KR20230079739A - Method of producing livestock feed to prevent rancidity of fatty acids and reduce cyanide in flaxseed through special processing - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a feed producing method which prevents rancidity and reduces prussic acid in flax seed feed through a special process, more specifically, to a method of producing livestock feed with increased anti-rancidity effect, comprising: a puffing extrusion process including a high temperature and high pressure puffing process; an antioxidant addition process; and a vacuum packaging process. Through this, it was confirmed through TBARS analysis and acid value and peroxide value indicators which the manufacturing process technology of the present invention prevents rancidity of oil and fat components in flax seeds, and is provided a technology to increase the safety of feed by preserving the content of omega-3 fatty acids, maintaining the functionality of feed and removing prussic acid.

Description

Method of producing livestock feed to prevent rancidity of fatty acids and reduce cyanide in flaxseed through special processing}

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing livestock feed for preventing rancidity and reducing liquidation of fatty acid components exposed after flax seed grinding, and more specifically, gelatinization through an extrusion process of starch components in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment. It relates to a method for producing livestock feed to prevent rancidity and reduce liquidation of fats and oils in flax seed feed, including a special manufacturing process comprising a.

Plant raw materials and animal raw materials, which are mainly used in conventional livestock feed, have been manufacturing livestock feed using raw materials having various effects to date due to their respective strengths and weaknesses.

Flax, one of the vegetable raw materials, is an annual herb of the flax family and has a plant height of 70 to 110 cm. In general, it is grown in hot, dry or cold northern regions and is manufactured for fiber and livestock feed. Recently, it has become popular as a diet food and is used as a functional food.

Flax seeds corresponding to the seeds of flax contain a high content of omega-3 fatty acids, and are known to have effects such as removing cholesterol in the blood and relieving cardiovascular diseases, preventing aging, and removing inflammation. Based on this efficacy, conventional livestock feed manufacturing technologies have developed techniques for using flax seeds rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid, as a raw material for feed. If flax seeds are used as feed, not only the income of farmers increases, but also it is possible to manufacture feed with excellent efficacy. Therefore, studies were conducted to develop omega-3 enriched eggs or milk using flax seeds, but the high unsaturated fatty acid content of flax seeds There was a problem of having to solve the problem of rancidity caused by and the content of cyanide contained in flax seeds.

This rancidity phenomenon refers to a deterioration phenomenon in which the taste and properties of a feed containing a large amount of oil, such as feed made from pulverized flax seeds, deteriorate when exposed to air for a long time or when heated at a high temperature. identified as the cause of the decline.

In addition, since linamarin, a toxic component in immature flax seeds, can produce deadly poison by producing cyanide at a specific temperature, pH and moisture, there is a problem that it must be stored in a dry state and fed to livestock to suppress cyanide production.

Since the flax seed has a composition of 16% monounsaturated fatty acid, 75% polyunsaturated fatty acid, and 9% saturated fat, feed containing flax seed has a higher content of unsaturated fatty acid than other feed ingredients.

Therefore, considering that the rancidity process is feed deterioration by oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, a problem arises that feed using flax seeds is more vulnerable to rancidity compared to feeds using other raw materials. Therefore, the reason why flax seeds are used as raw materials Since unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, which have a beneficial effect on the health of livestock, are destroyed by oxidation, the quality and efficacy of feed can also be greatly reduced.

As such, rancidity of feed in flax seeds reduces marketability due to distribution problems and reduced storage period, reduces the potential efficacy of feed by altering omega-3 fatty acids in feed, and increases the ratio of oxidized fat components. Since the composition of the feed components changes according to the composition of the feed itself and the uniformity of the feed itself is reduced, the quality is greatly deteriorated, which is a significant problem, so a technology for reducing or preventing rancidity is required.

In addition, apart from rancidity, flax seeds produce toxic substances called cyanide compounds to defend against external risk factors due to the nature of seeds, which are hydrolyzed by enzymes or acids in the stomach to form cyanide. The cyanide produced in this way is absorbed in the digestive tract and circulates through the blood, interfering with the action of oxygen-activating enzymes and causing respiratory difficulties and respiratory paralysis. In the case of severe toxicity, it causes death of livestock or even abortion, so technology to reduce liquidation in flax seeds is also needed in terms of feed stability.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a livestock feed that prevents rancidity of fatty acids in flax seeds and at the same time reduces liquidation through special processing to solve problems caused by rancidity and liquidation of oil and fat components in flax seeds.

However, the technical problems to be achieved in the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned technical problems, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clear to those skilled in the art from the description below. You will be able to understand.

In order to achieve the above technical problem, the present invention prevents rancidity of fats and oils in flax seed feed, characterized in that it includes a special manufacturing process including gelatinization through extrusion process in a high-temperature design environment of starch components, Provided is a feed manufacturing method capable of reducing liquidation reduction.

The present invention minimizes oxygen exposure by binding oil and fat components in feed to starch or preventing them from escaping from the coating through gelatinization, and may include a process of evaporating or removing cyanide into the atmosphere through a high-temperature and high-pressure environment. .

Through the above process, rancidity of feed in flax seeds is prevented to solve the deterioration problem that occurs during distribution and storage, and the composition of feed is kept uniform and liquidation is reduced to solve the problems of conventional flax seeds and improve feed quality. Provides a way to increase safety.

In order to achieve the above technical problem, the present invention includes a first step of selecting flax seeds with a screener to remove foreign substances and pulverizing through a hammer mill;

A second step in which the pulverized material produced in the first step passes through a mixer and the raw materials are mixed;

It is possible to provide a livestock feed method including a manufacturing method through special processing, such as the third step in which the mixture obtained in the second step undergoes a swelling regulator to have a high temperature condition and a high pressure condition.

The present invention may be a method for producing livestock feed, characterized in that the third step is subjected to a swelling regulator to adjust to a high temperature condition of 100 to 170 ° C.

The present invention further includes a process of adjusting the speed through a speed motor in the third step, thereby adjusting the passing speed of the raw material in the extruder (inflator) barrel to 10 to 50 sec Manufacturing livestock feed, characterized in that it could be a way

The present invention may be a method for producing livestock feed, characterized in that a specific formulation is formed by performing final expansion so that the raw feed having a constant passing rate has additional high temperature and high pressure through an expander.

In addition, the final expansion process is a method of manufacturing livestock feed, characterized in that the current, temperature, and pressure of the expansion machine are set to specific values through the control box to gelatinize the starch, thereby producing a protein-protecting formulation can

In addition, the gelatinized raw material formulation may be a method for producing livestock feed, characterized in that it does not have a powder scattering phenomenon and has a form suitable for blending with existing feed.

The present invention may be a method for producing livestock feed, characterized in that the raw feed formed at high temperature and high pressure and a specific formulation is cooled through a cooler through the above process.

The present invention may be a method for producing livestock feed, characterized in that the raw material feed that has passed through the cooler is ground into smaller fine powder through a secondary grinder and produced in a formulated state.

In addition, the formulation finally developed through the above processes is a fine powder formulation, which is caramelized and Maillard reaction proceeds due to a high-temperature and high-pressure environment through a secondary grinder and an expander to brown. It can be a method for producing livestock feed. there is.

The present invention may be a method for producing livestock feed, characterized in that a special additive for preventing rancidity is put into a secondary mixer and mixed with the formulated raw feed.

The present invention may be a method for producing livestock feed, characterized in that the mixed raw feed is collected in a final storage bin and vacuum-packed to prevent further rancidity.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, by solving the problem of rancidity occurring in feed containing flax seeds, there is an effect of increasing the storage period of feed and enabling it to have uniform quality.

In addition, it is possible to secure price competitiveness by significantly reducing the price of feed containing flax seeds, which has risen due to difficulties in processing, distribution, and storage of the conventional manufacturing method.

In addition, by solving the rancidity problem, beneficial physiologically active substances such as omega-3 fatty acids are maintained without being destroyed, so that health improvement effects such as livestock inflammation or stress reduction can be expected. Through the process of reducing cyanide toxicity due to cyanide, etc., the availability as feed was increased.

However, the effects obtainable in the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below. You will be able to.

The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and together with the detailed description of the present invention serve to further understand the technical idea of the present invention, the present invention is the details described in such drawings should not be construed as limited to
1 is a flow chart showing a method for producing a livestock feed for preventing rancidity of fatty acids in flax seeds and reducing liquidation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a photograph comparing formulations of a feed prepared through an expander and a feed before passing through an expander according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3a is a graph evaluating the degree of rancidity that changes by exposing to the outside after opening the feed before and after swelling.
Figure 3b is a graph evaluating the degree of rancidity through an acid value index that changes by exposing the feed to the outside after opening it before and after swelling.
Figure 3c is a graph evaluating the degree of rancidity through peroxide value indicators that change by exposing the feed to the outside after opening it before and after swelling.
Figure 4 is a table comparing the analysis of the general components of the selected flax seed and flax seed feed through special processing of the expander.
Figure 5 is a table of the results of analyzing the composition of fatty acids such as omega-3 fatty acids through fatty acid analysis of specially processed feed.
Figure 6 is a table of the analysis of 11 essential toxic substances of feed manufactured through special processing.
7 is a comparative graph of the content of cyanide commonly found in seeds before and after swelling.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those skilled in the art can easily carry out the present invention. However, since the description of the present invention is only an embodiment for structural or functional description, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the embodiments described in the text. That is, since the embodiment can be changed in various ways and can have various forms, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention includes equivalents capable of realizing the technical idea. In addition, since the object or effect presented in the present invention does not mean that a specific embodiment should include all of them or only such effects, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto.

The meaning of terms described in the present invention should be understood as follows.

Terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish one component from another, and the scope of rights should not be limited by these terms. For example, a first element may be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element may be termed a first element. It should be understood that when an element is referred to as “connected” to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element, but other elements may exist in the middle. On the other hand, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” to another element, it should be understood that no intervening elements exist. Meanwhile, other expressions describing the relationship between components, such as “between” and “immediately between” or “adjacent to” and “directly adjacent to” should be interpreted similarly.

Singular expressions should be understood to include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and terms such as “comprise” or “having” refer to a described feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or It should be understood that it is intended to indicate that a combination exists, and does not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

All terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, unless defined otherwise. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as consistent with meanings in the context of related art, and cannot be interpreted as having ideal or excessively formal meanings unless explicitly defined in the present invention.

1 is a flow chart showing a method for producing a livestock feed for preventing rancidity of fatty acids in flax seeds and reducing liquidation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a photograph comparing formulations of a feed prepared through an expander and a feed before passing through an expander according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3a is a graph evaluating the degree of rancidity that changes by exposing to the outside after opening the feed before and after swelling.

Figure 3b is a graph evaluating the degree of rancidity through an acid value index that changes by exposing the feed to the outside after opening it before and after swelling.

Figure 3c is a graph evaluating the degree of rancidity through peroxide value indicators that change by exposing the feed to the outside after opening it before and after swelling.

Figure 4 is a table comparing the analysis of the general components of the selected flax seed and flax seed feed through special processing of the expander.

Figure 5 is a table of the results of analyzing the composition of fatty acids such as omega-3 fatty acids through fatty acid analysis of specially processed feed.

Figure 6 is a table of the analysis of 11 essential toxic substances of feed manufactured through special processing.

7 is a comparative graph of the content of cyanide commonly found in seeds before and after swelling.

Devices used in the present invention are as follows. The grinder pulverizes the feed material, and the feed material ingredients are mixed through the mixer. The speed motor is a device that adjusts the passing speed of the feed in the barrel, and the reaction temperature and pressure can be controlled through the controller. The control box is a device used to set the extruder and is a master control device for current, temperature and pressure. The extruder is a device capable of extruding and formulating raw materials and capable of high-temperature and high-pressure expansion. In the case of feed manufactured through the above devices, packaging is performed through a sealing packer to prevent vacuum packaging and rancidity.

However, in the case of the feed manufacturing method through the present invention, it is not specified as the device used in the present invention, and may be replaced with a device having similar effects and performance in addition to the devices mentioned above.

[Example]

Example 1: Main raw materials used in the present invention

Flax seed, one of the plant raw materials used in the present invention, aims to develop and supply flax seed feed with excellent marketability to farms, so securing price competitiveness of the raw material should be checked as a priority.

For this purpose, flax seeds from Canada, which can be mass-produced, are generally used. At this time, the flax seeds have a flat oval shape with one side obliquely pointed, 4 to 6 mm in length, 2 to 3 mm in width, and 0.5 to 0.7 mm in diameter. It is characterized by a dark brown glossy surface and a slippery feel like oil.

At this time, in the case of origin or external shape such as length, width and thickness, it should be interpreted that it is not limited to the figures mentioned above, and if there is no problem with the quality, it can be used even for flax seeds other than those mentioned above. .

Example 2: Manufacturing method of feed through processing and formulation

In the present invention, in order to increase the purity of flax seeds, the first step is to select them with a screener to remove foreign substances such as stones, soil, and shells, and to grind them through a hammer mill by putting grains, peels, and barks together;

A second step in which the pulverized material produced in the first step passes through a mixer and the raw materials are mixed;

Characterized in that it comprises a third step in which the mixture obtained in the second step is subjected to a swelling regulator that controls the reaction temperature and pressure to have a high temperature condition of 100 ~ 170 ℃ and a high pressure condition of 3 ~ 9 bar It is a method for producing livestock feed that prevents rancidity of fatty acids in seeds and reduces acidification.

The mixture having the specific conditions obtained in the third step is further included in the process of adjusting the speed by passing through the speed motor, through which the passage speed of the raw material in the extruder barrel is controlled to be 10 to 50 sec. It is characterized by doing.

The raw material feed formed by passing through the speed motor has a specific temperature, pressure and speed, and is produced in a formulation that gelatinizes starch and protects protein by performing final expansion to have additional high temperature and high pressure through an expander. . The gelatinized raw material formulation does not have a powder scattering phenomenon unlike conventional ones, and has a form suitable for mixing with conventional feed.

The final swelling process is characterized in that conditions are adjusted to enable gelatinization of starch through a control box, which is a master control device of current, temperature, and pressure.

The raw material formed by the high-temperature design and specific formulation through the final expansion process through the expander is cooled through a cooler.

The raw material feed cooled through the cooler is pulverized into smaller fine powder through the secondary grinder, and antioxidants and antifungal agents are added to the secondary mixer as special additives to prevent rancidity along with the raw material feed appearing in a fine powder formulation. It is characterized by adding and mixing.

The raw feed produced through the mixer is collected in the final storage bin, and vacuum-packed to prevent further rancidity, finally providing a method for producing a livestock feed that prevents rancidity of fatty acids in flax seeds and reduces liquidation through the present invention to be characterized

Example 3: Comparison of feed formulations according to formulations

As shown in Figure 2, the formulation finally developed through the process is a fine powder formulation, compared to the feed before passing through the expansion machine, the powder particles became finer due to the influence of the secondary hammer mill, high temperature and high pressure environment As a result, it was observed that caramelization and Maillard reaction proceeded and browned. Although it is in the form of fine powder, the raw material formulation is gelatinized in a more sticky shape than before swelling, so there is no powder flying phenomenon, and it is a suitable form to mix with feed used in existing farms. In summary, viscosity and particle size were also different from those before swelling in terms of appearance.

Example 4: Evaluation of fat rancidity according to formulation

As shown in FIG. 3a, the TBARS assay is a method for measuring lipid peroxidation through the color reaction of malonyl dialdehyde fatty acids, and is one of the representative rancidity evaluation indicators that can determine the content of free fatty acids. The evaluation method was to open the feed before and after swelling, expose it to the outside for 2 months, and then measure the degree of rancidity that occurred on the last day. By preparing a TBA solution, the TBARS index value of the selected flax seed feed before swelling was 3.37mg/kg, and the TBARS index value of the specially processed flax seed feed after swelling was 2.97mg/kg, confirming that the degree of rancidity was significantly reduced. did

As shown in Figures 3b to 3c, the acid value refers to the content of free fatty acids contained in oil as the level of fatty acids produced by decomposition when oil is oxidized, and quantitatively, the amount of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 1g of lipids is directly related to the degree of rancidity. Looking at the analysis results, it can be seen that flax seed feed applied with special processing technology has the effect of lowering the acid value by about three times or more. Through the result, it was finally confirmed that the anti-rancidity effect was shown in the expanded feed. It was confirmed that there was no significant difference in the peroxide value indicating the content of peroxide in the oil.

Example 5: General component and fatty acid composition analysis

As shown in Figure 4, there was a slight compositional change in crude fat and ash content between the selected flax seeds and flax seed feed through special extruder processing in the main general components, but there was no statistically significant difference in the overall composition. It was confirmed that there were no significant changes.

As shown in FIG. 5, it was confirmed that there was almost no difference in the composition of omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, oleic acid, and saturated fatty acids when compared to the composition of general flax seed feed reported in the academic world. This means that the fatty acid component has not been destroyed during the special process, and that its function can be maintained as it is. On the other hand, since it means that the content of fatty acids in the feed is maintained and fully functional, it is evaluated to have a beneficial effect on the health of livestock.

As shown in Figure 6, the Chungnam National University Agricultural Science Research Institute conducted an analysis of 11 essential toxic substances, and the fact that all the harmful substances tested were below the allowable standard value based on Article 11, Paragraph 1 of the Feed Management Act or were not detected. confirmed. Through this result, it was confirmed that there is no problem with the issues of heavy metal concentration residues that may occur in livestock for current consumption and mycotoxins that cause food poisoning or diseases.

Example 6: Evaluation of cyanide content before and after swelling

As shown in FIG. 7, by evaluating the cyanide content, which seeds often have at a high content, it was also confirmed that the special processing technology had an effect of reducing cyanide. A special high-temperature and high-pressure process within the technology destroys cyanide compounds in the seeds or evaporates them into the atmosphere. The allowable value in the Feed Management Act was 50 ppm, and 41.08 ppm and 13.46 ppm of flax seed feed before and after swelling were recorded, respectively, and all values were below 50 ppm, confirming that the permitted standard was met.

Detailed descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed as described above are provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement and practice the present invention. Although the above has been described with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention can be variously modified and changed without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, those skilled in the art can use each configuration described in the above-described embodiments in a manner of combining with each other. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the present invention. Accordingly, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in all respects and should be considered as illustrative. The scope of the present invention should be determined by reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes within the equivalent scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. The invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. In addition, claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the claims may be combined to form an embodiment or may be included as new claims by amendment after filing.

Claims (12)

A first step of selecting flax seeds with a screener to remove foreign substances and grinding them through a hammer mill;
A second step in which the pulverized material produced in the first step passes through a mixer and the raw materials are mixed;
A method for producing a livestock feed for preventing rancidity of fatty acids in flax seeds and reducing liquidation, characterized in that it comprises a; According to claim 1,
The third step is a method for producing a fatty acid rancidity prevention and liquidation reduction livestock feed in flax seeds, characterized in that it goes through a swelling regulator to adjust to a high temperature condition of 100 ~ 170 ℃. According to claim 1,
The third step is a method for producing livestock feed for preventing rancidity of fatty acids in flax seeds and reducing liquidation, characterized in that going through a swelling regulator to adjust to a high pressure condition of 3 to 9 bar. According to claim 1,
Preventing fatty acid rancidity in flax seeds, characterized in that the third step further includes a process of adjusting the speed through a speed motor to adjust the passing speed of the raw material in the extruder barrel to 10 to 50 sec, and A method for producing low acidity livestock feed. According to claim 4,
Method for producing a livestock feed preventing rancidity of fatty acids and reducing liquidation in flax seeds, characterized in that a specific formulation is formed by performing final expansion so that the raw feed having a constant passage rate has additional high temperature and high pressure through an expander. According to claim 5,
In the final expansion process, the starch is gelatinized by setting the current, temperature, and pressure of the expansion machine to specific values through the Control Box, thereby preventing fatty acid rancidity in flaxseed, characterized in that it is produced as a formulation that protects proteins and A method for producing low acidity livestock feed. According to claim 6,
The gelatinized raw material formulation is a method for producing a livestock feed preventing rancidity of fatty acids and reducing liquidation in flax seeds, characterized in that there is no powder scattering and has a form suitable for mixing with existing feed. According to claim 5,
Through the above process, the raw material feed formed at high temperature and high pressure and a specific formulation is cooled through a cooler. According to claim 8,
A method for producing livestock feed for preventing rancidity of fatty acids and reducing liquidation in flax seeds, characterized in that the raw feed that has passed through the cooler is pulverized into smaller fine powder through a secondary grinder and produced in a formulated state. According to claim 9,
The formulation finally developed through the above processes is a fine powder formulation, which is characterized by browning due to caramelization and Maillard reaction due to the high temperature and high pressure environment through the secondary grinder and the expander. Preventing and clearing fatty acids in flax seeds A method for producing reduced livestock feed. According to claim 9,
A method for producing a livestock feed for preventing rancidity of fatty acids and reducing liquidation in flax seeds, characterized in that adding a special additive for preventing rancidity together with the formulated raw feed into a secondary mixer and mixing. According to claim 11,
The mixed raw feed is collected in the final storage bin, and vacuum-packed to prevent further rancidity.

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