
동결 건조시킨 균체를 순수 20 mL에 현탁했다. 그리고, 현탁액을 96℃에서 15분간 가열했다. 실온으로 냉각 후, 6000~9000 rpm, 5~10분간, 4℃에서 원심 분리하고 상청을 회수했다. 분리 후의 침전에 순수 10 mL를 가하고 볼텍스 믹서로 현탁시키고, 가열 및 원심 분리를 하고 상청을 얻었다. 이 공정을 2~4회 반복하고, 회수한 상청을 열수 추출물로 했다.
[평가예 1] 애기장대의 종자 수확량의 비교
직경 60 mm, 높이 55 mm의 플라스틱 포트에 1포트당 1개체의 애기장대(Col-0)를 파종했다. 직경 160 mm, 높이 28 mm의 플라스틱제 깊은 접시를 준비하여, 6포트 설치했다. 토양으로서, 버미큘라이트 45 mL, 입상 배토(조합 원예 배토) 22.5 mL 및 버미큘라이트 22.5 mL를 이 순서로 포트에 넣었다.
실온 22℃로 설정한 항온실 내에서, 명기 16시간, 암기 8시간으로 했다. 광 조건은 형광등(닛폰이카키카이(Nippon Medical & Chemical Instruments Co., Ltd.) 제품, 식물 육성용 LED 형광등 플랜트 렉 40W형 전구색)을 이용하여, 형광등 조사하의 중심부에서 광 강도 5000 lx가 되도록 설정했다. 급수는 하부 급수로 하고, 수위를 약 5 mm로 했다. 파종 후 2주째부터 약제 처리를 시작했다. 보다 구체적으로는, 파종 후 8일째, 10일째, 12일째 및 14일째에는 급수로 바꾸어, 식물 생장 조정제 50 mL를 첨가했다.
식물 생장 조정제로서, 제조예 1에서 조제한 열수 추출물을 사용했다. 또한, 비교 대상으로서, 1 mM의 에르고티오네인 수용액으로 이루어진 식물 생장 조정제를 사용했다.
파종 후 89일째에 종자를 수확하여, 종자 수확량을 평가했다. 평가 결과를 표 1에 나타낸다.
| 샘플명 | EGT 농도 | 종자 수확량 | |
| 대 무처리비 | 대 EGT비 | ||
| C-EGT-PFL | 0.82 mM | 1.5 | 1.2 |
| C-EGT-PSI | 1 mM | 1.9 | 1.6 |
| EGT | 1 mM | 1.2 | 1.0 |
| 무처리 | - | 1.0 | 0.8 |
표 1 중, 「C-EGT-PFL」은 파필리오트레마·플라베스센스의 열수 추출물이다. 「C-EGT-PSI」는 슈도지마·시아멘시스의 열수 추출물이다. 「EGT」는 에르고티오네인이며, 시약으로서 시판되고 있는 것을 사용했다. 「무처리」는 순수만이다.
표 1에 나타내는 바와 같이, 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물은 에르고티오네인 단독 처리 및 무처리보다 종자 수확량이 많아, 식물 생장 촉진 효과가 우수했다.
[평가예 2] 애기장대의 종자 수확량의 비교
직경 60 mm, 높이 55 mm의 플라스틱 포트에 1포트당 1개체의 애기장대(Col-0)를 파종했다. 직경 160 mm, 높이 28 mm의 플라스틱제 깊은 접시를 준비하여, 6포트 설치했다. 토양으로서, 버미큘라이트 45 mL, 입상 배토(조합 원예 배토) 22.5 mL 및 버미큘라이트 22.5 mL를 이 순서로 포트에 넣었다.
실온 22℃로 설정한 인공 기상기 내에서, 명기 16시간, 암기 8시간으로 했다. 광 조건은 형광등 조사하의 중심부에서 광 강도 5000 lx가 되도록 설정했다. 급수는 하부 급수로 하고, 수위를 약 5 mm로 했다. 파종 후 2주째부터 약제 처리를 시작했다. 보다 구체적으로는, 파종 후 8일째, 10일째, 12일째 및 14일째에는 급수로 바꾸어, 식물 생장 조정제 50 mL를 첨가했다.
식물 생장 조정제로서, 제조예 1에서 조제한 디르크메이아·추라시마엔시스의 열수 추출물(C-EGT-DCH)을 사용했다. 또한, 비교 대상으로서, 0.1 mM의 에르고티오네인 수용액으로 이루어진 식물 생장 조정제를 사용했다.
파종 후 87일째에 종자를 수확하고, 종자 수확량을 평가했다. 평가 결과를 표 2에 나타낸다.
| 샘플명 | EGT 농도 | 종자 수확량 | |
| mM | 대 무처리비 | 대 EGT비 | |
| C-EGT-DCH | 0.1 | 1.4 | 1.1 |
| EGT | 0.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 |
| 무처리 | - | 1.0 | 0.8 |
표 2에 나타내는 바와 같이, 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물은 에르고티오네인 단독 처리 및 무처리보다 종자 수확량이 많아, 식물 생장 촉진 효과가 우수했다.
[평가예 3] 각 샘플을 밀, 유채씨에 처리했을 때의 식물 키 비교
여과지를 깐 9 cm의 샬레에 식물 생장 조정제 10 mL를 첨가했다. 1샬레당 10립의 밀 또는 유채씨의 종자를 파종하고, 실온 25℃로 설정한 항온실 내에서 명기 16시간, 암기 8시간으로 했다. 광 조건은 형광등(닛폰이카키카이 제품, 식물 육성용 LED 형광등 플랜트 렉 40W형 전구색)을 이용하여, 형광등 조사하의 중심부에서 광 강도 5000 lx가 되도록 설정했다.
식물 생장 조정제로서, 제조예 1에서 조제한 열수 추출물을 사용했다. 또한, 비교 대상으로서, 1 mM의 에르고티오네인 수용액으로 이루어진 식물 생장 조정제를 사용했다.
파종 후 7일째의 밀 또는 유채씨의 식물 키를 평가했다. 평가 결과를 표 3에 나타낸다
| 샘플명 | EGT 농도 | 밀 키 | 유채씨 키 | ||
| mM | 대 무처리비 | 대 EGT비 | 대 무처리비 | 대 EGT비 | |
| C-EGT-DCH | 0.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
| C-EGT-PFL | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
| C-EGT-APO | 0.1 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
| C-EGT-RAZ | 0.1 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
| C-EGT-SCE | 0 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| EGT | 1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| 무처리 | - | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 |
표 3 중, 「C-EGT-DCH」는 디르크메이아·추라시마엔시스의 열수 추출물이다. 「C-EGT-PFL」은 파필리오트레마·플라베스센스의 열수 추출물이다. 「C-EGT-APO」는 아피오트리쿰·포로섬의 열수 추출물이다. 「C-EGT-RAZ」는 로도스포리디오볼루스·아조리쿠스의 열수 추출물이다. 「C-EGT-SCE」는 에르고티오네인 비생산 효모인 사카로마이세스·세레비시에의 열수 추출물이다. 「EGT」는 에르고티오네인이며, 시약으로서 시판되고 있는 것을 사용했다. 「무처리」는 순수만이다.
표 3에 나타내는 바와 같이, 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물은 에르고티오네인 단독 처리, 에르고티오네인 비생산균의 추출물 및 무처리보다 밀 및 유채씨의 키가 커, 식물 생장 촉진 효과가 우수했다.
[평가예 4] 토마토의 꽃수 비교
길이 사방 120 mm, 높이 100 mm의 플라스틱 포트에 입상 배토(조합 원예 배토) 1 L를 넣고, 1포트당 1개체의 토마토(마이크로톰(Micro-Tom))를 파종했다.
실온 25℃로 설정한 항온실 내에서, 명기 16시간, 암기 8시간으로 했다. 광 조건은 형광등(닛폰이카키카이 제품, 식물 육성용 LED 형광등 플랜트 렉 40W형 전구색)을 이용하여, 형광등 조사하의 중심부에서 광 강도 5000 lx가 되도록 설정했다. 급수는 하부 급수로 하고, 수위를 약 5 mm로 했다. 파종 후 4주째부터 약제 처리를 시작했다. 보다 구체적으로는, 파종 후 25일째, 27일째, 29일째, 31일째, 33일째, 35일째 및 37일째에는 급수로 바꾸어, 식물 생장 조정제 50 mL를 첨가했다.
식물 생장 조정제로서, 제조예 1에서 조제한 슈도지마·시아멘시스의 열수 추출물(C-EGT-PSI)을 사용했다. 또한, 비교 대상으로서, 0.1 mM의 에르고티오네인 수용액으로 이루어진 식물 생장 조정제를 사용했다.
파종 후 64일째에 꽃수를 평가했다. 평가 결과를 표 4에 나타낸다.
| 샘플명 | EGT 농도 | 꽃수 | |
| mM | 대 무처리비 | 대 EGT비 | |
| C-EGT-PSI | 0.1 | 1.5 | 1.2 |
| EGT | 0.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 |
| 무처리 | - | 1.0 | 0.8 |
표 4에 나타내는 바와 같이, 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물은 에르고티오네인 단독 처리 및 무처리보다 꽃수가 많아, 식물 생장 촉진 효과가 우수했다.
[평가예 5] 래디시의 지하부 중량의 비교
직경 100 mm, 높이 135 mm의 플라스틱 포트에 입상 배토(조합 원예 배토) 600 mL를 넣고, 1포트당 1개체의 래디시(적환무)를 파종했다.
실온 25℃로 설정한 온실 내에서 관리했다. 파종 후 2주째부터 약제 처리를 시작했다. 보다 구체적으로는, 파종 후 10일째, 12일째, 14일째 및 16일째에 식물 생장 조정제 50 mL를 첨가했다.
식물 생장 조정제로서, 제조예 1에서 조제한 슈도지마·시아멘시스의 열수 추출물(C-EGT-PSI)을 사용했다. 또한, 비교 대상으로서, 0.1 mM의 에르고티오네인 수용액으로 이루어진 식물 생장 조정제를 사용했다.
파종 후 28일째에 지하부 중량을 평가했다. 평가 결과를 표 5에 나타낸다.
| 샘플명 | EGT 농도 | 지하부 중량 | |
| mM | 대 무처리 | 대 EGT비 | |
| C-EGT-PSI | 0.1 | 1.4 | 1.1 |
| EGT | 0.1 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
| 무처리 | - | 1.0 | 0.8 |
표 5에 나타내는 바와 같이, 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물은 에르고티오네인 단독 처리 및 무처리보다 지하부 중량이 커, 식물 생장 촉진 효과가 우수했다.
[제조예 2] 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 각종 추출 방법에 의한 추출물의 조제
(메탄올 추출)
제조예 1의 (3) 균체 회수에서 동결 건조시킨 균체를 50%의 메탄올 수용액 20 mL에 현탁했다. 그리고, 현탁액을 실온에서 1시간 진탕한 후, 6000 rpm, 5분간 원심 분리하여 회수한 상청을 메탄올 추출물로 했다.
(아세톤 추출)
제조예 1의 (3) 균체 회수에서 동결 건조시킨 균체를 50%의 아세톤 수용액 20 mL에 현탁했다. 그리고, 현탁액을 실온에서 1시간 진탕한 후, 6000 rpm, 5분간 원심 분리하여 회수한 상청을 아세톤 추출물로 했다.
(산 추출)
제조예 1의 (3) 균체 회수에서 동결 건조시킨 균체를 0.1 M의 황산 20 mL에 현탁했다. 그리고, 현탁액을 실온에서 1시간 진탕한 후, 6000 rpm, 5분간 원심 분리하여 회수한 상청을 산 추출물로 했다.
(알칼리 추출)
제조예 1의 (3) 균체 회수에서 동결 건조시킨 균체를 0.1 M의 수산화나트륨 수용액 20 mL에 현탁했다. 그리고, 현탁액을 실온에서 1시간 진탕한 후, 6000 rpm, 5분간 원심 분리하여 회수한 상청을 알칼리 추출물로 했다.
(계면 활성제 추출)
제조예 1의 (3) 균체 회수에서 동결 건조시킨 균체를 1%의 도데실황산나트륨 수용액 20 mL에 현탁했다. 그리고, 현탁액을 실온에서 1시간 진탕한 후, 6000 rpm, 5분간 원심 분리하여 회수한 상청을 계면 활성제 추출물로 했다.
(동결 융해 추출)
제조예 1의 (3) 균체 회수에서 동결 건조시킨 균체를 순수 20 mL에 현탁했다. 그리고, 현탁액을 -20℃에서 동결한 후, 융해시키고, 6000 rpm, 5분간 원심 분리하여 회수한 상청을 동결 융해 추출물로 했다.
(마쇄 추출)
제조예 1의 (3) 균체 회수에서 동결 건조시킨 균체를 유발로 갈아 으깬 후, 순수 20 mL에 현탁했다. 그리고, 현탁액을 실온에서 1시간 진탕한 후, 6000 rpm, 5분간 원심 분리하여 회수한 상청을 마쇄 추출물로 했다.
(오토클레이브 추출)
제조예 1의 (2) 본배양에서 얻어진 배양액을 오토클레이브 처리(온도: 121℃, 압력: 2기압, 처리 시간: 20분간)를 한 후, 6000 rpm, 5분간 원심 분리하여 회수한 상청을 오토클레이브 추출물로 했다.
[평가예 6] 각종 추출 방법에 의해 얻어진 미생물의 추출물을 애기장대에 처리했을 때의 종자 수확량
직경 60 mm, 높이 55 mm의 플라스틱 포트에 1포트당 1개체의 애기장대(Col-0)를 파종했다. 직경 160 mm, 높이 28 mm의 플라스틱제 깊은 접시를 준비하여, 6포트 설치했다. 토양으로서, 버미큘라이트 45 mL, 입상 배토(조합 원예 배토) 22.5 mL 및 버미큘라이트 22.5 mL를 이 순서로 포트에 넣었다.
실온 22℃로 설정한 인공 기상기 내에서, 명기 16시간, 암기 8시간으로 했다. 광 조건은 형광등 조사하의 중심부에서 광 강도 5000 lx가 되도록 설정했다. 급수는 하부 급수로 하고, 수위를 약 5 mm로 했다. 파종 후 2주째부터 약제 처리를 시작했다. 보다 구체적으로는, 파종 후 8일째, 10일째, 12일째 및 14일째에는 급수로 바꾸어, 식물 생장 조정제 50 mL를 첨가했다.
식물 생장 조정제로서, 제조예 2에서 얻어진 슈도지마·시아멘시스의 각종 추출물을 사용했다. 또한, 비교 대상으로서, 0.1 mM의 에르고티오네인 수용액으로 이루어진 식물 생장 조정제를 사용했다.
파종 후 95일째에 종자를 수확하고, 종자 수확량을 평가했다. 평가 결과를 표 6에 나타낸다.
| 추출 방법 | EGT 농도 | 키 | 종자 수확량 | ||
| mM | 대 무처리비 | 대 EGT비 | 대 무처리비 | 대 EGT비 | |
| 메탄올 추출 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1.7 |
| 아세톤 추출 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 1.6 |
| 동결 융해 추출 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.5 |
| 마쇄 추출 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 1.5 |
| EGT | 0.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
| 무처리 | - | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
표 6에 나타내는 바와 같이, 어느 추출 방법에서도 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물은 에르고티오네인 단독 처리 및 무처리보다 키가 크고, 종자 수확량이 많아, 식물 생장 촉진 효과가 우수했다.
[평가예 7] 각종 추출 방법에 의해 얻어진 미생물의 추출물을 애기장대에 처리했을 때의 효과
직경 60 mm, 높이 55 mm의 플라스틱 포트에 1포트당 1개체의 애기장대(Col-0)를 파종했다. 직경 160 mm, 높이 28 mm의 플라스틱제 깊은 접시를 준비하여, 6포트 설치했다. 토양으로서, 버미큘라이트 45 mL, 입상 배토(조합 원예 배토) 22.5 mL 및 버미큘라이트 22.5 mL를 이 순서로 포트에 넣었다.
실온 22℃로 설정한 인공 기상기 내에서, 명기 16시간, 암기 8시간으로 했다. 광 조건은 형광등 조사하의 중심부에서 광 강도 5000 lx가 되도록 설정했다. 급수는 하부 급수로 하고, 수위를 약 5 mm로 했다. 파종 후 2주째부터 약제 처리를 시작했다. 보다 구체적으로는, 파종 후 8일째, 10일째, 12일째 및 14일째에는 급수로 바꾸어, 식물 생장 조정제 50 mL를 첨가했다.
식물 생장 조정제로서, 제조예 2에서 얻어진 슈도지마·시아멘시스의 각종 추출물을 사용했다. 또한, 비교 대상으로서, 0.1 mM의 에르고티오네인 수용액으로 이루어진 식물 생장 조정제를 사용했다.
파종 후 93일째에 키, 지상부 중량, 종자 수확량을 평가했다. 평가 결과를 표 7에 나타낸다.
| 추출 방법 | EGT 농도 | 키 | 지상부 중량 | 종자 수확량 | |||
| mM | 대 무처리비 | 대 EGT비 | 대 무처리비 | 대 EGT비 | 대 무처리비 | 대 EGT비 | |
| 산 추출 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.4 |
| 알칼리 추출 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.2 |
| 계면 활성제 추출 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.2 |
| 오토클레이브 추출 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.1 |
| EGT | 0.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.0 |
| 무처리 | - | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
표 7에 나타내는 바와 같이, 어느 추출 방법에서도 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물은 에르고티오네인 단독 처리 및 무처리보다 키나 지상부 중량이 크고, 종자 수확량이 많아, 식물 생장 촉진 효과가 우수했다.
본 발명은 우수한 식물 생장 촉진을 가지며, 농업 및 원예 등의 분야에서 이용 가능하다.
Claims (9)
- 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물의 추출물을 유효 성분으로서 포함하며,
상기 추출물은 에르고티오네인을 포함하는, 식물 생장 조정제. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물이 아피오트리쿰속에 속하는 미생물, 디르크메이아속에 속하는 미생물, 파필리오트레마속에 속하는 미생물, 슈도지마속에 속하는 미생물, 우스틸라고속에 속하는 미생물, 메틸로박테리움속에 속하는 미생물, 아우레오바시디움속에 속하는 미생물, 로도토룰라속에 속하는 미생물, 로도스포리디오볼루스속에 속하는 미생물, 반리자속에 속하는 미생물, 플레우로투스속에 속하는 미생물, 아스페르길루스속에 속하는 미생물, 스트렙토마이세스속에 속하는 미생물, 악티노마이세스속에 속하는 미생물, 마이코박테리움속에 속하는 미생물, 코리네박테리움속에 속하는 미생물, 에스케리키아속에 속하는 미생물, 엔테로박터속에 속하는 미생물, 판토에아속에 속하는 미생물, 클렙시엘라속에 속하는 미생물, 살모넬라속에 속하는 미생물, 스키조사카로마이세스에 속하는 미생물, 사카로마이세스속에 속하는 미생물, 클로로비움속에 속하는 미생물, 칸디다속에 속하는 미생물, 페니실리움속에 속하는 미생물, 뉴로스포라속에 속하는 미생물, 클라비셉스속에 속하는 미생물, 모닐리엘라속에 속하는 미생물, 크립토코커스속에 속하는 미생물, 주걱간버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 느타리버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 팽이버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 대형 흰우단버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 진흙버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 금빛송이버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 먹물버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 산호침버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 만가닥버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 노란띠끈적버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 비늘버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 참바늘버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 볏짚버섯속에 속하는 미생물, 잎새버섯속에 속하는 미생물 및 주름버섯속에 속하는 미생물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종의 미생물인, 식물 생장 조정제.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 에르고티오네인을 생산하는 미생물이 아피오트리쿰·포로섬, 디르크메이아·추라시마엔시스, 파필리오트레마·플라베스센스, 슈도지마·시아멘시스, 로도스포리디오볼루스·아조리쿠스로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종의 미생물인, 식물 생장 조정제.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 식물 생장 조정제로 식물을 처리하는 공정을 포함하는, 식물의 생장 촉진 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 식물 생장 조정제가 종자 수확량 증강제인, 식물 생장 조정제.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 식물 생장 조정제가 키 증강제인, 식물 생장 조정제.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 식물 생장 조정제가 꽃수 증강제인, 식물 생장 조정제.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 식물 생장 조정제가 지상부 중량 증강제인, 식물 생장 조정제.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 식물 생장 조정제가 지하부 중량 증강제인, 식물 생장 조정제.
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| WO1996023413A1 (en) | 1995-02-02 | 1996-08-08 | Ab Tall (Holdings) Pty. Ltd. | Osmolyte regulator |
| JP2018130091A (ja) | 2017-02-17 | 2018-08-23 | 国立大学法人 筑波大学 | 植物体、食品、培養物、肥料及び製造方法 |
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