KR20220063389A - Gasification apparatus and system - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a gasification apparatus, comprising: a housing provided with a space for accommodating a biomass introduced through the inlet therein; a combustion chamber disposed inside the housing and generating heat by burning the introduced biomass; an air supply unit connected to the combustion chamber and supplying air for burning the biomass into the combustion chamber; a sensor for measuring the amount of air supplied into the combustion chamber; and a control unit for controlling the amount of air supplied from the air supply unit to the combustion chamber based on the result of measurement of the sensor.

Description

Gasification apparatus and system

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus, and more particularly to a gasifier and system.

Among new and renewable energy, biomass fuel is attracting attention as an alternative energy that can resolve concerns about the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution. Biomass is a term that refers to living organisms, including plants, cells, and animals that feed on them, generated by photosynthesis of plants and microorganisms receiving solar energy. Biomass resources include starch-based resources such as grains, cellulose-based resources including agricultural products such as forest trees, rice straw, and rice husks, sugar-based resources such as sugar cane and sugar beets, and organic wastes such as food waste.

In order to use biomass in the existing energy production system, it must first be converted into gaseous syngas. A representative technology is biomass gasification technology. Syngas converted to gasification technology is composed of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane, and can be directly used as energy for transportation, power generation, and heating. In addition, high value-added fuels such as synthetic natural gas, FT diesel, and bio-hydrogen can be produced through catalytic synthesis or biological conversion. As a biomass gasifier for converting biomass into gaseous syngas, there are an upflow biomass gasifier and a downflow biomass gasifier.

Gasification is _a technology for partial oxidation by supplying a smaller amount _of oxygen (air) than the theoretical amount of oxygen (air) required for complete combustion of biomass. ₂ , CO, CH ₄ , CO, N ₂ is predominant. The composition of the syngas produced by gasification varies according to the air ratio (equivalence ratio), and the calorific value of the syngas is maximum when the air ratio is usually between 0.25 and 0.35.

An object of the present invention is to provide a gasifier capable of measuring and controlling the amount of air supplied to a combustion chamber in real time in a gasifier for producing combustible gas by incomplete combustion of biomass.

The technical problems to be achieved by the present invention are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs from the description below. There will be.

In order to achieve the above technical object, the gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a housing having a space therein for accommodating biomass introduced through an inlet, and disposed inside the housing, A combustion chamber that burns the biomass to generate heat; an air supply unit connected to the combustion chamber and supplying air for burning the biomass into the combustion chamber; and a sensor measuring the amount of air supplied into the combustion chamber; Based on the measurement result of the sensor, it may include a control unit for controlling the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber from the air supply unit.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the control unit sets an air ratio reference value based on the amount of biomass introduced into the combustion chamber, calculates the air ratio based on the amount of air supplied into the combustion chamber, and the calculated air ratio and the set You can compare the air ratio reference value.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the controller, when the calculated air ratio is less than the air ratio reference value, may control the air supply to increase the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber.

In one embodiment of the present invention, when the calculated air ratio is greater than the reference value of the air ratio, the controller may control the air supply to decrease the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber.

In one embodiment of the present invention, when the calculated air ratio is the same as the reference value of the air ratio, the control unit may control the air supply unit so that the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber is maintained.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a filter unit disposed between the air supply unit and the housing and filtering foreign substances generated in the process of gasifying the biomass; may further include.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the control unit may determine whether the filter unit is in a normal state based on the flow rate of the gas passing through the filter unit.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the control unit sets a reference value for the flow rate of the gas passing through the filter unit, and when the flow rate of the gas passing through the filter is less than the flow rate reference value, it is determined that the filter is in an abnormal state can do.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the control unit may be a PID controller.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the control unit may be controlled through a Human Machine Interface (HMI) method.

A gasifier and a system including the same according to embodiments of the present invention measure the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber in real time, and measure the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 based on the air ratio calculated based on the measured air amount in real time. Feedback can be controlled. In addition, it is possible to secure a stable calorific value of the gasifier by maintaining a constant amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber.

In addition, the gasifier and the system including the same according to embodiments of the present invention detect the flow rate of the gas passing through the filter unit and determine whether the filter unit is in a normal state in real time, so that the filter unit itself or for filtration provided in the filter unit By replacing the medium in a timely manner, it is possible to prevent the gasifier and gasifier from becoming less efficient.

It should be understood that the effects of the present invention are not limited to the above-described effects, and include all effects that can be inferred from the configuration of the invention described in the detailed description or claims of the present invention.

1 schematically shows a gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 schematically shows a gasifier according to another embodiment of the present invention.
3 schematically shows a part of a gasifier controlled by a control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a graph showing a change in the composition ratio of syngas according to the air ratio.
5 is a flowchart illustrating a gasification process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention may be embodied in several different forms, and thus is not limited to the embodiments described herein. And in order to clearly explain the present invention in the drawings, parts irrelevant to the description are omitted, and similar reference numerals are attached to similar parts throughout the specification.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to be “connected (connected, contacted, coupled)” with another part, it is not only “directly connected” but also “indirectly connected” with another member interposed therebetween. "Including cases where In addition, when a part "includes" a certain component, this means that other components may be further provided without excluding other components unless otherwise stated.

The terminology used herein is used only to describe specific embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present invention. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present specification, terms such as “comprise” or “have” are intended to designate that a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification exists, but one or more other features It should be understood that this does not preclude the existence or addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

The gasifier may be a device for gasifying a gasifying object in a solid or liquid state. In this case, the type of gasification object is not limited, but hereinafter, an embodiment in which the object to be gasified by the gasifier is biomass will be mainly described.

On the other hand, the gasifier is an updraft and downdraft according to the movement direction of the oxidizer and fuel, and a fluidized bed, a fixed-bed, and an entrained flow according to the characteristics of the bed. ) can be distinguished. The gasifier 10 according to the present invention is not limited to any one of the above types, but for the convenience of description, the following description will be focused on the top-down gasifier.

1 schematically shows a gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a gasifier 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 100 , a drying chamber 200 , a pyrolysis chamber Hd, a combustion chamber 300 , and an air supply unit 400 . And, the reduction chamber 500 and the ash collection chamber (ash collector; 600) may include. In addition, the gasifier 10 may further include a filter unit (F).

The housing 100 may have a space in which the drying chamber 200 , the combustion chamber 300 , the reduction chamber 500 , and the ash collection chamber 600 can be disposed. In addition, the housing 100 may be provided with an input unit 110 at the upper side, and an ash discharger 120 at the lower side. The biomass may be introduced into the inner space of the housing 100 through the input unit 110 and may be gasified while moving downward. As the biomass is gasified, the remaining ash may be discharged to the outside of the housing 100 through the ash discharge unit 120 .

In the inner space of the housing 100 , a drying chamber 200 , a pyrolysis chamber Hd, a combustion chamber 300 , a reduction chamber 500 , and an ash collection chamber 600 may be sequentially disposed from the upper side. In this case, the biomass input to the input unit 110 passes through the drying chamber 200 , the pyrolysis chamber Hd, the combustion chamber 300 , and the reduction chamber 500 in order to be converted into ash, and these ash are collected in the ash collection chamber 600 . ) can be collected.

The drying chamber 200 may dry biomass. At this time, the drying process (Drying) in the drying chamber 200 is a pretreatment process of the biomass gasification process. In the drying chamber 200 , moisture contained in the biomass may be evaporated and some volatile substances may also be evaporated.

A diffusion unit 210 may be installed on the upper side of the drying chamber 200 , and the diffusion portion has a shape that gradually increases in width from the top to the bottom and is installed in the center of the upper side of the drying chamber 200 , so that the input unit 110 ), the inputted biomass may be diffused so as not to accumulate in the center of the drying chamber 200 . In addition, a dry stirrer (not shown) may be installed in the drying chamber 200 , and the dry stirrer stirs the biomass in the drying chamber 200 through rotational motion of a blade provided in the agitator.

On the other hand, the drying chamber 200 may not be provided with a separate heating device for heating the biomass. The biomass in the drying chamber 200 can be dried by using it.

In the pyrolysis chamber (Hd), a process for obtaining a gaseous material from biomass, that is, a pyrolysis process (Pyrolysis) may be performed. The biomass that has passed through the drying chamber 200 moves to the thermal decomposition chamber Hd disposed below the drying chamber 200 . When high-temperature heat is applied to such biomass, the biomass is pyrolyzed to separate into gas and tar, leaving charcoal as a residue. In this case, the thermal decomposition process is a process that does not require oxygen, and the gaseous material may be mainly a C, H, O-based volatile material.

The pyrolysis chamber (Hd) may not have a separate heating device for heating the biomass, and in this case, the heat required for thermal decomposition of the biomass in the pyrolysis chamber (Hd) is transferred to the combustion chamber ( 300) can be provided from the rising heat.

In the combustion chamber 300 , a process of generating heat for reduction, that is, a combustion process (Combustion) may be performed. Specifically, the biomass that has passed through the pyrolysis chamber Hd moves to the combustion chamber 300 disposed below it, and in the combustion chamber 300, tar gas and char generated in the pyrolysis process are burned as main fuels. can be made At this time, the air required for combustion may be supplied to the combustion chamber 300 by an air supply unit 400 to be described later. CO ₂ and H ₂ O generated in the combustion process are in the following process, the reduction process, in the first reaction formula (eg, CO ₂ + O ₂ --> 2CO) or in the second reaction formula (eg, H ₂ O + C --> H ₂ + CO), and the amount of its generation may be reduced.

In order to burn only a portion of the biomass in the combustion chamber 300 , an incomplete combustion section may be formed in the combustion chamber 300 . In this case, in order to properly form an incomplete combustion section, two air supply sections may be provided in the combustion chamber 300 .

The combustion chamber 300 may include a sensor S for measuring the amount of air supplied into the combustion chamber 300 . By such a sensor (S), it is possible to measure the amount of air supplied into the combustion chamber 300 by the air supply unit (400). In this case, the sensor S may transmit the measured result to the controller 30 to be described later.

The combustion chamber 300 may include an ignition device (not shown) for igniting the biomass. This ignition device can ignite the biomass by operating once in the initial stage when the biomass is input, and thereafter, even if the ignition device does not operate, the flame of the biomass that is burned in the combustion chamber 300 causes the combustion chamber 300 to be ignited. The incoming biomass can be burned continuously.

The air supply unit 400 may supply air to the gasifier 10 . Specifically, the air supply unit 400 may supply air required to burn biomass in the combustion chamber 300 into the combustion chamber 300 . In this case, the air supply unit 400 may be disposed outside the housing 100 to communicate with the internal space of the housing 100 (eg, the combustion chamber 300 ). The air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 by the air supply unit 400 may be air heated to a high temperature. As a result, air at room temperature is supplied to the combustion chamber 300 and the biomass in the combustion chamber 300 is cooled by the supply air at room temperature, thereby preventing a decrease in the combustion efficiency of the biomass.

As an embodiment, the air supply unit 400 may be an air suction device for sucking air, in this case, the air supply unit 400 is a blower (blower; 410) that sucks air to generate a flow of air. And, it may be provided with an air pipe 420 that is a passage of air. In addition, the housing 100 may include an air inlet 130 communicating with the internal space. In this case, a process in which air is supplied into the internal space of the housing 100 or into the combustion chamber 300 by the air supply unit 400 may be as follows.

First, the blower 410 may suck air. By this suction operation, air outside the housing 100 may be introduced into the inner space of the housing 100 through the air inlet 130 . The air introduced in this way is introduced into the combustion chamber 300 through the drying chamber 200 and the pyrolysis chamber Hd, so that it can be used in the combustion process of biomass.

By suction of the blower 410 , not only air but also biomass may move to the combustion chamber 300 . Thereafter, foreign substances such as ash and tar generated in the combustion process may also be moved to the downstream side of the gasifier 10 by suction of the blower 410 . Accordingly, foreign substances such as ash and tar may be discharged to the outside of the housing 100 through the ash discharge unit 120 .

In the reduction chamber 500 , a process in which gasification of biomass is completed, that is, a reduction process (Reduction) may be performed. Specifically, the biomass burned in the combustion chamber 300 moves to the reduction chamber 500 disposed below the combustion chamber 300, and in the reduction chamber 500, CO ₂ and H ₂ O ( Vapor) passes through the bed of biomass charcoal, and oxygen in the gas reacts with high-temperature C to reduce it, thereby reacting with 2CO and H ₂ + CO. At this time, the combustion gas is converted back to syngas (2CO, H ₂ ).

A plurality of gas outlets (not shown) for discharging the synthesis gas generated in the reduction chamber 500 from the reduction chamber 500 may be provided on the inner wall of the housing 100 surrounding the reduction chamber 500 . The synthesis gas discharged from the reduction chamber 500 through these plurality of gas outlets may be discharged to the outside of the housing 100 .

The ash collection chamber 600 may be connected to the combustion chamber 300 or the reduction chamber 500 to collect biomass ash (ash) generated in the combustion chamber 300 or in the reduction chamber 500 . The ash collection room 600 may include a hopper unit 610 for collecting ash at the lower side. At this time, the hopper part 610 may be formed in a shape in which the width is gradually reduced toward the lower side. In addition, the ash discharging unit 120 of the housing 100 is connected to the lower end of the hopper unit 610 , and the ash seated in the ash collection room 600 is collected by the hopper unit 610 , and the ash discharging unit 120 . ) through the housing 100 may be discharged to the outside.

The filter unit F may filter foreign substances contained in the synthesis gas discharged to the outside of the housing 100 . The filter unit F may be disposed outside the housing 100 . Specifically, the filter unit F may be disposed between the ash collection chamber 600 and the air supply unit 400 . In this case, one side of the filter unit F may be connected to the gas outlet provided in the housing 100 , and the other side of the filter unit F may be connected to the air pipe 420 of the air supply unit 400 . In this case, after the synthesis gas generated in the reduction chamber 500 is discharged to the outside of the housing 100 through the gas outlet, it may move to the filter unit F through the connection pipe U. At this time, the connection pipe (U) communicates with the filter unit (F) and the air pipe 420, and accordingly, the synthesis gas discharged to the outside of the housing 100 by the suction of the blower 410 is connected to the pipe (U), It may be moved by being sucked into the air pipe 420 through the filter unit F.

The filter unit (F) may be provided with a filtration passage (not shown) for the syngas to pass therein. In this case, a porous filtration medium for filtering foreign substances such as ash and tar contained in the synthesis gas may be disposed in the filtration passage. In this case, foreign substances such as ash and tar contained in the synthesis gas are filtered while passing through the filtration medium, and only the pure synthesis gas can pass through the filter unit (F). The filtration medium is replaceable, and the filtration medium may include, for example, charcoal, sawdust or a mixture thereof.

Meanwhile, although not shown in the drawings, an additional filtering unit may be disposed between the filter unit F and the housing 100 . In this case, the synthesis gas discharged to the outside of the housing 100 is first filtered while passing through the additional filtering unit, and then moved to the filter unit F and filtered, so that it can be double filtered. The further filter can be, for example, a cyclone.

2 shows a gasifier according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the gasifier 20 includes a housing 100 , a drying chamber 200 , a combustion chamber 300 , a reduction chamber 500 , an additional combustion chamber Ac, an air supply unit 400 and ash It may include a collection room 600 . In this case, specific features of the housing 100 , the drying chamber 200 , the combustion chamber 300 , the air supply unit 400 , the reduction chamber 500 , and the ash collection chamber 600 are the gasifier of the above-described embodiment. Since it is the same as or similar to the case of (10), a redundant description thereof will be omitted.

The additional combustion chamber may be disposed in the inner space of the housing 100 and connected to the lower side of the reduction chamber 500 . In this case, the biomass input to the input unit 110 is changed to ash while passing through the drying chamber 200, the pyrolysis chamber (Hd), the combustion chamber 300, the reduction chamber 500, and the additional combustion chamber in turn, and these ash It may be collected in the collection room 600 .

Specifically, the charcoal of biomass passing through the reduction chamber 500 moves to the additional combustion chamber 300, and when air is supplied to the charcoal introduced into the additional combustion chamber 300, CO ₂ , H ₂ O is generated. do. When this is passed through the bed layer of charcoal in the reduction section again, oxygen in the gas reacts with high temperature C to be reduced and reacts with 2CO and H ₂ + CO.

As described above, the combustion chamber 300 and the additional combustion chamber 300 are disposed on the upper side and the lower side of the reduction chamber 500 , respectively, to promote the reduction reaction in the reduction chamber 500 , thereby increasing the synthesis gas generation rate. That is, two combustion chambers are disposed with the reduction chamber 500 interposed therebetween, and the drying of biomass, low-temperature carbonization, and decomposition of gas occur in the upper part of the reduction chamber 500, so that the generation of tar and dust is small. The thermal decomposition efficiency is high, so that it can have excellent gasification efficiency.

3 schematically shows a gasification system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a graph showing a change in the composition ratio of syngas according to the air ratio, and FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a gasification process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 to 5 , the gasifiers 10 and 20 may further include a control unit 30 . The control unit 30 may control the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 by the air supply unit 400 . At this time, the control unit 30 is, for example, a circuit board mounted on a computer for controlling the gasifiers 10 and 20, a computer chip mounted on the circuit board, software embedded in a computer chip or embedded in a computer for control, etc. It can be implemented in the form For example, the controller 30 may be a PID controller.

The controller 30 may adjust the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 based on the amount of air in the combustion chamber 300 measured by the sensor S. As an embodiment, the controller 30 may calculate an equivalence ratio (ER) based on the amount of air supplied into the combustion chamber 300 . In addition, the controller 30 may adjust the amount of air to be supplied to the combustion chamber 300 based on the calculated air ratio ER. Here, the air ratio ER may mean a value obtained by dividing the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 by the amount of air required to completely burn the biomass introduced into the combustion chamber 300 .

As exemplarily shown in FIG. 4 , the composition of syngas, which is a gas generated by gasifying biomass, may change according to the air ratio ER in the combustion chamber 300 . Specifically, as the air ratio (ER) is changed, the amounts of H ₂ , CO, CO ₂ , H ₂ 0, CH ₄ , N ₂ contained in the synthesis gas (ie, the composition ratio of the synthesis gas) may change. For example, the amount of CO contained in the syngas is maximum in the range of the air ratio (ER) 0.25 to 0.35. And, in the case of N ₂ , it increases in proportion as the air ratio ER increases, and in the case of H ₂ , it decreases in inverse proportion as the air ratio ER increases. As another example, in the case of CH ₄ , the air ratio (ER) decreases until it becomes 0.2, and increases in the range where the air ratio (ER) is 0.2 or more.

A method for the controller 30 to adjust the air ratio ER in the combustion chamber 300 may be as follows.

First, the control unit 30 may set a reference value of the air ratio in the combustion chamber 300 (hereinafter, the air ratio air value) (S10). In this case, the air ratio reference value may be set based on the amount of biomass introduced into the combustion chamber 300 . Specifically, the air ratio reference value may be set based on a reference value (hereinafter, referred to as a calorific value reference value) of the calorific value of the syngas generated by gasifying the biomass flowing into the combustion chamber 300 . The calorific value reference value may be, for example, 1,100 kcal, and in this case, the air ratio reference value may be set such that the calorific value of the syngas is within the range of 1,100 kcal ± 5%.

Next, the control unit 30 may receive the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 measured by the sensor S (S20). Then, the control unit 30 may calculate the air ratio (ER) in the combustion chamber 300 based on the received measurement value of the amount of air (S30).

Next, the control unit 30 may compare the preset air ratio reference value with the calculated air ratio ER (S30 and S40). In addition, the control unit 30 may adjust the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 based on the comparison result.

As an embodiment, when the calculated air ratio ER is the same as or close to a preset value, the control unit 30 may control to maintain the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 by the air supply unit 400 ( S41).

When the calculated air ratio ER is not the same as or close to a preset value, the controller 30 may determine whether the calculated air ratio ER exceeds a reference value of the air ratio ( S50 ). As an embodiment, when the calculated air ratio ER is greater than a preset value, the control unit 30 may control the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 by the air supply unit 400 to be reduced (S51). Specifically, the control unit 30 may reduce the rotational speed of the driving motor (not shown) provided in the blower 410 . Accordingly, the suction action of the blower 410 is reduced, and as a result, the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 is reduced.

As another embodiment, when the calculated air ratio ER is smaller than a preset air ratio reference value, the control unit 30 may control the air supply unit 400 to supply more air to the combustion chamber 300 ( S52 ). . Specifically, the control unit 30 may increase the rotation speed of the driving motor (not shown) provided in the blower 410 . Accordingly, the suction action of the blower 410 is increased, and as a result, the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 is increased.

More specifically, in the above-described case, the control unit 30 may increase or decrease the rotational speed of the blower 410 by controlling the operation of an inverter (not shown; inverter) that controls the blower 410 .

Through the above-described method, the control unit 30 may control the air supply unit 400 in real time. Specifically, the control unit 30 receives the amount of air measured from the sensor S provided in the combustion chamber 300 in real time and controls the air supply unit 400 based on it, and then the control unit 30 controls the sensor (S) The amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 measured again from the feedback (feedback) may be received.

The control unit 30 may recalculate the air ratio ER based on the feedback air amount measurement value. Thereafter, the controller 30 may compare the recalculated air ratio ER with a preset air ratio reference value again, and control the air supply unit 400 based on the result. In this way, the control unit 30 can measure and calculate the amount of air in the combustion chamber 300 and the air ratio ER according thereto in real time to maintain the air ratio ER of the combustion chamber 300 within a certain range, and at this time, keep it constant. The resulting air ratio (ER) may be a value within the range of 0.25 to 0.35. Accordingly, a syngas having a certain composition may be generated by gasification, whereby the gasifiers 10 and 20 may produce syngas having a uniform calorific value.

The control unit 30 may store information on the operating state of the gasifier 10 . As an embodiment, the controller 30 may convert and store information such as a change in the amount of air in the combustion chamber 300 and a change in the air ratio (ER) according to the data. Based on the data stored in this way, the manager who manages the gasifier 10 can check whether the gasification system 1 or the gasifiers 10 and 20 malfunctions, and when a malfunction occurs, the cause of the malfunction can be found more quickly from past information. Malfunctions of the gasification system 1 or the gasifiers 10 and 20 can be easily solved.

The control unit 30 may monitor the state of the filter unit F. In one embodiment, the control unit 30 is based on the flow rate of the air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 by the air supply unit 400 or the flow rate of the gas passing through the filter unit (F), the top of the filter unit (F) status can be determined.

Specifically, when an excessive amount of tar is adsorbed and accumulated on the filtration medium inside the filter unit (F), it becomes difficult for the synthesis gas to pass through the filtration medium, and the flow rate of gas passing through the filter unit (F) or the filter unit The flow rate of air before passing through (F) may decrease. In this case, the gas passing through the filter unit F may be at least one of syngas and air.

The control unit 30 may determine that the filter unit F is in an abnormal state when the flow rate reduction state as described above continues for a predetermined time or more. Specifically, the control unit 30 may set a reference value of the flow rate of the gas passing through the filter unit (F). In addition, the filter unit (F) may be provided with a flow rate sensor (not shown) for measuring the flow rate of the gas passing through the filter unit (F). In this case, the flow rate value measured by the flow sensor may be transmitted to the control unit 30 . In this case, the control unit 30 may compare the measured flow rate with a set flow rate reference value to determine whether the filter unit F is in a normal state. As an embodiment, when the measured flow rate value is less than the flow rate reference value, the control unit 30 may determine that the filter unit F is in an abnormal state. When it is equal to or greater than the reference value, it may be determined that the filter unit F is in a normal state.

As described above, when it is determined that the filter unit F is in an abnormal state, the control unit 30 may display the abnormal state of the filter unit F through a notification unit (not shown). In this case, the manager of the gasification system 1 may check the problem of the filter unit F through the notification unit, and replace the filtration medium in the filter unit F. Thereby, it is possible to monitor the filter unit F of the gasification system 1 in real time, and accordingly, if a problem occurs in the filter unit F, it is replaced quickly, thereby reducing the flow rate of air or synthesis gas by adsorption of foreign substances. It is possible to prevent the flow rate from decreasing. As a result, it is possible to prevent the biomass gasification rate from being reduced, thereby preventing the efficiency of the entire gasification system 1 from being reduced.

The manager of the gasifiers 10 and 20 may operate the control unit 30 through, for example, a human-machine interface (HMI) method such as a touch screen method. Thereby, the manager can intuitively and easily grasp the working state and malfunction of the gasifiers 10 and 20 . In addition, there is an advantage that the time required to train a new manager can be reduced through HMI method control.

The gasifiers 10 and 20 and the system 1 including the same according to the embodiments of the present invention as described above measure the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 in real time, and calculated based on the measured air amount. Based on the air ratio ER, the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 may be feedback-controlled in real time. In addition, it is possible to secure a uniform and stable calorific value of the gasifier by maintaining a constant amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 300 .

In addition, the gasifiers 10 and 20 and the system 1 including the same according to the embodiments of the present invention detect the flow rate of the gas passing through the filter unit F to determine whether the filter unit F is in a normal state. By judging in real time, it is possible to prevent the efficiency of the gasifiers 10 and 20 and the gasification system 1 from falling by replacing the filter unit F itself or the filtration medium provided in the filter unit F at an appropriate time. there is.

The above description of the present invention is for illustration, and those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains can understand that it can be easily modified into other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features of the present invention. will be. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single type may be implemented in a dispersed form, and likewise components described as distributed may be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is indicated by the following claims, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

10: gasifier
20: gasifier
30: control unit
100: housing
200: drying room
Hd: pyrolysis chamber
300: combustion chamber
400: air supply
500: reduction room
Ac: additional combustion chamber
600: Ash collection room
F: filter part
S: sensor

Claims (10)

a housing having a space therein for accommodating the biomass introduced through the inlet;
a combustion chamber disposed inside the housing and generating heat by burning the introduced biomass;
an air supply unit connected to the combustion chamber and supplying air for burning the biomass into the combustion chamber;
a sensor for measuring the amount of air supplied into the combustion chamber; and
Based on the measurement result of the sensor, a control unit for controlling the amount of air supplied from the air supply unit to the combustion chamber; including, a gasifier. According to claim 1,
The control unit is
setting an air ratio reference value based on the amount of biomass introduced into the combustion chamber;
A gasifier for calculating an air ratio based on the amount of air supplied into the combustion chamber and comparing the calculated air ratio with the set air ratio reference value. 3. The method of claim 2,
The control unit is
When the calculated air ratio is smaller than the air ratio reference value, the gasifier to control the air supply unit to increase the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber. 3. The method of claim 2,
The control unit is
When the calculated air ratio is greater than the air ratio reference value, the gasifier to control the air supply unit to reduce the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber. 3. The method of claim 2,
The control unit is
When the calculated air ratio is the same as the air ratio reference value, the gasifier controls the air supply unit to maintain the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber. According to claim 1,
The gasification device further comprising a; disposed between the air supply unit and the housing, the filter unit for filtering foreign substances generated in the gasification process of the biomass. 7. The method of claim 6,
The control unit based on the flow rate of the gas passing through the filter unit, the gasifier to determine whether the normal state of the filter unit. 8. The method of claim 7,
The control unit is
Setting a reference value for the flow rate of the gas passing through the filter unit,
When the flow rate of the gas passing through the filter is less than the flow rate reference value, it is determined that the filter is in an abnormal state. According to claim 1,
wherein the control unit is a PID controller. According to claim 1,
The control unit is controlled through a Human Machine Interface (HMI) method, the gasifier.

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