KR20220092368A - Ultra slim module form factor and connector architecture for inline connection - Google Patents

Abstract

A board-to-board connector includes electrical leads bridging one board to another board to interconnect pads on one surface of the boards. The boards can be interconnected while being aligned on a substantially same plane as an in-line connector. The connector includes a lead frame with the electrical leads and includes an alignment frame that holds the lead frame. The connector includes a conductive case to be fastened on the alignment frame. The connector includes screw holes to allow screws to fasten the connector in place against the boards and to secure an electrical connection between the pads on two boards through the electrical leads of the connector. The alignment frame includes posts that match alignment holes on the boards.

Description

ULTRA SLIM MODULE FORM FACTOR AND CONNECTOR ARCHITECTURE FOR INLINE CONNECTION

The descriptions relate generally to interconnects, and more specific descriptions relate to architectures for an ultra slim board to board connector.

Consumer demand for smartphones, tablets and ultra-slim computing devices is increasing. This demand is even driving traditional laptop designs to adopt sleeker profiles. Such devices are designed as add-in boards to provide a motherboard or main system printed circuit board (PCB) containing a host processor and system memory, and certain peripherals. The use of add-in boards allows a more modular design to use different components for different models of devices (eg, amount of storage or type of wireless connection).

Connecting add-in boards to the motherboard traditionally results in unwanted system electromagnetic frequency (EMF) discharge, which complicates system compliance. Traditional solutions for connecting add-in boards limit the z dimension or height (eg, thickness) of the computing device. As far as such solutions exist, they tend to be custom and expensive to manufacture, which conflicts with the desire for mass manufacturing.

The following description includes a discussion of the drawings with examples given as examples of implementations. The drawings are to be understood by way of example and not limitation. As used herein, references to one or more examples are to be understood as describing a particular feature, structure, or characteristic included in at least one implementation of the invention. Phrases such as “in one example” or “in an alternative example” appearing herein provide examples of implementations of the invention, and not necessarily all refer to the same implementation. However, they are also not necessarily mutually exclusive.
1A is a block diagram of an example of a computer system in which ultra slim module (USM) add-in connectors are mounted to a planar system board.
1B is a block diagram of an example of a computer system in which ultra slim module (USM) add-in connectors are mounted to a ruler board.
2A-2C are block diagrams of an example of connecting an add-in to a motherboard with a USM connector.
3A-3D are block diagrams of an example of an inline USM connector.
4A-4C are block diagrams of an example of securing an add-in board to a motherboard with an inline USM connector.
5A is a cut-away diagram of an example of an inline USM connector.
5B is a diagram of an example of an inline USM connector connected to a system chassis.
6 is an example representation of an inline USM connector with offset keying features.
7A and 7B are diagrams of an example of an inline USM connector connected to different electrical pads by inverting the USM connector.
8 is an example representation of an inline USM connector connected to different rows of electrical pads by reversing connector orientation.
9 is an example of a layout of boards connected by a USM connector.
10A and 10B illustrate an example of a system ruler board having an inline USM connector and a top mount USM connector.
10C is an example of a beam contact for an inline USM connector.
10D is an example of a beam contact for a top mount USM connector.
11A is an example of an add-in board with a top mount USM connector.
11B is an example of a contact for a top mount USM connector.
12 is an example of a system configuration in which the add-in board has a top mount USM connector in direct contact with the system board.
13 is an example of a system configuration having a top mount USM connector with a height offset to allow clearance for components on the add in board between the add in board and the system board.
14A is an example of a system configuration with a top mount USM connector with a height offset between the add in board and the system board to allow spacing for components on the system board.
14B is a representation of a top mount connector with stepped footings.
14C is a perspective view of the top mount connector of FIG. 14B ;
15 is an example of a system configuration having a top mount USM connector for mounting an add-in board on another add-in board in direct contact with the system board with another top-mount USM connector.
16 is an example of a system configuration having a top mount USM connector for mounting an add-in board over another add-in board that directly contacts the system board with another top-mount USM connector, where both add-in boards are secured with a common mounting screw. .
17 is an example of a system configuration having an add-in board mounted to another add-in board with a top-mount USM connector, which in turn is connected to the system board with a top-mount USM connector.
18 is an example of a system configuration with a top mount USM connector for mounting an add-in board on another add-in board that is connected to the system board with an in-line USM connector.
19A and 19B illustrate an example of a system configuration with two top mount USM connectors for mounting an add-in board over another add-in board.
20 illustrates an example of a system configuration with four top mount USM connectors for mounting an add-in board over another add-in board.
21 illustrates an example of a system configuration with inline chained USM connectors for connecting an add in board to a system board having wider I/O.
22A is an example representation of an inline chained USM connector with shared screw holes on one side.
22B is an example representation of an inline chained USM connector with both sides having shared screw holes.
23 illustrates an example of a system configuration with inline chained USM connectors for connecting boards together.
24 is a block diagram of an example of board layouts for use with a USM connector.
25 is a block diagram of an example of board layouts for use with a USM connector having two connector groups.
26 is a block diagram of an example of board layouts for daisy chaining add in boards with USM connectors.
27 is a block diagram of an example of board layouts for daisy chaining add in boards with USM connectors of different sizes.
28 is a block diagram of an example of board layouts for use with a reversible USM connector.
29 is a block diagram of an example of a computing system in which an add-in board connected to a USM connector may be implemented.
30 is a block diagram of an example of a mobile device in which an add-in board connected to a USM connector may be implemented.
Descriptions of specific details and implementations follow, including non-limiting descriptions of the drawings, which may also depict some or all examples and other potential implementations.

As described herein, in one example, the board-to-board connector is an in-line ultra-slim module connector (USMi) with a very low profile for interconnecting add-in boards in a computing device. A connector includes electrical leads bridging from one board to another to interconnect pads on one surface of the boards. In one example, the interconnect pads are on only one side of the boards. The boards may be interconnected with an inline USM connector while being aligned substantially in the same plane.

As described herein, in one example, the board-to-board connector is a top mount ultra-slim module connector (USMt) with an ultra-low profile for interconnecting add-in boards in a computing device. The connector includes electrical leads for bridging from one board to another, interconnecting pads on one surface of the boards. In one example, the interconnect pads are on only one side of the boards. Boards can be interconnected when one board is not coplanar with the other and one surface is offset from the surface of the board to be connected. The offset may be the thickness of the board or the thickness of the board plus additional space for air gaps or components.

Both the inline USM connector and the top mount USM connector include a lead frame containing electrical leads and an alignment frame holding the lead frame. Both connectors include a conductive case to hold onto the alignment frame. The connectors include screw holes to allow the screws to hold the connector in place against the boards and to ensure an electrical connection between the pads on the two boards through the electrical leads of the connector. The alignment frame includes posts that mate with alignment holes in the boards to key the connectors to the boards and ensure proper alignment of the connector leads and pads on the boards.

1A is a block diagram of an example of a computer system with ultra slim module (USM) add-in connectors. System 102 represents a computing system or computing device. For example, system 102 may be a laptop computer, tablet computer, or two-in-one device. Although the display for the device is not explicitly shown in the system 102 , it may be a screen covering the device, or a display connected via a hinge built into the top of the chassis of the system 102 , or connected to some other connector. can be

In one example, system 102 has a clamshell design, wherein the processing elements and the keyboard are secured to a display element. In one example, system 102 is a removable computer, wherein the processor and display are part of a common unit having a removable keyboard.

System 102 includes a system board 110 representing a main printed circuit board (PCB) for controlling operations in system 102 . System board 110 may be referred to as a motherboard in certain computer configurations. System board 110 is a traditional system in which both length and width (x and y axes, not specifically labeled for orientation in system 102) are at least twice the width or length dimension of the main processor or host processor. Represents a rectangular system board that is a board configuration.

The system board 110 includes a processor 112 , which represents a host processor or main processing unit for the system 102 . The processor 112 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or a system on a chip (SOC) including a CPU or other processor. In one example, processor 112 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU), which may be the same as or separate from the main processor.

System board 110 includes memory 114 that represents operational memory for a computing device. The working memory may be referred to as system memory. Working memory is generally or includes volatile memory, which has an indeterminate state when power to the memory is interrupted. The processor 112 utilizes the memory 114 to control the operation of the system 102 . System 102 includes a battery 122 for powering the system.

System 102 includes one or more add-in cards coupled to system board 110 . Reference to an add-in board or add-in card refers to a card or board that contains the system processor and is connected via the card to a main board that provides functionality to the system processor. A card may alternatively be referred to as an add-on card or add-on board, an expansion module, or some other terminology.

System 102 illustrates four add-in boards: add-in 132 , add-in 136 , add-in 142 , and add-in 152 . System 102 may include a single add-in board or may include multiple add-in boards. The specifically illustrated add-in boards show different types of add-in connections to the system board 110 . Other types of connections are possible as described in more detail below. In one example, system 102 includes add-in boards stacked on or stacked on other add-in boards, neither of which is explicitly illustrated in system 102 .

Add-in boards may be included in system 102 to provide user-selectable functionality for different system configurations. For example, computer systems typically provide different amounts of non-volatile storage or hard drive sizes. Non-volatile storage refers to a memory that maintains a determinate state even when power to the memory is interrupted. Non-volatile memory may be provided as solid state drives (SSDs) of different sizes, depending on the system configuration selected by the user. In one example, one or more of the add-in boards represent an SSD.

Add-in boards may be included in system 102 to provide controlled functionality for electromagnetic frequency (EMF) radiation or noise. In one example, one or more of the add-in boards represent a wireless communication card. Wireless communication cards have compliance requirements and are therefore typically implemented as standalone modules so that there is no need to individually test every device design. For example, the add-in board may implement wireless communication, such as WiFi, Bluetooth (BT), a wireless wide area network (WWAN) such as cellular, or other wireless communication.

In one example, the add-in 132 is connected to the system board 110 with a connector (CONN) 134 . Connector 134 represents an inline USM connector that can provide a wide bandwidth connection to add-in 132 . In one example, add-in 136 is indirectly coupled to system board 110 via add-in 132 . More specifically, the add-in 136 is coupled to the add-in 132 via a connector (CONN) 138 , which represents a USM connector (and may be an in-line or top mount USM connector). In one example, connector 138 has a narrower bandwidth than connector 134 . Connector 134 may provide a passthrough connection to add-in 136 via connector 138 . The connection of the add-in 136 to the system board 110 through the add-in 132 may be referred to as a daisy-chained connection. In one example, the add-in 132 may be connected via a top mount USM connector 134 . Thus, boards can be daisy chained or expanded via inline or top mount low profile connectors.

The add-in 152 is connected to the system board 110 via a connector (CONN) 154 , which represents a top mount USM connector. Add-in 152 illustrates that system 102 may include one or more add-in cards mounted on or over system board 110 with top mount connectors. Top mount connections include some vertical offset compared to inline board connections, which can still be lower than traditional connectors in addition to providing improved signaling and heat transfer to enable faster connections.

The add-in 142 is connected to the system board 110 via a connector (CONN) 144 as well as via a cable 148 and connector 146 . The connector 146 is a connector directly above the system board 110 , which may be, but is not necessarily a USM connector. In one example, connector 146 is not a USM connector. Connector 146 may be another low profile connector, such as a ribbon connector for implementations where cable 148 is a ribbon cable. The cable 148 may be a wire cable having a corresponding connector 146 . There may be any number of possible connection configurations for cable 148 and add-in 142 . For example, at the end of cable 148 facing add-in card 142, the cable includes a hardware interface for interfacing with connector 144, which is a USM connector. In another example, system 102 includes a connector 146 mounted on a PCB, having signal lines to a USM connector, whether inline or top mount, for connection to a connector 144 representing a top mount USM connector; It may include a miniature PCB with similar connectors. Add-in 142 illustrates that system 102 may include one or more add-in cards that are mounted to system board 110 with cables in addition to a USM connector.

System 102 includes connectors 162 that represent input/output (I/O) connectors to devices external to system 102 . For example, connectors 162 may be or include universal serial bus (USB) connectors. System 102 may also include a display device. System 102 may include a network interface coupled to processor 112 .

1B is a block diagram of an example of a computer system in which ultra slim module (USM) add-in connectors are mounted to a ruler board. System 104 represents a computing system or computing device. For example, system 104 may be a laptop computer, tablet computer, or two-in-one device. Although the display for the device is not explicitly shown in the system 104 , it may be a screen covering the device, or a display connected via a hinge built into the top of the chassis of the system 104 , or connected to some other connector. can be

In one example, system 104 has a clamshell design, wherein processing elements and a keyboard are secured to a display element. In one example, system 104 is a removable computer, wherein the processor and display are part of a common unit having a removable keyboard. System 104 may be an alternative example to system 102 of FIG. 1A , having similar internal components but a different system board design.

System 104 includes a system board 170 representing a main printed circuit board (PCB) for controlling operations in system 104 . System board 170 may be referred to as a motherboard in certain computer configurations. System board 170 represents a ruler board whose length is substantially greater than its width (or its width is substantially greater than its length, depending on how the x and y axes are oriented in system 104 ). Typically, the ruler board will have a first dimension that is less than twice the width or length dimension of the main processor or host processor and a second dimension that is at least several times (eg, at least three or four times) the first dimension.

System board 170 includes processor 172 , which represents a host processor or main processing unit for system 104 . The processor 172 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or a system on a chip (SOC) including a CPU or other processor. In one example, processor 172 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU), which may be the same as or separate from the main processor. System board 170 includes memory 174 that represents operational memory for the computing device. The processor 172 utilizes the memory 174 to control the operation of the system 104 .

System 104 includes a battery for powering the system. System 104 is illustrated as having a number of discrete battery components spanning system board 170 . Battery 124 may represent one part or segment of a battery and battery 126 may represent another part or segment of a battery. Although illustrated with substantially the same shape and size, the different battery segments within the chassis of system 104 need not be symmetrical or configured symmetrically. In one example, system 104 may have more than two battery segments.

System 104 includes one or more add-in cards coupled to system board 170 . System 104 illustrates four add-in boards: add-in 182 , add-in 186 , add-in 192 , and add-in 196 . System 104 may include a single add-in board or may include multiple add-in boards. The specifically illustrated add-in boards show different types of add-in connections to the system board 170 . Other types of connections are possible as described throughout. Although system 104 does not illustrate cabling to an add-in board, it may include connections similar to those shown in system 102 . System 104 also does not illustrate a daisy chained add-in board that may be implemented in system 104 in various implementations. In one example, system 104 includes add-in boards stacked on or stacked on other add-in boards, neither of which is explicitly illustrated in system 104 .

Add-in boards may be included in system 104 to provide user-selectable functionality for different system configurations. For example, computer systems typically provide different amounts of non-volatile storage or hard drive sizes. Non-volatile storage refers to memory that maintains a deterministic state even when power to the memory is interrupted. Non-volatile memory may be provided as solid state drives (SSDs) of different sizes, depending on the system configuration selected by the user. In one example, one or more of the add-in boards represent an SSD.

Add-in boards may be included in system 104 to provide controlled functionality for electromagnetic frequency (EMF) radiation or noise. In one example, one or more of the add-in boards represent a wireless communication card. Wireless communication cards have compliance requirements and are therefore typically implemented as standalone modules so that there is no need to individually test every device design. For example, the add-in board may implement wireless communication, such as WiFi, Bluetooth (BT), a wireless wide area network (WWAN) such as cellular, or other wireless communication.

In one example, the add-in 182 is connected to the system board 170 with a connector (CONN) 184 . Connector 184 represents an inline USM connector that can extend a ruler board with an add-in module at the end of the board. Thus, the configurable component may be provided with space at the long end of the ruler board, which is an acceptable configuration of a system with different component features via an add-in 182 connected by a connector 184 . The add-in 186 is connected to the system board 170 via a connector (CONN) 188 , which represents a top mount USM connector. Add-in 182 illustrates that system 104 may include one or more add-in cards mounted on or over system board 170 with top mount connectors.

The add-in 192 is connected to the system board 170 through a connector (CONN) 194 . The add-in 196 is connected to the system board 170 through a connector (CONN) 198 . Add-in 192 and add-in 196 are illustrated with system board 170 sandwiched between each other, where add-in boards may be connected to different edges or other portions of system board 170 . to exemplify Connector 194 and connector 198 may be in-line or top mount connectors.

System 104 includes connectors 164 representing input/output (I/O) connectors to devices external to system 104 . For example, the connectors 164 may be or include universal serial bus (USB) connectors. System 104 may also include a display device. System 104 may include a network interface coupled to processor 172 .

2A-2C are block diagrams of an example of connecting an add-in to a motherboard with a USM connector. Motherboard 210 represents the main system board that will contain the main system processor. Add-in 220 represents an expansion board to be connected to the system board, identified in the diagrams as motherboard 210 . The size and scale of the boards are not necessarily to scale. The relative sizes of the system board or motherboard 210 and add-in 220 may represent one example implementation.

Referring to FIG. 2A , a top view 202 illustrates a top view of the motherboard 210 and add-in 220 . Motherboard 210 includes pads 212 representing a row of pads between screw holes 214 . In one example, the row of pads 212 is a single row of connectors to the motherboard 210 . Add-in 220 includes pads 222 that mirror pads 212 of motherboard 210 . Pads 222 correspond to pads 212 , where signals transmitted to pads 212 propagate to pads 222 via a USM connector (not explicitly shown).

Pads 212 and pads 222 represent exposed connectors on the boards. Other connectors are covered with one or more layers of the PCB or the surface material of the board. The pads enable connection to a connector or connection to a chip on a board.

Like motherboard 210 , in one example add-in 220 includes pads 222 disposed between two screw holes 224 , which are on either side of a row of pads 222 . have. The screw holes 214 include standoffs 216 and the screw holes 224 include standoffs 226 . Standoffs 216 and standoffs 226 include threading on an inner or inner surface. Accordingly, the screw holes provide the boards with an opening to receive the screws that will secure the connector to the boards, as will be described in more detail below.

Motherboard 210 includes alignment holes 218 . Add-in 220 includes alignment holes 228 . In one example, alignment holes 218 and alignment holes 228, when configured to be coupled together, are mirror images on boards. In one example, the alignment holes 218 of the motherboard 210 and the alignment holes 228 of the add-in 220 are not aligned with each other.

As illustrated in top view 202 , alignment holes 218 and alignment holes 228 are aligned with each other and have a center offset from the connector center. Dashed line 232 (long dashes) illustrates the connector center, or a centerline that intersects the middle of pads 212 and pads 222 . A dashed line 234 (short dashes) intersects the alignment holes 218 and the middle of the alignment holes 228 . Offset 230 represents an offset from the center of the alignment holes. In one example, the alignment holes are centered on centerline 232 .

Add-in 220 is illustrated with screw holes 240 , which may be the same as screw holes 224 . The screw holes 224 are located on the add-in 220 next to an edge of the board that will be proximate to the motherboard 210 when the boards are connected, and the screw holes 240 are located on the opposite edge of the add-in 220 . Located. Another identifier for the screw holes is that the screw holes 224 are located by the pads 222 that connect to the motherboard 210 and the screw holes 240 connect with the motherboard 210 . It doesn't have pads. The screw holes 240 may include pads that connect to another board, as described below. Alternatively, the add-in 220 may have no pads near the screw holes 240 . The screw holes 240 may enable connection of the add-in 220 to the system chassis for additional support for connection of the add-in board.

Screw holes 240 illustrate vias 242 representing through hole connections to the screw holes. It will be appreciated that the screw holes 224 and the screw holes 214 also include similar vias that are generally obscured in the top view 202 . The vias include a metal lining to the holes in the boards. Typically, alignment holes 218 and alignment holes 228 are bare holes of respective PCBs. The lined holes are connected to signal lines in at least two layers of the board or connected to a ground plane or power plane.

Referring to FIG. 2B , side view 204 illustrates a side view of the components of top view 202 . The observation of the side view 204 shows the threads of the screw holes 214 of the motherboard 210 and the screw holes 224 of the add-in 220 . Side view 204 also illustrates that standoffs 216 and 226 provide additional depth to allow screw holes to receive screws to secure the USM connector to boards.

In one example, the screw holes 214 and the screw holes 224 are through-hole holes or through-hole openings in metal-lined boards. The metallized through-hole openings allow standoffs 216 and standoffs 226, respectively, to be soldered into the screw holes to form the screw holes, respectively, to the ground plane and add-in ( 220) to connect to the ground plane. As will be described in more detail below, connecting the screw holes to the ground planes may ground the connector. The use of threaded standoffs makes it possible to assemble an add-in card to motherboards in a post-SMT (surface mount technology) assembly process.

Alignment holes 218 and alignment holes 228 provide keying and precise alignment of the USM connector to be connected to the boards. The USM connector includes contacts for electrically connecting the pads 212 to the pads 222 when the connector is secured to boards having screw holes 214 and screw holes 224 . The improved accuracy from the keying alignment hole pair enables a narrower pitch between the pads compared to traditional add in board interconnects.

Although illustrated and described as standoffs, standoffs 216 and standoffs 226 may alternatively be spacers. The use of standoffs 216 and standoffs 226 provides threads to secure the screws for the connector for connecting the motherboard 210 to the add-in 220 . Since the screws may extend to threaded posts in the system chassis to secure the screws, the spacers may not require threaded spacers that include threads. A spacer may be desirable when connector screws are connected to the system chassis, since the threads of the standoffs may not be perfectly aligned with the threads of the chassis standoffs.

Referring to FIG. 2C , a bottom view 206 illustrates a bottom view of the components of the top view 202 . It can be seen from the bottom view 206 that the motherboard 210 and add-in 220 do not include pads on the bottom side of the boards. In one example, the interconnect with the USM connector provides for a connection on only one side of the boards. Thus, the surface with the pads (the top surface as illustrated) may be substantially coplanar with or in-line with each other. Thus, input/output (I/O) can be on only one side or one surface of the PCB. The connector may then connect pads on one surface only to provide interconnection between the boards, which may improve vertical use of board space.

In bottom view 206 , in one example, standoffs 216 and standoffs 226 are fully retractable through screw holes 214 and screw holes 224 , respectively, or are screwed It may extend only partially into the holes. A connector (not shown) extends completely into the alignment holes 218 and the alignment holes 228, only partially into the alignment holes, or posts or tabs that extend completely through the alignment holes to a lower side. may include

3A-3D are block diagrams of an example of an inline USM connector. The diagrams illustrate the interconnection of the first PCB and the second PCB. In one example, the first PCB is a motherboard and the second PCB is an add-in module. In one example, both the first PCB and the second PCB are add-in boards. Different views illustrate the elements of a connector as looking through the layers of the connector while the connector is connecting two boards.

Referring to FIG. 3A , view 302 illustrates a frame of pins or leads for connecting pads on a first PCB to pads on a second PCB. The lead frame 320 represents electrical leads or electrical connectors that electrically connect between the pads on the first PCB and the pads on the second PCB when the connector is fixed. The leads span two rows of connected PCBs.

Electrical leads may also be referred to as pins or beam contacts. The leads or pins of the lead frame 320 are bridges between the pads of two devices or two boards. In one example, the pins are spring contacts that push against the top plate of the connector (described below as case or cover 350 ). An enlarged view 330 illustrates the end of the lead frame 320 . Lead frame 320 is comprised of a number of individual leads 332 including feet 334 . One foot contacts a pad on the first PCB and the other foot contacts a corresponding pad on the second PCB. Straight lines and curves are illustrated and referenced as curve 336 . The straight line illustrates the surface plane of the surfaces of the first PCB and the second PCB. The arc illustrates the curvature of one of leads 332 .

Thus, when engaged in the connector and secured by screws, the connector pushes the lead frame 320 onto the PCB pads, bridging between the corresponding pads. Depending on the configuration of the leads, the lead frame assembly can apply a relatively significant amount of force (collectively, several pounds of force can be applied to the connector case and thus into the screws). Such force may provide a good engagement force that holds the first PCB against the second PCB and ensures electrical connection of the pads. Although the connector design allows for low-cost leadframes that hold an add-in card against another add-in card or hold an add-in card against a motherboard edge, such a connection enables high-speed signaling.

Alignment keys 312 (or alignment holes) illustrate keying or alignment structures that will be engaged by the alignment frame of the connector. In one example, the standoffs 314 are electrically connected to a ground plane in the PCBs. In one example, screws 316 engage standoffs 314 . Alternatively, the standoffs 314 may be replaced by spacers that may be electrically connected to the ground plane of the PCBs, or alternatively, simply on the boards to engage the screws 316 with the chassis. It is possible to provide a guide for the screws through the bare through-holes of The standoffs 314 may include threading into a screw hole and may provide a threaded structure to secure the screws 316 to.

In some configurations the screws 316 may be electrically connected to board ground or system ground to ground the connector. The screws 316 also provide a thermal path for the connection to enable the transfer of heat, which may enable higher signaling rates. In one example, the connector includes a grounding bar 322 (which may alternatively be referred to as a grounding bar). The ground bar 322 may be selectively connected to ground pins of the lead frame 320 . The connection of ground bar 322 to ground pins can ensure that each pin has a strong path to ground. If the connector cover is metal, the ground bar 322 may physically contact the metal cover, providing a strong ground path to ground through the screws 316 and standoffs 314 .

Referring to FIG. 3B , view 304 illustrates including alignment frame 324 over lead frame 320 , which, because lead frame 320 is covered by alignment frame 324 , view 304 . ) is not clearly visible. In one example, the alignment frame includes mechanical support for a ground bar 322 to be included in the connector. The mechanical support may include spacing and structural features to enable the ground bar 322 to be used. Structural features may include gaps in the frame body or frame molding to allow the ground bar to extend into physical contact with the leads and physical contact with the outer cover of the connector.

Alignment frame 324 secures lead frame 320 to hold the leads in place. Additionally, alignment frame 324 includes posts, tabs, or other structures that engage alignment keys in the first PCB and second PCB. Alignment keys are not visible in view 304 because they are covered by alignment frame 324 . In one example, ground bar 322 extends through alignment frame 324 and provides a beam contact for grounding that is connected to the cover.

In one example, the alignment frame 324 is a plastic frame. The plastic frame can be an inexpensive plastic mold piece that can be three-dimensional (3D) printed, injection molded, or machined. Alignment frame 324 can provide high accuracy in lead spacing (eg, the distance between adjacent leads), which supports lead frame design that achieves high accuracy alignment of contacts to PCB pads. In addition to the configuration in which the alignment frame itself holds the leads, alignment or keying features that engage alignment holes in the PCBs ensure high-accuracy alignment of the leads and pads.

Referring to FIG. 3C , view 306 illustrates a back side or under side of a first PCB and a second PCB when engaged by a connector. The screw holes 340 may be holes in PCBs that allow the use of screws, which may or may not have spacers or standoffs, depending on the system design. In one example, the screw holes 340 are metal lined to connect to a ground plane in PCBs, illustrated as vias 342 to indicate electrical connection of the screw holes to a ground plane in boards. has been

Grounding the screw holes to the PCB ground planes has the advantage of ensuring good grounding as well as providing a good electrical ground and a thermal path for heat from the connector. Alignment keys 312 are filled with posts or tabs from alignment frame 324 that align and engage with holes in the PCBs. As previously mentioned, the posts in the connector may be offset relative to the center of the lead frame, or may be centered in the center of the lead frame. The alignment features of the alignment frame 324 may include a first pair of posts that mate with a first pair of alignment holes on a first PCB and a second pair of posts that mate with a second pair of alignment holes on a second PCB.

Referring to FIG. 3D , view 308 illustrates the complete connector, with cover 350 enclosing alignment frame 324 , which in turn encloses alignment frame 324 , enclosing lead frame 320 . Cover 350 includes screw holes 352 for receiving screws 316 . The screw holes 352 allow the screws 316 to be inserted through the connector and, when engaged with threads (eg, a standoff on boards or a standoff on a chassis), attach the connector to the first PCB and second PCB. Shows the features in cover 350 that will hold against the PCB. Retaining the connector against the PCBs may also act to hold the PCBs with the connector.

In one example, cover 350 includes pleat features 354 . Pleated features 354 represent recessed features with alternating peak surfaces in the cover to improve structural rigidity. Wrinkles reduce the likelihood of folds or creases in an axis orthogonal to the alignment of the folds. Accordingly, the screws 316 are on either side of the crimp features, and a crimp longitudinally across the rectangular contour of the connector can increase stiffness across the connection from one screw pair to another.

In one example, cover 350 , which may alternatively be referred to as a case or top shield, is electrically conductive. In one example, cover 350 is metallic or metallic, and the material is selected to provide thermal conductivity as well as electrical conductivity. Because cover 350 provides an electromagnetic frequency (EMF) shield over the signal lines or leads of lead frame 320 , grounding the connector through cover 350 may provide improved signal integrity. Grounding the ground bar 322 and ground pins to the cover 350 may improve signal integrity and noise suppression.

In one example, screws 316 and standoffs 314 are selected from a metallic material that provides high thermal and electrical conductivity, which when engaged with cover 350 provides a good thermal and electrical path to the connector. can provide

A connector comprising a lead frame 320 , an alignment frame 324 , and a cover 350 provides a connector architecture for connecting add-in cards in a computer system. First published in December 2013, the PCI-SIG M.2 standard available from the Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group (PCI-SIG) includes peripheral component interconnect (PCI), mini serial advanced technology attachment (mSATA), and universal Serial bus) and connection standards for connected modules greatly reduce the z-axis or height of the systems. PCI-SIG M.2 includes contacts or pads on both sides of the board, which may be a limiting factor for height in emerging computing devices. The M.2 standard is limited to a height of 2.4 mm, or even 2.75 mm for high-speed PCIe 4 (PCI express generation 4) connectors. A connector according to views 302 , 304 , 306 and 308 may provide a total connector height of 1.3 mm.

Grounding options make it possible to keep the same height even on high-speed signaling connections. Thus, the connector can provide an ultra-low profile interconnect to WiFi, Bluetooth, WWAN, SSD modules, or other peripheral modules. Simple post PCB processing installation of modules with the described connector can enable very thin form factor computing systems without increasing the total system development cost for different system configurations. The connector may enable the use of modules that are already emissions compliant, reducing or eliminating the need to test for electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise for different system configurations.

4A-4C are block diagrams of an example of securing an add-in board to a motherboard with an inline USM connector. These diagrams illustrate the combination of a connector according to the example of views 302 , 304 , 306 and 308 and an example of a PCB configuration according to views 202 , 204 and 206 .

Referring to FIG. 4A , a view 402 illustrates a motherboard 410 and an add-in 420 representing the two PCBs to be connected. Motherboard 410 includes pads 412 and add-in 420 includes pads 422 . Alignment holes 434 on motherboard 410 and add-in 420 provide keying for connector 430 .

Connector 430 includes screw holes 432 for receiving screws 440 . The connector 430 rests on or over the standoffs 436 on the motherboard 410 and the add-in 420 to connect the screw holes 432 in the connector 430 to the motherboard 410 and the add-in. Align with corresponding screw holes or holes in phosphor 420 . Screws 440 secure connector 430 to motherboard 410 and add-in 420 , which allows the leads of connector 430 to interface with pads 412 and pads 422 .

Connector 430 may be considered a board-to-board connector. Although not visible in view 402 , connector 430 has a lead frame that provides electrical contact between pads 412 and pads 422 , an alignment frame that holds the lead frame and aligns with alignment holes 434 . , and an outer case or cover for accommodating the screws 440 and fixing the alignment frame and the lead frame.

Referring to FIG. 4B , view 404 illustrates connector 430 that engages motherboard 410 and add-in 420 with screws 440 . More specifically, the screws are identified in view 404 as screws 442 and screws 444 . The screws 442 may be referred to as one screw pair for fixing one side of the connector 430 . It will be observed that the connector 430 has a generally rectangular outline with pairs of screws at opposite short edges of the connector. Screws 442 are on one short edge of the connector and screws 444 are on the other short edge of connector 430 .

For the screws 442 , one of the screws is connected to the motherboard 410 and the other is connected to the add-in 420 . Similarly, for screws 444 , one of the screws is connected to motherboard 410 and the other is connected to add-in 420 . The screws 442 may be considered one screw pair at one end of the row of leads of the connector 430 , and the screws 444 will be considered another screw pair at the other end of the row of leads.

In one example, add-in 420 includes screw holes 424 that will receive screws (not shown) securing add-in 420 to a system chassis (not shown). In view 404 , add-in 420 includes screw holes that receive one of screws 442 and one of screws 444 in the holes closest to motherboard 410 . The add-in 420 is a far end of the board from the motherboard 410 to accommodate additional screws that secure the back end of the add-in 420 to the system chassis for additional structural support. end) also includes screw holes 424 .

Referring to FIG. 4C , view 406 represents a cut-away view of connector 430 illustrating the connection of the connector to boards. In one example, motherboard 410 and add-in 420 include vias 450 in the boards, the holes in the board being lined with conductors and electrically connected to the ground planes of the respective boards. In one example, standoffs 436 are soldered to vias 450 . Accordingly, the standoffs 436 are grounded to the boards.

Screws 442 are shown secured to standoffs 436 in a cutaway view. Screws 444 are also shown to secure the other end of connector 430 to motherboard 410 and add-in 420 . View 406 illustrates pleat features 460 in connector 430 that increase the stiffness of the connector in an axis orthogonal to bridging of the leads of connector 430 .

Screws 442 and screws 444 may provide a strong and secure connector to add-in 420 and motherboard 410 . When the standoffs 436 are grounded and the screws are electrically and thermally conductive, the screws 442 and screws 444 provide thermal and electrical grounding between the systems of the motherboard 410 and the add-in 420 . Add a strong conduit for Ground connector 430 may provide improved signal integrity because the metal shield, cover, or case enclosing the signal lines of the connector, which should contain EMI, is grounded.

5A is a cut-away diagram of an example of an inline USM connector. View 500 illustrates a cutaway view of connector 530 connecting PCB 510 to PCB 520 . The PCB 510 may be a motherboard or an add-in card. PCB 520 is an add-in card.

Connector 530 is represented by features surrounded by dashed lines. Connector 530 includes leads 532 . Although not specifically labeled, it will be observed that lead 532 includes one foot for contact pads on PCB 510 and another foot for contact pads on PCB 520 . View 500 illustrates a lead 532 having a curved shape, which can provide a spring force when connector 530 is secured by screws (not shown). More specifically, the leads 532 may be implemented as an arcuate spring having a slight flex due to the force applied from the cover 550 , and the leads 532 have the same opposite force. ) against it. Thus, securing the cover 550 to the PCBs applies a force to the leads 532 to push the contact points of the leads into contact with the pads on the PCBs when the connector 530 is secured with the screws. A force on leads 532 applied by the connector may displace the arcuate shape by approximately 0.15 mm.

In one example, leads 532 include arms extending laterally from a midpoint to a foot that makes physical and electrical contact with the signal pad. In one example, leads 532 include arms that extend vertically upwards around a central region. When the springs of the leads 532 engage, the vertically extending arms will tend to pinch towards the center. In one example, connector 530 includes a ground bar 534 that runs halfway down between the vertical arms of leads 532 . It will be appreciated that ground bar 534 includes tabs extending down between the vertical arms so that the leads are selectively contacted and does not include tabs so that the signal lines are not connected to ground. The spring action of the leads 532 may act to ensure safe physical and electrical contact between the ground leads and the ground bar 534 .

The connector 530 includes a frame 540 , which is shown in a cutaway view as two separate pieces. In practice, frame 540 may preferably be one solid piece, but may be implemented as two separate pieces. Frame 540 secures leads 532 . In one example, frame 540 includes post 542 and post 544 , which post represent posts or tabs or extensions of the frame that extend into or through PCBs. Post 542 represents a keying feature pair that aligns with keying holes in PCB 510 . Post 544 represents a keying feature pair that aligns with keying holes in PCB 520 .

The connector 530 includes a cover 550 that encloses the leads and frame 540 . Connector 530 includes screw holes (not shown) that secure the connector to PCB 510 and PCB 520 . In one example, cover 550 includes pleat features 552 as reinforcing features. The pleats 552 allow the cover 550 to withstand the stress of the spring action force of the leads 532 .

View 500 illustrates vias 512 in PCB 510 and vias 522 in PCB 520 . Vias 512 and vias 522 represent electrical vias that connect signal line pads on the PCBs to connect to a ground plane on the respective PCBs. Accordingly, the ground leads may be connected to a ground plane through pads on the surfaces of the PCBs, to a ground plane via vias, and also to a cover 550 , which also may be connected to a ground plane via screws. It can be connected to the faces.

5B is a diagram of an example of an inline USM connector connected to a system chassis. View 560 illustrates a view of connector 530 with screws 536 securing the connector to PCB 510 and PCB 520 .

In one example, connector 530 is secured to PCB 510 and PCB 520 via standoffs which are threaded or threaded to enable securing the connector with screws. View 560 illustrates screws 536 extending through connector 530 and through PCB 510 for connection to chassis 570 . Screws 536 also extend through connector 530 and through PCB 520 for connection to chassis 570 . Although not shown in view 560 , screws 536 may be connected to chassis 570 via spacers.

Chassis 570 represents a chassis or system enclosure for a computing system in which PCB 510 and PCB 520 are integrated. In one example, chassis 570 includes posts 572 that extend upwardly from an interior surface of chassis 570 for interconnection with screws 536 . Posts 572 should be distinguished from posts that extend down from frame 540 to key the alignment holes. Posts 572 are illustrated as having matching threads with screws 536 . It will be appreciated that the threads on the interior of the screws 536 and posts 572 are not necessarily to scale. The relative heights and proportions of the other components are also not necessarily to scale.

In one example, the posts include metal rings extending into through holes in PCB 510 and PCB 520 . Accordingly, the PCBs may rest on the posts, with through holes aligned to the posts 572 and resting on a lip around the posts 572 . The screws 536 may then fix the connector 530 and the PCB 510 and PCB 520 to the posts.

6 is an example representation of an inline USM connector with offset keying features. The connector 600 is illustrated from a top view, side views, and a bottom view.

The connector 600 includes screw holes 610 that receive screws that secure the connector to the PCBs. The side and bottom views illustrate the leads 620 extending below the bottom surface of the connector to contact pads on the PCBs to be connected. The side and bottom views also illustrate posts 630 representing alignment features of connector 600 . They extend from the bottom of the connector 600 to extend into the alignment holes of the boards to be connected.

The top view illustrates a dashed line to indicate that board 1 will connect to the upper half (as oriented in the diagram) of connector 600 and board 2 to connect to the lower half. It will be observed from the side and bottom views of the long edge of the connector 600 that the posts 630 can be offset with respect to the center of the electrical leads.

In a side view of the short edge of connector 600 , it can be seen that board 1 and board 2 will be connected at symmetrical distances with respect to the electrical pads and alignment holes. Symmetry between the leads is not necessarily required. Symmetry between alignment features is not necessarily required. An example of an asymmetric design is provided below with respect to FIG. 8 .

It will be understood that the connector 600 is just one example, and that differences in shape, pleats, shape and size of pleats, contours of the connector case, and other differences are possible. Moreover, examples of dimensions are provided, which are examples and may be varied proportionally or in a manner that changes the ratio or ratio of connector dimensions. Accordingly, there are only non-limiting examples.

Consider the dimensions for the 50 pin connector 600 . For 30-pin, 40-pin or 60-pin connectors, the dimensions can vary proportionally along the x-axis. In one example, the x dimension (eg, length) may be approximately 29-30 mm, such as 29.3 mm or 29.8 mm. The y dimension (eg, width) may be approximately 8-10 mm, such as 8.0 mm or 9.5 mm. The z dimension (eg, height) may be approximately 1-1.5 mm, such as 1.2 mm or 1.3 mm. For a 50 pin configuration, the connector 600 may have a pitch of approximately 0.4 mm between the pins or contacts. The dimension between the points of leads 620 may be approximately 5 to 5.5 mm, such as 5.0 mm or 5.3 mm. The dimension between posts 630 along the y axis may be approximately 7 to 7.5 mm, such as 7.1 mm or 7.25 mm. The dimension between the posts 630 along the x axis may be approximately 12 mm, such as 11.9 mm. The dimension between screw holes along the y axis may be approximately 4.5 to 5.0 mm, such as 4.5 mm or 4.8 mm, and the dimension between screw holes along the x axis is approximately 25 to 26, such as 25.1 or 25.7 mm. mm may be.

7A and 7B are diagrams of an example of an inline USM connector connected to different electrical pads by inverting the USM connector. Connector 700 illustrates an asymmetric connector. Asymmetry can be useful for adapting the connector to different types of add-in boards.

Referring to FIG. 7A , a connector 700 is illustrated and described. The outline of the connector 700 is illustrated as generally rectangular, with shorter edges and longer edges. Screw holes, alignment features, and leads are illustrated to illustrate the ability of connector 700 to be used reversibly. A view may be considered to be looking at the top of the connector and through the connector up to the relevant features for discussion herein.

Connector 700 includes tabs 752 and tabs 754 , which represent alignment features extending from the connector that mate with alignment holes of the boards to be connected. The connector 700 includes screw holes 742 and screw holes 744 that receive mounting screws that secure the connector to the boards. The tabs are labeled as mating pairs either in the longitudinal direction or along the long edge of the connector 700 , each pair being connected to a different board. The screw holes are labeled as mating pairs along the short edge of the connector 700 , each pair connecting the two boards together.

Referring to FIG. 7B , an intermediate diagram illustrates board layouts for PCB 710 and optional layouts for PCB 720 . The PCB 710 , as illustrated, includes two rows of pads, one row closer to the edge of the PCB 710 and the other row further away from the edge. PCB 720 includes one row of pads, either closer to the edge of PCB 720 or further away from the edge of PCB 720 , but not both rows. Thus, PCB 710 includes rows of both pads and PCB 720 includes rows of pads on one side or rows of pads on the other.

In orientation 702 , connector 700 will connect rows of pads further away from the edge of PCB 710 to PCB 720 having rows of pads closer to the edge. In orientation 704 , connector 700 is rotated 180 degrees to connect a row of pads closer to the edge of PCB 710 to PCB 720 having a row of pads further away from the edge.

The dark dashed lines illustrate that, in both orientations, the screw holes 742 and the screw holes 744 are aligned with the screw holes in the PCB 710 and the PCB 720 along the long axis of the connector 700 . do. To describe the orientation of connector 700 , the screw holes in PCB 720 and PCB 710 on one side of leads 730 are designated screw holes 712 , and The screw holes on the opposite side are designated screw holes 714 .

In orientation 702 , screw holes 742 of connector 700 are aligned with screw holes 712 and screw holes 744 are aligned with screw holes 714 . In orientation 704 , connector 700 is rotated and screw holes 744 are aligned with screw holes 712 and screw holes 742 are aligned with screw holes 714 .

Additionally, in orientation 702 , tabs 752 are aligned with holes 764 in PCB 710 and tabs 754 are aligned with holes 768 in PCB 720 . In orientation 704 , tabs 752 are aligned with holes 766 in PCB 720 and tabs 754 are aligned with holes 762 in PCB 710 . In one example, tabs 752 and tabs 754 are symmetrically spaced about the center of leads 730 . In an alternative implementation, the tabs may be offset from the center but not aligned with each other. Thus, if the tabs 752 are offset towards the screw holes 742 , the tabs 754 will be offset towards the screw holes 744 by the same amount. Corresponding holes in the PCBs will need to be adjusted to match the tap offsets.

8 is an example representation of an inline USM connector connected to different rows of electrical pads by reversing connector orientation. The connector 800 is illustrated from perspective, top, and side views.

The connector 800 includes screw holes 810 that receive screws that secure the connector to the PCBs. The side views illustrate the leads 820 extending below the bottom surface of the connector to contact pads on the PCBs to be connected. The side views also illustrate posts 830 representing alignment features of connector 800 . They extend from the bottom of the connector 800 to extend into the alignment holes of the boards to be connected.

The top view illustrates a dashed line to indicate that board 1 will connect to the upper half (as oriented in the diagram) of connector 800 and board 2 to connect to the lower half. It will be observed from a side view of the short edge of the connector 800 that the posts 830 can be offset relative to the center of the connector 800 by an offset 840 .

In a side view of the long edge of the connector 600 , it can be seen that the posts 830 may be symmetrical with respect to the leads 820 . As described above, the posts 830 are not necessarily symmetrical with respect to the leads, as long as the posts 830 have the same offset when the connector 800 is rotated by 180 degrees.

It will be appreciated that the connector 800 is just one example, and that differences in shape, pleats, shape and size of pleats, contours of the connector case, and other differences are possible. Moreover, examples of dimensions are provided, which are examples and may be varied proportionally or in a manner that changes the ratio or ratio of connector dimensions. Accordingly, there are only non-limiting examples.

In one example, connector 800 illustrates an example of a 40 pin connector. The dimensions may vary proportionally for different lead numbers, such as 30 pin, 50 pin or 60 pin connectors. In one example, the x dimension (eg, length) may be approximately 25-30 mm, such as 26.0 mm. The y dimension (eg, width) may be approximately 10 to 12 mm, such as 10.75 mm. The z dimension (eg, height) may be approximately 1-1.5 mm, such as 1.2 mm or 1.3 mm. For a 40 pin configuration, the connector 800 may have a pitch of approximately 0.4 mm between the pins or contacts. The dimension between the points of leads 820 may be approximately 4-5 mm, such as 4.3 mm. The dimension between the posts 830 along the y axis may be approximately 6-7 mm, such as 6.5 mm. The dimension between posts 830 along the x axis may be approximately 10-15 mm, such as 13 mm. The dimension between the screw holes along the y axis may be approximately 4 to 6 mm, such as 5.0 mm, and the dimension between the screw holes along the x axis may be approximately 20 to 24 mm, such as 21.25 mm.

9 is an example of a layout of boards connected by a USM connector. Diagram 900 more specifically illustrates the overlay of leads or contacts from the connector over the layout of signal pads for a system using a USM connector. The layout excludes alignment holes that may change the routing of ground vias or signal lines or both ground vias and signal lines.

Diagram 900 illustrates the connection of 26 signal lines. Some implementations will include more signal lines. Other implementations may have fewer signal lines. The basic characteristics of the connector do not change regardless of the number of signal lines. However, the example below provides an example of ground improvement for a system with a large number of signals to connect.

The PCB 910 represents a first PCB connected to the PCB 920 as a second PCB. PCBs are connected end-to-end or edge-to-edge. PCB 910 includes pads 912 representing pads coupled to signal lines, such as TX0, RX0, TX1, RX1, TX2 and RX2. Corresponding signal lines of PCB 920 are not illustrated, but pass-through characteristics of the signals will be understood from diagram 900 . PCB 920 includes pads 922 that are connected to pads 912 through leads 930 of a connector (not explicitly shown).

PCB 910 includes ground (GND) vias 914 representing connections of signal lines to a ground plane of PCB 910 . Similarly, PCB 920 includes ground (GND) vias 924 representing connections of signal lines to a ground plane of PCB 920 . It will be understood that a signal is represented as differential signaling in which a signal and its complement are transmitted over parallel wires or signal lines. Differential signals can improve signal integrity in high-speed signal signaling. Using two ground signal lines between each differential pair can further improve signal integrity. Such a layout is not necessary.

In addition to being grounded via ground vias, in one example, the ground signal lines of leads 930 are connected to a ground (GND) bar 940 illustrating ground (GND) contacts 942 for ground signal lines. can be grounded. As described above, the ground bar 940 may be connected to a conductive cover for the connector, which is then grounded via mounting screws.

10A and 10B illustrate an example of a system ruler board having an inline USM connector and a top mount USM connector. Board 1010 represents a system board that is a ruler board configuration where one dimension is significantly longer than the other. Assuming component 1012 represents the system processor or host processor SOC for board 1010 , one dimension of board 1010 is not significantly larger than the dimensions of the processor and another dimension of board 1010 is significantly larger. large can be observed.

10A illustrates a perspective view 1002 of a board 1010 and components on and connected to the board. View 1002 shows the relative dimensions of board 1010 . Board 1010 includes components 1014 that are components other than the system processor. There may be any number of components in any configuration for a particular implementation of board 1010 .

In one example, the system includes a USMi 1042 representing an inline low profile connector that connects the board 1040 to the board 1010 . Board 1010 includes one or more components 1044 that provide the functionality of an add-in board. In the system view 1002 , the board 1040 is connected to one end of the board 1010 across the short dimension.

In one example, the system includes a USMi 1032 representing an inline low profile connector that connects the board 1030 to the other end of the board 1010 opposite the end to which the board 1040 is connected. Board 1030 includes one or more components 1034 mounted thereon to provide functionality to board 1010 .

In one example, the system includes a USMt 1022 representing a top mount low profile connector that connects the board 1020 to the board 1010 . In one example, board 1020 rests on or contacts board 1010 . In an alternative example, the board 1020 may be mounted over the top of the board 1030 with a connector (USMt) 1022 having a higher vertical offset between the two sides. Board 1020 includes one or more components 1024 mounted on board 1020 . In one example, board 1020 is secured to board 1010 via USMt 1022 and screws 1026 .

10B illustrates view 1004 , which is a side view of view 1002 , showing only the end of board 1010 with board 1020 and board 1030 connected to board 1010 . In view 1004 , it can be seen that board 1020 rests against board 1010 when connected to USMt 1022 . In contrast to the board 1020 , which rests against the board 1010 , the board 1030 is in-line or coplanar with the board 1010 that connects to the USMi 1032 .

Dark areas within USMi 1032 indicate contacts or leads to inline connectors. The lead is identified as beam contact 1050 . Beam contact refers to a side view profile of a lid, illustrating one or more supports in the middle of the lid and arms extending to either side of the intermediate support.

Dark areas within USMt 1022 indicate contacts or leads to top mount connectors. The leads are identified as offset beam contacts 1070 . The offset beam contact has a lateral profile similar to that of a straight beam contact, with one of the arms being vertically offset with respect to the other arm. The vertical offset of the arms will reflect the vertical offset of the top mount connector, and the vertical difference between the surfaces of the two boards to be connected. Offset beam contact 1070 may alternatively be referred to as a dual beam contact, which refers to different arms that are different beams extending from central supports of the contact.

10C is an example of a beam contact for an inline USM connector. Beam junction 1050 is a closer view of the junction along the shaded area in USMi 1032 from view 1004 . It can be observed that the shaded area in FIG. 10B has two supports in the middle, whereas the beam contact 1050 in FIG. 10C illustrates only a single contact. A beam contact or lead for an inline connector may include a single center support or multiple center supports.

The beam contact 1050 has a support 1056 at the center of the contact, an arm 1052 having an arcuate shape extending in one direction away from the support 1056 , and an arcuate shape extending in the other direction away from the support 1056 . Illustrated arm 1054 with Arm 1052 includes a foot 1062 that is the portion of a contact that will rest on a pad on the surface of the first board to be connected. Arm 1054 includes a foot 1064 that is the portion of a contact that will rest on a pad on the surface of the second board to be connected. It will be understood that the "first" board and the "second" board are relative and that these designations can be reversed.

Arm 1052 and arm 1054 include arcuate shapes, with a curvature from support 1056 to foot 1062 and from support 1056 to foot 1064 , respectively. The curvature may cause the beam contact 1050 to bend. The flexion provides pressure to the foot 1062 and the foot 1064 to keep the feet in contact with their respective pads. Bending is created by the downward force applied when the screws secure the connector to the boards.

10D is an example of a beam contact for a top mount USM connector. Offset beam junction 1070 is a closer view of the junction along the dark region in USMt 1022 from view 1004 . It can be observed that the dark area in FIG. 10B has two supports in the middle, like the offset beam contact 1070 in FIG. 10D . An offset beam contact or lead for a top mount connector may include a single center support or multiple center supports.

The offset beam contact 1070 illustrates the support 1076 at the center of the contact, the arm 1072 having an arcuate shape and extending away from the support 1076 . A shorter support 1076 is connected to an arm 1072 that will be connected to a board having a higher vertical position. The offset beam contact 1070 illustrates the support 1078 at the center of the contact, the arm 1074 having an arcuate shape and extending away from the support 1078 . The longer support 1078 is connected to an arm 1074 that will be connected to a board having a lower vertical position. In one example, support 1078 is thicker than support 1076 , which may allow the support to better transmit force from the connector down an additional vertical distance to arm 1074 .

Arm 1072 includes a foot 1082 that is the portion of a contact that will rest on a pad on the surface of the first board to be connected. Arm 1074 includes a foot 1084 that is the portion of a contact that will rest on a pad on the surface of the second board to be connected. It will be understood that the "first" board and the "second" board are relative and that these designations can be reversed.

Arm 1072 and arm 1074 include arcuate shapes, with a curvature from support 1076 to foot 1082 and from support 1078 to foot 1084 , respectively. The curvature allows the offset beam contact 1070 to bend, and more specifically, allows each arm to bend. The flexion provides pressure to the foot 1082 and the foot 1084 to keep the feet in contact with their respective pads. Bending is created by the downward force applied when the screws secure the connector to the boards.

The offset 1080 represents the vertical offset between the boards to be connected with the connector with the offset beam contact 1070 . It will be observed by the dashed lines and dashed arrows that the offset to boards 1080 may match the offset to arm 1072 and arm 1074 . Retaining the arms to have the same relative shape can maintain the same relative flexural properties by adjusting the central support or supports to properly direct the force of the connector to the beams.

11A is an example of an add-in board with a top mount USM connector. System 1100 illustrates an example of an add-in board that connects to a system board or other add-in board with a top mount low profile connector. Board 1110 represents the add-in board itself, and connector 1130 represents a top mount connector.

Board 1110 includes one or more components 1120 mounted on the board. In one example, an element within system 1100 identified as component 1120 represents a shield or covering for multiple components mounted on board 1110 . A shield or cover may be a requirement for compliance with electromagnetic interference regulations. The presence of such a shield illustrates another advantage over the described connectors in that the connectors may include a grounded conductive shield or case that will reduce noise for high-speed signaling to/from an add-in board.

A screw hole 1112 in the board 1110 represents a hole that receives a mounting screw that is connected to the board without being directly connected to the connector 1130 . The screw holes 1132 represent screw holes in the connector 1130 for receiving screws. The mounting screws for the connector may be specifically referred to as connector screws, which secure the connector on one side to the first board and the connector on the other side to the second board. The second board is not specifically illustrated in system 1100 . The screw 1140 indicates a screw for fixing the connector to the add-in board 1110 . Screw holes for screws to the system board, receiver board, or carrier board are not shown in system 1100 .

In one example, the features of the connector 1130 will be the same or nearly identical to a similar inline board, except for features that allow for vertical differences between the two sides of the connector. In one example, the connector 1130 includes a corrugation 1134 . Examples of dimensions provided above with respect to connector 600 may provide examples of dimensions for connector 1130 , with the exception of the z-axis dimension. The z-axis dimension may be different for different configurations of connector 1130 , such as described in the examples of FIGS. 12-18 . In these examples, the dimensions of the components are not necessarily all drawn to scale.

The system 1100 illustrates an offset 1150 representing an offset between the add-in side of the connector 1130 and the receiver board side of the connector 1130 . The offset in system 1100 is simply the thickness of board 1110 . In other configurations, the offset will be higher.

11B is an example of a contact for a top mount USM connector. The offset beam contact 1070 of FIG. 10D provides an example of a USMt contact. View 1102 provides a view of system 1100 with an alternative implementation of a USMt junction. View 1102 illustrates board 1110 over system board 1160 . The connector 1130 connects the board 1110 to the system board 1160 .

View 1102 includes contacts 1170 that provide electrical contact between pads on board 1110 and pads on system board 1160 . In one example, the contact 1170 includes an arm 1172 extending curved upward from the middle of the connector 1130 to the pads of the board 1110 . In one example, the contact 1170 includes an arm 1174 that curves down from the middle of the connector 1130 to the pads of the system board 1160 . In one example, the middle of connector 1130 includes one or more supports 1176 . The supports may connect the arms of the contact 1170 to a mechanical structure (eg, a lead frame) of the connector 1130 .

12 is an example of a system configuration in which the add-in board has a top mount USM connector in direct contact with the system board. System 1200 represents an example of a system having a top mount connector. The carrier board 1210 represents a board to which an add-in board is connected, such as a system board, a motherboard, or other add-in board.

Module 1220 represents an add-in board having one or more components 1230 mounted on the module board. USMt 1240 represents a top mount connector that connects module 1220 to carrier board 1210 . Screw 1252 represents the screw at the “rear” end of module 1220 , which is the end of module 1220 opposite USMt 1240 . The screw 1252 has a head secured to the PCB of the module 1220 , with threads extending through the board of the module 1220 and into the carrier board 1210 .

Screw 1254 represents a screw that secures USMt 1240 to module 1220 . The screw 1256 represents a screw that secures the USMt 1240 to the carrier board 1210 . In one example, the screw 1254 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1254 extend into module 1220 but not into carrier board 1210 . In one example, the screw 1256 has a head that rests within a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole.

The height (identified as the z dimension) may depend on the thickness of the board of module 1220 . For example, for a 0.6 mm PCB for module 1220 , USMt 1240 may have a height z of approximately 2.0 mm. As another example, for a 0.8 mm PCB for module 1220 , USMt 1240 may have a height z of approximately 2.2 mm.

13 is an example of a system configuration with a top mount USM connector with a height offset between the add in board and the system board to allow spacing for components on the add in board. System 1300 represents an example of a system having a top mount connector. The carrier board 1310 represents a board to which an add-in board can be connected, such as a system board, a motherboard, or other add-in board.

Module 1320 represents an add-in board having one or more components 1330 mounted on the module board on a surface that includes pads or contacts to which the USMt 1340 will be connected. USMt 1340 represents a top mount connector that connects module 1320 to carrier board 1310 . In one example, module 1320 includes one or more components 1370 on a module board on a surface opposite the surface that includes the pads or contacts. Considering the surface of the module 1320 having pads that will be the “top” surface, the module includes components 1330 on the top surface and components 1370 on the bottom surface.

Screw 1352 represents the screw at the “rear” end of module 1320 , which is the end of module 1320 opposite USMt 1340 . The screw 1352 has a head secured to the PCB of the module 1320 , with threads extending through the board of the module 1320 and into the carrier board 1310 . In one example, the system 1300 includes a spacer or standoff 1360 bridging the gap between the carrier board 1310 and the board of the module 1320 . The standoff may fit into the screw hole.

Screw 1354 represents a screw that secures USMt 1340 to module 1320 . The screw 1356 represents a screw that secures the USMt 1340 to the carrier board 1310 . In one example, the screw 1354 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1354 extend into module 1320 but not to the other side. In one example, the screw 1356 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole.

In one example, USMt 1340 includes footing 1342 , which may alternatively be referred to as a base or support. Footing 1342 represents the structure of USMt 1340 that provides structural support for module 1320 when connecting module 1320 to carrier board 1310 . When module 1320 is supported at one end by screws 1352 secured to carrier board 1310 via standoffs 1360 and at the other end by USMt 1340, screw 1354 This can put significant stress on the board. Footing 1342 extends USMt 1340 down the end or edge of module 1320 that interfaces with USMt 1340 . Using the footing 1342 , the USMt 1340 can contact the opposite surface as well as the surface of the module 1320 with the pads, as well as the edge of the module board connecting the two surfaces. The footing 1342 may include a ledge or extension that extends under the module 1320 to enable a place for the edge of the board to rest or contact, which applies a force to the physical contact of the board edge with the connector. Reduces the force applied to the board by the screw 1354 by transferring it.

In one example, the USMt 1340 is tall enough to leave an air gap 1372 between the carrier board 1310 and the component 1370 mounted on the module 1320 . In one example, instead of leaving an air gap, the space can be occupied with a material that provides electrical insulation and thermal conductivity. Air gap 1372 can be any amount of space suitable for the system architecture. In one example, the air gap 1372 is approximately 0.3 mm.

The height of the USMt 1340 (identified as the z dimension) may depend on the thickness of the board of the module 1320 and how much space is left under the module. For example, for a 0.6 mm PCB for module 1320, USMt 1340 may have a height z of approximately 3.3 mm for spacing for components having a height of approximately 1.0 mm. As another example, for a 0.8 mm PCB for module 1320 , USMt 1340 may have a height z of approximately 3.5 mm for spacing for components having a height of approximately 1.0 mm. As another example, for a 0.6 mm PCB for module 1320 , USMt 1340 may have a height z of approximately 3.8 mm for spacing for components having a height of approximately 1.5 mm. As another example, for a 0.8 mm PCB for module 1320 , USMt 1340 may have a height z of approximately 4.0 mm for spacing for components having a height of approximately 1.5 mm.

14A is an example of a system configuration with a top mount USM connector with a height offset between the add in board and the system board to allow spacing for components on the system board. System 1400 represents an example of a system having a top mount connector. The carrier board 1410 represents a board to which an add-in board may be connected, such as a system board, motherboard, or other add-in board.

Module 1420 represents an add-in board having one or more components 1430 mounted on the module board on a surface that includes the pads or contacts to which the USMt 1440 will be connected. USMt 1440 represents a top mount connector that connects module 1420 to carrier board 1410 . In one example, carrier board 1410 includes one or more components 1480 to be mounted on a carrier board below module 1420 .

Screw 1452 represents the screw at the “rear” end of module 1420 , which is the end of module 1420 opposite USMt 1440 . The screw 1452 has a head secured to the PCB of the module 1420 , with threads extending through the board of the module 1420 and into the carrier board 1410 . In one example, the system 1400 includes a spacer or standoff 1460 that bridges the gap between the carrier board 1410 and the board of the module 1420 .

Screw 1454 represents the screw that secures USMt 1440 to module 1420 . Screw 1456 represents a screw that secures USMt 1440 to carrier board 1410 . In one example, the screw 1454 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1454 extend into module 1420 but not to the other side. In one example, the screw 1456 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole.

In one example, USMt 1440 includes footing 1442 , which may alternatively be referred to as a base or support. Footing 1442 represents the structure of USMt 1340 that provides structural support for module 1420 when connecting module 1420 to carrier board 1410 . When module 1420 is supported at one end by screws 1452 secured to carrier board 1410 via standoffs 1460 and at the other end by USMt 1440, screw 1454 This can put significant stress on the board. Footing 1442 extends USMt 1440 below the end or edge of module 1420 that interfaces with USMt 1440 . Using the footing 1442 , the USMt 1440 can contact the opposite surface as well as the surface of the module 1420 with pads 1420 , as well as the edge of the module board connecting the two surfaces. The footing 1442 may include a protrusion or extension that extends under the module 1420 to enable a location where the edge of the board will rest or contact, which may be used to transmit a force to the physical contact of the board edge with the connector. reduces the force applied to the board by the screw 1454 by the

In one example, footing 1442 extends stepwise within USMt 1440 . Footing 1442 may be an alternative footing design to footing 1342 of system 1300 . The footing 1442 has a portion below the structure and the module board that extends away from the module board towards the system board. The footing 1342 has a portion below the module board and structure that extends from below the module board towards the system board. Although the footing 1342 is illustrated as having a beveled edge and the footing 1442 is illustrated as stepped, in alternative versions of the footings, either footing may be sloped and either footing may be stepped. can

In one example, considering that the surface of module 1420 having pads and component 1430 is the top of the module, USMt 1440 is component 1480 and module 1420 mounted on carrier board 1410 . ) of sufficient height to leave an air gap 1482 between the bottoms. In one example, instead of leaving an air gap, the space can be occupied with a material that provides electrical insulation and thermal conductivity. Air gap 1482 may be any amount of space suitable for the system architecture. In one example, the air gap 1482 is approximately 0.3 mm.

The height of the USMt 1440 (identified as the z dimension) may depend on the thickness of the board of the module 1420 and how much space is left under the module. For example, for a 0.6 mm PCB for module 1420, USMt 1440 could have a height z of approximately 4.4 mm, which would provide separation for components having a height of approximately 2.1 mm. can As another example, for a 0.8 mm PCB for module 1420 , USMt 1440 may have a height z of approximately 4.4 mm for spacing for components having a height of approximately 1.9 mm.

14B is a representation of a top mount connector with stepped footings. View 1402 illustrates module 1420 coupled with USMt 1440 . Screws 1454 secure module 1420 to USMt 1440 . Screws 1456 secure USMt 1440 to the system board. Footing 1442 represents the structure of USMt 1440 that extends under module 1420 to provide additional structural support for module 1420 .

14C is a perspective view of the top mount connector of FIG. 14B ; View 1404 illustrates module 1420 supported on internal elements of USMt 1440 . The outer case of USMt 1440 with respect to view 1404 has been removed. Hole 1474 represents a hole that receives screws 1454 that secure module 1420 to USMt 1440 . View 1404 illustrates a screw 1456 . View 1404 illustrates a footing 1442 extending below module 1420 . View 1404 also illustrates support 1472 for footing 1442 . In one example, footing 1442 extends below USMt 1440 away from module 1420 . In one example, support 1472 includes a number of steps to provide a physical structure from the system board to the edge or end of module 1420 .

15 is an example of a system configuration having a top mount USM connector for mounting an add-in board on another add-in board in direct contact with the system board with another top-mount USM connector. System 1500 represents an example of a system having a top mount connector. The system board 1510 represents a board to which an add-in board, such as a main system board or a motherboard, can be connected. System 1500 represents two add-in boards coupled to system board 1510 .

Module 1520 represents a first add-in board having one or more components 1522 mounted on the module board. USMt 1540 represents a top mount connector that connects module 1520 to system board 1510 . Screw 1562 represents the screw at the “rear” end of module 1520 , which is the end of module 1520 opposite USMt 1540 . The screw 1562 has a head secured to the PCB of the module 1520 , with threads extending through the board of the module 1520 and into the system board 1510 .

Screw 1564 represents the screw that secures USMt 1540 to module 1520 . A screw 1566 represents a screw that secures the USMt 1540 to the system board 1510 . In one example, the screw 1564 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1564 extend into module 1520 but not into system board 1510 . In one example, the screw 1566 has a head that rests within a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole.

The height of the USMt 1540 (identified as the z1 dimension) may depend on the thickness of the board of the module 1520 . For example, for a 0.6 mm PCB for module 1520 , USMt 1540 may have a height z1 of approximately 2.0 mm. As another example, for a 0.8 mm PCB for module 1520 , USMt 1540 may have a height z1 of approximately 2.2 mm.

Module 1530 represents a second add-in board having one or more components 1532 mounted on the module board on a surface that includes pads or contacts to which the USMt 1550 will be connected. Module 1530 is mounted on top of module 1520 . USMt 1550 represents a top mount connector that connects module 1530 to system board 1510 above module 1520 .

Screw 1572 represents the screw at the “rear” end of module 1530 , which is the end of module 1530 opposite USMt 1550 . The screw 1572 has a head secured to the PCB of the module 1530 , with threads extending through the board of the module 1530 and into the system board 1510 . In one example, system 1500 includes a spacer or standoff 1512 bridging the gap between the board of module 1530 and system board 1510 .

Screw 1574 represents the screw that secures USMt 1550 to module 1530 . A screw 1576 represents a screw for fixing the USMt 1550 to the system board 1510 . In one example, the screw 1574 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1574 extend into module 1530 but not to the other side. In one example, the screw 1576 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole.

In one example, USMt 1550 includes footing 1552 , which may alternatively be referred to as a base or support. Footing 1552 represents the structure of USMt 1550 that provides structural support for module 1530 when connecting module 1530 to system board 1510 . When module 1530 is supported at one end by screws 1572 secured to system board 1510 via standoffs 1512 and at the other end by USMt 1550, screw 1574 This can put significant stress on the board. Footing 1552 extends USMt 1550 below the edge or end of module 1530 that interfaces with USMt 1550 . Using the footing 1552 , the USMt 1550 can contact the opposite surface as well as the surface of the module 1530 with the pads, as well as the edge of the module board connecting the two surfaces. The footing 1552 may include a protrusion or extension that extends under the module 1530 to enable a location where the edge of the board will rest or contact, which may be used to transmit a force to the physical contact of the board edge with the connector. reduces the force applied to the board by the screw 1574 by

In one example, considering that the surface of module 1530 with pads and component 1532 is the top of the module, USMt 1550 is positioned between component 1522 and USMt 1540 and the bottom of module 1530 . of sufficient height to leave an air gap 1580 in the In one example, instead of leaving an air gap, the space can be occupied with a material that provides electrical insulation and thermal conductivity. Air gap 1580 may be any amount of space suitable for the system architecture. In one example, the air gap 1580 is approximately 0.4 mm.

The height of the USMt 1550 (identified as the z2 dimension) may depend on the thickness of the module boards and how much space is left under the module 1530 . For example, for a 0.6 mm PCB for module 1530, USMt 1550 can have a height z2 of approximately 4.4 mm, resulting in a module 1520 with a board thickness of 0.6 mm and a thickness of approximately 1.4 mm. It is possible to provide a separation distance for components having a height.

16 is an example of a system configuration having a top mount USM connector for mounting an add-in board over another add-in board that directly contacts the system board with another top-mount USM connector, where both add-in boards are secured with a common mounting screw. . System 1600 provides an example of system 1500 of FIG. 15 in which two add-in boards share a board backside screw. Such a configuration may require extending the board dimensions of the upper add-in board, or may be more ideally suited to modules of different sizes that may naturally utilize sharing screws. Sharing screws can be beneficial not only in reducing the component count of the system, but also in reducing screw holes, allowing more board space for signal routing on the system board. A description of system 1600 is provided below for completeness.

System 1600 represents an example of a system having a top mount connector. The system board 1610 represents a board to which an add-in board can be connected, such as a main system board or a motherboard. System 1600 represents two add-in boards coupled to system board 1610 . Module 1620 represents a first add-in board having one or more components 1622 mounted on the module board. USMt 1640 represents a top mount connector that connects module 1620 to system board 1610 . Module 1620 shares screws 1672 with module 1630 without having a separate screw for the backside of the module.

Screw 1664 represents the screw that secures USMt 1640 to module 1620 . A screw 1666 represents a screw for fixing the USMt 1640 to the system board 1610 . In one example, the screw 1664 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1664 extend into module 1620 but not into system board 1610 . In one example, the screw 1666 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole.

The height of the USMt 1640 (identified as the z1 dimension) may depend on the thickness of the board of the module 1620 . For example, for a 0.6 mm PCB for module 1620 , USMt 1640 may have a height z1 of approximately 2.0 mm. As another example, for a 0.8 mm PCB for module 1620 , USMt 1640 may have a height z1 of approximately 2.2 mm.

Module 1630 represents a second add-in board having one or more components 1632 mounted on the module board on a surface that includes pads or contacts to which the USMt 1650 will be connected. Module 1630 is mounted on top of module 1620 . USMt 1650 represents a top mount connector that connects module 1630 to system board 1610 above module 1620 .

Screw 1672 represents the screw at the “rear” end of module 1630 , which is the end of module 1630 opposite USMt 1650 . The screw 1672 has a head secured to the PCB of the module 1630 , with threads extending through the board of the module 1630 , through the board of the module 1620 , and into the system board 1610 . In one example, system 1600 includes standoffs or spacers 1624 bridging the gap between the board of module 1630 and the board of module 1620 .

Screw 1674 represents the screw that secures USMt 1650 to module 1630 . Screw 1676 represents a screw that secures USMt 1650 to system board 1610 . In one example, the screw 1674 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1674 extend into module 1630 but not to the other side. In one example, the screw 1676 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole.

In one example, USMt 1650 includes footing 1652 , which may alternatively be referred to as a base or support. Footing 1652 represents the structure of USMt 1650 that provides structural support for module 1630 when connecting module 1630 to system board 1610 . When module 1630 is supported at one end by screws 1672 secured to system board 1610 via standoffs 1612 and at the other end by USMt 1650, screw 1674 This can put significant stress on the board. Footing 1652 extends USMt 1650 down the end or edge of module 1630 that interfaces with USMt 1650 . Using the footing 1652 , the USMt 1650 can contact the opposite surface as well as the surface of the module 1630 with the pads, as well as the edge of the module board connecting the two surfaces. The footing 1652 may include a protrusion or extension that extends under the module 1630 to enable a location where the edge of the board will rest or contact, which may be used to transmit a force to the physical contact of the board edge with the connector. reduces the force applied to the board by the screw 1674 by

In one example, given that the surface of module 1630 with pads and component 1632 is the top of the module, USMt 1650 is positioned between component 1622 and USMt 1640 and the bottom of module 1630 . of sufficient height to leave an air gap 1680 in the In one example, instead of leaving an air gap, the space can be occupied with a material that provides electrical insulation and thermal conductivity. Air gap 1680 can be any amount of space suitable for the system architecture. In one example, the air gap 1680 is approximately 0.4 mm.

In one example, moving module 1620 back to share screw 1672 with module 1630 may leave space for one or more components 1622 between USMt 1640 and USMt 1650 . . In one example, component 1622 may have a height of approximately 2.0 mm. Although the component 1622 need not be mounted on the system board 1610 , the additional space may enable the use of space below the module 1630 to mount additional system board components.

The height of the USMt 1650 (identified as the z2 dimension) may depend on the thickness of the module boards and how much space is left under the module 1630 . For example, for a 0.6 mm PCB for module 1630, USMt 1650 can have a height z2 of approximately 4.4 mm, resulting in a module 1620 with a board thickness of 0.6 mm and a thickness of approximately 1.4 mm. It is possible to provide a separation distance for components having a height.

17 is an example of a system configuration having an add-in board mounted to another add-in board with a top-mount USM connector, which in turn is connected to the system board with a top-mount USM connector. System 1700 represents an example of a system with top mount connectors. The system board 1710 represents a board to which an add-in board, such as a main system board or a motherboard, can be connected. System 1700 represents two add-in boards coupled to system board 1710 .

Module 1720 represents a first add-in board having one or more components 1722 mounted on the module board. USMt 1740 represents a top mount connector that connects module 1720 to module 1730 that connects to system board 1710 . Thus, in system 1700 , one module board (module 1730) is connected directly to system board 1710 via a USM connector, and another module board (module 1720) is connected to the system board via module 1730. (1710) indirectly. Thus, system 1700 can be thought of as a daisy chain example, in which daisy chained boards are mounted "below" other module boards.

Screw 1762 represents the screw at the “rear” end of module 1720 , which is the end of module 1720 opposite USMt 1740 . A screw 1762 has a head secured to the PCB of the module 1720 , with threads extending through the board of the module 1720 and into the module 1730 , which is a carrier board.

Screw 1764 represents the screw that secures USMt 1740 to module 1720 . Screw 1766 represents the screw that secures USMt 1740 to module 1730 . In one example, the screw 1764 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1764 extend into module 1720 but not into module 1730 . In one example, the screw 1766 has a head that rests within a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole.

The height of the USMt 1740 (identified as the z1 dimension) may depend on the thickness of the board of the module 1720 . For example, for a 0.6 mm PCB for module 1720 , USMt 1740 may have a height z1 of approximately 2.0 mm. As another example, for a 0.8 mm PCB for module 1720 , USMt 1740 may have a height z1 of approximately 2.2 mm.

Module 1730 represents a second add in board having one or more components 1732 mounted on the module board on a surface that includes pads or contacts to which USMt 1750 will be connected. USMt 1750 represents a top mount connector that connects module 1730 to system board 1710 and a combination of module 1730 and module 1720 .

Screw 1772 represents the screw at the “rear” end of module 1730 , which is the end of module 1730 opposite USMt 1750 . The screw 1772 has a head secured to the PCB of the module 1730 , with threads extending through the board of the module 1730 and into the system board 1710 . In one example, system 1700 includes standoffs or spacers 1712 bridging the gap between the board of module 1730 and system board 1710 .

Screw 1774 represents the screw that secures USMt 1750 to module 1730 . Screw 1776 represents a screw that secures USMt 1750 to system board 1710 . In one example, the screw 1774 has a head that rests within a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1774 extend into module 1730 but not to the other side. In one example, the screw 1776 has a head that rests within a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole.

In one example, USMt 1750 includes footing 1752 , which may alternatively be referred to as a base or support. Footing 1752 represents the structure of USMt 1750 that provides structural support for module 1730 when connecting module 1730 to system board 1710 . The structure and purpose of the footing 1752 may be the same or similar to that described above.

In one example, the USMt 1750 has a height sufficient to leave an air gap 1780 between the component 1722 and the system board 1710 . In one example, instead of leaving an air gap, the space can be occupied with a material that provides electrical insulation and thermal conductivity. Air gap 1780 can be any amount of space suitable for the system architecture. In one example, air gap 1780 is approximately 0.3 mm if module 1720 has a 0.8 mm board with component 1722 having a height of approximately 1.4 mm, or module 1720 is approximately 1.4 mm in height. It is approximately 0.5 mm for having a 0.6 mm board with component 1722 with

The height of the USMt 1750 (identified as the z2 dimension) may depend on the thickness of the module boards and how much space is left under the module 1730 . In one example, the USMt 1750 has a height z2 of approximately 4.4 mm, providing a separation for the module 1720 and the air gap.

18 is an example of a system configuration with a top mount USM connector for mounting an add-in board on another add-in board that is connected to the system board with an in-line USM connector. System 1800 represents an example of a system having a top mount connector and an inline connector. The system board 1810 represents a board to which an add-in board can be connected, such as a main system board or a motherboard. System 1800 represents two add-in boards coupled to system board 1810 .

Module 1820 represents a first add-in board having one or more components 1822 mounted on the module board. USMi 1840 represents an inline connector that connects module 1820 to system board 1810 . Screw 1862 represents the screw at the “rear” end of module 1820 , which is the end of module 1820 opposite USMi 1840 . The screw 1862 has a head secured to the PCB of the module 1820 , with threads extending through the board of the module 1820 and into the chassis 1890 . Chassis 1890 represents a system case or cover to which the computing components of system 1800 are mounted as a system.

Screw 1864 represents the screw that secures USMi 1840 to module 1820 . A screw 1866 represents a screw that secures the USMi 1840 to the system board 1810 . In one example, the screw 1864 has a head that rests within a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1864 extend into module 1820 but not to the other side. In one example, the screw 1866 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1866 extend into system board 1810 but not to the other side.

Module 1830 represents a second add in board having one or more components 1832 mounted on the module board on a surface that includes pads or contacts to which the USMt 1850 will be connected. Module 1830 is mounted on top of module 1820 . USMt 1850 represents a top mount connector that connects module 1830 to system board 1810 above module 1820 .

Screw 1872 represents the screw at the “rear” end of module 1830 , which is the end of module 1830 opposite USMt 1850 . The screw 1872 has a head secured to the PCB of the module 1830 , with threads extending through the board of the module 1830 and into the chassis 1890 . In one example, the system 1800 includes a spacer or standoff 1812 that bridges the gap between the chassis 1890 and the board of the module 1830 . As an alternative to the use of standoffs 1812 , chassis 1890 may have a standoff portion that extends to reach module 1830 .

Screw 1874 represents the screw that secures USMt 1850 to module 1830 . Screw 1876 represents a screw that secures USMt 1850 to system board 1810 . In one example, the screw 1874 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1874 extend into module 1830 but not to the other side. In one example, the screw 1876 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole.

In one example, USMt 1850 includes footing 1852 , which may alternatively be referred to as a base or support. Footing 1852 represents the structure of USMt 1850 that provides structural support for module 1830 when connecting module 1830 to system board 1810 . The structure and operation of the footing 1852 may be as described above.

In one example, given that the surface of module 1830 with pads and component 1832 is the top of the module, USMt 1850 is positioned between component 1822 and USMi 1840 and the bottom of module 1830 . of sufficient height to leave an air gap 1880 in the In one example, instead of leaving an air gap, the space can be occupied with a material that provides electrical insulation and thermal conductivity. Air gap 1880 may be any amount of space suitable for the system architecture. In one example, the air gap 1880 is approximately 0.4 mm.

The height of the USMt 1850 (identified as the z2 dimension) may depend on the thickness of the module boards and how much space is left under the module 1830 . For example, for a 0.6 mm PCB for module 1830, USMt 1850 can have a height z2 of approximately 3.8 mm, resulting in a module 1820 with a board thickness of 0.6 mm and a thickness of approximately 1.4 mm. It is possible to provide a separation distance for components having a height.

In system 1800 , module 1820 is shown in the diagram as being thinner than system board 1810 . In one example, module 1820 and system board 1810 have the same thickness. In one example, module 1820 has a different board thickness than system board 1810 . An inline connector can connect boards inline regardless of whether the boards are the same thickness or different thicknesses.

19A and 19B illustrate an example of a system configuration with two top mount USM connectors for mounting an add-in board over another add-in board.

19A illustrates a side view of system 1900 . System 1900 represents an example of a system with multiple top mount connectors to the same board. The system board 1910 represents a board to which an add-in board, such as a main system board or a motherboard, can be connected. System 1900 represents two add-in boards coupled to system board 1910 .

Module 1920 represents a first add-in board having one or more components 1922 mounted on the module board. USMt 1940 represents a top mount connector that connects module 1920 to system board 1910 . Screw 1962 represents the screw at the “rear” end of module 1920 , which is the end of module 1920 opposite USMt 1940 . The screw 1962 has a head secured to the PCB of the module 1920 , with threads extending through the board of the module 1920 and into the system board 1910 .

Screw 1964 represents the screw that secures USMt 1940 to module 1920 . A screw 1966 represents a screw for fixing the USMt 1940 to the system board 1910 . In one example, the screw 1964 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1964 extend into module 1920 but not into system board 1910 . In one example, the screw 1966 has a head that rests within a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole.

The height of USMt 1940 (identified as the z1 dimension) may depend on the thickness of the board of module 1920 . For example, for a 0.6 mm PCB for module 1920 , USMt 1940 may have a height z1 of approximately 2.0 mm. As another example, for a 0.8 mm PCB for module 1920 , USMt 1940 may have a height z1 of approximately 2.2 mm.

Module 1930 represents a second add-in board having one or more components 1932 mounted on the module board on a surface that includes pads or contacts to which the USM connectors will be connected. Module 1930 is mounted on top of module 1920 . USMt 1950 represents a top mount connector that connects module 1930 to system board 1910 above module 1920 from one side of module 1920 . USMt 1970 represents a top mount connector that connects module 1930 to system board 1910 above module 1920 from the opposite side of module 1920 to which USMt 1950 connects. Module 1920 includes pads for both USMt 1950 and USMt 1970 .

Screw 1954 represents a screw that secures USMt 1950 to module 1930 . A screw 1956 represents a screw for fixing the USMt 1950 to the system board 1910 . In one example, the screw 1954 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screws 1954 extend into module 1930 but not to the other side. In one example, the screw 1966 has a head that rests within a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole.

Screw 1974 represents a screw that secures USMt 1970 to module 1930 . A screw 1976 indicates a screw for fixing the USMt 1970 to the system board 1910 . In one example, the screw 1974 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole. Screw 1974 extends into module 1930 but does not extend to the other side. In one example, the screw 1976 has a head that rests in a recess in the connector associated with the screw hole.

In one example, USMt 1950 includes footing 1952 , which may alternatively be referred to as a base or support. Footing 1952 represents the structure of USMt 1950 that provides structural support for module 1930 when connecting module 1930 to system board 1910 . Footing 1952 extends USMt 1950 down the end or edge of module 1930 that interfaces with USMt 1950 . Using the footing 1952 , the USMt 1950 can contact the opposite surface as well as the surface of the module 1930 with the pads, as well as the edge of the module board connecting the two surfaces. Footing 1952 may include a protrusion or extension that extends under module 1930 to enable a location where the edge of the board will rest or contact, which may be used to transmit a force to the physical contact of the board edge with the connector. to reduce the force applied to the board by the screw 1974.

In one example, USMt 1970 includes footing 1972, which may alternatively be referred to as a base or support. Footing 1972 represents the structure of USMt 1970 that provides structural support for module 1930 when connecting module 1930 to system board 1910 . Footing 1972 extends USMt 1970 down the end or edge of module 1930 that interfaces with USMt 1970 . Using the footing 1972, the USMt 1970 can contact the opposite surface as well as the surface of the module 1930 with the pads, as well as the edge of the module board connecting the two surfaces. Footing 1972 may include a protrusion or extension that extends under module 1930 to enable a location where the edge of the board will rest or contact, which may be used to transmit a force to the physical contact of the board edge with the connector. to reduce the force applied to the board by the screw 1974.

In one example, considering that the surface of module 1930 with pads and component 1932 is the top of the module, USMt 1950 and USMt 1970 combine component 1922 and USMt 1940 with module ( 1930) is of sufficient height to leave an air gap 1980 between the bottoms. In one example, instead of leaving an air gap, the space can be occupied with a material that provides electrical insulation and thermal conductivity. Air gap 1980 may be any amount of space suitable for the system architecture. In one example, the air gap 1980 is approximately 0.4 mm.

The height of USMt 1950 and USMt 1970 (identified as the z2 dimension) may depend on the thickness of the module boards and how much space is left under module 1930 . For example, for a 0.6 mm PCB for module 1930, USMt (1950) and USMt (1970) could have a height z2 of approximately 4.4 mm, resulting in a module 1920 with a board thickness of 0.6 mm. and spacing for components having a height of approximately 1.4 mm.

19B illustrates a top view of system 1900 . View 1902 is from the top of system 1900 and the components are not necessarily to scale. The scale of view 1902 does not match the side view of system 1900 illustrated in FIG. 19A .

View 1902 illustrates one or more components 1932 mounted directly to module 1930 , which in turn are mounted to system board 1910 via two top mount connectors. The USMt 1970 connects between the system board 1910 and the module 1930 on one side, and the USMt 1950 connects between the system board 1910 and the module 1930 on the other side.

View 1902 illustrates screws 1974 securing USMt 1970 to module 1930 and screws 1976 securing USMt 1970 to system board 1910 . View 1902 illustrates screws 1954 securing USMt 1950 to module 1930 and screws 1956 securing USMt 1950 to system board 1910 .

20 illustrates an example of a system configuration with four top mount USM connectors for mounting an add-in board over another add-in board. System 2000 is representative of a system similar to system 1900, wherein various elements are not necessarily drawn to scale. System 1900 illustrates two connectors that connect the module board to the system board, while system 2000 includes a module board that connects to the system board through four connectors.

View 2002 illustrates a side view of system 2000 . View 2004 illustrates a top view of system 2000 . In view 2002, one of the connectors is not visible. View 2004 does not show modules connected below module 2030 , which may be partially visible in a side view of view 2002 . The dashed lines represent module 2080 partially obscured behind USMt 2040 and not shown in view 2002 at all below module 2030 .

The system board 2010 represents a board to which an add-in board, such as a main system board or a motherboard, can be connected. The system 2000 represents two add-in boards connected to the system board 2010 . Module 2080 represents a first add-in board having one or more components mounted on the module board, where the module board is connected to the system board 2010 with a USMt connector (the components and the USMt connector are specifically labeled there isn't). Module 2080 may be coupled to system board 2010 according to any description herein of a top mount connection with a module directly above the carrier board.

Module 2030 represents a second add-in board having one or more components 2032 mounted on the module board on a surface that includes pads or contacts to which the USM connectors will be connected. Module 2030 is mounted on top of module 2080 .

USMt 2040 , USMt 2050 , USMt 2060 , and USMt 2070 connect module 2080 to system board 2010 . Each connector represents a top mount connector that connects a section of pads of module 2030 to system board 2010 . USMt 2040 and USMt 2060 oppose each other at parallel sides of module 2030 and USMt 2050 and USMt 2070 oppose each other at other parallel sides of module 2030.

Screw 2042 represents a screw that secures USMt 2040 to module 2030 . The screw 2044 represents a screw for fixing the USMt 2040 to the system board 2010 . Screw 2052 represents a screw that secures USMt 2050 to module 2030 . The screw 2054 represents a screw for fixing the USMt 2050 to the system board 2010 . Screw 2062 represents a screw that secures USMt 2060 to module 2030 . The screw 2064 indicates a screw for fixing the USMt 2060 to the system board 2010 . Screw 2072 represents a screw that secures USMt 2070 to module 2030 . The screw 2074 indicates a screw for fixing the USMt 2040 to the system board 2010 .

In one example, screws (eg, screws 2052 , screws 2072 ) securing the connector to the module board are recessed in the connector associated with the screw hole, as shown in view 2002 . with heads placed within. In one example, the screws securing the connector to the module board extend into the module 2030 but do not extend to the other side. The same descriptions can be applied to the screws not visible in view 2002 (ie, screws 2042 , screws 2062 ) that also secure the connectors to the module board.

In one example, the screws (eg, screws 2054 , screws 2074 ) securing the connector to the system board are recessed in the connector associated with the screw hole, as shown in view 2002 . with heads placed within. In one example, screws that secure the connector to the system board extend through the connector into the system board 2010 . They may or may not extend through the system board, for example to a connection point on the system chassis. The same descriptions can be applied to the screws not visible in view 2002 (ie, screws 2044 , screws 2064 ) that also secure the connectors to the system board.

In one example, the USMt 2050 includes a footing 2056, which may alternatively be referred to as a base or support. Footing 2056 represents the structure of USMt 2050 that provides structural support for module 2030 when connecting module 2030 to system board 2010 . Footing 2056 extends USMt 2050 down the end or edge of module 2030 that interfaces with USMt 2050 . Using the footing 2056 , the USMt 2050 can contact the opposite surface as well as the surface of the module 2030 with the pads, as well as the edge of the module board connecting the two surfaces. The footing 2056 may include a projection or extension that extends under the module 2030 to enable a location for the edge of the board to rest or contact. Similar descriptions apply to the footing 2076 of the USMt 2070 .

The footing for USMt (2040) and the footing for USMt (2060) are not shown. In one example, both USMt 2040 and USMt 2060 include respective footings, and the above descriptions may apply to such footings or supports. In one example, when four or more USMt connectors are used to connect one board to another board, the boards at the longer edges of the add-in module may include footings, while the shorter edge of the add-in module. USMt connectors in the fields may or may not include footings.

In one example, USMt 2040 , USMt 2050 , USMt 2060 , and USMt 2070 have sufficient height to leave an air gap between module 2030 and module 2080 . The air gap may be according to any description of an air gap below modules mounted above other modules.

The height of USMt 2040 , USMt 2050 , USMt 2060 , and USMt 2070 (identified as the z1 dimension) will depend on the thickness of the module boards and how much space is left under the module 2030 . can For example, for a 0.6 mm PCB for module 2030, USMt 2040, USMt 2050, USMt 2060, and USMt 2070 may have a height z1 of approximately 4.4 mm, so 0.6 It can provide a separation distance for a module 1920 having a board thickness of mm and components having a height of approximately 1.4 mm.

21 illustrates an example of a system configuration with inline chained USM connectors for connecting an add in board to a system board with wider I/O. The USM connectors of system 2100 provide examples of inline USM connectors according to any description of an inline USM connector herein.

Instead of having only dedicated screw holes on the connectors, the connectors may share one set of screw holes or both sets of screw holes with another USM connector. Such an inline connector may be referred to as a USM inline chained connector, which makes it possible to chain multiple USM connectors together for wider I/O than is possible with a single connector. Chaining multiple USM connectors together enables much greater bandwidth without the need to make connectors of different widths.

System 2100 illustrates two types of chained connectors or shared screw hole connectors, or three types of chained connectors, depending on the arrangement of the alignment holes and alignment posts or other alignment mechanisms. Each example may have the same internal structure as any other inline USM connector described. It will be appreciated that even reversible connectors may be reversible if both the screw holes on both sides are left open for a shared configuration.

System I/O board 2110 includes pads coupled to corresponding pads on component board 2120 . The system I/O board 2110 may be a system board or a motherboard. The system I/O board 2110 may be a board specifically designed to connect to a wide I/O component board, along with other connections to the system board (not shown).

USMic 2130 represents an inline connector with one edge with non-shared screw holes and one edge for shared screw holes. A shared edge is adjacent to another connector. More specifically, the shared edge is adjacent to another connector and the two connectors will share the screws in the shared edge. The non-shared edge is not adjacent to another connector or adjacent to another connector that will share the screws. USMic 2150 is illustrated as a mirror image of USMic 2130 . In one example, depending on the alignment structures used in system 2100, USMic 2150 is designed the same as USMic 2130, and is simply rotated about 180 degrees to share the screw holes on the other side. . In one example, depending on the alignment structures used in system 2100 , USMic 2150 and USMic 2130 are separate connectors designed to share screw holes on opposite sides.

USMic 2130 is illustrated with edge 2132 having unshared screw holes. Screw 2162 represents a screw that connects edge 2132 of USMic 2130 to system I/O board 2110 . Screw 2172 represents a screw that connects edge 2132 of USMic 2130 to component board 2120 . The USMic 2130 is illustrated with an edge 2134 having shared screw holes. Screw 2164 represents a screw that connects edge 2134 of USMic 2130 to system I/O board 2110 . Screw 2174 represents a screw that connects edge 2134 of USMic 2130 to component board 2120 .

Again, the USMic 2150 is oriented to share opposite edges. USMic 2150 is illustrated with edge 2154 having unshared screw holes. Screw 2168 represents a screw that connects edge 2154 of USMic 2150 to system I/O board 2110 . Screw 2178 represents a screw that connects edge 2154 of USMic 2150 to component board 2120 . The USMic 2150 is illustrated with an edge 2152 having shared screw holes. Screw 2166 represents a screw that connects edge 2152 of USMic 2150 to system I/O board 2110 . Screw 2176 represents a screw that connects edge 2152 of USMic 2150 to component board 2120 .

USMic 2140 is illustrated with both edges sharing screw holes with an adjacent connector. USMic 2140 is illustrated with edge 2142 having screw holes that are shared with edge 2134 of USMic 2130 . The screw 2164 thus connects the edge 2134 of the USMic 2130 and the edge 2142 of the USMic 2140 to the system I/O board 2110 . Screws 2174 connect edge 2134 of USMic 2130 and edge 2142 of USMic 2140 to component board 2120 . USMic 2140 is illustrated with edge 2144 having screw holes that are shared with edge 2152 of USMic 2150 . The screw 2166 thus connects the edge 2144 of the USMic 2140 and the edge 2152 of the USMic 2150 to the system I/O board 2110 . Screws 2176 connect edge 2144 of USMic 2140 and edge 2152 of USMic 2150 to component board 2120 .

It will be appreciated that other connection configurations are possible. Any number of inline chained connectors may be chained together, such as having multiple connectors sharing screw holes at both edges. In one example, connectors that share at both edges are not used, one connector shares at one edge and not at the other, and a mirror image connector is chained with it.

22A is an example representation of an inline chained USM connector with shared screw holes on one side. Connector 2210 provides an example of connector 600 in which the screw holes on one side are open instead of a full circle. Rather, connector 600 has all full cause screw holes, and connector 2210 includes screw holes on one edge that are full cause and screw holes on the other edge that are open and semicircular. The dimensions and dimensions for the connector 2210 may be the same as for the connector 600 , so that it may be suitably adjusted to have shared screw holes open on one side.

Accordingly, the connector 2210 includes an edge 2212 having both closed causes, a screw hole 2222 and a screw hole 2226 . The connector 2210 includes an edge 2214 having a screw hole 2224 and a screw hole 2228 , which are open screw holes, both represented by semicircles.

22B is an example representation of an inline chained USM connector with both sides having shared screw holes. Connector 2230 provides an example of connector 600 in which the screw holes on both sides are open instead of a full circle. Rather, connector 600 has all full cause screw holes and connector 2230 includes all open and semicircular screw holes. The dimensions and dimensions for the connector 2230 may be the same as for the connector 600 , so that it may be suitably adjusted to have shared screw holes open on both sides.

Accordingly, connector 2230 includes an edge 2232 having both open partial causes, a screw hole 2242 and a screw hole 2246 . Connector 2230 includes an edge 2234 having an open partial cause, a screw hole 2244 and a screw hole 2248 , both represented by semicircles.

23 illustrates an example of a system configuration with inline chained USM connectors for connecting boards together. System 2300 illustrates other possible combinations of connections with inline chained connectors. The inline chain type connectors may be USMic connectors, and may be inline connectors according to any description above.

The system 2300 includes a connector 2320 chained together and a board 2312 coupled to the board 2314 with a connector 2330 . Board 2314 is also connected to board 2316 with connector 2340 , connector 2350 , and connector 2360 chained together. System 2300 also includes a representation of a side view of board 2312 with connector 2320 and connector 2330 chained together.

As illustrated, connector 2320 includes screw holes 2322 in a non-shared edge of connector 2320 . One of the screws secures the connector to the board 2312 and the other secures the connector to the board 2314 . Similarly, connector 2330 includes screw holes 2332 in a non-shared edge of connector 2330 . One of the screws secures the connector to the board 2312 and the other secures the connector to the board 2314 .

The screw holes 2372 are screw holes formed by one shared edge of the connector 2320 and one shared edge of the connector 2330 . The screws in the shared screw holes may be referred to as shared screws and may correspond to shared connector edges. One of the shared screws will secure the connector 2320 and connector 2330 to the board 2312 and the other will secure the connectors to the board 2314 .

System 2200 includes an enlarged view of area 2270 . In the enlarged view, the screw holes 2372 are illustrated with one screw in place and the other screw hole empty. A screw hole with a screw may show how the screw secures both connector 2230 and connector 2330 . The screwless screw hole shows how two open screw holes of the shared edges of connectors form a complete screw hole. There will be one screw hole in the board corresponding to the shared screw hole of the two connectors.

The alignment mechanisms may ensure proper alignment of the connectors on the board, allowing the shared screw to secure both connectors at the shared edge. The enlarged view illustrates that the shared edge can have a recessed semicircle 2374 that matches a closed screw hole, except that the recessed semicircle 2374 is only part of the circle. System 2300 does not illustrate other magnifications, but all shared edges may appear identical or nearly identical to region 2270 .

As illustrated, connector 2340 includes screw holes 2342 in a non-shared edge of connector 2340 . One of the screws secures the connector to the board 2314 and the other secures the connector to the board 2316 . Similarly, connector 2360 includes screw holes 2362 in a non-shared edge of connector 2360 . One of the screws secures the connector to the board 2314 and the other secures the connector to the board 2316 .

Connector 2350 includes only shared edges. The screw holes 2352 are screw holes formed by one shared edge of the connector 2340 and one shared edge of the connector 2350 . One of the shared screws will secure the connector 2340 and connector 2350 to the board 2314 and the other screw will secure the connectors to the board 2316 .

The screw holes 2354 are screw holes formed by one shared edge of the connector 2350 and one shared edge of the connector 2360 . One of the shared screws will secure the connector 2350 and connector 2360 to the board 2314 and the other will secure the connectors to the board 2316 .

24 is a block diagram of an example of board layouts for use with a USM connector. System 2400 illustrates a motherboard 2410 having one row of pads 2412 and an add-in 2420 having a corresponding row of pads 2422 . The screw holes 2430 receive screws that will hold the boards together with the connector 2450 . Connector 2450 includes leads, alignment features, and a cover according to any example described. Connector 2450 is keyed to alignment features 2440 on motherboard 2410 and add-in 2420 .

Connector 2450 has a rectangular profile with electrical leads arranged in rows extending along a long length of a generally rectangular profile with a pair of screw holes 2430 at either end of the electrical leads. The leads extend across a short distance of the rectangle bridging from pads 2412 to pads 2422 .

Reference to motherboard 2410 is a non-limiting example. The motherboard may represent any system board. Although the configuration of system 2400 illustrates motherboard 2410 having an edge prior to add-in 2420 , it will be understood that such a configuration is only one example. In one example, motherboard 2410 and add-in 2420 will meet edge-to-edge for use with an inline connector. In one example, add-in 2420 may overlap at least partially with motherboard 2410 for use with a top mount connector.

25 is a block diagram of an example of board layouts for use with a USM connector having two connector groups. System 2500 illustrates a motherboard 2510 having two rows of pads 2512 and pads 2514 and add-in 2520 of corresponding pads 2522 and pads 2524 . It has two columns. Screw holes 2532 , screw holes 2534 , and screw holes 2536 receive screws that will secure the boards together with the connector 2550 . Connector 2550 includes two lead groups, two alignment feature groups, and a cover according to any example described. Connector 2550 is keyed to alignment features 2542 and alignment features 2544 on motherboard 2510 and add-in 2520 .

The connector 2550 follows a long length of a generally rectangular outline, with the electrical leads connecting the pads 2512 to the pads 2522 between the pair of screw holes 2532 and the pair of screw holes 2536 . It has a rectangular outline with electrical leads aligned in an extending row. The connector 2550 also includes electrical leads connecting the pads 2514 to the pads 2524 between the pair of screw holes 2534 and the pair of screw holes 2536 . Accordingly, connector 2550 includes screw holes for screws at the short edge as well as screw holes for screws midway through the length of the connector between the two groups of electrical leads.

Reference to motherboard 2510 is a non-limiting example. The motherboard may represent any system board. Although the configuration of the system 2500 illustrates an add-in 2520 and an edge-to-edge motherboard 2510, it will be understood that such a configuration is only one example. In one example, motherboard 2510 and add-in 2520 will meet edge-to-edge for use with an inline connector. In one example, add-in 2520 may overlap at least partially with motherboard 2510 for use with a top mount connector.

26 is a block diagram of an example of board layouts for daisy chaining add in boards with USM connectors. System 2600 illustrates a piggyback or daisy chain configuration. System 2600 illustrates a motherboard 2610 having one row of pads 2612 and an add-in 2620 having a corresponding row of pads 2622 . Screw holes 2652 receive screws that will secure motherboard 2610 to add-in 2620 with connector 2662 . Connector 2662 includes leads, alignment features, and a cover according to any example described. Connector 2662 is keyed to alignment features 2642 on motherboard 2610 and add-in 2620 .

The system 2600 also includes an add-in 2630 having one row of pads 2632 and an add-in 2620 having a corresponding row of pads 2624 . Screw holes 2654 receive screws that will secure add in 2620 to add in 2630 with connector 2664 . Connector 2664 includes leads, alignment features, and a cover according to any example described. Connector 2664 is keyed to add-in 2620 and alignment features 2644 in add-in 2630 . In one example, add-in 2630 also includes screw holes 2656 for securing add-in 2630 to the system chassis. When connecting one add-in to another add-in, the two add-ins will generally have surfaces with pads that are flush with each other, just as the first add-in is coplanar with the motherboard.

Connector 2662 has a rectangular profile with electrical leads arranged in rows extending along a long length of a generally rectangular profile with a pair of screw holes 2652 at either end of the electrical leads. The leads extend across a short distance of the rectangle bridging from pads 2612 to pads 2622 .

Connector 2664 has a rectangular profile with electrical leads arranged in rows extending along a long length of a generally rectangular profile with a pair of screw holes 2654 at either end of the electrical leads. The leads extend across a short distance of the rectangle bridging from pads 2624 to pads 2632 .

Reference to motherboard 2610 is a non-limiting example. The motherboard may represent any system board. Although the configuration of the system 2600 illustrates an add-in 2620 and an edge-to-edge motherboard 2610, it will be understood that such a configuration is only one example. In one example, motherboard 2610 and add-in 2620 will meet edge-to-edge for use with an inline connector. In one example, add-in 2620 may overlap at least partially with motherboard 2610 for use with a top mount connector. Similarly, the connection between add-in 2620 and add-in 2630 may be via an in-line connector or a top mount connector.

27 is a block diagram of an example of board layouts for daisy chaining add in boards with USM connectors of different sizes. System 2700 illustrates another piggyback or daisy chain configuration. System 2700 illustrates a motherboard 2710 having two rows of pads 2712 and pads 2714 and add-in 2720 of corresponding pads 2722 and pads 2724 . It has two columns. The screw holes 2752 include a corresponding three pair of screw holes for a corresponding three pair of screws securing the motherboard 2710 to the add-in 2720 with a connector 2762 . Connector 2762 includes two lead groups, two alignment feature groups, and a cover according to any example described. Connector 2762 is keyed to alignment features 2742 and alignment features 2744 on motherboard 2710 and add-in 2720 .

The system 2700 also includes an add-in 2730 having one row of pads 2732 and an add-in 2720 having a third row of corresponding pads 2726 . The screw holes 2754 include a pair of screw holes that receive two pairs of screws that will secure the add in 2720 to the add in 2730 with the connector 2764 . Connector 2764 includes leads, alignment features, and a cover according to any example described. Connector 2764 is keyed to add-in 2720 and alignment features 2746 in add-in 2730. In one example, add-in 2730 also includes screw holes at the other end for securing add-in 2730 to the system chassis.

The connector 2762 is generally between a pair of screw holes in which the electrical leads that connect the pads 2712 to the pads 2722 are in one short edge and the other screw hole in the middle. has a rectangular profile with electrical leads arranged in rows extending along the long length of the rectangular profile. Connector 2762 also includes electrical leads connecting pads 2714 to pads 2724 between a pair of screw holes, one screw hole at the other short edge, and an intermediate pair of screw holes. Accordingly, connector 2762 includes screw holes for screws at the short edge as well as screw holes for screws midway through the length of the connector between the two groups of electrical leads.

Connector 2764 has a rectangular profile with electrical leads aligned in rows extending along a long length of a generally rectangular profile with a pair of screw holes 2754 at either end of the electrical leads. The leads extend across a short distance of the rectangle bridging from pads 2726 to pads 2732 .

The configuration of system 2700 is useful for connecting add-in 2730 to motherboard 2710 via add-in 2720 . In one example, some of the pads connecting add-in 2720 to motherboard 2710 are simply pass-through signal lines connected to add-in 2730 . As illustrated, add-in 2730 includes half the signal lines of add-in 2720 (eg, N signal lines for add-in 2730 and 2N signal lines for add-in 2720 ). signal line). The difference between the signal lines need not be an even multiple, but may be any number difference. In one example, some of the signal lines connecting between the add-in 2730 and the motherboard 2710 are shared or doubled up with the add-in 2720 . Accordingly, the connection between the add-in 2720 and the motherboard 2710 need not include dedicated pass-through signal lines for the add-in 2730 .

Reference to motherboard 2710 is a non-limiting example. The motherboard may represent any system board. Although the configuration of the system 2700 illustrates an add-in 2720 and an edge-to-edge motherboard 2710, it will be understood that such a configuration is only one example. In one example, motherboard 2710 and add-in 2720 will meet edge-to-edge for use with an inline connector. In one example, add-in 2720 may overlap at least partially with motherboard 2710 for use with a top mount connector. Similarly, the connection between the add-in 2720 and the add-in 2730 may be via an in-line connector or a top mount connector.

28 is a block diagram of an example of board layouts for use with a reversible USM connector. The reversible connector will be an inline connector. System 2800 illustrates a motherboard (or system board) 2810 having two rows of pads 2812 and pads 2814 . System 2800 illustrates alternative add-in boards to be used with motherboard 2810 .

In one example, system 2800 includes add-in 2820 having a row of pads 2822 corresponding to pads 2812 of motherboard 2810 . The screw holes 2852 receive screws that will secure the add-in 2820 to the motherboard 2810 into the connector 2860 - 1 representing the connector 2860 in the first orientation. Connector 2860 includes leads, alignment features, and a cover according to any example of a reversible connector described. In the first orientation, connector 2860 is keyed to alignment features 2842 on motherboard 2810 and add-in 2820 .

In one example, system 2800 includes add-in 2830 having a row of pads 2832 corresponding to pads 2814 of motherboard 2810 . The screw holes 2854 receive screws that will secure the add-in 2830 to the motherboard 2810 with the connector 2860 - 2 representing the connector 2860 in the second orientation. In the second orientation, connector 2860 is keyed to alignment features 2844 on motherboard 2810 and add-in 2830 .

Connector 2860 has a rectangular profile with electrical leads arranged in rows extending along a long length of a generally rectangular profile with a pair of screw holes at either end of the electrical leads. The leads extend across a short distance of the rectangle to bridge from pads on one board to pads on another board. Arrows in connector 2860 illustrate the difference in orientation of connector 2860 . In orientation 1, it is observed that the arrows point to the top of the ground of the system 2800 . In orientation 2, the arrows point to the bottom of the ground of the system 2800, indicating that reversing the connector enables switching from connecting to one group of pads 2812 to connecting to another group of pads 2814. indicates that Add-in boards will include pads in a configuration for the desired connection to the motherboard 2810 .

29 is a block diagram of an example of a computing system in which an add-in board connected to a USM connector may be implemented. System 2900 represents a computing device according to any of the examples herein, and may be a laptop computer, desktop computer, tablet computer, server, gaming or entertainment control system, embedded computing device, or other electronic device. System 2900 provides an example of a system in which add-in cards can be implemented that connect to a motherboard or to each other using any example of a low profile connector or USM connector provided.

In one example, system 2900 includes add-in 2990 coupled to interface 2914 via connector (CONN) 2992 , representing any example of a low profile connector or USM connector. A low profile connector may include a top mount connector, an inline connector, or a combination of modules having a top mount connector and an inline connector. In one example, add-in 2990 is a wireless communication card, and thus may be an example of network interface 2950 or I/O interface 2960 . In one example, add-in 2990 is an SSD, and thus may be an example of storage subsystem 2980 .

System 2900 may be any type of microprocessor, central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), processing core, or other processing hardware, or combination of any type that provides processing or execution of instructions for system 2900 . It includes a processor 2910 that can include. The processor 2910 may be a host processor device. The processor 2910 controls the overall operation of the system 2900 and includes one or more programmable general purpose or special purpose microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), programmable controllers, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs). ) or a combination of these devices.

In one example, system 2900 may represent a high-speed interface or high-throughput interface to system components that require higher bandwidth connections, such as memory subsystem 2920 or graphical interface components 2940 . , an interface 2912 coupled to the processor 2910 . Interface 2912 represents interface circuitry, which may be a standalone component or may be integrated into a processor die. Interface 2912 may be integrated as a circuit on a processor die or may be integrated as a component on a system on a chip. When present, graphical interface 2940 interfaces with graphical components to provide a visual display to a user of system 2900 . The graphical interface 2940 may be a standalone component or may be integrated on a processor die or system on a chip. In one example, the graphic interface 2940 may drive a high definition (HD) display or an ultra high definition (UHD) display that provides an output to a user. In one example, the display may include a touchscreen display. In one example, graphical interface 2940 creates a display based on data stored in memory 2930 or based on operations executed by processor 2910 , or both.

Memory subsystem 2920 represents the main memory of system 2900 , and provides storage for code to be executed by processor 2910 , or data values to be used to execute routines. Memory subsystem 2920 may include read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, one or more variants of random-access memory (RAM) such as DRAM, three-dimensional crosspoint (3DXP), or other memory devices, or such devices. may include one or more memory devices 2930 such as combinations of Memory 2930 stores and hosts, among other things, an operating system (OS) 2932 that provides a software platform for execution of instructions in system 2900 . Additionally, applications 2934 may run from memory 2930 on the software platform of OS 2932 . Applications 2934 represent programs that have their own operating logic to perform the execution of one or more functions. Processes 2936 represent agents or routines that provide auxiliary functions to OS 2932 or one or more applications 2934 or combination. OS 2932 , applications 2934 , and processes 2936 provide software logic that provides functions for system 2900 . In one example, memory subsystem 2920 includes memory controller 2922 , which is a memory controller that generates and issues commands to memory 2930 . It will be appreciated that the memory controller 2922 may be a physical part of the processor 2910 or a physical part of the interface 2912 . For example, memory controller 2922 may be an integrated memory controller integrated on circuit with processor 2910 , such as integrated on a processor die or system on chip.

Although not specifically illustrated, it will be understood that system 2900 may include one or more buses or bus systems between devices, such as a memory bus, graphics bus, interface bus, and the like. Buses or other signal lines may communicatively or electrically couple components together, or may communicatively and electrically couple components. Buses may include physical communication lines, point-to-point connections, bridges, adapters, controllers or other circuitry or combination. Buses are, for example, a system bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a HyperTransport or industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, a small computer system interface (SCSI) bus, a universal serial bus (USB), or other bus, or a combination. may include one or more of

In one example, system 2900 includes an interface 2914 that may be coupled to an interface 2912 . Interface 2914 may be a lower speed interface than interface 2912 . In one example, interface 2914 represents interface circuitry, which may include standalone components and integrated circuits. In one example, multiple user interface components or peripheral components, or both, are coupled to interface 2914 . Network interface 2950 provides system 2900 with the ability to communicate with remote devices (eg, servers or other computing devices) over one or more networks. Network interface 2950 may include an Ethernet adapter, wireless interconnection components, cellular network interconnection components, universal serial bus (USB), or other wired or wireless standards-based or proprietary interfaces. Network interface 2950 may exchange data with a remote device, which may include sending data stored in memory or receiving data to be stored in memory.

In one example, system 2900 includes one or more input/output (I/O) interface(s) 2960 . I/O interface 2960 may include one or more interface components (eg, audio, alphanumeric, tactile/touch, or other interfacing) through which a user interacts with system 2900 . Peripheral interface 2970 may include any hardware interface not specifically mentioned above. Peripherals generally refer to devices that are dependently coupled to system 2900 . Dependent coupling is that system 2900 provides a software platform or a hardware platform, or both, on which operations are performed and interacts with a user.

In one example, system 2900 includes a storage subsystem 2980 that stores data in a non-volatile manner. In one example, in certain system implementations, at least certain components of storage 2980 may overlap with components of memory subsystem 2920 . Storage subsystem 2980 may be or include any conventional medium for storing large amounts of data in a non-volatile manner, such as one or more magnetic, solid state, 3DXP, or optical based disks or a combination. and storage device(s) 2984 . Storage 2984 holds the code or instructions and data 2986 in a persistent state (ie, the value is maintained despite interruption of power to system 2900 ). Although storage 2984 may be generally considered “memory”, memory 2930 is typically executable or working memory that provides instructions to processor 2910 . Storage 2984 is non-volatile, while memory 2930 may include volatile memory (ie, the value or state of data is indeterminate if power to system 2900 is interrupted). In one example, storage subsystem 2980 includes a controller 2982 that interfaces with storage 2984 . In one example, controller 2982 may be interface 2914 or a physical part of processor 2910 , or may include circuits or logic in both processor 2910 and interface 2914 .

Power source 2902 provides power to components of system 2900 . More specifically, a power source 2902 typically interfaces with one or more power supplies 2904 within the system 2900 to provide power to components of the system 2900 . In one example, power supply 2904 includes an AC-to-DC (alternating current to direct current) adapter that plugs into a wall outlet. Such AC power may be a renewable energy (eg, solar power) power source 2902 . In one example, power source 2902 includes a DC power source, such as an external AC-DC converter. In one example, power source 2902 or power supply 2904 includes wireless charging hardware that charges through proximity to a charging field. In one example, power source 2902 may include an internal battery or fuel cell source.

30 is a block diagram of an example of a mobile device in which an add-in board connected to a USM connector may be implemented. System 3000 represents a mobile computing device, such as a computing tablet, mobile phone or smart phone, wearable computing device, or other mobile device, or embedded computing device. It will be understood that some of the components are shown generally and not all components of such a device are shown in system 3000 . System 3000 provides an example of a system in which add-in cards can be implemented that connect to a motherboard or to each other using any example of a low profile connector or USM connector provided.

In one example, system 3000 includes one or more components implemented as add-in modules that connect to low profile connectors or USM connectors. A low profile connector may include a top mount connector, an inline connector, or a combination of modules having a top mount connector and an inline connector. In one example, connection 3070 represents a wireless connection to system 3000 , and is coupled via connector 3092 to the processor SOC for processor 3010 . Connector 3092 represents an example of a low profile connector or USM connector according to any example provided. In one example, one or more peripherals of peripheral connections 3080 are connected with a low profile connector, although the connector is not explicitly shown in system 3000 . In one example, memory subsystem 3060 includes non-volatile (NV) memory 3066 , which may be a non-volatile storage board coupled to processor 3010 by low profile connector 3094 . Connector 3094 may be an example of a low profile connector according to any example provided.

System 3000 includes a processor 3010 that performs the main processing operations of system 3000 . The processor 3010 may be a host processor device. Processor 3010 may include one or more physical devices, such as microprocessors, application processors, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, or other processing means. The processing operations performed by the processor 3010 include execution of an operating platform or operating system on which applications and device functions are executed. The processing operations may be operations related to input/output (I/O) with a human user or with other devices, operations related to power management, operations related to connecting the system 3000 to another device, or a combination thereof. includes The processing operations may also include operations related to audio I/O, display I/O, or other interfacing, or a combination. The processor 3010 may execute data stored in a memory. The processor 3010 may edit or write data stored in the memory.

In one example, system 3000 includes one or more sensors 3012 . Sensors 3012 represent embedded sensors or interfaces to external sensors, or a combination. Sensors 3012 enable system 3000 to monitor or detect one or more conditions of the environment or device in which system 3000 is implemented. Sensors 3012 include environmental sensors (eg, temperature sensors, motion detectors, light detectors, cameras, chemical sensors (eg, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or other chemical sensors)), pressure sensors, accelerometers, gyroscopes, medical or physiological sensors (eg, biosensors, heart rate monitors, or other sensors that detect physiological properties), or other sensors, or a combination can Sensors 3012 may also include sensors for biometric systems, such as fingerprint recognition systems, face detection or recognition systems, or other systems that detect or recognize user characteristics. Sensors 3012 are to be understood broadly and are not limiting to the many different types of sensors that may be implemented with system 3000 . In one example, the one or more sensors 3012 are coupled to the processor 3010 via front end circuitry integrated with the processor 3010 . In one example, one or more sensors 3012 are coupled to processor 3010 via other components of system 3000 .

In one example, system 3000 includes hardware components (eg, audio hardware and audio circuits) and software components (eg, drivers, codecs) associated with providing audio functions to a computing device. representing an audio subsystem 3020 . Audio functions may include speaker or headphone output, as well as microphone input. Devices for such functions may be integrated into or coupled to system 3000 . In one example, a user interacts with system 3000 by providing audio commands that are received and processed by processor 3010 .

Display subsystem 3030 represents hardware components (eg, display devices) and software components (eg, drivers) that provide a visual display for presentation to a user. In one example, the display includes tactile components or touchscreen elements for a user to interact with the computing device. Display subsystem 3030 includes a display interface 3032 that includes a particular screen or hardware device used to provide a display to a user. In one example, display interface 3032 includes logic separate from processor 3010 (such as a graphics processor) for performing at least some processing related to the display. In one example, display subsystem 3030 includes a touchscreen device that provides both output and input to a user. In one example, display subsystem 3030 includes a high definition (HD) or ultra-high definition (UHD) display that provides an output to a user. In one example, the display subsystem includes or drives a touchscreen display. In one example, display subsystem 3030 generates display information based on data stored in memory or based on operations executed by processor 3010 , or both.

I/O controller 3040 represents hardware devices and software components involved in interaction with a user. I/O controller 3040 may operate to manage hardware that is part of audio subsystem 3020 or display subsystem 3030 or both. Additionally, I/O controller 3040 illustrates a connection point for additional devices that connect to system 3000 , through which a user may interact with the system. For example, devices that may be attached to system 3000 include microphone devices, speaker or stereo systems, video systems or other display device, keyboard or keypad devices, buttons/switches, or card readers and It may include other I/O devices or other devices for use with the same specific applications.

As noted above, I/O controller 3040 may interact with audio subsystem 3020 or display subsystem 3030 or both. For example, input through a microphone or other audio device may provide input or commands for one or more applications or functions of system 3000 . Additionally, an audio output may be provided instead of or in addition to the display output. In another example, where the display subsystem includes a touchscreen, the display device also acts as an input device that can be managed, at least in part, by the I/O controller 3040 . Additional buttons or switches may also be on system 3000 that provide I/O functions managed by I/O controller 3040 .

In one example, I/O controller 3040 may include accelerometers, cameras, light sensors or other environmental sensors, gyroscopes, global positioning system (GPS), or other hardware that may be included in system 3000; or manage devices such as sensors 3012 . The input is part of direct user interaction, as well as an operation of the system (such as filtering for noise, adjusting displays for brightness detection, applying a flash to a camera, or other features). It may be to provide an environmental input to the system in order to influence them.

In one example, system 3000 includes power management 3050 that manages features related to battery power usage, charging of the battery, and power saving operation. Power management 3050 manages power from power source 3052 that provides power to components of system 3000 . In one example, power source 3052 includes an AC-to-DC (alternating current to direct current) adapter that plugs into a wall outlet. Such AC power may be renewable energy (eg, solar power, motion based power). In one example, power source 3052 includes only DC power, which may be provided by a DC power source, such as an external AC-to-DC converter. In one example, the power source 3052 includes wireless charging hardware that charges through proximity to a charging field. In one example, the power source 3052 may include an internal battery or fuel cell source.

Memory subsystem 3060 includes memory device(s) for storing information in system 3000 . The memory subsystem 3060 can be configured for either non-volatile (NV) memory 3066 (which does not change state when power to the memory device is interrupted) or volatile memory 3064 (which has an indeterminate state when power to the memory device is interrupted). suitable), or a combination of volatile memory and non-volatile memory. Memory subsystem 3060 provides application data, user data, music, photos, documents, or other data, as well as system data (whether long-term or temporary) related to the execution of applications and functions of system 3000 . None) can be saved. In one example, memory subsystem 3060 includes a controller 3062 (which may be considered part of the control of system 3000 and potentially part of processor 3010 ). The controller 3062 includes a scheduler that generates and issues commands that control access to the controlled memory device, volatile memory 3064 or NV memory 3066 . In one example, a controller represents two or more controllers. In one example, memory subsystem 3060 includes different controllers for volatile memory and non-volatile memory.

Connection 3070 includes hardware devices (eg, wireless or wired connectors and communication hardware, or a combination of wired hardware and wireless hardware) and software components (eg, wireless or wired connectors) that enable system 3000 to communicate with external devices. drivers, protocol stacks). The external device may be other computing devices, separate devices such as wireless access points or base stations, as well as peripherals such as headsets, printers, or other devices. In one example, system 3000 exchanges data with an external device for storage in memory or for display on a display device. The data exchanged may include data to be stored in the memory or data already stored in the memory for reading, writing or editing the data.

Connection 3070 may include a number of different types of connections. To generalize, a system 3000 with a cellular connection 3072 and a wireless connection 3074 is illustrated. Cellular connection 3072 is generally referred to as global system for mobile communications (GSM) or variants or derivatives, code division multiple access (CDMA) or variants or derivatives, time division multiplexing (TDM) or variants or derivatives. , LTE (long term evolution - also referred to as "4G" -), 5G, or other cellular service standards. Wireless connection 3074 refers to a wireless connection that is not cellular and includes personal area networks (such as Bluetooth), local area networks (such as WIFI), or wide area networks (such as WiMax), or other wireless communications; or combinations. Wireless communication refers to the transmission of data through the use of modulated electromagnetic radiation over a non-solid medium. Wired communication takes place over a solid communication medium.

Peripheral connections 3080 include hardware interfaces and connectors, as well as software components (eg, drivers, protocol stacks) to make peripheral connections. System 3000 can be a peripheral device (“to” 3082) to other computing devices, as well as having peripheral devices connected thereto (“from” 3084 ). It will be understood that there may be System 3000 is typically connected to other computing devices for purposes such as managing (eg, downloading, uploading, changing, synchronizing) content on system 3000 . It has a “docking” connector. Additionally, the docking connector may enable the system 3000 to connect to certain peripherals that enable the system 3000 to control content output to, for example, audiovisual or other systems. can

In addition to a proprietary docking connector or other proprietary connection hardware, system 3000 may make peripheral connections 3080 through conventional or standards-based connectors. Common types include Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors (which may include any of a number of different hardware interfaces), DisplayPort including MiniDisplayPort (MDP), High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), or other types can do.

With reference to the descriptions herein generally, in one example, a board-to-board connector comprises: a surface of a first PCB when a surface of the first printed circuit board (PCB) and a surface of the second PCB are substantially coplanar. a lead frame comprising electrical leads bridging from first pads on the surface to second pads on the surface of the second PCB; an alignment frame holding a lead frame comprising posts that mate with the first alignment holes in the first PCB and the second alignment holes in the second PCB; and an electrically conductive cover to be secured over the alignment frame, the cover comprising openings to receive screws securing the cover to the first screw holes in the first PCB and the second screw holes in the second PCB, the cover comprising the screws electrically coupled to the first ground plane of the first PCB and the second ground plane of the second PCB through the .

In one example of a connector, the electrical leads include arcuate springs, wherein the electrical leads are flexed to push the contacts into contact with the first and second pads when the cover receives the screws. . According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the lead frame bridges from first pads on a surface of a first PCB to second pads on a surface of a second PCB, wherein the connector is opposite the second PCB It is not connected to the pads on the surface. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the posts have a first pair of posts that mate with a first pair of alignment holes on a first PCB and a second pair of posts that mate with a second pair of alignment holes on a second PCB. wherein the first pair of posts and the second pair of posts are offset with respect to a center of the lead frame. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the cover includes pleat features orthogonal to the electrical leads. According to any preceding example of the connector, in one example, the cover is a threaded standoff that fits first through-hole openings in a first PCB and second through-hole openings in a second PCB receiving screws. placed in close contact with the fields. According to any preceding example of the connector, in one example, the cover is aligned with the first through-hole openings in the first PCB receiving the screws and the second through-hole openings in the second PCB and the screws are disposed on the system chassis It rests against threaded spacers that allow it to be secured to the threads in the . According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the connector includes a ground bar that selectively contacts electrical leads to be connected to the ground pads, the ground bar physically contacting the cover. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the alignment frame comprises a plastic frame having gaps for the ground bar to extend through the plastic frame to physically contact the cover. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the first PCB includes a system motherboard, wherein the second PCB includes an add-in board that provides functionality to a host system of the motherboard.

With reference generally to the descriptions herein, in one example, a computer system includes: a system board comprising first pads on a surface of the system board; an add-in board comprising second pads on a surface of the add-in board, the surface of the add-in board being substantially coplanar with a surface of the system board; A connector coupling first pads on a surface of the system board to second pads on a surface of an add in board, the connector comprising: a lead frame comprising electrical leads bridging from the first pads to second pads; an alignment frame holding a lead frame comprising posts that mate with first alignment holes in the system board and second alignment holes in the add-in board; and an electrically conductive cover to be secured over the alignment frame; and screws securing the cover to the first screw holes in the system board and the second screw holes in the add-in board, the screws securing the cover to the first ground plane of the system board and the second ground plane of the add-in board. electrically coupled.

In an example of a computer system, in one example, the electrical leads include arcuate springs, wherein the electrical leads flex to push the points of contact into contact with the first and second pads when the cover receives the screws. do. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the posts have a first pair of posts that mate with a first pair of alignment holes on a system board and a second pair of posts that mate with a second pair of alignment holes on an add-in board. wherein the first pair of posts and the second pair of posts are offset with respect to a center of the lead frame. According to any preceding example of the computer system, in one example, the cover includes pleat features orthogonal to the electrical leads. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the cover abuts threaded standoffs that fit first through-hole openings in the system board and second through-hole openings in the add-in board. laid According to any preceding example of the computer system, in one example, the connector includes a ground bar, wherein the ground bar is in physical contact with the cover, which selectively contacts electrical leads to be connected to the ground pads. According to any preceding example of the computer system, in one example, the alignment frame comprises a plastic frame having gaps for the ground bar to extend through the plastic frame to physically contact the cover. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the computer system includes: a chassis, wherein the system board is secured to the chassis; wherein the cover abuts the spacers aligned with the first through-hole openings in the system board and the second through-hole openings in the add-in board; Here, to secure the cover to the system board and add-in board and secure the system board and add-in board to the chassis, screws extend through the cover and the system board and screws extend through the cover and add-in board. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the add-in board includes a wireless communication board. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the add-in board comprises a solid state drive (SSD) board. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the second screw holes in the add-in board include screw holes proximate an edge (“close end”) of the add-in board closest to the system board. and third screw holes on the distal end of the add-in board opposite the proximal end for screws securing the far end of the add-in board to the chassis, wherein the system board is secured to the chassis. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the connector has a rectangular profile having electrical leads arranged in rows extending along a long length of the generally rectangular profile, each electrical lead having a short length of the rectangular profile and the first pair of screw holes is at one end of the row and the second pair of screw holes is at the other end of the row. According to any preceding example of the computer system, in one example, the row includes two groups of electrical leads, and a third pair of screw holes is in the middle of the connector between the two groups of electrical leads. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the add-in board includes a first add-in board and the connector includes a first connector, the add-in board including third pads on a surface of the first add-in board; a first add-in board; a second add-in board comprising fourth pads on a surface of the second add-in board, the surface of the second add-in board being substantially coplanar with a surface of the first add-in board; and a second connector coupling third pads on the surface of the first add-in board to fourth pads on the surface of the second add-in board. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the third pads and the fourth pads include fewer pads than the first pads and the second pads, wherein the second connector is the first connector. It includes fewer electrical leads. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the first connector has a first rectangular profile having 2N electrical leads configured as a group of two electrical leads arranged in a row extending along a long length of the first rectangular profile. wherein each electrical lead bridges across a short length of the first rectangular contour, the screw holes being at opposite ends of the row between the two groups; wherein the second connector has a second rectangular contour having N electrical leads arranged in rows extending along a long length of the second rectangular contour, each electrical lead bridging across a short length of the second rectangular contour, and a screw The holes are at opposite ends of the row. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the system board further comprises third pads and third alignment holes on a surface of the system board, wherein the first alignment holes correspond to the first pads and the third alignment holes correspond to the third pads; wherein the add-in board further includes fourth pads and fourth alignment holes on a surface of the add-in board, wherein the second alignment holes correspond to the second pads and the fourth alignment holes correspond to the fourth pads; ; wherein the connector is reversible between a first orientation and a second orientation, wherein in the first orientation the electrical leads bridge from the first pads to the second pads and the posts engage the first and second alignment holes mate, wherein in the second orientation, the electrical leads bridge from the third pads to the fourth pads and the posts mate with the second alignment holes and the fourth alignment holes; Here the screws are aligned with the first screw holes in the system board and the second screw holes in the add in board for both orientations. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the add-in board includes an in-line add-in board, the connector includes an in-line connector, and a system board including third pads on a first surface of the system board. ; top mount add on board comprising fourth pads on the surface of the top mount add on board - the surface of the top mount add on board does not face the first surface of the system board and the surface of the top mount add on board is on the surface of the system board not coplanar with the first surface; and a top mount connector coupling the fourth pads to the third pads. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the computer system comprises: a host processor device mounted on a system board; a display communicatively coupled to a host processor of the system board; a network interface communicatively coupled to a host processor on the system board; or a battery that powers the computer system. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the system board comprises a computer motherboard. According to any preceding example of a computer system, in one example, the system board includes a ruler board.

With reference to the descriptions herein generally, in one example, the board to board connector comprises: from first pads on a first surface of a first printed circuit board (PCB) to a second on a second surface of a second PCB. a lead frame comprising electrical leads bridging to the pads, the second surface not facing the first surface, and the second PCB having no pads for the connector on the surface facing the first surface; an alignment frame holding a lead frame comprising posts that mate with the first alignment holes in the first PCB and the second alignment holes in the second PCB; and an electrically conductive case to be secured over the alignment frame, the case comprising openings to receive screws securing the case to the first screw holes in the first PCB and the second screw holes in the second PCB, the case including the screws electrically coupled to the first ground plane of the first PCB and the second ground plane of the second PCB through the .

In one example of the connector, in one example, the electrical leads include two arcuate arms that are vertically offset from each other at a central post of the lead frame, a first arcuate arm in contact with the first pads and a second The two arcuate arms contact the second pads. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the posts have a first pair of posts that mate with a first pair of alignment holes on a first PCB and a second pair of posts that mate with a second pair of alignment holes on a second PCB. wherein the first pair of posts and the second pair of posts are offset with respect to a center of the lead frame. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the case includes pleat features orthogonal to the electrical leads. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the connector includes a ground bar that selectively contacts electrical leads to be connected to the ground pads, the ground bar physically contacting the case. According to any preceding example of the connector, in one example, the alignment frame comprises a plastic frame having gaps for the ground bar to extend through the plastic frame to physically contact the case. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the first PCB includes a main system board, wherein the second PCB includes an add-in board that provides functionality to a host system of the main system board. According to any preceding examples of connectors, in one example, the system board comprises a computer system motherboard. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the system board includes a ruler board. According to any preceding example of the connector, in one example, the first PCB includes a first add-in board and the second PCB includes a second add-in board.

With reference to the descriptions herein generally, in one example, a computer system includes: a system board including first pads on a first surface of the system board; an add-in board comprising second pads on a second surface of the add-in board, the second surface of the add-in board not facing the first surface of the system board; and a connector coupling the first pads to the second pads, the connector comprising: a lead frame comprising electrical leads bridging from the first pads to the second pads; an alignment frame holding a lead frame comprising posts that mate with first alignment holes in the system board and second alignment holes in the add-in board; and an electrically conductive case to be secured over the alignment frame; and screws for securing the case to the first screw holes in the system board and the second screw holes in the add-in board, the screws securing the case to the first ground plane of the system board and the second ground plane of the add-in board. electrically coupled.

In one example of the connector, the electrical leads include two arcuate arms that are vertically offset from each other at a central post of the lead frame, wherein the first arcuate arms engage the second when the case receives the screws. 1 is bent to push the contact points into contact with the pads, and the second arcuate arms push the contact points into contact with the second pads. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the posts include a first pair of posts to mate with a first pair of alignment holes on the system board and a second pair of posts to mate with a second pair of alignment holes for an add-in board. wherein the first pair of posts and the second pair of posts are offset with respect to the center of the lead frame. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the case includes pleat features orthogonal to the electrical leads. According to any preceding example of the connector, in one example, the connector further comprises a ground bar selectively in contact with electrical leads to be connected to the ground pads, the ground bar in physical contact with the case. According to any preceding example of the connector, in one example, the alignment frame comprises a plastic frame having gaps for the ground bar to extend through the plastic frame to physically contact the case. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the add-in board includes a wireless communication board. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the add-in board comprises a solid state drive (SSD) board. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the connector contacts the first pads to the second pads when the add in board is on the first surface of the system board. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the screws include connector screws and the add in board is a system board at an edge opposite the connector via mounting screws to connect the add in board to the system board via standoffs. is connected to According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the connector has a footing in contact with a second surface of the add-in board, an opposing surface of the add-in board opposite the second surface, and a second surface to the opposing surface. It contains the edge of the add-in board that connects. According to any preceding example of the connector, in one example, the connector has a height that provides an air gap between the components mounted between the first surface of the system board and the surface of the add-in board opposite the second surface. have According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the components are mounted to a first surface of the system board, wherein an air gap is between the components and a surface of the add in board opposite the second surface. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the components are mounted to a surface of the add in board opposite the second surface, wherein an air gap is between the components and the first surface of the system board. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the add in board comprises a top mount add in board, the connector comprises a top mount connector, and a system comprising third pads on a first surface of the system board. board; an inline add in board comprising fourth pads on a first surface of the system board, the surface of the inline add in board being substantially coplanar with the first surface of the system board and the top mount add in board being above the inline add in board mounted -; and an inline connector coupling the fourth pads to the third pads. According to any preceding example of a connector, in one example, the computer system includes a host processor device mounted on a system board; a display communicatively coupled to a host processor of the system board; a network interface communicatively coupled to a host processor on the system board; or a battery that powers the computer system.

The flow diagrams illustrated herein provide examples of sequences of various process actions. Flow diagrams may represent physical operations as well as operations executed by software or firmware routines. A flow diagram may illustrate an example of an implementation of states of a finite state machine (FSM), which may be implemented in hardware and/or software. Although shown in a particular sequence or order, unless otherwise specified, the order of actions may be modified. Accordingly, the illustrated diagrams are to be understood as examples only, processes may be performed in a different order, and some actions may be performed in parallel. Additionally, one or more actions may be omitted; Therefore, not all implementations perform all actions.

To the extent various operations or functions are described herein, they may be described or defined as software code, instructions, configuration, and/or data. The content may be directly executable (“object” or “executable” form), source code, or difference code (“delta” or “patch” code). The software content of those described herein may be provided via an article of manufacture in which the content is stored, or via a method of operating a communications interface to transmit data via the communications interface. A machine-readable storage medium may cause a machine to perform the described functions or operations, and may include a recordable/non-writable medium (eg, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, etc.), including any mechanism for storing information in a form accessible by a machine (eg, computing device, electronic system, etc.). A communication interface includes any mechanism for interfacing with any of a wired, wireless, optical medium, etc. to communicate with other devices, such as a memory bus interface, a processor bus interface, an Internet connection, a disk controller, and the like. The communication interface may be configured by sending signals and/or providing configuration parameters to prepare the communication interface to provide a data signal describing the software content. The communication interface may be accessed via one or more commands or signals transmitted to the communication interface.

The various components described herein may be means for performing the described operations or functions. Each component described herein includes software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Components may be implemented as software modules, hardware modules, special-purpose hardware (eg, application specific hardware, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), etc.), embedded controllers, hardwired circuitry, and the like.

In addition to those described herein, various modifications may be made to the teachings and implementations of the invention without departing from its scope. Accordingly, the examples and examples herein should be construed in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. The scope of the invention should only be determined with reference to the following claims.

Claims (25)

A board-to-board connector comprising:
from first pads on the surface of the first PCB to second pads on the surface of the second PCB when the surface of the first printed circuit board (PCB) and the surface of the second PCB are substantially coplanar. a lead frame comprising electrical leads for bridging;
an alignment frame holding the lead frame, the alignment frame comprising posts that mate with the first alignment holes of the first PCB and the second alignment holes of the second PCB; and
an electrically conductive cover to secure over the alignment frame, the cover comprising openings for receiving screws securing the cover to first screw holes in the first PCB and second screw holes in the second PCB; , the cover is electrically coupled to a first ground plane of the first PCB and a second ground plane of the second PCB through the screws;
Containing, a connector. 2. The electrical leads as recited in claim 1, wherein said electrical leads comprise arcuate springs, said electrical leads flexed to push contact points into contact with said first and second pads when said cover receives said screws. being a connector. The connector according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lead frame bridges from the first pads on the surface of the first PCB to the second pads on the surface of the second PCB, and wherein the connector is connected to the second PCB. 2 A connector, not connected to the pads on the opposite surface of the PCB. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the posts comprise a first pair of posts that mate with a first pair of alignment holes on the first PCB and a second pair of posts that mate with a second pair of alignment holes on the second PCB. and wherein the first pair of posts and the second pair of posts are offset with respect to a center of the lead frame. 3. The connector of claim 1 or 2, wherein the cover includes corrugated features orthogonal to the electrical leads. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2,
a ground bar selectively in contact with electrical leads to be connected to ground pads, the ground bar in physical contact with the cover;
Further comprising, a connector. 3. The connector of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first PCB includes a system motherboard and the second PCB includes an add-in board that provides functionality to a host system of the motherboard. A computer system comprising:
the system board comprising first pads on a surface of the system board;
said add-in board comprising second pads on a surface of said add-in board, said surface of said add-in board being substantially coplanar with said surface of said system board;
a connector coupling the first pads on the surface of the system board to the second pads on the surface of the add in board, the connector comprising:
a lead frame including electrical leads bridging from the first pads to the second pads;
an alignment frame holding the lead frame, the alignment frame including posts that mate with first alignment holes of the system board and second alignment holes of the add-in board; and
an electrically conductive cover to be secured over the alignment frame; and
screws fixing the cover to first screw holes in the system board and second screw holes in the add-in board, the screws fixing the cover to the first ground plane of the system board and the add-in board electrically coupled to the second ground plane of
comprising, a computer system. 9. The electrical leads of claim 8, wherein the electrical leads include arcuate springs, the electrical leads flexed to push contact points into contact with the first and second pads when the cover receives the screws. being a computer system. 10. The system of claim 8 or 9, wherein the posts include a first pair of posts that mate with a first pair of alignment holes on the system board and a second pair of posts that mate with a second pair of alignment holes on the add-in board; , wherein the first pair of posts and the second pair of posts are offset with respect to a center of the lead frame. 10. The computer system of claim 8 or 9, wherein the cover includes pleat features orthogonal to the electrical leads. 10. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the cover abuts threaded standoffs that fit first through-hole openings in the system board and second through-hole openings in the add-in board. computer system. 10. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the connector comprises:
a ground bar selectively in contact with electrical leads to be connected to ground pads, said ground bar in physical contact with said cover;
wherein the alignment frame includes the plastic frame having gaps for the ground bar to extend through the plastic frame for physical contact with the cover. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9,
Chassis - the system board is fixed to the chassis -
further comprising;
the cover abuts spacers aligned with first through-hole openings in the system board and second through-hole openings in the add-in board;
To secure the cover to the system board and the add-in board and to secure the system board and the add-in board to the chassis, the screws extend through the cover and the system board and the screws extend through the cover and the add-in board. A computer system, extending through an add-in board. 10. The computer system of claim 8 or 9, wherein the add-in board comprises a wireless communication board. 10. The computer system of claim 8 or 9, wherein the add-in board comprises a solid state drive (SSD) board. 10. The add-in of claim 8 or 9, wherein the second screw holes in the add-in board include screw holes proximate to an edge ("proximal") of the add-in board closest to the system board, and and third screw holes on the distal end of the add-in board opposite the proximal end for screws securing the distal end of the board to the chassis, wherein the system board is secured to the chassis. 10. The connector of claim 8 or 9, wherein the connector has a rectangular profile with the electrical leads arranged in rows extending along a long length of the generally rectangular profile, each electrical lead having a short length of the rectangular profile. bridging across, a first pair of screw holes at one end of the row and a second pair of screw holes at the other end of the row;
wherein the row includes two groups of electrical leads, and a third pair of screw holes is in the middle of the connector between the two groups of electrical leads. 10. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the add-in board includes a first add-in board, and the connector includes a first connector;
the first add-in board comprising third pads on the surface of the first add-in board;
said second add-in board comprising fourth pads on a surface of said second add-in board, said surface of said second add-in board being substantially coplanar with said surface of said first add-in board; and
and a second connector coupling the third pads on the surface of the first add-in board to the fourth pads on the surface of the second add-in board. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the third pads and the fourth pads include fewer pads than the first pads and the second pads, and the second connector has fewer pads than the first connector. electrical leads;
The first connector has a first rectangular profile having 2N electrical leads configured as two groups of electrical leads arranged in a row extending along a long length of the first rectangular profile, each electrical lead being a member of the first rectangular profile. bridging across a short length, wherein screw holes are at opposite ends of the row between the two groups;
wherein the second connector has a second rectangular contour having N electrical leads arranged in a row extending along a long length of the second rectangular contour, each electrical lead bridging across a shorter length of the second rectangular contour; , the screw holes are at opposite ends of the row. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9,
The system board further includes third pads and third alignment holes on the surface of the system board, wherein the first alignment holes correspond to the first pads and the third alignment holes correspond to the third pads to respond;
The add-in board further includes fourth pads and fourth alignment holes on the surface of the add-in board, wherein the second alignment holes correspond to the second pads and the fourth alignment holes are the fourth corresponding to the pads;
The connector is reversible between a first orientation and a second orientation, wherein in the first orientation the electrical leads bridge from the first pads to the second pads and the posts connect the first alignment holes and the mating with second alignment apertures, wherein in the second orientation the electrical leads bridge from the third pads to the fourth pads and the posts align with the second alignment apertures and the fourth alignment apertures match;
and the screws are aligned with the first screw holes in the system board and the second screw holes in the add in board for both orientations. 10. The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the add-in board comprises an in-line add-in board, and the connector comprises an in-line connector;
the system board including third pads on the first surface of the system board;
said top mount add on board comprising fourth pads on a surface of said top mount add on board, said surface of said top mount add on board not facing said first surface of said system board, said top mount add on board comprising wherein said surface of is not coplanar with said first surface of said system board; and
and a top mount connector coupling the fourth pads to the third pads. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9,
a host processor device mounted on the system board;
a display communicatively coupled to a host processor of the system board;
a network interface communicatively coupled to a host processor of the system board; or
a battery that powers the computer system
A computer system, further comprising one or more of: 10. The computer system of claim 8 or 9, wherein the system board comprises a computer motherboard. 10. The computer system of claim 8 or 9, wherein the system board comprises a ruler board.

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