KR20220032223A - A Method for Perception of Islanding Operation through Big Data in Renewable Energy Generation System - Google Patents

A Method for Perception of Islanding Operation through Big Data in Renewable Energy Generation System Download PDF

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KR20220032223A
KR20220032223A KR1020200113753A KR20200113753A KR20220032223A KR 20220032223 A KR20220032223 A KR 20220032223A KR 1020200113753 A KR1020200113753 A KR 1020200113753A KR 20200113753 A KR20200113753 A KR 20200113753A KR 20220032223 A KR20220032223 A KR 20220032223A
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big data
renewable energy
frequency
energy generation
generation system
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박동석
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산일전기 주식회사
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06Electricity, gas or water supply
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for recognizing isolated operation by sequentially and continuously applying the existing passive method and the existing active method for isolated operation prevention in continuously supplying generation power to a load by allowing a distributed power source to configure one independent power distribution system when a commercial system is blocked from a power distribution system due to an accident such as a blackout, a ground fault, or the like in isolated operation of a system link type renewable energy generation system. The present invention to achieve the purpose mixes and continuously applies various methods at the same time to make big data and then recognize a change rate of data.

Description

재생에너지 발전시스템의 단독운전 빅데이터화 인지 방법 {A Method for Perception of Islanding Operation through Big Data in Renewable Energy Generation System}{A Method for Perception of Islanding Operation through Big Data in Renewable Energy Generation System}

본 발명은 계통 연계형 재생에너지 발전 시스템에서의 단독운전은 상용 계통이 정전이나 지락 등의 사고로 배전계통과 차단된 경우 분산 전원이 하나의 독립된 배전계통을 구성하여 부하에 발전전력을 지속적으로 공급하게 되는데 이러한 단독운전 방지를 위한 기존 수동적 방법과 능동적 방법을 순차적이며 지속적으로 적용하여 빅데이터화 함으로써 단독운전을 인지하는 방법에 관한 것이다.In the present invention, independent operation in a grid-connected renewable energy power generation system continuously supplies generated power to the load by configuring one independent distribution system in which the commercial system is cut off from the distribution system due to an accident such as a power outage or a ground fault. It relates to a method for recognizing independent driving by sequentially and continuously applying the existing passive and active methods to prevent such independent driving and turning it into big data.

단독운전은 분산전원의 상위 배전선로가 보호장치에 의해 차단되었을 때, 계통과 분리된 상태로 분산전원이 전력 공급을 지속하는 현상이다. 전력계통은 단독운전이 발생한 배전계통의 전압과 주파수를 제어할 수 없으므로 수용가의 부하에 손상을 유발할 수 있고, 전려계통 유지보수 기술자의 선로작업 간 감전사고에 대한 안전성에 문제가 있다. 분산형 전원 발전설비는 이러한 단독운전 상태를 가능한 빨리 검출하여 전력계통으로부터 분산형 전원 발전 설비를 분리해야 한다.Independent operation is a phenomenon in which the distributed power supply continues to supply power in a state separated from the system when the upper distribution line of the distributed power supply is blocked by the protection device. Since the power system cannot control the voltage and frequency of the distribution system in which independent operation has occurred, it may cause damage to the customer's load, and there is a problem in the safety of electric shock accidents between line work of electric system maintenance technicians. Distributed power generation facilities should detect such a standalone operation state as soon as possible and separate the distributed power generation facilities from the power system.

본 발명은 상기한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로서, 본 발명의 목적은 계통 연계형 재생에너지 발전 시스템에서의 단독운전현상에 대하여 기존검출 방법에 대한 단점을 보완한 빅데이터화 인지 방법에 관한 방법을 제공하는 것이다.The present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method related to a big data recognition method that supplements the disadvantages of the existing detection method for a single operation phenomenon in a grid-connected renewable energy power generation system. will provide

단독운전 수동적 방지방법은 계통연계형 태양광 인버터 시스템의 주요 파라미터에 해당되는 전압, 주파수, 위상 등을 관찰하여 검출하는 방식이다. 즉 전압의 과전압/저전압, 주파수의 고주파수/저주파수, PCC 전압과 인버터 출력전류의 위상차의 변화를 관찰하여 단독운전을 방지하는 방법이다. 수동적 방지방법의 대표적인 종류에는 전압 위상 도약 검출방법, 주파수 변화율 검출방법, 제3차 고조파 전압 검출방법 등이 있다. 그러나 수동적 방법은 계통과의 연계되고 있는 정상상태에서도 전력계통의 큰 부하 변동이 순간적으로 발생할 가능성이 있는데, 수동적 방법은 이 상황을 단독운전 상태로 오인하는 오동작 가능성이 존재한다.The passive prevention method of independent operation is a method of detecting and observing the voltage, frequency, and phase corresponding to the main parameters of the grid-connected solar inverter system. That is, it is a method to prevent independent operation by observing changes in the phase difference between the overvoltage/low voltage of the voltage, the high/low frequency of the frequency, and the PCC voltage and the inverter output current. Representative types of passive prevention methods include a voltage phase hopping detection method, a frequency change rate detection method, and a third harmonic voltage detection method. However, in the passive method, there is a possibility that large load fluctuations of the power system may occur instantaneously even in the normal state connected with the system.

그리고 계통과 연계된 정상상태에서 재생에너지 발전 시스템이 담당하는 부하 용량이 계통과 분리 후에도 거의 변화 없다면 연계점 전압의 크기, 주파수 및 위상 변화는 미소량만 발생하게 된다. 이에 의해 전압/주파수 변화량이 검출영역의 허용 범위 내에 속하게 되어 재생에너지 발전 시스템의 단독운전 방지가 불가능할 수 있다.And if the load capacity of the renewable energy generation system in the steady state connected to the grid does not change even after separation from the grid, the magnitude, frequency, and phase change of the connection point voltage will occur only in a small amount. As a result, the amount of voltage/frequency change falls within the allowable range of the detection area, so it may not be possible to prevent independent operation of the renewable energy generation system.

이와 같은 수동적 방법을 보완하기 위해, 계통연계형 태양광 인버터 시스템의 출력전압, 주파수 또는 위상에 임의의 변동을 주어 단독 운전 상태에서의 인버터 시스템의 발전량과 부하의 소모 전력량의 평형 상태를 깨뜨려 전압과 주파수 등의 시스템의 주요 파라미터가 변화 되도록 직접적이고 적극적으로 대응하고 유도하여 단독운전을 검출하는 방법이다. 능동적 방지방법의 대표적인 종류에는 출력 전력 변동 방식, 능동 주파수변이 방식 등이 있다.In order to supplement this passive method, arbitrary fluctuations are given to the output voltage, frequency, or phase of the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter system to break the equilibrium between the amount of power generated by the inverter system and the amount of power consumed by the load in the stand-alone operation state. It is a method to detect independent operation by directly and actively responding and inducing major parameters of the system such as frequency to change. Representative types of the active prevention method include an output power variation method, an active frequency variation method, and the like.

그러나 다수의 인버터가 같은 배전계통에 병렬로 설치된 경우에는 효과가 감소된다는 점이다. 설치된 모든 인버터가 출력 변동 방법이 적용되었다고 해도 각 인버터의 출력 변동의 방향과 시점이 서로 동기되지 않는 한 평균화 효과(averaging effect)로 인하여 변동의 크기가 감소할 가능성이 있기 때문이다. 따라서, 이를 인지하는 것이 불가능한 단점을 지니고 있다.However, when multiple inverters are installed in parallel in the same distribution system, the effect is reduced. This is because, even if the output fluctuation method is applied to all installed inverters, the magnitude of the fluctuation is likely to decrease due to the averaging effect unless the direction and timing of the output fluctuation of each inverter are synchronized with each other. Therefore, it has a disadvantage that it is impossible to recognize it.

이를 해결하기 위해 빅데이터화 인지방법은 다양한 방법을 혼용하여 동시에 지속적으로 적용하여 빅데이터화 한 후 데이터의 변화율을 인지하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In order to solve this problem, the big data recognition method is characterized by recognizing the rate of change of data after converting it into big data by continuously applying various methods at the same time.

기존의 수동적 방식과 능동적 방식 중 모든 방식을 동시에 지속적으로 적용하여 빅데이터화 한 후 데이터의 변화율을 통한 단독운전 인지방법을 제안한다. 단독운전에 의한 선로 유지/보수자의 감전과 같은 근거리 접근 사고가 발생을 줄일 수 있고 배전선의 전기 설비에 악영향을 감소시킬 수 있는 효과가 있다.Among the existing passive and active methods, all methods are continuously applied at the same time to make big data, and then we propose a method for recognizing independent driving through the rate of change of data. It has the effect of reducing the occurrence of short-distance approach accidents such as electric shock of the line maintenance/repairer due to independent operation and reducing the adverse effect on the electrical equipment of the distribution line.

계통 연계형 재생에너지 발전 시스템의 경우 계통이 분리되면 이를 빠르게 인지하여 즉시 발전 동작을 멈추게 함으로서 태양광 발전 시스템이나 배전계통의 설비가 손상을 방지할 수 있는 효과가 있다.In the case of a grid-connected renewable energy generation system, when the grid is disconnected, it is recognized quickly and the power generation operation is stopped immediately, thereby preventing damage to the facilities of the solar power generation system or the distribution system.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 단독운전 빅데이터화에 의한 인지방법 개념도이다.1 is a conceptual diagram of a recognition method by independent driving big dataization according to the present invention.

전압 위상 도약 검출방법, 주파수 변화율 검출방법, 제3차 고조파 전압 검출방법, 출력 전력 변동 방식, 능동 주파수변이 방식을 동시에 지속적으로 계통에 적용한다.Voltage phase hopping detection method, frequency change rate detection method, third harmonic voltage detection method, output power variation method, and active frequency variation method are continuously applied to the system at the same time.

다음 방식을 동시에 지속적으로 계통을 모니터링 및 적용한다.Simultaneously and continuously monitor and apply the system in the following manner:

인버터와 출력전류의 위상을 감시하여 단독운전 발생 시 부하전력의 차이가 발생하며 빅데이터에 의한 전류 위상 급변을 검출하여 단독운전을 판단한다.By monitoring the phase of the inverter and the output current, a difference in load power occurs when an independent operation occurs, and the independent operation is determined by detecting a sudden change in the current phase by big data.

일정 시간동안의 주파수의 변화율을 이용한다. 계통 연계형 태양광 발전 시스템에 대한 주파수 운전 범위는 IEEE 929의 경우 59.3[Hz]~60.5[Hz]로 제한하고 있다, 그리고 계통 주파수 운전 범위를 벗어나는 경우 6사이클 이내에서 전력공급이 차단되도록 규제하고 있다. 빅데이터화 한 주파수 변화율을 판단함으로써 시스템의 감도를 증가 시킬 수 있다.Use the rate of change of frequency over a certain period of time. The frequency operation range for grid-connected photovoltaic system is limited to 59.3 [Hz] ~ 60.5 [Hz] in the case of IEEE 929. there is. By judging the frequency change rate made into big data, the sensitivity of the system can be increased.

고조파 성분을 지속적으로 빅데이터화 하여 단독 운전 발생 시 갑자기 증가한 고조파 성분을 검출하여 단독운전을 판단한다. 정상상태에는 각 조파별 전압의 고조파 성분을 빅데이터화하고 있으며 단독 운전 시 단자 전압의 특정 고조파 성분이 매우 증가하게 되면 단독운전 현상으로 판단한다.Independent operation is judged by continuously converting harmonic components into big data and detecting a sudden increase in harmonic components when single operation occurs. In the steady state, the harmonic component of each harmonic voltage is converted into big data, and when the specific harmonic component of the terminal voltage increases significantly during independent operation, it is judged as a standalone operation phenomenon.

연계형 시스템의 출력전류에 다양한 외란을 인가함으로써 시스템 파라미터가 변화되도록 직접적으로 유도하여 발생하는 특정 패턴을 빅데이터화 하여 단독운전 발생 시 시스템의 발전전력과 부하의 소모 전력의 상태를 파악하여 단독운전을 검출한다.By applying various disturbances to the output current of the linked system, the system parameters are directly induced to change, and a specific pattern that occurs is converted into big data to determine the status of the system's power generation and load power consumption when an independent operation occurs. detect

출력 전류의 주파수를 계통전압의 주파수보다 빠르게 또는 느리게 변화시켜 계통전압 주파수의 변화를 빅데이터화 하고 단독운전 발생 시 계통전압의 주파수에 변화가 발생하는 것을 이용하여 단독운전을 검출한다.By changing the frequency of the output current faster or slower than the frequency of the grid voltage, the change of the grid voltage frequency is converted into big data, and the independent operation is detected by using the occurrence of a change in the frequency of the grid voltage when an independent operation occurs.

도 1과 같이 위에서 제시한 방식을 동시에 지속적으로 적용하여 빅데이터화 한 후 데이터의 변화율을 통한 단독운전을 인지하여 전력계통으로부터 분산형 전원 발전 설비를 분리한다.As shown in Fig. 1, after continuously applying the method presented above to make big data, independent operation is recognized through the rate of data change, and the distributed power generation facility is separated from the power system.

현재 계통연계형 발전시스템에서 큰 관심사로 떠오르는 것중 하나가 다수의 계통연계 시스템이 병렬로 연결되었을 경우 효과적인 단독운전 방법에 관한 것이다. 서로 다른 발전시스템이 병렬로 연결되면 시스템마다 적용된 단독운전 검출방법이 상호작용을 일으켜 검출성능을 저하시키거나 향상될 수 있다. 따라서 본 발명에서 제시한 빅데이터화 단독운전 인지방법을 적용함으로써 다수발전 시스템이 병렬운전 할때 단독운전 발생을 인지할 수 있다.One of the major concerns in the present grid-connected power generation system relates to an effective independent operation method when multiple grid-connected systems are connected in parallel. When different power generation systems are connected in parallel, the single operation detection method applied to each system interacts and the detection performance can be reduced or improved. Therefore, by applying the big dataized single operation recognition method suggested in the present invention, the occurrence of single operation can be recognized when multiple power generation systems are operated in parallel.

Claims (1)

단독운전 방지를 위한 인지 방법에 있어서,
전압 위상 도약 방식, 주파수 변화율 검출방식, 제3차 고조파 전압 검출 방식, 출력 전력 변동 방식, 능동 주파수변이 방식을 순차적이며 지속적으로 적용하여 빅데이터화 함으로써 단독운전을 인지하는 방법
In the recognition method for preventing independent driving,
A method of recognizing independent operation by sequentially and continuously applying voltage phase hopping method, frequency change rate detection method, third harmonic voltage detection method, output power fluctuation method, and active frequency variation method to make big data
KR1020200113753A 2020-09-07 2020-09-07 A Method for Perception of Islanding Operation through Big Data in Renewable Energy Generation System KR20220032223A (en)

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