KR20230094053A - Combined pharmaceutical composition for treating hypertension - Google Patents
Combined pharmaceutical composition for treating hypertension Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20230094053A KR20230094053A KR1020210183202A KR20210183202A KR20230094053A KR 20230094053 A KR20230094053 A KR 20230094053A KR 1020210183202 A KR1020210183202 A KR 1020210183202A KR 20210183202 A KR20210183202 A KR 20210183202A KR 20230094053 A KR20230094053 A KR 20230094053A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- pharmaceutical composition
- active ingredient
- fimasartan
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- combination pharmaceutical
- Prior art date
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- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 title abstract description 8
- AMEROGPZOLAFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N fimasartan Chemical compound CCCCC1=NC(C)=C(CC(=S)N(C)C)C(=O)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C=2NN=NN=2)C=C1 AMEROGPZOLAFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229960003489 fimasartan Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- 239000005475 Fimasartan Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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Abstract
본 발명은 안지오텐신-2-수용체 관련 질환, 특히 고혈압의 예방 또는 치료용 약제학적 조성물에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세히는, 제1유효성분으로 피마사르탄 또는 이의 약제학적으로 허용가능한 염, 및 약제학적으로 허용되는 첨가제를 포함하는 과립부; 및 제2유효성분으로 에스암로디핀 또는 이의 약제학적으로 허용가능한 염을 포함하는 복합 약학적 조성물로서, 단층정 형태인 것을 특징으로 하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 본 발명은 피마사르탄 및 에스암로디핀의 2개의 유효성분을 함유하면서도 우수한 용출 특성을 나타내고, 궁극적으로 생체 이용율을 향상시킬 수 있어 고혈압 및/또는 고지혈증에 기인한 합병증의 예방, 완화 또는 치료에 효과이다. 특히, 용해도가 낮은 피마사르탄의 용출 특성을 크게 개선시켜을 뿐 아니라, 낮은 pH에서의 용출 특성도 크게 개선시켰는 바, 약물의 효과를 보다 높히는 효과가 있다.The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of angiotensin-2-receptor-related diseases, particularly hypertension, and more specifically, pimasartan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a first active ingredient, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. granules containing acceptable additives; and as a second active ingredient, a complex pharmaceutical composition comprising amlodipine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, characterized in that it is in the form of a monolayer tablet. The present invention exhibits excellent dissolution properties while containing two active ingredients, fimasartan and escamlodipine, and can ultimately improve bioavailability, which is effective in preventing, alleviating or treating complications caused by hypertension and/or hyperlipidemia. . In particular, not only the dissolution characteristics of fimasartan with low solubility were greatly improved, but also the dissolution characteristics at low pH were also greatly improved, thereby increasing the effect of the drug.
Description
본 발명은 안지오텐신-2-수용체 관련 질환, 특히 고혈압의 예방 또는 치료용 약제학적 조성물에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating angiotensin-2-receptor-related diseases, particularly hypertension.
1995년 최초의 안지오텐신 II 수용체 차단제(angiotensin II receptor blocker, ARB)인 losartan의 승인 이후 수많은 ARB가 개발되어 전 세계적으로 항고혈압 치료제로 널리 사용되고 있다.Since the approval of losartan, the first angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) in 1995, numerous ARBs have been developed and are widely used as antihypertensive drugs worldwide.
모든 ARB는 안지오텐신 II의 활성을 제한하는 동일한 목표를 가지고 있다는 점에서 일반적으로 비슷하지만 약물 동력학적 인자들에 따른 효능 차이로 서로 구별된다. 이러한 효능 차이 중에는 혈청 지질 수준과 포도당 대사 개선 및 혈청 요산 수치를 낮추는 등의 추가 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다.All ARBs are generally similar in that they have the same target of limiting the activity of angiotensin II, but differ in potency according to pharmacokinetic factors. Among these efficacy differences, it is known that there are additional effects such as improvement of serum lipid level and glucose metabolism and lowering of serum uric acid level.
이러한 ARB 제제 중에서 피마사르탄(Fimasartan)은 한국에서 개발된 최초의 ARB 제제로 losartan의 imidazole 부분을 pyrimidin-4(3H)-one으로 치환하여 안지오텐신 수용체 타입 1 (angiotensin II receptor type 1, AT1)만 선택적으로 차단하는 효과를 극대화해 강력한 혈압 강하 효과를 나타낸다.Among these ARB drugs, Fimasartan is the first ARB drug developed in Korea. It shows a strong blood pressure lowering effect by maximizing the effect of selective blocking.
실제 ARB 제제간 AT1 결합 친화력(binding affinity)을 비교한 결과, ARB 제제 중 피마사르탄의 결합률(association rate)이 가장 높았고 해리율(dissociation rate)은 가장 낮았으며, 해리 반감기(dissociation T1/2)는 가장 긴 것으로 보고된 바가 있다.As a result of comparing AT1 binding affinity between actual ARB preparations, among the ARB preparations, pimasartan had the highest association rate, the lowest dissociation rate, and dissociation half-life (T1/2). has been reported to be the longest.
현재 피마사르탄은 안지오텐신 II 수용체 길항제인 고혈압 약물로 카나브™라는 상품명 하에, 1일 1회 투여되는 정제 형태로서, 30, 60, 120mg의 세 가지 용량으로 시판되고 있다.Currently, fimasartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, an antihypertensive drug, and is marketed under the trade name Kanarb™ in three doses of 30 mg, 60 mg, and 120 mg in tablet form administered once a day.
다만, 상기 피마사르탄은 우수한 약리학적 활성을 나타내지만, 용해도가 낮고, 이에 따라 용출 특성 및 생체이용률이 저하될 수도 있다는 문제점이 있다.However, although the fimasartan exhibits excellent pharmacological activity, it has a problem in that its solubility is low, and thus dissolution characteristics and bioavailability may be reduced.
특히, 피마사르탄은 산성 조건에서 겔화를 일으키는 경향이 있고, 이러한 경향 때문에, 비교적 낮은 pH의 산성환경에서는 더 낮은 수준의 용출 특성을 나타낸다.In particular, fimasartan tends to cause gelation in acidic conditions, and because of this tendency, it exhibits a lower level of dissolution properties in acidic environments with relatively low pH.
종래기술에서는, 이러한 문제점 개선을 위해 주로 피마사르탄 칼륨염의 형태로 사용되고, SEDDS(Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System), SMEDDS(self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) 등 다양한 약물전달 시스템을 사용하기도 한다.In the prior art, to improve these problems, it is mainly used in the form of fimasartan potassium salt, and various drug delivery systems such as SEDDS (Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) and SMEDDS (Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system) are also used.
그러나, 이러한 종래의 기술은 제제의 크기가 커져 연하 곤란을 일으킬 수 있고, 계면활성제의 사용으로 알러지 등의 부작용이 야기될 수 있는 문제점이 있을 수 있다.However, these conventional techniques may have problems in that the size of the preparation increases, causing difficulty in swallowing, and side effects such as allergy may occur due to the use of a surfactant.
이러한 기존 약학 조성물의 문제점으로 인해, 피마사르탄의 용해도 및 생체 이용율을 높이고자 다양한 방안이 시도되고 있으나, 아직까지 만족할 만한 용해도 및 용출 특성을 나타내는 약학 조성물에는 미흡한 실정이다.Due to these problems of existing pharmaceutical compositions, various methods have been attempted to increase the solubility and bioavailability of fimasartan, but pharmaceutical compositions showing satisfactory solubility and dissolution characteristics are still insufficient.
한편, ARB 약물의 뛰어난 효과에도 불구하고, 조절이 잘 되지 않는 고혈압 등의 질병에서 목표혈압 달성을 위해 다른 항고혈압제의 병용요법이 필수화되어 가고 있다.On the other hand, despite the excellent effects of ARB drugs, combination therapy with other antihypertensive agents is becoming essential to achieve target blood pressure in diseases such as poorly controlled hypertension.
피마사르탄과 병용되는 대표적인 약물로서 암로디핀을 들 수 있으며, 피마살탄 및 암로디핀 복합제가 각각의 단독요법, 위약 대비 뛰어난 혈압조절 효과를 보인다. 특히, 피마살탄 60mg으로 수축기혈압 140mmHg 미만 조절에 실패한 환자들을 대상으로 피마살탄/암로디핀 60/10mg군과 피마살탄 60mg군으로 무작위 분류해 8주간 치료한 결과 복합제군은 단독군 대비 수축기혈압은 13mmHg, 이완기혈압은 약 8mmHg 낮았다. 치료 반응률도 복합제군 82%, 단독군 49.2%로 차이를 보였다는 임상결과도 있다.Amlodipine is a representative drug used in combination with fimasartan, and the combination of fimasartan and amlodipine shows superior blood pressure control effects compared to each monotherapy and placebo. In particular, patients who failed to control systolic blood pressure less than 140 mmHg with 60 mg of fimasartan were randomly classified into the 60/10 mg group of fimasartan/amlodipine and the 60 mg group of fimasartan, and treated for 8 weeks. Diastolic blood pressure was lowered by about 8 mmHg. There are also clinical results that showed a difference in the treatment response rate, with 82% in the combination group and 49.2% in the single group.
여기에 더해, 병용요법의 문제점으로 지적되는 복약 순응도를 개선하기 위해서는 2개 약물을 병용하는 것보다 2가지 유효성분을 함유하는 하나의 제제가 되는 것이 바람직할 것이고, 실제로 병용요법의 문제점으로 지적되는 복약 순응도를 개선하기 위해 유럽 가이드라인에서는 2개 약물의 병용요법보다 "single-pill combination"을 권고하고 있고 실정이다.In addition to this, in order to improve medication compliance, which is pointed out as a problem of combination therapy, it would be preferable to have one formulation containing two active ingredients rather than using two drugs in combination, which is actually pointed out as a problem of combination therapy. In order to improve medication compliance, European guidelines recommend a "single-pill combination" rather than a combination therapy of two drugs.
이에 따라, 2개 이상의 유효성분을 함유하는 복합 제제의 개발이 이루어지고 있고, 보령제약의 듀카브™정 등이 개발되어 시판되고 있지만, 피마사르탄과 암로디핀 상호 간의 용출 특성이나 약물 간 상호 작용 등이 문제될 우려가 있고, 궁극적으로 생체이용률이 저하되는 등의 문제를 야기할 우려가 있어, 추가의 공정이 필요하고 단위 생산비용이 비교적 고가인 이층정의 형태로 제조되고 있다.Accordingly, complex formulations containing two or more active ingredients are being developed, and Boryung Pharmaceutical's Ducarb™ tablets have been developed and marketed. There is a concern that this problem may occur, and ultimately, there is a concern that problems such as a decrease in bioavailability may occur, so that an additional process is required and the unit production cost is relatively high.
따라서, 복용편의를 위해 1개의 제제가 되도록 단층정의 형태를 취하면서도, 2개 이상의 유효성분이 용출 특성이나 약물 간 상호 작용이 최소화되도록 하는 제제의 개발이 필요하다.Therefore, it is necessary to develop a formulation that minimizes the dissolution characteristics of two or more active ingredients or the interaction between drugs while taking the form of a single-layer tablet so as to be one formulation for convenience of administration.
이에 본 발명의 목적은 피마사르탄 및 에스암로디핀의 2개의 유효성분을 함유하면서도 우수한 용출 특성을 나타내고, 궁극적으로 생체 이용율을 향상시킬 수 있어 고혈압 및/또는 고지혈증에 기인한 합병증의 예방, 완화 또는 치료에 효과적인 혈압강하용 약학적 조성물을 제공하는 것이다. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to prevent, alleviate or treat complications caused by hypertension and/or hyperlipidemia by exhibiting excellent dissolution properties and ultimately improving bioavailability while containing two active ingredients of fimasartan and escamlodipine. It is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for effective blood pressure lowering.
본 발명은 상술한 종래의 기술을 해결하기 위해 안출된 것으로서,The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned prior art,
제1유효성분으로 피마사르탄 또는 이의 약제학적으로 허용가능한 염, 및 약제학적으로 허용되는 첨가제를 포함하는 과립부; 및 A granular part containing fimasartan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a first active ingredient, and pharmaceutically acceptable additives; and
제2유효성분으로 에스암로디핀 또는 이의 약제학적으로 허용가능한 염을 포함하는 복합 약학적 조성물로서,A complex pharmaceutical composition comprising escamlodipine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a second active ingredient,
단층정 형태인 것을 특징으로 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 약학적 조성물을 제공한다.It provides a combination pharmaceutical composition characterized in that it is in the form of a single-layer tablet.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 첨가제는, 부형제, 결합제, 붕해제, 활택제, 및 가용화제로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 약학적 조성물을 제공한다.In the present invention, the additive provides a complex pharmaceutical composition, characterized in that at least one selected from the group consisting of excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, and solubilizers.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 가용화제는 제1유효성분의 중량 대비 3 ~ 30 중량%로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 약학적 조성물을 제공한다.In the present invention, the solubilizing agent provides a combination pharmaceutical composition characterized in that it is included in 3 to 30% by weight relative to the weight of the first active ingredient.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 가용화제는 HLB값이 20 내지 30 범위 이내의 비이온성 계면활성제인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 약학적 조성물을 제공한다.In the present invention, the solubilizing agent provides a combination pharmaceutical composition, characterized in that the HLB value is a nonionic surfactant within the range of 20 to 30.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 비이온성 계면활성제는, poloxamer188, poloxamer407, 또는 이들의 조합인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 약학적 조성물을 제공한다.In the present invention, the nonionic surfactant provides a combination pharmaceutical composition, characterized in that poloxamer188, poloxamer407, or a combination thereof.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 제1유효성분은 피마사르탄 칼륨으로서 30~60㎎ 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 약학적 조성물을 제공한다.In the present invention, the first active ingredient provides a complex pharmaceutical composition comprising 30 to 60 mg of fimasartan potassium.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 제1유효성분은 피마사르탄 칼륨으로서 입도 분포가 하기 조건 중 하나 이상을 만족하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 약학적 조성물을 제공한다.In the present invention, the first active ingredient is fimasartan potassium, which provides a combination pharmaceutical composition characterized in that the particle size distribution satisfies at least one of the following conditions.
1) 입자 중 하위 10% 입자의 평균 입도(D10)가 1~20㎛1) The average particle size (D10) of the lower 10% of the particles is 1 to 20㎛
2) 입자 중 하위 50% 입자의 평균 입도(D50)가 5~100㎛2) The average particle size (D50) of the lower 50% of the particles is 5 to 100㎛
3) 입자 중 하위 90% 입자의 평균 입도(D90)가 25~150㎛3) The average particle size (D90) of the lower 90% of the particles is 25 to 150㎛
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 제2유효성분은 에스암로디핀으로서 2.5~5㎎ 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 약학적 조성물을 제공한다.In the present invention, the second active ingredient is escamlodipine, which provides a combination pharmaceutical composition comprising 2.5 to 5 mg.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 복합 약학적 조성물은, 안지오텐신-2-수용체 관련 질환 예방 또는 치료용인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 약학적 조성물을 제공한다.In the present invention, the combination pharmaceutical composition provides a combination pharmaceutical composition, characterized in that for preventing or treating angiotensin-2-receptor-related diseases.
본 발명에 있어서, 상기 복합 약학적 조성물은, 코팅층이 구비된 필름코팅정 형태인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 약학적 조성물을 제공한다.In the present invention, the composite pharmaceutical composition provides a composite pharmaceutical composition, characterized in that in the form of a film-coated tablet provided with a coating layer.
본 발명은 피마사르탄 및 에스암로디핀의 2개의 유효성분을 함유하면서도 우수한 용출 특성을 나타내고, 궁극적으로 생체 이용율을 향상시킬 수 있어 고혈압 및/또는 고지혈증에 기인한 합병증의 예방, 완화 또는 치료에 효과이다. 특히, 용해도가 낮은 피마사르탄의 용출 특성을 크게 개선시켜을 뿐 아니라, 낮은 pH에서의 용출 특성도 크게 개선시켰는 바, 약물의 효과를 보다 높히는 효과가 있다.The present invention exhibits excellent dissolution properties while containing two active ingredients, fimasartan and escamlodipine, and can ultimately improve bioavailability, which is effective in preventing, alleviating or treating complications caused by hypertension and/or hyperlipidemia. . In particular, not only the dissolution characteristics of fimasartan with low solubility were greatly improved, but also the dissolution characteristics at low pH were also greatly improved, thereby increasing the effect of the drug.
도 1은, 실시예 7에서 제조된 필름코팅정의 실물 사진이다.
도 2는, 실시예에서 사용된 피마사르탄칼륨삼수화물의 원료입도 분포를 나타낸 것이다.
도 3은, 실시예 7과 비교예를 비교한 비교용출 그래프이다.1 is a real photograph of a film-coated tablet prepared in Example 7.
Figure 2 shows the raw material particle size distribution of fimasartan potassium trihydrate used in Examples.
3 is a comparative dissolution graph comparing Example 7 and Comparative Example.
이하, 본 발명에 대하여 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
본 발명은, 제1유효성분으로 피마사르탄 또는 이의 약제학적으로 허용가능한 염, 및 약제학적으로 허용되는 첨가제를 포함하는 과립부; 및 The present invention, as a first active ingredient, a granular part containing fimasartan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable additive; and
제2유효성분으로 에스암로디핀 또는 이의 약제학적으로 허용가능한 염을 포함하는 복합 약학적 조성물로서, 단층정 형태인 것을 특징으로 한다.A complex pharmaceutical composition containing escamlodipine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a second active ingredient, characterized in that it is in the form of a monolayer tablet.
단층정은 다층정에 비해 용출 특성 조절은 어려울지라도, 공정이 단순하고 생산비용을 절감할 수 있으며, 다층정에 비해 첨가제의 사용을 상대적으로 줄일 수 있는 여지가 크다 등의 장점이 있다.Although it is difficult to control the dissolution characteristics of the single-layer tablet compared to the multi-layer tablet, the process is simple, the production cost can be reduced, and the use of additives can be relatively reduced compared to the multi-layer tablet.
상기 과립부는, 임의의 습식 코팅정제의 제조방법에 따라 제조할 수 있다. 즉, 습식 과립법에 따라 과립물을 수득하고 이를 타정함으로써 제조할 수 있는데, 구체적으로 본 발명의 구현한 실시예에 따르면, 약물을 부형제 등과 혼합한 후, 결합제 및 가용화제를 포함하는 결합액을 이용하여 습식 과립법에 따라 과립화하고, 여기에 제2유효성분과 부형제, 활택제 등 약제학적으로 허용되는 첨가제를 첨가하여 타정함으로써 제조할 수 있다.The granular part may be prepared according to any method for preparing wet coated tablets. That is, it can be prepared by obtaining granules according to the wet granulation method and tableting them. Specifically, according to an embodiment of the present invention, after mixing a drug with an excipient, etc., a binder solution containing a binder and a solubilizing agent is prepared. It can be prepared by granulating according to the wet granulation method using a wet granulation method, adding a pharmaceutically acceptable additive such as a second active ingredient, an excipient, and a lubricant to the tablet.
상기 습식 과립법은 통상의 방식을 채용할 수 있고, 예컨대 고전단 혼합기에서 혼합하면서 습식 과립화하고 유동층 건조기에서 건조하여 수득할 수 있다.The wet granulation method may employ a conventional method, and may be obtained by, for example, wet granulation while mixing in a high shear mixer and drying in a fluidized bed dryer.
상기 과립부에 함유되는 제1유효성분은 피마사르탄 칼륨으로서 30~60㎎ 포함되는 것일 수 있다. 여기서, 피마사르탄 칼륨으로서 30~60㎎ 포함되는 것이므로, 염, 수화물, 용매화물 등 다양한 형태를 가진 경우를 포함하는 것이고, 이러한 형태요소 인한 중량의 증감되는 경우도 모두 포함하는 것이다.The first active ingredient contained in the granular part may be 30 to 60 mg of fimasartan potassium. Here, since it contains 30 to 60 mg of fimasartan potassium, it includes cases with various forms such as salts, hydrates, and solvates, and also includes cases in which the weight increases or decreases due to these form factors.
또한, 상기 과립부의 제1유효성분은 피마사르탄 칼륨으로서 입도 분포가 하기 조건 중 하나 이상을 만족하는 것일 수 있다.In addition, the first active ingredient of the granular part may be fimasartan potassium, which has a particle size distribution that satisfies one or more of the following conditions.
1) 입자 중 하위 10% 입자의 평균 입도(D10)가 1~20㎛1) The average particle size (D10) of the lower 10% of the particles is 1 to 20㎛
2) 입자 중 하위 50% 입자의 평균 입도(D50)가 5~100㎛2) The average particle size (D50) of the lower 50% of the particles is 5 to 100㎛
3) 입자 중 하위 90% 입자의 평균 입도(D90)가 25~150㎛3) The average particle size (D90) of the lower 90% of the particles is 25 to 150㎛
상기 제2유효성분은 에스암로디핀으로서 2.5~5㎎ 포함하는 것일 수 있다. 여기서, 에스암로디핀으로서 2.5~5㎎ 포함되는 것이므로, 염, 수화물, 용매화물 등 다양한 형태를 가진 경우를 포함하는 것이고, 이러한 형태요소 인한 중량의 증감되는 경우도 모두 포함하는 것이다.The second active ingredient may include 2.5 to 5 mg of escamlodipine. Here, since it is contained in 2.5 to 5 mg as amlodipine, it includes cases with various forms such as salts, hydrates, and solvates, and also includes cases in which the weight increases or decreases due to these form factors.
상기 제2유효성분은 상기 과립부와 후혼합되어 타정될 수 있고, 이 때 약제학적으로 허용되는 부형제, 붕해제, 가용화제, 활택제 등의 첨가제와 함께 후혼합될 수도 있다.The second active ingredient may be mixed with the granules and then compressed into tablets, and at this time may be mixed together with additives such as pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, disintegrants, solubilizers, and lubricants.
상기 첨가제는, 전체 조성물에 대하여 30 내지 85 중량%, 바람직하게는 50 내지 70 중량%로 포함한다. 상기 범위를 벗어나는 경우 과도한 첨가제 투입으로 제제의 크기 및 부피가 증가되어 복용상 거부감을 일으킬 수 있다.The additive is included in an amount of 30 to 85% by weight, preferably 50 to 70% by weight, based on the total composition. If it is out of the above range, the size and volume of the formulation may increase due to excessive addition of additives, which may cause a feeling of rejection.
본 발명에 사용될 수 있는 첨가제는 일반적으로 약제학적으로 허용되는 첨가제를 비제한적으로 모두 포함하고, 이에 대한 예시로, 부형제, 결합제, 붕해제, 활택제, 및 가용화제로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상인 것을 들 수 있다.Additives that can be used in the present invention generally include, but are not limited to, all pharmaceutically acceptable additives, and examples thereof are at least one selected from the group consisting of excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, and solubilizers. can hear
상기 부형제는 전체 조성물에 대하여 25 내지 70중량%로 포함될 수 있다.The excipient may be included in an amount of 25 to 70% by weight based on the total composition.
상기 부형제는 약제학적으로 허용되는 부형제를 비제한적으로 쓸 수 있지만, 이의 예로는 유당, 백당, 포도당, 과당, 만니톨, 옥수수전분, 감자전분, 밀전분, 전호화전분, 미결정셀룰로오스, 셀룰로오스 유도체, 덱스트린, 인산일수소칼슘, 인산이수소칼슘, 탄산칼슘, 폴라크릴린칼륨, 아세트산, 탄산암모늄, 인산암모늄, 붕산, 젖산, 구연산, 인산칼륨, 인산나트륨, 아세트산나트륨, 구연산나트륨, 젖산나트륨, 아스코르빈산, 아스코르빌파르미테이트 등을 들 수 있다.The excipients may be pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, but examples thereof include lactose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannitol, corn starch, potato starch, wheat starch, pregelatinized starch, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose derivatives, and dextrin. , calcium monohydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, potassium polyacrylic acid, acetic acid, ammonium carbonate, ammonium phosphate, boric acid, lactic acid, citric acid, potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, ascor Binic acid, ascorbyl parmitate, etc. are mentioned.
상기 붕해제는 전체 조성물에 대하여 0.5 내지 20 중량%, 결합제는 전체 조성물에 대하여 0.1 내지 20중량%로 포함될 수 있다. The disintegrant may be included in an amount of 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on the total composition, and the binder in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the total composition.
상기 붕해제는 약제학적으로 허용되는 부형제를 비제한적으로 쓸 수 있지만, 이의 예로는, 저치환도 히드록시프로필셀룰로오스, 크로스카멜로오스나트륨, 전분글리콘산나트륨, 카르복시메칠셀룰로오스나트륨, 카르복시메칠셀룰로오스칼슘, 크로스포비돈, 라우릴황산나트륨 등일 수 있다. 상기 부형제 및 붕해제는 동시에 또는 개별적으로 사용될 수 있다.The disintegrant may use pharmaceutically acceptable excipients without limitation, examples thereof include low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose , crospovidone, sodium lauryl sulfate, and the like. The excipients and disintegrants may be used simultaneously or separately.
상기 결합제는 약제학적으로 허용되는 부형제를 비제한적으로 쓸 수 있지만, 이의 예시로, 히드록시프로필셀룰로오스, 히드록시프로필메틸셀룰로오스, 히드록시셀룰로오스, 메틸셀룰로오스, 에칠셀룰로오스, 히드록시에칠셀룰로오스, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 폴리비닐알코올, 젤라틴, 덱스트린 등을 들 수 있다.The binder may be a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, but examples thereof include hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and polyvinyl. Pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, dextrin, etc. are mentioned.
상기 활택제는 약제학적으로 허용되는 부형제를 비제한적으로 쓸 수 있지만, 이의 예시로, 스테아린산마그네슘, 스테아릴푸마르산나트륨, 스테아린산, 탈크, 실리콘디옥사이드, 콜로이달실리콘디옥사이드 등 일 수 있다.The lubricant may be a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, but examples thereof include magnesium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid, talc, silicon dioxide, colloidal silicon dioxide, and the like.
상기 활택제 중 선택된 1종 이상의 활택제는 전체 조성물에 대하여 0.1 내지 20 중량%로 함유할 수 있다. 0.1 중량% 미만인 경우는 충전시 질량편차 내지는 함량 불균일이 발생할 염려가 있고, 20 중량%를 초과하는 경우는 수분과의 접촉을 방해하여 용출률이 감소할 염려가 있다.At least one lubricant selected from among the lubricants may be contained in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the total composition. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, there is a concern that mass deviation or content non-uniformity may occur during charging, and if it exceeds 20% by weight, contact with moisture may be hindered and the dissolution rate may decrease.
상기 가용화제는 유효성분의 용출 특성을 개선시키기 위한 것으로서, 특히, 유효성분 중 제1유효성분의 용출 특성을 개선시킬 수 있으며, 이에 따라, 제1유효성분의 중량 대비 1 ~ 50 중량%로 포함되는 것일 수 있고, 바람직하게는, 3 ~ 30 중량%로 포함되는 것일 수 있으며, 보다 바람직하게는, 5 ~ 20 중량%로 포함되는 것일 수 있다. 가용화제가 너무 과소하게 첨가되는 경우, 용출 특성 개선에 미흡하고, 너무 과도하게 첨가되는 경우, 가용화제 단위 사용당 용출 특성 개선 효과는 줄어는 반면, 정제 등의 복용형태가 커지고, 용출 특성에 있어 급격한 용출 현상이 나타나거나, 개체 간 편차가 커질 가능성이 증대되며, 가용화제에 대한 알러지 반응이나 위장관점막 자극 등의 문제점을 유발할 가능성이 커질 수 있다.The solubilizing agent is intended to improve the dissolution properties of the active ingredient, and in particular, can improve the dissolution properties of the first active ingredient among the active ingredients, and thus, 1 to 50% by weight based on the weight of the first active ingredient. It may be, preferably, it may be included in 3 to 30% by weight, more preferably, it may be included in 5 to 20% by weight. If the solubilizing agent is added too little, the dissolution property improvement is insufficient, and if it is added too excessively, the effect of improving the dissolution property per unit use of the solubilizing agent is reduced, while the dosage form such as a tablet becomes large, and the dissolution property is drastically increased. Dissolution may occur, or the possibility of variation between individuals may increase, and the possibility of causing problems such as allergic reactions to solubilizers or irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa may increase.
상기 가용화제는 계면활성제로서, 일반적으로 사용되는 계면활성제의 예시로, 모노올레산에스테르, 모노라우릴산에스테르, 모노팔미트산에스테르, 모노스테아린산에스테르, 폴리옥시에틸렌 소르비탄의 다른 에스테르, 디옥틸술포숙신산나트륨, 레시틴, 스테아릴알콜, 세토스테아릴알콜, 콜레스테롤, 폴리옥시에틸렌리신오일, 폴리옥시에틸렌지방산글리세라이드, 폴록사머, 및 크레모포어 등을 들 수 있지만, HLB값(Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance Value)이 20 내지 30 범위 이내의 비이온성 계면활성제를 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.The solubilizing agent is a surfactant, and examples of commonly used surfactants include monooleic acid esters, monolaurylic acid esters, monopalmitic acid esters, monostearic acid esters, other esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan, dioctylsulfo sodium succinate, lecithin, stearyl alcohol, cetostearyl alcohol, cholesterol, polyoxyethylene lysine oil, polyoxyethylene fatty acid glyceride, poloxamer, and cremaphor, etc. ) It is preferable to use a nonionic surfactant within the range of 20 to 30.
특히, 본 발명의 발명자들은, HLB값(Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance Value)이 이 범위를 벗어나 더 낮거나 더 높은 경우에 비해, 현저히 유효성분의 용출 특성을 개선할 수 있다는 놀라운 발견을 하였다.In particular, the inventors of the present invention made a surprising discovery that the dissolution characteristics of the active ingredient can be significantly improved compared to cases where the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance Value (HLB) value is lower or higher outside this range.
즉, 피마사르탄칼륨삼수화물의 용해도를 증가시킬 수 있는 가용화제를 확인하는 실험을 진행하였는데, HLB값(Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance Value)이 20 내지 30 범위 이내의 비이온성 계면활성제가 가장 좋은 용해도를 나타내었다. 이에 대한 보다 상세한 이해는 후술할 실험예 등을 통해 행하여질 수 있을 것이다.That is, an experiment was conducted to identify a solubilizer capable of increasing the solubility of fimasartan potassium trihydrate, and a nonionic surfactant having an HLB value (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance Value) within the range of 20 to 30 had the best solubility. showed up A more detailed understanding of this can be made through experimental examples to be described later.
상기 HLB값(Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance Value)이 20 내지 30 범위 이내의 비이온성 계면활성제의 예시로, poloxamer188(HLB≒29), poloxamer407(HLB≒20~23), 또는 이들의 조합(HLB≒20~29)인 것을 들 수 있다. As an example of a nonionic surfactant having the HLB value (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance Value) within the range of 20 to 30, poloxamer188 (HLB≒29), poloxamer407 (HLB≒20 to 23), or a combination thereof (HLB≒20 to 29) can be cited.
본 발명에 따른 조성물은 정제, 캡슐제, 과립제, 산제, 환제, 건조 시럽제 등의 경구투여용 고형제제로 제형화 할 수 있고, 바람직하게는 정제 또는 캡슐제, 보다 더 바람직하게는, 정제 형태의 경구투여이다.The composition according to the present invention may be formulated into solid preparations for oral administration such as tablets, capsules, granules, powders, pills, dry syrups, etc., preferably in the form of tablets or capsules, and more preferably in the form of tablets. It is an oral administration.
특히, 상기 복합 약학적 조성물은, 코팅기제에 의해 코팅층이 구비된 필름코팅정 형태인 것이 바람직하다.In particular, the composite pharmaceutical composition is preferably in the form of a film-coated tablet provided with a coating layer by a coating agent.
상기 코팅기제는 약제학적으로 허용되는 코팅기제를 비제한적으로 사용할 수 있지만, 히드록시프로필메틸셀룰로오스(HPMC)이 포함된 것을 바람직하게 사용할 수 있다.As the coating agent, a pharmaceutically acceptable coating agent may be used without limitation, but one containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) may be preferably used.
상기 코팅층은, 반드시 이에 한정되는 것은 아니지만, 전체 조성물 중량 대비, 1~10 중량% 범위 이내로 사용되는 것이 바람직하고, 3~5 중량% 범위 이내로 사용되는 것이 더 바람직하다. 상기 범위 미만으로 과소량일 경우, 나정 성상 개선을 위한 마스킹 효과 부족, 보관 안정성 개선 효과 부족, 마손도 증가 등의 문제가 나타날 우려가 있고, 상기 범위 초과로 과대량일 경우, 붕해 또는 용출 지연, 로고 브릿징 현상 등이 일어날 우려가 있을 수 있다.The coating layer, but is not necessarily limited thereto, is preferably used within the range of 1 to 10% by weight, more preferably within the range of 3 to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. If the amount is less than the above range, problems such as lack of masking effect for improving the properties of uncoated tablets, lack of effect to improve storage stability, and increased wear may occur, and if the amount exceeds the above range, disintegration or dissolution delay, logo brit There may be a possibility of a jing phenomenon or the like.
본 발명에 따른 약학적 조성물은 제형으로서의 가공성 등 제제학적으로 요구되는 물리화학적 성질이 우수하다. 즉, 정제 또는 캡슐과 같은 형태로 제형화 시, 약리 효과가 균일한 정제 또는 캡슐을 생산할 수 있으며, 제형화 공정 동안 약리 효과가 저하되는 문제가 발생하지 않을 뿐 아니라, 약효가 우수하면서 균일한 약리 효과를 가지는 제제를 경제적으로 생산할 수 있다.The pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention has excellent physicochemical properties required pharmaceutically, such as processability as a dosage form. That is, when formulated in the form of tablets or capsules, tablets or capsules with uniform pharmacological effects can be produced, and the problem of deterioration of pharmacological effects does not occur during the formulation process, as well as excellent pharmacological effects and uniform pharmacological effects. A formulation having an effect can be economically produced.
본 발명의 복합 약학적 조성물은, 안지오텐신-2-수용체 관련 질환 예방 또는 치료용도로 사용될 수 있다. The combined pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be used for preventing or treating angiotensin-2-receptor related diseases.
상기 안지오텐신-2-수용체 관련 질환은, 기존에 알려진 질환뿐 아니라 장래에 밝혀질 질환을 포함하며, 이에 대한 비제한적 예시로, 중풍, 뇌졸중, 뇌일혈, 뇌경색, 알츠하이머, 혈관성 치매, 크로이츠펠트-야콥병, 당뇨병, 비만증, 고지혈증, 관상 동맥 질환, 협심증, 심근경색, 고혈압, 심부전, 염증 등을 들 수 있다.The angiotensin-2-receptor-related diseases include previously known diseases as well as diseases to be revealed in the future, and non-limiting examples thereof include stroke, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertension, heart failure, inflammation, and the like.
이하, 본 발명에 대하여 실시예를 들어 보다 더 상세히 설명한다. 다만, 이하의 실시예는 발명의 상세한 설명을 위한 것일 뿐 이에 의해 권리범위를 제한하려는 의도가 아님을 분명히 해둔다.Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described in more detail. However, it is made clear that the following examples are only for detailed description of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of rights thereby.
실시예Example
하기 표 1에 처방된 성분함량으로 각각의 실시예를 제조하였다.Each example was prepared with the ingredient content prescribed in Table 1 below.
목적combination
purpose
실시예Example 1 내지 3 1 to 3
정제수 및 에탄올 혼합액에 가용화제와 결합제를 녹여 결합액을 제조하고, 상기 결합액으로 피마사르탄칼륨 삼수화물, 미결정셀룰로오스, 크로스카멜로오스나트륨을 연합하고, 이를 건조 및 정립한 이후, 상기 정립물에 에스암로디핀베실산염, 옥수수전분, 라우릴황산나트륨, 및 활택제를 후혼합하고 타정하여 나정을 제조하였다.A binder solution was prepared by dissolving a solubilizing agent and a binder in a mixed solution of purified water and ethanol, combining fimasartan potassium trihydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, and croscarmellose sodium with the binder solution, drying and sizing it, and then Amlodipine besylate, corn starch, sodium lauryl sulfate, and a lubricant were then mixed and tableted to prepare uncoated tablets.
이후, 상기 나정을 코팅기제로 코팅하여 최종적으로 필름코팅정을 제조하였다.Thereafter, the uncoated tablet was coated with a coating base to finally prepare a film-coated tablet.
실시예Example 4 4
정제수 및 에탄올 혼합액에 가용화제와 결합제를 녹여 결합액을 제조하고, 상기 결합액으로 피마사르탄칼륨 삼수화물, D-만니톨, 크로스카멜로오스나트륨을 연합하고, 이를 건조 및 정립한 이후, 상기 정립물에 에스암로디핀베실산염, 옥수수전분, 라우릴황산나트륨, 및 활택제를 후혼합하고 타정하여 나정을 제조하였다.A binder solution was prepared by dissolving a solubilizing agent and a binder in a mixed solution of purified water and ethanol, combining fimasartan potassium trihydrate, D-mannitol, and croscarmellose sodium with the binder solution, drying and sizing it, and then the sized product Amlodipine besylate, corn starch, sodium lauryl sulfate, and a lubricant were then mixed and tableted to prepare uncoated tablets.
이후, 상기 나정을 코팅기제로 코팅하여 최종적으로 필름코팅정을 제조하였다.Thereafter, the uncoated tablet was coated with a coating base to finally prepare a film-coated tablet.
실시예Example 5 내지 6 5 to 6
정제수 및 에탄올 혼합액에 가용화제와 결합제를 녹여 결합액을 제조하고, 피마사르탄칼륨삼수화물, 미결정셀룰로오스, 크로스카멜로오스나트륨을 연합하고, 이를 건조 및 정립한 이후, 상기 정립물에 에스암로디핀베실산염, D-만니톨 및 활택제를 후혼합하고 타정하여 나정을 제조하였다.A solubilizing agent and a binder are dissolved in a mixture of purified water and ethanol to prepare a binder solution, and pimasartan potassium trihydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, and croscarmellose sodium are combined, dried and sized, , D-mannitol and a lubricant were mixed and tableted to prepare uncoated tablets.
이후, 상기 나정을 코팅기제로 코팅하여 최종적으로 필름코팅정을 제조하였다.Thereafter, the uncoated tablet was coated with a coating base to finally prepare a film-coated tablet.
실시예Example 7 7
정제수에 가용화제와 결합제를 녹여 결합액을 제조하고, 상기 결합액으로 피마사르탄칼륨 삼수화물, 미결정셀룰로오스, 크로스카멜로오스나트륨, 라우릴황산나트륨을 연합하고, 이를 건조 및 정립한 이후, 상기 정립물에 에스암로디핀베실산염, D-만니톨, 및 활택제를 후혼합하고 타정하여 나정을 제조하였다.A solubilizing agent and a binder are dissolved in purified water to prepare a binder solution, and with the binder solution, fimasartan potassium trihydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium lauryl sulfate are combined, dried and sized, and then the sized product Amlodipine besylate, D-mannitol, and a lubricant were then mixed and tableted to prepare uncoated tablets.
이후, 상기 나정을 코팅기제로 코팅하여 최종적으로 필름코팅정을 제조하였다.Thereafter, the uncoated tablet was coated with a coating base to finally prepare a film-coated tablet.
비교예comparative example
듀카브™정 60/10㎎ (제조원: 보령제약)
실험예Experimental Example
정제 물성 평가Evaluation of tablet physical properties
상기 실시예에서 제조된 정제의 물리적 파라미터를 평가하였고, 결과는 하기 표 2와 같았다.The physical parameters of the tablets prepared in the above examples were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
(색상, 표면)Poor wear and tear
(color, surface)
마손불량disintegration delay
Poor wear and tear
마손 불량
성상불량
(색상, 표면)disintegration delay
Poor wear and tear
bad appearance
(color, surface)
(색상, 표면)bad appearance
(color, surface)
성상불량
(색상, 표면)disintegration delay
bad appearance
(color, surface)
참고로, 실시예 중 폴리소르베이트80 및 메글루민 사용 실시예는 정제의 표면이 거칠고, 황색을 띠는 등 성상이 불량하였다.For reference, among the examples,
정제 용출 특성 평가Evaluation of purification dissolution characteristics
상기 실시예에서 제조된 정제의 용출 특성을 평가하였고, 결과는 하기 표 3, 및 도 3과 같았다.The dissolution characteristics of the tablets prepared in the above examples were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 3 and FIG. 3 below.
(피마사르탄칼륨)Comparative Example (F)
(Fimasartan Potassium)
(피마사르탄칼륨)Example 7 (F)
(Fimasartan Potassium)
(암로디핀)Comparative Example (A)
(amlodipine)
(에스암로디핀)Example 7 (SA)
(esamlodipine)
전반적으로, 피마사르탄칼륨은 pH1.2액에서는 약물이 잘 방출되지 않고, pH4.0액에서는 용출률이 저하되는 물질 특성이 있음을 확인하였다.Overall, it was confirmed that the drug was not well released in the pH 1.2 solution and the dissolution rate was lowered in the pH 4.0 solution.
또한, 실시예7은 비교예에 비해 피마사르탄이 신속하게 약물이 방출되는 장점이 있음을 확인하였다.In addition, Example 7 confirmed that Fimasartan has the advantage of rapidly releasing the drug compared to Comparative Example.
가용화제에 따른 according to solubilizing agent 피마사르탄칼슘삼수화물의Fimasartan calcium trihydrate 용해도 측정 solubility measurement
피마사르탄칼륨삼수화물과 다양한 종류의 가용화제를 1:0.5 중량비율로 혼합한 후, 산성 환경인 pH1.2액, 및 pH 4.0액을 매질로 하여 실온에서 500rpm으로 24시간 교반한 후 용해도를 평가하였다. 결과는 하기 표 4 및 표 5와 같았다.Fimasartan potassium trihydrate and various types of solubilizing agents were mixed at a weight ratio of 1:0.5, and then stirred at room temperature at 500 rpm for 24 hours using pH 1.2 liquid and pH 4.0 liquid as medium, and then the solubility was measured. evaluated. The results were shown in Table 4 and Table 5 below.
(피마사르탄
칼륨삼수화물)control group
(Fimasartan
potassium trihydrate)
188poloxamer
188
407poloxamer
407
(sodium lauryl sulfate)SLS
(sodium lauryl sulfate)
(Cetrimonium bromide)
CTAB
(Cetrimonium bromide)
(㎎㎖)solubility
(mgml)
(피마사르탄
칼륨삼수화물)control group
(Fimasartan
potassium trihydrate)
188poloxamer
188
407poloxamer
407
(㎎㎖)solubility
(mgml)
상기 표 4 및 표 5에서 확인되듯이 HLB값이 20 내지 30 범위에 있는 비이온성 계면활성제인 poloxamer188과 poloxamer407이 다른 가용화제에 비해 현저히 높은 용해도 성능을 나타내는 것으로 평가되었다.As confirmed in Tables 4 and 5, nonionic surfactants poloxamer188 and poloxamer407 having HLB values in the range of 20 to 30 were evaluated to exhibit significantly higher solubility performance than other solubilizers.
Claims (10)
제2유효성분으로 에스암로디핀 또는 이의 약제학적으로 허용가능한 염을 포함하는 복합 약학적 조성물로서,
단층정 형태인 것을 특징으로 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 약학적 조성물.A granular part containing fimasartan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a first active ingredient, and pharmaceutically acceptable additives; and
A complex pharmaceutical composition comprising escamlodipine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a second active ingredient,
A combination pharmaceutical composition, characterized in that it is in the form of a single-layer tablet.
1) 입자 중 하위 10% 입자의 평균 입도(D10)가 1~20㎛
2) 입자 중 하위 50% 입자의 평균 입도(D50)가 5~100㎛
3) 입자 중 하위 90% 입자의 평균 입도(D90)가 25~150㎛The combination pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the first active ingredient is fimasartan potassium and its particle size distribution satisfies at least one of the following conditions.
1) The average particle size (D10) of the lower 10% of the particles is 1 to 20㎛
2) The average particle size (D50) of the lower 50% of the particles is 5 to 100㎛
3) The average particle size (D90) of the lower 90% of the particles is 25 to 150㎛
Priority Applications (1)
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KR1020210183202A KR20230094053A (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Combined pharmaceutical composition for treating hypertension |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020210183202A KR20230094053A (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Combined pharmaceutical composition for treating hypertension |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20230094053A true KR20230094053A (en) | 2023-06-27 |
Family
ID=86947130
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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KR1020210183202A KR20230094053A (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Combined pharmaceutical composition for treating hypertension |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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KR (1) | KR20230094053A (en) |
-
2021
- 2021-12-20 KR KR1020210183202A patent/KR20230094053A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
"Pharmacokinetic comparison between fixed-dose combination of fimasartan/amlodipine 60/10 mg and the corresponding loose combination through partial replicated crossover study in healthy subjects" Transl Clin Pharmacol(TCP), 2019;27(4):134-140 |
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