KR20230021429A - Water soluble polyamic acid, preparing method thereof, polyimide thin film and organic thin film transistor using the same - Google Patents
Water soluble polyamic acid, preparing method thereof, polyimide thin film and organic thin film transistor using the same Download PDFInfo
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- KR20230021429A KR20230021429A KR1020210103291A KR20210103291A KR20230021429A KR 20230021429 A KR20230021429 A KR 20230021429A KR 1020210103291 A KR1020210103291 A KR 1020210103291A KR 20210103291 A KR20210103291 A KR 20210103291A KR 20230021429 A KR20230021429 A KR 20230021429A
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- polyamic acid
- polyimide
- thin film
- present
- insulating film
- Prior art date
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- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006358 imidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- JYYNAJVZFGKDEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC(C)=C1 JYYNAJVZFGKDEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)N=C1 XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NURQLCJSMXZBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC=C1C NURQLCJSMXZBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylimidazole Chemical group CC1=NC=CN1C GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FBHPRUXJQNWTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 FBHPRUXJQNWTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1 AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOQVDXYAPXAFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCC1=CNC(CC)=N1 ZOQVDXYAPXAFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PQAMFDRRWURCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCC1=NC=CN1 PQAMFDRRWURCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CTSZPNIMMLSKDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-pyrroline Chemical compound CC1=NCCC1 CTSZPNIMMLSKDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QEFLNYXPYKZGEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-1-methylimidazole Chemical compound CCC1=CN(C)C=N1 QEFLNYXPYKZGEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JAWZAONCXMJLFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propylpyridine Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=NC=C1 JAWZAONCXMJLFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RIAHASMJDOMQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethyl-2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCC1=CN=C(C)N1 RIAHASMJDOMQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RWXZXCZBMQPOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2N=CNC2=C1 RWXZXCZBMQPOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5K8XI641G3 Chemical compound CCC1=NC=C(C)N1 ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-pyrrolidine Natural products CN1CC=CC1 AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 32
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 7
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- HWWYDZCSSYKIAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CN=CC(C)=C1 HWWYDZCSSYKIAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 4
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydrogen cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NVKGJHAQGWCWDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1C(F)(F)F NVKGJHAQGWCWDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101150096185 PAAS gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-dichlorophosphoryloxybenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1OP(Cl)(Cl)=O VLDPXPPHXDGHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFQDRJSFCWDIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-didecyl-[1]benzothiolo[3,2-b][1]benzothiole Chemical compound C12=CC=C(CCCCCCCCCC)C=C2SC2=C1SC1=CC(CCCCCCCCCC)=CC=C21 UFQDRJSFCWDIGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYIMZXITLDTULQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-amino-2-methylphenyl)-3-methylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1C QYIMZXITLDTULQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Aminophenyl ether Chemical group C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQVIHDPBMFABCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-carbonyl)-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC(C(C=2C=C3C(=O)OC(=O)C3=CC=2)=O)=C1 VQVIHDPBMFABCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQGYZOYWNCKGEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-yl)oxy]-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC(OC=2C=C3C(=O)OC(C3=CC=2)=O)=C1 QQGYZOYWNCKGEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHHKLPCQTTWFSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[2-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl]-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC(C(C=2C=C3C(=O)OC(=O)C3=CC=2)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)=C1 QHHKLPCQTTWFSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005392 carboxamide group Chemical group NC(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006160 pyromellitic dianhydride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
- C08G73/1021—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines characterised by the catalyst used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
- C08G73/1028—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines characterised by the process itself, e.g. steps, continuous
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
- C08G73/1028—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines characterised by the process itself, e.g. steps, continuous
- C08G73/1032—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines characterised by the process itself, e.g. steps, continuous characterised by the solvent(s) used
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
- H10K10/468—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs] characterised by the gate dielectrics
- H10K10/471—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs] characterised by the gate dielectrics the gate dielectric comprising only organic materials
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Liquid Deposition Of Substances Of Which Semiconductor Devices Are Composed (AREA)
- Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 수용성 폴리아믹산, 이의 제조방법, 이를 이용한 폴리이미드 절연막 및 유기박막트랜지스터에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 극성 양자성 용매에서 중합되는 수용성 폴리아믹산에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a water-soluble polyamic acid, a method for preparing the same, a polyimide insulating film using the same, and an organic thin-film transistor, and more particularly, to a water-soluble polyamic acid polymerized in a polar protic solvent.
방향족 폴리이미드(PI)는 우수한 열 안정성, 내화학성 및 기계적 특성으로 인해 마이크로 전자 부품, 멤브레인 및 복합재로 다양한 산업 분야에서 적용되어 왔다. 폴리이미드는 일반적으로 2단계 절차를 통해 제조된다. 폴리이미드의 전구체인 폴리아믹산(PAA)은 이무수물과 디아민 단량체 간의 중합에 의해 합성되고, 화학적 및/또는 열 이미드화 반응을 통해 생성된 폴리아믹산의 탈수소화에 의해 PI로 전환된다. 그러나 폴리이미드는 백본에 카르복실산 기를 포함하는 폴리아믹산 전구체가 가수분해 안정성이 낮아 쉽게 분해된다는 문제점이 있다. 또한, 대부분의 폴리아믹산 전구체는 N-메틸-2-피롤리돈(NMP), N,N-디메틸포름아미드, N,N-디메틸아세트아미드와 같은 극성 비양성자성 용매에서 제조되며, 이들은 인체에 유독하고 환경에 유해하다. 이러한 문제점들은 폴리이미드를 대기에서 직접 처리하고 친환경적인 제조가 필요한 실용적인 응용 분야로 확장하는 데 걸림돌이 되었다.Aromatic polyimide (PI) has been applied in various industrial fields as microelectronic components, membranes and composites due to its excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance and mechanical properties. Polyimide is generally manufactured through a two-step process. Polyamic acid (PAA), a precursor of polyimide, is synthesized by polymerization between dianhydride and diamine monomers, and converted to PI by dehydrogenation of the polyamic acid produced through chemical and/or thermal imidation. However, polyimide has a problem in that a polyamic acid precursor including a carboxylic acid group in the backbone is easily decomposed due to low hydrolytic stability. In addition, most polyamic acid precursors are prepared in polar aprotic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylformamide, and N,N-dimethylacetamide, which are Toxic and harmful to the environment. These problems have prevented the direct processing of polyimide from the atmosphere and its expansion into practical applications requiring environmentally friendly manufacturing.
한편, 유기박막트랜지스터를 비롯한 플렉서블 전자소자는 용액가공성 및 기계적 유연성으로 인해 폴리이미드 박막이 플렉서블 기판 및 게이트 유전층으로 사용되는 응용 분야 중 하나이다. 소자 성능을 향상시키기 위해서는 폴리이미드 게이트 유전체를 수십~수백 나노미터 두께의 박막으로 제작해야 하나, 폴리이미드의 낮은 가수분해 안정성은 소자 수율, 균일성, 재현성 및 공기 가공성 측면에서 상용화에 중요한 문제를 야기한다. 이에, 가수분해 안정성이 향상된 폴리이미드의 개발이 요구된다.On the other hand, flexible electronic devices including organic thin film transistors are one of the application fields in which polyimide thin films are used as flexible substrates and gate dielectric layers due to their solution processability and mechanical flexibility. In order to improve device performance, polyimide gate dielectrics should be made into thin films with a thickness of tens to hundreds of nanometers, but the low hydrolysis stability of polyimide causes important problems for commercialization in terms of device yield, uniformity, reproducibility, and air processability. do. Accordingly, the development of polyimide with improved hydrolytic stability is required.
본 발명의 목적은, 가수분해 안정성이 우수한 폴리이미드를 제공하는데 있다.An object of the present invention is to provide a polyimide excellent in hydrolytic stability.
본 발명의 다른 목적은, 저온에서 수행할 수 있는 폴리이미드의 제조방법을 제공하는데 있다.Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing polyimide that can be performed at a low temperature.
본 발명의 또 다른 목적은, 우수한 절연 특성 및 전기적 특성을 가지는 절연막, 게이트 유전체 및 유기박막트랜지스터를 제공하는데 있다. Another object of the present invention is to provide an insulating film, a gate dielectric and an organic thin film transistor having excellent insulating and electrical properties.
본 발명이 해결하고자 하는 과제는 이상에서 언급한 과제(들)로 제한되지 않으며, 언급되지 않은 또 다른 과제(들)는 이하의 기재로부터 당업자에게 명확하게 이해될 수 있을 것이다.The problem to be solved by the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned problem (s), and another problem (s) not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명은 이무수물(dianhydride) 단량체와 디아민(diamine) 단량체를 극성 양자성 용매에서 중합하는, 수용성 폴리아믹산의 제조방법을 제공한다. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing a water-soluble polyamic acid by polymerizing a dianhydride monomer and a diamine monomer in a polar protic solvent.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 수용성 폴리아믹산의 제조방법은 수계중합 촉매를 사용하는 것 일 수 있다. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method for producing the water-soluble polyamic acid may be to use a water-based polymerization catalyst.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 수계중합 촉매는 1,2-Dimethylimidazole, Imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 1-Methylimidazole, 2-Ethylimidazole, 4(5)-Methylimidazole, 2-Ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2,2′midazole), Benzimidazole, 1-Benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 2-Methyl-1-pyrroline, Pyrazole, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 2-methyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 1-methyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 1-methylpyrrolidine, 5-methylbenzimidazole, Isoquinoline, 3,5-dimethylpyridine, 3,4-dimethylpyridine, 2,5-dimethylpyridine, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 4-n-propylpyridine, 2-Ethyl-4-methy-1H-limidazole-1-propanenitrile 로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상인 것 일 수 있다. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the aqueous polymerization catalyst is 1,2-Dimethylimidazole, Imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 1-Methylimidazole, 2-Ethylimidazole, 4(5)-Methylimidazole, 2-Ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2 ,2′midazole), Benzimidazole, 1-Benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 2-Methyl-1-pyrroline, Pyrazole, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 2-methyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 1-methyl-4- ethyl imidazole, 1-methylpyrrolidine, 5-methylbenzimidazole, isoquinoline, 3,5-dimethylpyridine, 3,4-dimethylpyridine, 2,5-dimethylpyridine, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 4-n-propylpyridine, 2-Ethyl-4-methy It may be one or more selected from the group consisting of -1H-limidazole-1-propanenitrile.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 폴리아믹산은 염을 형성하는 것 일 수 있다.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the polyamic acid may form a salt.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 수용성 폴리아믹산의 제조방법은 극성 양자성 용매에 디아민(diamine) 단량체와 수계중합 촉매를 용해시킨 후, 이무수물(dianhydride) 단량체를 첨가하여 50 내지 100 ℃ 에서 2 내지 20 시간 반응시키는 것 일 수 있다. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method for producing the water-soluble polyamic acid is to dissolve a diamine monomer and a water-based polymerization catalyst in a polar protic solvent, and then add a dianhydride monomer at 50 to 100 ° C. It may be to react for 2 to 20 hours.
또한, 상기 목적을 해결하기 위하여, 본 발명은 상기의 방법으로 제조된 폴리아믹산 염을 제공한다.In addition, in order to solve the above object, the present invention provides a polyamic acid salt prepared by the above method.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 폴리아믹산 염은 폴리아믹산 보다 가수분해 안정성이 향상된 것 일 수 있다. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the polyamic acid salt may have improved hydrolysis stability than polyamic acid.
또한, 상기 목적을 해결하기 위하여, 본 발명은 상기 폴리아믹산 염을 열처리하여 이미드화 하는, 폴리이미드의 제조방법을 제공한다.In addition, in order to solve the above object, the present invention provides a method for producing a polyimide, which imidizes the polyamic acid salt by heat treatment.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 폴리아믹산 염은 1 내지 20 중량% 의 폴리아믹산 염을 포함한 수용액인 것 일 수 있다. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the polyamic acid salt may be an aqueous solution containing 1 to 20% by weight of the polyamic acid salt.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 폴리이미드의 제조방법은 150 내지 250℃ 에서 열처리하여, 90 내지 100% 의 이미드화 전환율을 나타내는 것 일 수 있다. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method for producing the polyimide may be heat treatment at 150 to 250° C. to show an imidization conversion rate of 90 to 100%.
또한, 상기 목적을 해결하기 위하여, 본 발명은 상기 방법으로 제조된 폴리이미드를 포함하는, 폴리이미드 절연막을 제공한다.In addition, in order to solve the above object, the present invention provides a polyimide insulating film comprising the polyimide manufactured by the above method.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 폴리이미드 절연막은 공기 중에서 가수분해 되지 않는 것 일 수 있다.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the polyimide insulating film may not be hydrolyzed in air.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 폴리이미드 절연막은 표면에 핀홀이 발생하지 않는 것 일 수 있다. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the polyimide insulating film may not have pinholes on the surface.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 상기 폴리이미드 절연막은 극성 비양자성 용매에서 제조된 폴리이미드 절연막 보다 누설전류가 낮은 것 일 수 있다. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the polyimide insulating film may have a lower leakage current than a polyimide insulating film made of a polar aprotic solvent.
또한, 상기 목적을 해결하기 위하여, 본 발명은 상기 폴리이미드 절연막을 포함하는, 유기박막트랜지스터를 제공한다.In addition, in order to solve the above object, the present invention provides an organic thin film transistor including the polyimide insulating film.
본 발명에 따른 수계 중합된 폴리아믹산 염은 종래의 극성 비양자성 용매에서 제조된 폴리아믹산에 비해 가수분해 안정성이 향상되는 효과가 있다. The water-based polymerized polyamic acid salt according to the present invention has an effect of improving hydrolysis stability compared to polyamic acid prepared in a conventional polar aprotic solvent.
본 발명에 따른 폴리이미드의 제조방법은 저온에서 수행될 수 있는 효과가 있다.The method for producing polyimide according to the present invention has the effect of being able to be performed at a low temperature.
본 발명에 따른 폴리아믹산 및 폴리이미드의 제조방법은 유해한 극성 비양성자성 용매를 사용하지 않으므로, 친환경적인 효과가 있다.Since the method for producing polyamic acid and polyimide according to the present invention does not use harmful polar aprotic solvents, it has an environmentally friendly effect.
본 발명에 따른 폴리이미드는 쉽게 가수분해되지 않고, 표면에 핀홀이 발생하지 않으므로 균일하고 매끄러운 효과가 있다. Since the polyimide according to the present invention is not easily hydrolyzed and pinholes are not generated on the surface, it has a uniform and smooth effect.
본 발명에 따른 폴리이미드 절연막은 안정적인 표면 특성과 우수한 전기적 성능을 가지고, 특히 낮은 누설전류로 인하여 우수한 절연 특성(벌크 유전 특성)을 나타내는 효과가 있다. The polyimide insulating film according to the present invention has stable surface characteristics and excellent electrical performance, and in particular, has an effect of exhibiting excellent insulation characteristics (bulk dielectric characteristics) due to low leakage current.
본 발명에 따른 폴리이미드 절연막을 게이트 유전체로 포함하는 유기박막트랜지스터는 우수한 수율 및 전기적 특성을 나타내는 효과가 있다. The organic thin film transistor including the polyimide insulating film according to the present invention as a gate dielectric has an effect of exhibiting excellent yield and electrical characteristics.
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 폴리이미드 제조방법의 공정순서도이다.
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예의 용매의 차이에 따른 폴리이미드 제조방법의 모식도이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 O-PAA 및 W-PAAS의 온도에 따른 이미드화 변환율을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 4는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 O-PAA 및 W-PAAS의 열중량분석(TGA) 결과를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 5는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 O-PI 및 W-PI의 열중량분석(TGA) 결과를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 6는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따라 습한(humid) 공기 및 비활성(inert) 공기에 노출된 O-PAA 및 W-PAAS로부터 제조된 O-PI 및 W-PI의 노출 시간에 따른 초기 박막 두께에 대해 정규화된 박막 두께의 변화를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 7은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따라 (b) 비활성(inert) 공기에서 제조된 O-PI, (c) 주변(ambient) 공기에서 제조된 O-PI, (d) 습한(humid) 공기에서 제조된 O-PI, (e) 비활성(inert) 공기에서 제조된 W-PI, (f) 주변(ambient) 공기에서 제조된 W-PI, (g) 습한(humid) 공기에서 제조된 W-PI 의 광학이미지이다. 스케일 바는 200 μm를 나타낸다.
도 8은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 O-PI 및 W-PI의 유전 상수 및 유전 손실을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 9는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 O-PI 및 W-PI를 게이트 유전체로 포함한 MIM 커패시터의 누설전류를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 10a는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따라 주변(ambient) 공기에서 제조된 O-PI의 2D GIXD 패턴이고, 도 10b는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따라 주변(ambient) 공기에서 제조된 W-PI의 2D GIXD 패턴이다.
도 11a는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 O-PI 및 W-PI의 면내(in-plane) 프로파일이고, 도 11b는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 O-PI 및 W-PI의 면외(out-of-plane) 프로파일이다.
도 12a는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 O-PI의 결정 구조를 나타낸 것이고, 및 도 12b는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 W-PI의 결정 구조를 나타낸 것이다.
도 13은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 O-PI 또는 W-PI를 포함한 C10-BTBT 기반의 유기 전계효과 트랜지스터(organic field-effect transistor, OFET)의 도식을 나타낸 것이다.
도 14는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 O-PI 또는 W-PI의 I DS와 I DS 0.5를 나타낸 것이다.
도 15는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 O-PI 또는 W-PI의 I GS 를 나타낸 것이다. 1 is a process flow chart of a method for manufacturing polyimide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a schematic diagram of a polyimide manufacturing method according to a difference in solvent in an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a graph showing the imidation conversion rate according to the temperature of O-PAA and W-PAAS according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a graph showing the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of O-PAA and W-PAAS according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a graph showing the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of O-PI and W-PI according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is an initial thin film thickness according to exposure time of O-PI and W-PI prepared from O-PAA and W-PAAS exposed to humid air and inert air according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph showing the change in the normalized thin film thickness for
7 shows O-PI prepared in (b) inert air, (c) O-PI prepared in ambient air, and (d) humid air according to an embodiment of the present invention. O-PI prepared, (e) W-PI prepared in inert air, (f) W-PI prepared in ambient air, (g) W-PI prepared in humid air is an optical image of Scale bar represents 200 μm.
8 is a graph showing the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of O-PI and W-PI according to an embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a graph showing leakage current of a MIM capacitor including O-PI and W-PI as gate dielectrics according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10A is a 2D GIXD pattern of O-PI prepared in ambient air according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10B is a W-PI prepared in ambient air according to an embodiment of the present invention. is a 2D GIXD pattern of
11A is an in-plane profile of O-PI and W-PI according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 11B is an out-of-plane profile of O-PI and W-PI according to an embodiment of the present invention. -of-plane) profile.
12A shows the crystal structure of O-PI according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 12B shows the crystal structure of W-PI according to an embodiment of the present invention.
13 is a schematic diagram of an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) based on C 10 -BTBT including O-PI or W-PI according to an embodiment of the present invention.
14 shows I DS and I DS 0.5 of O-PI or W-PI according to an embodiment of the present invention.
15 illustrates I GS of O-PI or W-PI according to an embodiment of the present invention.
하기의 설명에서는 본 발명의 실시예를 이해하는데 필요한 부분만이 설명되며, 그 이외 부분의 설명은 본 발명의 요지를 흩트리지 않는 범위에서 생략될 것이라는 것을 유의하여야 한다.It should be noted that in the following description, only parts necessary for understanding the embodiments of the present invention are described, and descriptions of other parts will be omitted without disturbing the gist of the present invention.
이하에서 설명되는 본 명세서 및 청구범위에 사용된 용어나 단어는 통상적이거나 사전적인 의미로 한정해서 해석되어서는 아니 되며, 발명자는 그 자신의 발명을 가장 최선의 방법으로 설명하기 위해 용어의 개념으로 적절하게 정의할 수 있다는 원칙에 입각하여 본 발명의 기술적 사상에 부합하는 의미와 개념으로 해석되어야만 한다. 따라서 본 명세서에 기재된 실시예와 도면에 도시된 구성은 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 불과할 뿐이고, 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 모두 대변하는 것은 아니므로, 본 출원시점에 있어서 이들을 대체할 수 있는 다양한 균등물과 변형예들이 있을 수 있음을 이해하여야 한다.The terms or words used in this specification and claims described below should not be construed as being limited to ordinary or dictionary meanings, and the inventors have appropriately used the concept of terms to describe their inventions in the best way. It should be interpreted as a meaning and concept consistent with the technical spirit of the present invention based on the principle that it can be defined in the following way. Therefore, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not represent all of the technical spirit of the present invention, so various equivalents that can replace them at the time of the present application. It should be understood that there may be variations and variations.
이하, 본 발명을 자세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
수용성 폴리아믹산 및 폴리이미드의 제조방법Manufacturing method of water-soluble polyamic acid and polyimide
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 수용성 폴리아믹산 및 폴리이미드 제조방법의 공정순서도이다. 도 1 및 도 2를 참조하면, 폴리아믹산은 폴리이미드의 전구체로서, S10과 S20은 폴리아믹산을 중합하는 공정을 나타내고, S30은 폴리아믹산을 이미드화 하여 폴리이미드를 제조하는 공정이다. 이하, 도 1을 참조하여 상세히 설명한다.1 is a process flow chart of a method for producing water-soluble polyamic acid and polyimide according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 , polyamic acid is a precursor of polyimide, and S10 and S20 represent processes of polymerizing polyamic acid, and S30 represents a process of imidizing polyamic acid to produce polyimide. Hereinafter, it will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 1 .
먼저, 극성 양자성 용매에 디아민 단량체와 수계중합 촉매를 용해한다(S10).First, a diamine monomer and an aqueous polymerization catalyst are dissolved in a polar protic solvent (S10).
극성 양자성 용매에 디아민 단량체와 수계중합 촉매를 첨가한 후 상온에서 충분히 용해시킨다.After adding a diamine monomer and an aqueous polymerization catalyst to a polar protic solvent, they are sufficiently dissolved at room temperature.
상기 극성 양자성 용매(polar protic solvent)는 극성 용매 중에 수소 양이온을 제공할 수 있는 용매로서, 물이나 알코올 등이 이에 속한다. 종래기술에서 폴리아믹산은 극성 비양자성 용매(polar aprotic solvent) 하에서 디아민 단량체와 이무수물 단량체를 1:1로 축합반응을 통해 중합하였고, 극성 비양자성 용매로는 NMP(N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone), DMF(Dimethylformamide), DMAc(Dimethylacetamide) 등을 사용하였다. 본 발명은 극성 비양자성 용매를 사용하지 않고, 극성 양자성 용매를 사용하는 것을 기술적 특징으로 한다. 상기 극성 양자성 용매로는 물(H2O)을 사용하는 것이 바람직하며, 특히 탈이온수(deionized water)를 사용하는 것이 더욱 바람직하다.The polar protic solvent is a solvent capable of providing hydrogen cations in a polar solvent, and includes water, alcohol, and the like. In the prior art, polyamic acid was polymerized through a condensation reaction of a diamine monomer and a dianhydride monomer in a ratio of 1:1 in a polar aprotic solvent, and NMP (N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone) was used as the polar aprotic solvent. , DMF (Dimethylformamide), DMAc (Dimethylacetamide), etc. were used. The technical feature of the present invention is that a polar aprotic solvent is used instead of a polar aprotic solvent. As the polar protic solvent, water (H 2 O) is preferably used, and deionized water is more preferably used.
상기 디아민(diamine) 단량체는 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA), m-tolidine (mTB), p-phenylenediamine (pPDA), m-phenylenediamine (mPDA), 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TFMB) 또는 이들의 혼합물 일 수 있으나, 이에 제한되지는 않는다.The diamine monomer is 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA), m-tolidine (mTB), p-phenylenediamine (pPDA), m-phenylenediamine (mPDA), 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) -[1 ,1'-biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine (TFMB) or a mixture thereof, but is not limited thereto.
상기 수계중합 촉매는 이미다졸계 촉매를 사용하는 것이 바람직하며, 구체적으로는 1,2-Dimethylimidazole, Imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 1-Methylimidazole, 2-Ethylimidazole, 4(5)-Methylimidazole, 2-Ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2,2′midazole), Benzimidazole, 1-Benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 2-Methyl-1-pyrroline, Pyrazole, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 2-methyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 1-methyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 1-methylpyrrolidine, 5-methylbenzimidazole, Isoquinoline, 3,5-dimethylpyridine, 3,4-dimethylpyridine, 2,5-dimethylpyridine, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 4-n-propylpyridine, 2-Ethyl-4-methy-1H-limidazole-1-propanenitrile 로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상인 것 일 수 있다. It is preferable to use an imidazole-based catalyst as the aqueous polymerization catalyst. Specifically, 1,2-Dimethylimidazole, Imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 1-Methylimidazole, 2-Ethylimidazole, 4(5)-Methylimidazole, 2-Ethyl- 4-methylimidazole, 2,2′midazole), Benzimidazole, 1-Benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 2-Methyl-1-pyrroline, Pyrazole, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 2-methyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 1 -methyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 1-methylpyrrolidine, 5-methylbenzimidazole, isoquinoline, 3,5-dimethylpyridine, 3,4-dimethylpyridine, 2,5-dimethylpyridine, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 4-n-propylpyridine, 2- It may be one or more selected from the group consisting of ethyl-4-methy-1H-limidazole-1-propanenitrile.
다음으로, S10에서 제조된 용액에 이무수물 단량체를 반응시켜 폴리아믹산을 합성한다(S20).Next, polyamic acid is synthesized by reacting the dianhydride monomer with the solution prepared in S10 (S20).
S10에서 제조된 용액에 이무수물(dianhydride) 단량체를 첨가하여 50 내지 100 ℃ 에서 2 내지 20 시간 반응시키는 것이 바람직하다. 반응시간이 2시간 보다 짧으면 분자량이 작은 문제점이 있고, 반응시간이 20시간을 넘을 경우 높은 분자량으로 인해 용해도가 감소하고 필연적인 수소결합 때문에 겔화(gelation)되는 문제점이 있을 수 있다. It is preferable to react at 50 to 100 ° C. for 2 to 20 hours by adding a dianhydride monomer to the solution prepared in S10. If the reaction time is shorter than 2 hours, there is a problem of small molecular weight, and if the reaction time exceeds 20 hours, there may be a problem of reduced solubility due to high molecular weight and gelation due to inevitable hydrogen bonding.
상기 이무수물(dianhydride) 단량체는 pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), biphenyl dianhydride (BPDA), 3,3',4,4'-Benzophenonetetracarboxylic Dianhydride (BTDA), 4,4′-oxidiphthalic anhydride (ODPA), 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) 또는 이들의 혼합물일 수 있으나, 이에 제한되지는 않는다.The dianhydride monomer is pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), biphenyl dianhydride (BPDA), 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), 4,4'-oxidiphthalic anhydride (ODPA), 4,4 '-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) or a mixture thereof, but is not limited thereto.
본 단계에서 제조된 폴리아믹산은 염을 형성할 수 있다. 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 도 2에 의하면, 탈 이온수에서 DMIZ 촉매 하에서 BPDA와 pPDA를 중합하여 폴리아믹산 암모늄 염(W-PAAS)을 형성하였다. 이러한 염 형성이 폴리아믹산의 가수분해 안정성와 용해도를 향상시킨다. 도 6 및 도 7을 참조하면, 수계 중합으로 제조된 폴리아믹산 염(W-PAAS)은 종래의 극성 비양자성 용매에서 제조된 폴리아믹산(O-PAA)에 비해 가수분해 안정성이 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있다. The polyamic acid prepared in this step may form a salt. According to FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention, BPDA and pPDA were polymerized in deionized water under a DMIZ catalyst to form ammonium polyamic acid salt (W-PAAS). This salt formation improves the hydrolytic stability and solubility of polyamic acid. 6 and 7, it can be confirmed that the polyamic acid salt (W-PAAS) prepared by water-based polymerization has improved hydrolytic stability compared to the polyamic acid (O-PAA) prepared in a conventional polar aprotic solvent. .
마지막으로, S20에서 제조된 폴리아믹산에 열처리를 통해 이미드화 하여 폴리이미드를 합성한다(S30).Finally, polyimide is synthesized by imidizing the polyamic acid prepared in S20 through heat treatment (S30).
상기 열처리는 150 내지 250℃ 에서 수행되어 90 내지 100% 의 이미드화 전환율을 나타낼 수 있다. 도 3은 열처리 온도에 따른 이미드화 전환율을 나타낸 것으로, 150℃에서 열처리가 수행되는 경우 90% 이상의 높은 이미드화를 나타내었고, 250℃에서 열처리가 수행되는 경우 100%의 이미드화를 나타내었다.The heat treatment may be performed at 150 to 250° C. to exhibit an imidization conversion rate of 90 to 100%. Figure 3 shows the imidation conversion rate according to the heat treatment temperature, when the heat treatment was performed at 150 ° C., high imidization of 90% or more was exhibited, and when the heat treatment was performed at 250 ° C., imidation of 100% was shown.
상기 폴리아믹산은 1 내지 20 중량% 의 폴리아믹산 염을 포함한 수용액인 것 일 수 있다. 1 중량% 미만인 경우에는 분자량이 증가하지 않는 문제점이 있고, 20 중량% 초과인 경우에는 높은 분자량과 수소결합으로 인해 겔화(gelation) 되는 문제가 발생할 수 있다.The polyamic acid may be an aqueous solution containing 1 to 20% by weight of a polyamic acid salt. If it is less than 1% by weight, there is a problem that the molecular weight does not increase, and if it is more than 20% by weight, a problem of gelation due to high molecular weight and hydrogen bonding may occur.
폴리아믹산 염polyamic acid salt
본 발명은 전술한 방법으로 제조된 폴리아믹산 염을 제공한다. The present invention provides a polyamic acid salt prepared by the above method.
도 2를 참조하면, 상기의 방법으로 수계 중합한 폴리아믹산의 카르복실기에 암모늄 염이 형성된다. 종래 극성 비양자성 용매에서 중합된 폴리아믹산의 카르복실기가 공기 중의 수분과 반응하여 가수분해 되는 단점이 있었으나, 본 발명의 폴리아믹산 염은 카르복실기를 중화하여 흡수된 물에 의한 가수분해를 방지한다. 이러한 가수분해 안정성 향상으로 인하여 폴리이미드 표면에 핀홀 발생 등 결함이 방지되고, 따라서 상기 폴리아믹산 염으로 제조된 폴리이미드 절연막 및 유기박막트랜지스터는 우수한 절연 특성 및 전기적 특성을 가지게 된다. Referring to FIG. 2, an ammonium salt is formed in the carboxyl group of the polyamic acid subjected to water-based polymerization by the above method. Conventionally, there was a disadvantage in that the carboxyl group of a polyamic acid polymerized in a polar aprotic solvent reacts with moisture in the air and is hydrolyzed, but the polyamic acid salt of the present invention neutralizes the carboxyl group to prevent hydrolysis by absorbed water. Due to the improvement in hydrolytic stability, defects such as pinholes are prevented on the surface of polyimide, and therefore, the polyimide insulating film and the organic thin film transistor made of the polyamic acid salt have excellent insulating and electrical properties.
폴리이미드 절연막polyimide insulation film
본 발명은 전술한 방법으로 제조된 폴리이미드와 이를 포함하는 폴리이미드 절연막을 제공한다. The present invention provides a polyimide manufactured by the above method and a polyimide insulating film including the polyimide.
본 발명의 폴리이미드 절연막은 전술한 방법으로 제조된 폴리아믹산 염을 포함한 수용액을 기판에 스핀 코팅한 후 열처리 하여 제조된 것 일 수 있다.The polyimide insulating film of the present invention may be prepared by spin-coating the aqueous solution containing the polyamic acid salt prepared by the above-described method on a substrate and then heat-treating it.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 수계 중합된 폴리아믹산 염 1 내지 20 중량%를 포함한 수용액을 기판에 50 내지 400 nm 두께로 스핀 코팅하는 것이 바람직하다.According to one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to spin-coat an aqueous solution containing 1 to 20% by weight of a water-based polymerized polyamic acid salt on a substrate to a thickness of 50 to 400 nm.
상기 폴리이미드 절연막은 공기 중에서 가수분해 되지 않을 수 있다. The polyimide insulating film may not be hydrolyzed in air.
도 6을 참조하면, 습한(humid) 공기와 불활성(inert) 공기 조건에서 제조된 폴리이미드 절연막의 최종 필름 두께를 조사한 것으로, 종래의 극성 비양자성 용매에서 제조된 폴리이미드(O-PI)는 공기의 습도와 노출 시간이 증가함에 따라 두께가 급격히 감소하였으나, 수계 중합으로 제조된 폴리이미드(W-PI)는 공기의 습도와 노출 시간에 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 수계 중합으로 제조된 폴리이미드(W-PI)는 극성 비양자성 용매에서 제조된 폴리이미드(O-PI)에 비해 가수분해 안정성이 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있다. Referring to FIG. 6, the final film thickness of the polyimide insulating film prepared under humid air and inert air conditions was investigated, and polyimide (O-PI) prepared in a conventional polar aprotic solvent was air The thickness decreased rapidly as the humidity and exposure time increased, but the polyimide (W-PI) prepared by water-based polymerization was not affected by the air humidity and exposure time. Therefore, it can be seen that the hydrolytic stability of the polyimide (W-PI) prepared by water-based polymerization is improved compared to the polyimide (O-PI) prepared in a polar aprotic solvent.
상기 폴리이미드 절연막은 표면에 핀홀이 발생하지 않을 수 있다. A pinhole may not be formed on a surface of the polyimide insulating film.
도 7을 참조하면, 다양한 상대 습도 조건에서 제조된 폴리이미드 절연막 표면에 관한 것으로, 습한 공기 중에서 제조된 O-PI는 표면에 핀홀(pinhole)과 같은 많은 결함이 발견되었으나, W-PI는 제조된 공기의 습도 조건과는 상관없이 균일하고 매끄러운 표면을 나타내었다. Referring to FIG. 7, it relates to the surface of a polyimide insulating film prepared under various relative humidity conditions. Many defects such as pinholes were found on the surface of O-PI prepared in humid air, but W-PI was manufactured It showed a uniform and smooth surface regardless of the humidity conditions of the air.
상기 폴리이미드 절연막은 극성 비양자성 용매에서 제조된 폴리이미드 절연막 보다 누설전류가 낮을 수 있다.The polyimide insulating film may have a lower leakage current than a polyimide insulating film made of a polar aprotic solvent.
도 9를 참조하면, 주변(ambient) 공기 중에서 제조된 PI 박막의 경우, W-PI 절연막의 누설전류가 O-PI 절연막 보다 한 차수 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있다. O-PAA의 낮은 가수분해 안정성이 열처리 과정에서 발생하는 핀홀과 같은 결함 형성으로 인해 벌크 유전 특성에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 9 , in the case of a PI thin film manufactured in ambient air, it can be seen that the leakage current of the W-PI insulating film is one order of magnitude lower than that of the O-PI insulating film. It can be seen that the low hydrolytic stability of O-PAA affects the bulk dielectric properties due to the formation of defects such as pinholes generated during the heat treatment process.
유기박막트랜지스터organic thin film transistor
본 발명은 전술한 폴리이미드 절연막을 포함하는 유기박막트랜지스터를 제공한다. The present invention provides an organic thin film transistor including the polyimide insulating film described above.
본 발명에 따른 유기박막트랜지스터는 우수한 가수분해 안정성으로 인하여 제조 시 공기의 습도 조건과 관계없이 250℃ 이하의 저온에서 100%의 수율을 나타낼 수 있다. The organic thin film transistor according to the present invention can exhibit a yield of 100% at a low temperature of 250 ° C or less regardless of air humidity conditions during manufacture due to excellent hydrolysis stability.
본 발명에 따른 유기박막트랜지스터는 우수한 전기적 특성을 나타낸다.The organic thin film transistor according to the present invention exhibits excellent electrical characteristics.
도 14를 참조하면, W-PI 게이트 유전체를 포함하는 OFET의 드레인-소스 전류(I DS)는 O-PI 게이트 유전체를 포함한 OFET 보다 2배 더 높은 것으로 나타낸다. 또한, 도 15를 참조하면, W-PI 게이트 유전체를 포함하는 OFET는 비교적 낮고 균일한 게이트-소스 전류(I GS)를 나타낸다.Referring to FIG. 14, the drain-to-source current ( I DS ) of an OFET comprising a W-PI gate dielectric is shown to be twice as high as that of an OFET comprising an O-PI gate dielectric. Also referring to FIG. 15 , an OFET comprising a W-PI gate dielectric exhibits a relatively low and uniform gate-to-source current ( I GS ).
실시예Example
이하, 본 발명을 구체적으로 설명하기 위해 실시예를 들어 상세하게 설명하기로 한다. 그러나, 본 발명에 따른 실시예는 여러 가지 다른 형태로 변형될 수 있으며, 본 발명의 범위가 아래에서 상술하는 실시예에 한정되는 것으로 해석되어서는 안 된다. 본 발명의 실시예는 당업계에서 평균적인 지식을 가진 자에게 본 발명을 보다 완전하게 설명하기 위해서 제공되는 것이다.Hereinafter, examples will be described in detail to explain the present invention in detail. However, the embodiments according to the present invention can be modified in many different forms, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described below. The embodiments of the present invention are provided to more completely explain the present invention to those skilled in the art.
본 명세서 및 이하 실시예에서 PAA(poly amic acid)는 폴리아믹산, PAAS(salt of PAA)는 폴리아믹산 염을 의미하고, W-PAAS는 수용매에서 중합된 폴리아믹산 염, O-PAA는 유기용매에서 중합된 폴리아믹산을 의미한다. 또한 W-PI는 W-PAAS로부터 제조된 폴리이미드, O-PI는 O-PAA로부터 제조된 폴리이미드를 의미한다.In this specification and the following examples, PAA (poly amic acid) means polyamic acid, PAAS (salt of PAA) means polyamic acid salt, W-PAAS is polyamic acid salt polymerized in an aqueous solvent, and O-PAA is an organic solvent. It means a polyamic acid polymerized in Also, W-PI means a polyimide made from W-PAAS, and O-PI means a polyimide made from O-PAA.
<재료><Material>
이하 제조예, 실시예 및 실험예에 사용되는 재료로는, BPDA 및 pPDA는 중국 Sunlight Chem. 에서 구입하여 각각 250℃및 80℃에서 밤새 진공 건조 후 사용하였다. NMP(99%, 무수) 및 DMIZ(97%)는 Junsei에서 구입하여 받은 그대로 사용하였다. C10-BTBT 및 펜타센은 Sigma-Aldrich에서 구입하여 추가 정제 없이 사용하였다.As materials used in the preparation examples, examples, and experimental examples below, BPDA and pPDA are manufactured by Sunlight Chem. were purchased and used after vacuum drying overnight at 250 °C and 80 °C, respectively. NMP (99%, anhydrous) and DMIZ (97%) were purchased from Junsei and used as received. C 10 -BTBT and pentacene were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification.
<분석방법><Analysis method>
FTIR 스펙트럼은 600-4000 cm-1 범위에서 FTIR 분광기(ALPHA-P 분광광도계, Bruker)를 사용하여 기록되었다. TGA는 질량분석기(Thermo plus EVO II TG8120, Rigaku)를 사용하여 질소 분위기 하에서 25℃에서 800℃까지 10℃ min-1의 가열속도로 수행하였다. 2D GIXD 실험은 국내 포항 가속기 연구소의 PLS-II 6D 빔라인(λ = 1.072 Å)에서 수행되었다. 광학 이미지는 광학 현미경(Olympus BX51, Nikon)과 3차원 레이저 스캐닝 공초점 현미경(VK-X, Keyence)을 사용하여 기록되었다. 알파 단계 표면 프로파일러(KLA-Tencor)를 사용하여 박막 두께를 측정하였다. 전기적 특성은 반도체 파라미터 분석기(E5270B, Agilent)로 분석하였다. 모든 전기 측정은 어두운 상자 내부의 대기에서 수행되었다.FTIR spectra were recorded using an FTIR spectrometer (ALPHA-P spectrophotometer, Bruker) in the range 600-4000 cm −1 . TGA was performed at a heating rate of 10 °C min -1 from 25 °C to 800 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere using a mass spectrometer (Thermo plus EVO II TG8120, Rigaku). The 2D GIXD experiment was performed at the PLS-II 6D beamline (λ = 1.072 Å) of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory in Korea. Optical images were recorded using an optical microscope (Olympus BX51, Nikon) and a three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscope (VK-X, Keyence). Thin film thickness was measured using an alpha step surface profiler (KLA-Tencor). Electrical characteristics were analyzed with a semiconductor parameter analyzer (E5270B, Agilent). All electrical measurements were performed in ambient air inside a dark box.
<제조예 1-1> W-PAAS의 제조<Preparation Example 1-1> Preparation of W-PAAS
질소 분위기 하에서 25℃에서 탈이온수(DI water)에 DMIZ(7.5mmol)와 pPDA(3mmol)를 첨가하고 1시간 동안 교반하였다. 혼합물이 완전히 용해된 후, 70℃에서 용액에 3mmol의 BPDA 단량체를 첨가하고 70℃에서 18시간 동안 추가로 반응시켜 고형분 10wt% 의 W-PAAS를 제조하였다.DMIZ (7.5mmol) and pPDA (3mmol) were added to deionized water (DI water) at 25° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 1 hour. After the mixture was completely dissolved, 3 mmol of BPDA monomer was added to the solution at 70 °C and further reacted at 70 °C for 18 hours to prepare W-PAAS having a solid content of 10 wt%.
<제조예 1-2> O-PAA의 제조<Preparation Example 1-2> Preparation of O-PAA
NMP에 3mmol의 BPDA와 3mmol의 pPDA 단량체를 고형분이 10 wt%가 되도록 첨가하고 0℃에서 2시간 동안 반응시켜 O-PAA를 제조하였다. O-PAA를 NMP(99%), g-부티로락톤(GBL, 99%) 및 2-부톡시에탄올 2-BE(99%)을 각각 44%, 40% 및 16%의 부피비로 하는 혼합물에 3.0중량%로 용해시켰다. O-PAA was prepared by adding 3 mmol of BPDA and 3 mmol of pPDA monomer to NMP to a solid content of 10 wt% and reacting at 0 ° C. for 2 hours. O-PAA was added to a mixture of NMP (99%), g-butyrolactone (GBL, 99%) and 2-butoxyethanol 2-BE (99%) in volume ratios of 44%, 40% and 16%, respectively. dissolved at 3.0% by weight.
<제조예 2> PI 박막의 제조<Production Example 2> Production of PI thin film
(1) 제조예 1-1의 W-PAAS를 탈이온수에 3.0wt%로 용해시켰다. 불활성 공기(inert air), 주변 공기(ambient air) 또는 습한 공기(humid air)에서 깨끗한 Si 웨이퍼에 스핀 코팅하여 필름을 형성하고 열처리하여 이미드화 하여 PI 박막(W-PI)을 제조하였다. 불활성 공기는 글로브 박스 내에서 상대 습도 <1%로, 주변 공기는 실험실에서 상대 습도 20±10%로, 습한 공기는 가습기를 사용하여 상대 습도 60±10%를 유지하였다. PI 필름의 두께는 대기 조건 및 용매 유형에 관계없이 200~300nm 범위로 제조하였다.(1) W-PAAS of Production Example 1-1 was dissolved in deionized water at 3.0 wt%. A PI thin film (W-PI) was prepared by spin-coating a clean Si wafer in inert air, ambient air, or humid air to form a film and heat-treating to imidize it. Inert air was maintained at <1% relative humidity in the glove box, ambient air at 20±10% relative humidity in the laboratory, and moist air at 60±10% relative humidity using a humidifier. The thickness of the PI film was prepared in the range of 200 to 300 nm regardless of atmospheric conditions and solvent types.
(2) 상기 (1)과 동일한 방법으로 제조예 1-2의 O-PPA으로부터 PI 박막(O-PI)을 제조하였다.(2) A PI thin film (O-PI) was prepared from the O-PPA of Preparation Example 1-2 in the same manner as in (1) above.
<제조예 3> MIM (metal-insulator-metal) capacitors 의 제조<Production Example 3> Manufacturing of MIM (metal-insulator-metal) capacitors
30 nm 두께의 알루미늄(Al)을 바텀(bottom) 게이트 전극 형성을 위해 유리 기판 위에 섀도우 마스크를 통해 열 증발시켰다. W-PAAS 또는 O-PAA 용액을 사용하여 250nm의 PI 게이트 절연체를 준비하였다(도 13). Aluminum (Al) with a thickness of 30 nm was thermally evaporated through a shadow mask on a glass substrate to form a bottom gate electrode. A 250 nm PI gate insulator was prepared using W-PAAS or O-PAA solution (FIG. 13).
(1) 제조예 1-1의 W-PAAS를 탈이온수에 3.4 중량%로 용해시킨 후 폴리테트라플루오로에틸렌(polytetrafluoroethylene) 및 나일론 필터를 통해 여과시켰다. W-PAAS를 스핀코팅에 의해 증착한 후 이미드화 반응을 위한 열처리(thermal annealing)를 수행하였다. W-PAAS 박막은 60, 100, 200, 250℃에서 열처리되었다. (1) W-PAAS of Preparation Example 1-1 was dissolved in deionized water at 3.4% by weight, and then filtered through polytetrafluoroethylene and a nylon filter. After depositing W-PAAS by spin coating, thermal annealing for an imidation reaction was performed. The W-PAAS thin film was annealed at 60, 100, 200, and 250 °C.
40 nm 두께의 C10-BTBT 또는 펜타센(pentacene)의 OSC 박막이 PI 게이트 유전체 위에 열 증착되었다. 펜타센 증착을 위해 기판을 80℃로 가열하였다. 마지막으로 50nm 두께의 금(Au)을 섀도우 마스크를 통해 열증착하여 채널 길이 100μm, 채널 너비 1500μm 의 접촉 전극을 형성하였다. 모든 열 증발 공정은 고진공(< 3 x 10-6 torr)에서 0.3 Å s-1의 증발 속도로 수행되었다. MIM 커패시터는 1mm x 1mm 크기의 평행한 두 Al 전극 사이에 PI 박막을 위치시켜 제작되었다.A 40 nm thick OSC thin film of C 10 -BTBT or pentacene was thermally deposited on the PI gate dielectric. The substrate was heated to 80° C. for pentacene deposition. Finally, 50 nm thick gold (Au) was thermally deposited through a shadow mask to form a contact electrode with a channel length of 100 μm and a channel width of 1500 μm. All thermal evaporation processes were performed in high vacuum (< 3 x 10 -6 torr) at an evaporation rate of 0.3 Å s -1 . The MIM capacitor was fabricated by placing a PI thin film between two parallel Al electrodes measuring 1 mm x 1 mm.
(2) 제조예 1-2의 O-PAA를 NMP(99%), g-부티로락톤(GBL, 99%) 및 2-부톡시에탄올 2-BE(99%)을 각각 44%, 40% 및 16%의 부피비로 하는 혼합물에 2.5 중량%로 용해시킨 것과, 이미드화 반응을 위해 O-PAA 박막을 80, 200, 300, 350℃에서 열처리한 것을 제외하고는 상기 (1)과 동일하게 수행되었다.(2) NMP (99%), g-butyrolactone (GBL, 99%) and 2-butoxyethanol 2-BE (99%) of O-PAA of Preparation Example 1-2 were mixed with 44% and 40%, respectively. and 2.5% by weight in a mixture having a volume ratio of 16% and performing the same as in (1) above, except that the O-PAA thin film was heat-treated at 80, 200, 300, and 350 ° C for the imidation reaction. It became.
<실시예 1> 열처리 온도에 따른 이미드화 <Example 1> Imidization according to heat treatment temperature
FTIR 스펙트럼을 기록하여 화학 구조를 확인하고 40℃ 에서 350℃ 범위의 온도에서 열처리된 O-PAA 및 W-PAAS의 이미드화 정도를 결정했다. C-N 및 C=C 결합에 각각 할당된 1375cm-1 및 1510cm-1 의 피크 강도를 통합하여 아래 식에 따라 이미드화 정도를 결정했다.FTIR spectra were recorded to confirm the chemical structures and to determine the degree of imidization of O-PAA and W-PAAS heat-treated at temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 350 °C. Peak intensities at 1375 cm -1 and 1510 cm -1 respectively assigned to CN and C=C bonds were integrated to determine the degree of imidation according to the formula below.
상기 식에서, reference은 350℃에서 열처리된 샘플로서, 완전히 이미드화된 상태이다.In the above formula, the reference is a sample heat-treated at 350 ° C., which is in a completely imidized state.
도 3을 참조하면, O-PAA는 350℃의 온도에서 완전히 O-PI로 전환되었다. 그러나 W-PAAS는 150℃의 비교적 낮은 온도에서 W-PI로 크게 전환되었고 약 250℃에서 100% 전환을 나타내었다. W-PAAS에 DMIZ가 존재하면 PAA의 암모늄염을 형성하여 탈이온수에서 유리한 중합이 진행되고 열 이미드화 온도를 낮추는 유기 염기 촉매로 작용한다. Referring to Figure 3, O-PAA was completely converted to O-PI at a temperature of 350 ℃. However, W-PAAS was significantly converted to W-PI at a relatively low temperature of 150 °C and showed 100% conversion at about 250 °C. The presence of DMIZ in W-PAAS forms an ammonium salt of PAA, which favorably proceeds polymerization in deionized water and acts as an organic base catalyst that lowers the thermal imidization temperature.
도 4를 참조하면, 열중량 분석(TGA)에 의해 결정된 O-PAA 및 W-PAAS 전구체의 중량 손실은 이미드화 정도와 상관관계를 나타내었다. O-PAA와 비교하여 W-PAAS는 PI로의 빠른 전환으로 인해 중량 손실 유도에서 더 낮은 분해 온도와 더 좁은 온도 범위를 나타냈다. Referring to Figure 4, the weight loss of the O-PAA and W-PAAS precursors determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a correlation with the degree of imidization. Compared to O-PAA, W-PAAS exhibited lower decomposition temperature and narrower temperature range in weight loss induction due to rapid conversion to PI.
도 5를 참조하면, PAA와 달리 완전히 이미드화된 O-PI 및 W-PI의 분해 속도는 동일한 화학 구조로 인해 온도의 함수로서 중량 손실의 파생물에서 무시할 수 있는 차이를 보여주었다. 5% 중량 손실 온도는 O-PI 및 W-PI에 대해 각각 602℃ 및 589℃ 이었으며, 이는 BPDA-pPDA를 기반으로 하는 PI의 뛰어난 우수한 열 안정성을 보여주었고, 이는 O-PAA 및 W-PAAS가 각각 350℃ 및 250℃에서 열처리를 통해 완전한 이미드화를 하는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 끓는점이 204℃인 DMIZ는 열처리 과정에서 W-PAAS에서 완전히 분해되어 최종 W-PI 박막에는 존재하지 않았다.Referring to Figure 5, unlike PAA, the degradation rate of fully imidized O-PI and W-PI showed negligible differences in the derivative of weight loss as a function of temperature due to the same chemical structure. The 5% weight loss temperature was 602 °C and 589 °C for O-PI and W-PI, respectively, demonstrating the excellent thermal stability of the PI based on BPDA- pPDA , which is comparable to that of O-PAA and W-PAAS. means complete imidization through heat treatment at 350 ° C and 250 ° C, respectively. In addition, DMIZ with a boiling point of 204 °C was completely decomposed from W-PAAS during the heat treatment process and did not exist in the final W-PI thin film.
<실시예 2> 가수분해 안정성 <Example 2> Hydrolytic stability
PAA의 가수분해 안정성은 다양한 상대 습도 조건에서 제조된 PI 박막의 최종 필름 두께와 형태에 대한 습도의 영향을 조사하여 평가했다. 다양한 상대 습도 조건은 불활성(inert) 공기, 주변(ambient) 공기 및 습한(humid) 공기로서, 각각 <1%, 20(±10)% 및 60(±10)% 의 상대 습도로 하였다. 기존의 여러 연구 그룹에서 PAAS를 비롯한 PAA 전구체의 가수분해 안정성에 대한 연구를 보고했지만 대부분의 연구에서는 시간 경과에 따른 점도 변화와 독립형 두꺼운 벌크 필름의 기계적 특성만을 조사했다. 본 연구에서 처음으로 O-PAA 및 W-PAAS의 가수분해 안정성이 각 PI 박막의 형태 및 전기적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. The hydrolytic stability of PAA was evaluated by examining the effect of humidity on the final film thickness and morphology of PI thin films prepared under various relative humidity conditions. The various relative humidity conditions were inert air, ambient air, and humid air, with relative humidity of <1%, 20 (±10)%, and 60 (±10)%, respectively. Several existing research groups have reported studies on the hydrolytic stability of PAA precursors, including PAAS, but most studies have only investigated the change in viscosity over time and the mechanical properties of free-standing thick bulk films. In this study, for the first time, the effect of the hydrolytic stability of O-PAA and W-PAAS on the morphology and electrical properties of each PI thin film was investigated.
도 6을 참조하면, 최종 필름 두께를 조사하기 위해 0~120분 동안 불활성 또는 습한 공기에 노출된 3 중량%의 O-PAA 또는 W-PAAS 전구체 용액을 스핀 코팅으로 증착하고 열적으로 이미드화하여 PI 박막을 제작하였다. O-PI의 초기 필름 두께(=두께(t)x두께(0)-1, 여기서 t는 노출 시간)로 정규화된 최종 필름 두께는 불활성 공기와 습한 공기에 120분 노출 후 60.1% 및 29.8%로 급격히 감소했다. 반면, W-PI의 최종 필름 두께는 습도 조건과 및 노출 시간에 관계없이 초기 두께와 유사하였다. Referring to FIG. 6, in order to investigate the final film thickness, a 3 wt% O-PAA or W-PAAS precursor solution exposed to inert or humid air for 0 to 120 minutes was deposited by spin coating and thermally imidized to form PI. A thin film was produced. The final film thickness, normalized to the initial film thickness of O-PI (=thickness(t)xthickness(0) -1 , where t is the exposure time), was 60.1% and 29.8% after 120 min exposure to inert and humid air, respectively. declined sharply. On the other hand, the final film thickness of W-PI was similar to the initial thickness regardless of humidity conditions and exposure time.
도 7의 (b)-(g)를 참조하면, 제조된 PI 박막의 표면 형태는 대기의 습도 조건이 PAA 전구체의 공기 안정성에 상당한 영향을 미친다는 증거를 입증했다. 습도가 높은 공기에서 제조된 필름의 경우 O-PI 박막 표면에 수많은 결함이 나타난 반면 W-PI 박막은 습도 조건에 관계없이 균일하고 매끄러운 표면을 보였다. 광학 현미경과 3차원 공초점 레이저 광학 현미경을 사용하여 기록된 표면 프로파일은 습한 공기에서 준비된 O-PI 박막이 분화구와 언덕 같은 질감을 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. O-PAA는 공기의 물 분자를 카르복실기로 흡수함으로써 쉽게 분해되거나 해중합된다. 특히, NMP에서의 중합은 O-PAA에 대한 비용매로 작용하는 물 분자의 높은 흡수도와 아미드 결합의 분해를 유도하여 분화구 및 언덕 같은 질감을 형성하였다(도 7의 (b)-(d)). 반대로 W-PAAS는 DMIZ와의 암모늄염 형성으로 아미드 결합 분해에 대한 물 분자의 영향을 억제하여 O-PAA에 비해 가수분해 안정성이 크게 향상되었고, 따라서 처리된 습도 조건과 관계 없이 균일하고 매끄러운 표면을 나타내었다(도 7의 (e)-(g)).Referring to (b)-(g) of FIG. 7 , the surface morphology of the prepared PI thin film demonstrated evidence that atmospheric humidity conditions significantly affect the air stability of the PAA precursor. In the case of films prepared in high-humidity air, numerous defects appeared on the surface of the O-PI thin film, whereas the W-PI thin film showed a uniform and smooth surface regardless of the humidity conditions. Surface profiles recorded using optical microscopy and three-dimensional confocal laser optical microscopy revealed that O-PI thin films prepared in humid air displayed crater-like and hill-like textures. O-PAA readily decomposes or depolymerizes by absorbing water molecules from the air into carboxyl groups. In particular, polymerization in NMP induced high absorption of water molecules that act as a non-solvent for O-PAA and dissociation of amide bonds to form crater and hill-like textures (Fig. 7(b)-(d)). . Conversely, W-PAAS inhibited the effect of water molecules on amide bond dissociation by forming an ammonium salt with DMIZ, significantly improving hydrolytic stability compared to O-PAA, and thus exhibiting a uniform and smooth surface regardless of the treated humidity conditions. ((e)-(g) in FIG. 7).
<실시예 3> 절연 특성<Example 3> Insulation characteristics
중합에 사용된 용매의 영향을 더 확인하기 위해 MIM 커패시터의 커패시턴스, 유전 손실 및 누설 전류(I leak)를 측정하여 PI 박막의 벌크 유전 특성을 평가했다. To further confirm the influence of the solvent used for polymerization, the bulk dielectric properties of the PI thin film were evaluated by measuring the capacitance, dielectric loss and leakage current ( I leak ) of the MIM capacitor.
도 8를 참조하면, W-PI를 사용한 MIM 커패시터는 O-PI를 사용한 것보다 유전 상수가 약간 낮았지만 대기의 습도 조건에 관계없이 여전히 약 3.2의 오차 범위 내에 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 반면, W-PI 박막의 절연성은 O-PI 박막보다 우수하였다. Referring to FIG. 8 , it can be seen that the MIM capacitor using W-PI has a slightly lower dielectric constant than that using O-PI, but is still within the error range of about 3.2 regardless of atmospheric humidity conditions. On the other hand, the insulating property of the W-PI thin film was superior to that of the O-PI thin film.
MIM 커패시터를 통한 누설 전류는 항복 전계를 결정함으로써 유전 특성을 평가하기 위해 측정되었다.The leakage current through the MIM capacitor was measured to evaluate the dielectric properties by determining the breakdown field.
도 9를 참조하면, W-PI 박막의 누설 전류는 O-PI 박막보다 더 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 주변(ambient) 공기 중에서 제조된 PI 박막의 경우, W-PI의 I leak은 2 MV cm-1 에서 6.93Х10-12 A로 O-PI보다 한 차수 낮다. O-PI가 적용된 MIM 커패시터는 표면 형태가 심하게 손상된 반면 W-PI가 적용된 MIM 커패시터는 결함이 없었다. O-PI와 W-PI가 동일한 화학구조를 가지고 있음을 감안할 때, 이러한 결과는 O-PAA 전구체의 낮은 가수분해 안정성이 열처리 과정에서 발생하는 핀홀과 같은 결함 형성으로 인해 벌크 유전 특성에 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. Referring to FIG. 9 , the leakage current of the W-PI thin film was lower than that of the O-PI thin film. In the case of PI thin films prepared in ambient air, the I leak of W-PI is 6.93Х10 -12 A at 2 MV cm -1 , one order lower than that of O-PI. The surface morphology of the MIM capacitor with O-PI was severely damaged, whereas the MIM capacitor with W-PI had no defects. Given that O-PI and W-PI have the same chemical structure, these results suggest that the low hydrolytic stability of the O-PAA precursor affects the bulk dielectric properties due to the formation of pinhole-like defects during the heat treatment process. Means that.
<실시예 4> GIXD 분석<Example 4> GIXD analysis
O-PI 박막과 W-PI 박막 사이의 유전 특성 차이의 원인을 조사하기 위해 싱크로트론 GIXD 기술을 사용하여 결정 구조를 식별했다. To investigate the cause of the difference in dielectric properties between the O-PI thin film and the W-PI thin film, the crystal structure was identified using the synchrotron GIXD technique.
도 10a 및 도 10b은, 주변(ambient) 공기에서 스핀 코팅과 각각 350℃ 및 250℃의 온도에서 열 처리로 준비된 200 nm 두께의 O-PI 및 W-PI 박막의 2D GIXD 패턴을 나타낸 것이다.10A and 10B show 2D GIXD patterns of 200 nm thick O-PI and W-PI thin films prepared by spin coating in ambient air and heat treatment at temperatures of 350 °C and 250 °C, respectively.
도 11a를 참조하면, O-PI 박막은 평면내(in-plane)(qxy) 방향을 따라 (004), (006), (008), (0010)에 대해 강한 (00l) 결정 반사 피크(crystalline reflection peaks)를 명확하게 보여주었다. 이는 BPDA-pPDA 분자가 기판과 평행하게 잘 정렬되어 있음을 나타낸다. 그러나, 평면내(in-plane) 방향에서 W-PI 박막의 (00l) 반사 피크는 넓어지고 약해진다. 평면내 방향의 qxy = 0.81 Å-1에서 (004) 반사 피크를 고려하면, 반치폭(the full-width at half-maximum, FWHM)은 O-PI 및 W-PI박막 각각에 대해 0.055 Å-1및 0.113 Å-1이다. O-PI 및 W-PI 박막에 대한 겉보기 간섭성 길이(LC = 0.9 x 2π x Δq-1)는 각각 ca. 10.4 nm와 5 nm로 측정되었다. Referring to FIG. 11a, the O-PI thin film has strong (00 l ) crystal reflection peaks for (004), (006), (008), and (0010) along the in-plane (q xy ) direction. (crystalline reflection peaks) were clearly shown. This indicates that the BPDA- pPDA molecules are well aligned parallel to the substrate. However, in the in-plane direction, the (00 l ) reflection peak of the W-PI thin film broadens and becomes weak. Considering the (004) reflection peak at q xy = 0.81 Å -1 in the in-plane direction, the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) is 0.055 Å -1 for the O-PI and W-PI thin films, respectively. and 0.113 Å −1 . The apparent coherence lengths ( LC = 0.9 x 2π x Δq -1 ) for the O-PI and W-PI thin films are ca. Measured at 10.4 nm and 5 nm.
도 11b를 참조하면, O-PI 박막은 평면외(out-of-plane) GIXD 패턴은 (110), (200) 및 (210)에 대해 고도로 정렬된 명확한 반사 피크를 보여주었고, 이는 반결정질(semi-crystalline) 박막을 나타낸다. 대조적으로, W-PI 박막의 GIXD 패턴은 평면외(qrz) 방향에서 넓은 비대칭 반사 피크를 보여 O-PI 박막에 비해 덜 정렬된 결정 구조를 나타내었다. Referring to FIG. 11b, the out-of-plane GIXD pattern of the O-PI thin film showed clear reflection peaks highly aligned to (110), (200) and (210), which was semi-crystalline ( semi-crystalline) thin film. In contrast, the GIXD pattern of the W-PI thin film showed a broad asymmetric reflection peak in the out-of-plane (q rz ) direction, indicating a less ordered crystalline structure than that of the O-PI thin film.
도 12a 및 도 12b를 참조하면, GIXD 분석 결과, O-PI 박막은 규칙적인 반결정상으로 형성된 반면, W-PI 박막은 훨씬 더 작고 덜 정렬된 결정상으로 구성되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. Referring to FIGS. 12A and 12B , as a result of GIXD analysis, it was found that the O-PI thin film was formed in a regular semi-crystalline phase, whereas the W-PI thin film was composed of much smaller and less ordered crystalline phases.
불활성(inert) 공기에서 제조된 BPDA-pPDA의 O-PI 및 W-PI 박막에 대해 동일한 GIXD 결과가 얻어졌다.The same GIXD results were obtained for O-PI and W-PI thin films of BPDA- p PDA prepared in inert air.
PI 박막의 분자 배열의 상당한 차이는 주로 PAA 전구체를 용해하는 데 사용된 용매와 이미드화 반응에 사용된 열처리 온도에 기인한다. O-PAA 전구체에 대한 유기 용매는 카르복사미드(carboxamide) 그룹이 자유롭게 움직이는 것을 도와, 사슬 정렬의 실질적인 향상을 이끌었다. 대조적으로, W-PAAS 전구체용 탈이온수는 약한 용매화를 제공하여 열 이미드화 반응 동안 분자 재배열을 제한하여 100℃의 낮은 끓는점을 갖는 W-P를 형성했다. 더욱이, W-PAAS의 카르복실레이트 음이온과 DMIZ 양이온 사이에 형성된 부피가 큰 염 부분은 열 이미드화 과정에서 사슬 간 긴밀한 패킹을 방해한 반면, O-PAA는 카르복실산 그룹 사이의 수소 결합으로 인해 사슬간 응집이 강하게 나타났다. Significant differences in the molecular arrangement of the PI thin films are mainly attributed to the solvent used to dissolve the PAA precursor and the heat treatment temperature used for the imidation reaction. The organic solvent for the O-PAA precursor helps free movement of the carboxamide groups, leading to a substantial improvement in chain alignment. In contrast, deionized water for the W-PAAS precursor provided weak solvation, limiting molecular rearrangements during the thermal imidation reaction to form W-P with a low boiling point of 100 °C. Moreover, the bulky salt moiety formed between the carboxylate anion of W-PAAS and the DMIZ cation hindered the tight packing between chains during thermal imidation, while O-PAA was due to hydrogen bonding between carboxylic acid groups. Interchain aggregation was strongly observed.
O-PAA의 완전한 이미드화를 위해서는 350℃에서의 열처리가 필요하며, 이는 290~350℃ 범위에서 BPDA-pPDA의 유리전이온도(Tg)와 유사하거나 더 높다. O-PAA 기반 PI 박막의 결정화도는 Tg 이상의 온도에서 열처리 시 분자 재배열에 의해 개선될 수 있다. 반대로 W-PAAS 박막은 BPDA-pPDA의 Tg 값보다 훨씬 낮은 250℃에서 완전히 이미드화 되었고, 이 BPDA-pPDA로부터 덜 정돈된 구조가 얻어졌다. Heat treatment at 350 °C is required for complete imidization of O-PAA, which is similar to or higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of BPDA- pPDA in the range of 290 to 350 °C. The crystallinity of O-PAA-based PI thin films can be improved by molecular rearrangement during heat treatment at temperatures above Tg. Conversely, the W-PAAS thin film was completely imidized at 250 °C, which is much lower than the Tg value of BPDA- p PDA, and a less ordered structure was obtained from this BPDA- p PDA.
분자 배열의 차이에도 불구하고 O-PI와 W-PI 박막은 유전 특성에서 무시할 수 있는 정도의 차이를 보였다. 도 9를 참조하면, 주변(ambient) 공기 중에서 제조된 박막의 경우에도 결정도가 낮은 W-PI의 누설 전류 밀도는 규칙적인 구조의 O-PI보다 약간 낮았다. 따라서 BPDA-pPDA 기반 PI 박막의 분자 배열은 유전 특성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다. PI 박막의 우수한 전기적, 기계적 특성을 나타내는 전하이동 착물(charge transfer complex)은 사용된 용매에 관계없이 두 PI 박막 모두에서 잘 형성되었다. 이는 BPDA-pPDA PI 박막의 결정 구조보다 박막 제조 시 발생하는 거시적 핀홀이 유전 특성에 더 지배적인 요인임을 의미한다.Despite the difference in molecular arrangement, O-PI and W-PI films showed negligible differences in dielectric properties. Referring to FIG. 9 , even in the case of a thin film fabricated in ambient air, the leakage current density of W-PI having low crystallinity was slightly lower than that of O-PI having a regular structure. Therefore, it was confirmed that the molecular arrangement of the BPDA- pPDA- based PI thin film did not significantly affect the dielectric properties. The charge transfer complex showing excellent electrical and mechanical properties of the PI thin film was well formed in both PI thin films regardless of the solvent used. This means that macroscopic pinholes generated during film fabrication are a more dominant factor in the dielectric properties than the crystal structure of the BPDA-pPDA PI thin film.
<실시예 5> PI 게이트 유전체를 가진 OFET의 전기적 특성<Example 5> Electrical Characteristics of OFETs with PI Gate Dielectric
게이트 유전층으로서 O-PI 및 W-PI 박막의 전기적 특성을 확인하기 위해, 2,7-디데실[1]벤조티에노[3,2-b]-[1]벤조티오펜(C10-BTBT)를 활성층으로 한 OFET 전달 곡선을 측정하였다(도 13).To confirm the electrical properties of O-PI and W-PI thin films as gate dielectric layers, 2,7-didecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b]-[1]benzothiophene (C 10 -BTBT ) as an active layer, OFET transfer curves were measured (FIG. 13).
도 14를 참조하면, 전반적으로 W-PI 게이트 유전체가 있는 OFET의 드레인-소스 전류(I DS)는 O-PI 게이트 유전체를 사용한 것보다 2배 더 높았다. Referring to FIG. 14 , overall, the drain-to-source current ( I DS ) of OFETs with W-PI gate dielectric was twice as high as that with O-PI gate dielectric.
도 15를 참조하면, W-PI 게이트 유전체가 있는 OFET는 비교적 낮고 균일한 게이트-소스 전류(I GS)를 나타낸다. 장치 성능을 정량적으로 비교하기 위해 다음 방정식을 사용하여 전계 효과 이동도(μFET), 임계 전압(VTH) 및 I DS 온/오프 비율(Ion/Ioff) 측면에서 전기적 매개변수를 추출했다.Referring to FIG. 15 , an OFET with a W-PI gate dielectric exhibits a relatively low and uniform gate-to-source current ( I GS ). To quantitatively compare device performance, electrical parameters in terms of field-effect mobility (μFET), threshold voltage (V TH ) and I DS on/off ratio (I on /I off ) were extracted using the following equations:
상기 식에서, W와 L은 각각 채널 폭과 길이, C i는 단위 면적당 커패시턴스, V GS는 게이트-소스 전압이다. In the above equation, W and L are the channel width and length, respectively, C i is the capacitance per unit area, and V GS is the gate-source voltage.
주변(ambient) 공기 및 불활성(inert) 공기에서 준비된 O-PI 게이트 유전체를 가진 OFET는 각각 0.56 ± 0.16 cm2 V-1 s-1 및 0.32 ± 0.12 cm2 V-1 s-1 의 μFET를 나타내는 반면, 주변(ambient) 공기 및 불활성(inert) 공기에서 준비된 W-PI 게이트 유전체를 가진 OFET는 각각 1.00 ± 0.33 cm2 V-1 s-1 및 1.10 ± 0.12 cm2 V-1 s-1 의 μFET를 나타내어 크게 개선된 것을 알 수 있다.OFETs with O-PI gate dielectrics prepared in ambient air and inert air exhibited μFETs of 0.56 ± 0.16 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and 0.32 ± 0.12 cm 2 V -1 s -1 respectively. On the other hand, OFETs with W-PI gate dielectrics prepared in ambient air and inert air have 1.00 ± 0.33 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and It can be seen that the μFET of 1.10 ± 0.12 cm 2 V −1 s −1 is greatly improved.
또한, W-PI 게이트 유전체가 있는 OFET는 48개 장치에서 100% 수율을 보인 반면, O-PI 게이트 유전체가 있는 OFET에서는 60% 미만의 수율이 달성되었다. 수율은 도 6 내지 도 9 에서 논의된 바와 같이, PI 박막의 핀홀 형성에 영향을 미치는 가수분해 안정성과 강한 상관관계가 있다. O-PI 및 W-PI 게이트 유전체를 가지는 OFET의 전기적 특성은 표 1에 나타내었다. In addition, OFETs with W-PI gate dielectric showed 100% yield in 48 devices, whereas less than 60% yield was achieved in OFET with O-PI gate dielectric. Yield correlates strongly with hydrolysis stability, which affects pinhole formation in PI thin films, as discussed in FIGS. 6-9. The electrical characteristics of OFETs with O-PI and W-PI gate dielectrics are shown in Table 1.
지금까지 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 수용성 폴리아믹산, 이의 제조방법, 이를 이용한 폴리이미드 절연막 및 유기박막트랜지스터에 관한 구체적인 실시예에 관하여 설명하였으나, 본 발명의 범위에서 벗어나지 않는 한도 내에서는 여러 가지 실시 변형이 가능함은 자명하다.So far, water-soluble polyamic acid according to an embodiment of the present invention, its manufacturing method, and specific embodiments of a polyimide insulating film and an organic thin film transistor using the same have been described, but various embodiments are carried out within the scope of the present invention. It is obvious that variations are possible.
그러므로 본 발명의 범위는 설명된 실시예에 국한되어 정해져서는 안 되며, 후술하는 특허청구범위뿐만 아니라 이 특허청구범위와 균등한 것들에 의해 정해져야 한다.Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the described embodiments and should not be defined, and should be defined by not only the claims to be described later, but also those equivalent to these claims.
즉, 전술된 실시예는 모든 면에서 예시적인 것이며, 한정적인 것이 아닌 것으로 이해되어야 하며, 본 발명의 범위는 상세한 설명보다는 후술될 특허청구범위에 의하여 나타내어지며, 그 특허청구범위의 의미 및 범위 그리고 그 등가 개념으로부터 도출되는 모든 변경 또는 변형된 형태가 본 발명의 범위에 포함되는 것으로 해석되어야 한다.That is, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims to be described later rather than the detailed description, and the meaning and scope of the claims and All changes or modified forms derived from the equivalent concept should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
수용성 폴리아믹산의 제조방법.
Characterized in that dianhydride monomers and diamine monomers are polymerized in a polar protic solvent,
Method for producing water-soluble polyamic acid.
수계중합 촉매를 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하는,
수용성 폴리아믹산의 제조방법.
According to claim 1,
Characterized in that the water-based polymerization catalyst is used,
Method for producing water-soluble polyamic acid.
상기 수계중합 촉매는
1,2-Dimethylimidazole, Imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 1-Methylimidazole, 2-Ethylimidazole, 4(5)-Methylimidazole, 2-Ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2,2′midazole), Benzimidazole, 1-Benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 2-Methyl-1-pyrroline, Pyrazole, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 2-methyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 1-methyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 1-methylpyrrolidine, 5-methylbenzimidazole, Isoquinoline, 3,5-dimethylpyridine, 3,4-dimethylpyridine, 2,5-dimethylpyridine, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 4-n-propylpyridine, 2-Ethyl-4-methy-1H-limidazole-1-propanenitrile 로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는,
수용성 폴리아믹산의 제조방법.
According to claim 2,
The water-based polymerization catalyst is
1,2-Dimethylimidazole, Imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 1-Methylimidazole, 2-Ethylimidazole, 4(5)-Methylimidazole, 2-Ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2,2′midazole), Benzimidazole, 1-Benzyl-2- methylimidazole, 2-Methyl-1-pyrroline, Pyrazole, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 2-methyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 1-methyl-4-ethyl imidazole, 1-methylpyrrolidine, 5-methylbenzimidazole, Isoquinoline, 3 One selected from the group consisting of 5-dimethylpyridine, 3,4-dimethylpyridine, 2,5-dimethylpyridine, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 4-n-propylpyridine, and 2-Ethyl-4-methy-1H-limidazole-1-propanenitrile Characterized in that more than
Method for producing water-soluble polyamic acid.
상기 폴리아믹산은 염을 형성하는 것을 특징으로 하는,
수용성 폴리아믹산의 제조방법.
According to claim 1,
Characterized in that the polyamic acid forms a salt,
Method for producing water-soluble polyamic acid.
극성 양자성 용매에 디아민(diamine) 단량체와 수계중합 촉매를 용해시킨 후,
이무수물(dianhydride) 단량체를 첨가하여 50 내지 100 ℃ 에서 2 내지 20 시간 반응시키는 것을 특징으로 하는,
수용성 폴리아믹산의 제조방법.
According to claim 1,
After dissolving a diamine monomer and an aqueous polymerization catalyst in a polar protic solvent,
Characterized by adding a dianhydride monomer and reacting at 50 to 100 ° C. for 2 to 20 hours,
Method for producing water-soluble polyamic acid.
폴리아믹산 염.
Characterized in that it is produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5,
salt of polyamic acid.
가수분해 안정성이 폴리아믹산 보다 향상된 것을 특징으로 하는,
폴리아믹산 염.
According to claim 6,
Characterized in that the hydrolysis stability is improved than that of polyamic acid,
salt of polyamic acid.
폴리이미드의 제조방법.
Characterized in that the polyamic acid salt of claim 6 is imidized by heat treatment,
Manufacturing method of polyimide.
상기 폴리아믹산 염은
1 내지 20 중량% 의 폴리아믹산 염을 포함한 수용액인 것을 특징으로 하는,
폴리이미드의 제조방법.
According to claim 8,
The polyamic acid salt is
Characterized in that it is an aqueous solution containing 1 to 20% by weight of a polyamic acid salt,
Manufacturing method of polyimide.
150 내지 250 ℃ 에서 열처리하여,
90 내지 100% 의 이미드화 전환율을 나타내는 것을 특징으로 하는,
폴리이미드의 제조방법.
According to claim 8,
By heat treatment at 150 to 250 ° C,
Characterized in that it exhibits an imidation conversion rate of 90 to 100%,
Manufacturing method of polyimide.
폴리이미드 절연막.
Characterized in that it comprises the polyimide prepared by the method of claim 8,
polyimide insulating film.
공기 중에서 가수분해 되지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는,
폴리이미드 절연막.
According to claim 11,
Characterized in that it is not hydrolyzed in air,
polyimide insulating film.
표면에 핀홀이 발생하지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는,
폴리이미드 절연막.
According to claim 12,
Characterized in that pinholes do not occur on the surface,
polyimide insulating film.
극성 비양자성 용매에서 제조된 폴리이미드 절연막 보다
누설전류가 낮은 것을 특징으로 하는,
폴리이미드 절연막.
According to claim 12,
than polyimide insulating films made in polar aprotic solvents.
Characterized in that the leakage current is low,
polyimide insulating film.
유기박막트랜지스터.
Characterized in that it comprises the polyimide insulating film of any one of claims 12 to 14,
organic thin film transistors.
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