CN109088395B - Generator protection device based on closed-loop ship power system - Google Patents
Generator protection device based on closed-loop ship power system Download PDFInfo
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a generator protection device based on a closed-loop ship power system, which solves the problem that the existing protection method can not realize the protection of the closed-loop power system, each set of generator protection device collects the relevant data of the running state, and carries out algorithm processing according to the distribution of the power system and the internal model of the generator protection device, thereby realizing fault monitoring and fault judgment on each component in the power system; and outputting an execution signal of the circuit with the fault circuit removed or the damaged circuit removed to the execution element according to the fault judgment, and ensuring the continuous power supply of the non-fault circuit. The method has the advantages that the purpose that as few generator sets as possible provide power supply for as long as possible is achieved, the operating characteristics of the generator sets are deeply mastered through action instructions output by self protection algorithms, when the generator sets are in fault or healthy generator sets reach the boundary of the fault, only fault loops are cut off as soon as possible, the fault related range is minimized, and meanwhile, the selectivity of the system is considered, and continuous power supply of non-fault loops is guaranteed to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ship power protection device, in particular to a generator protection device based on a closed-loop ship power system.
Background
With the implementation of energy saving and emission reduction policies and the rapid development of power system protection technologies, the ship industry is more and more concerned about the related application of adopting a closed-loop power system on a DP2/DP3 dynamic positioning ship. Compared with the open-loop power system operation scheme adopted by the traditional DP2/DP3 dynamic positioning system, the method has the advantages of reducing oil consumption and exhaust emission, reducing the operation cost of a diesel engine and increasing the flexibility of dynamic positioning propulsion. However, operating the system in closed ring/closed bus mode has the disadvantage that it may be susceptible to faults, and therefore any fault, such as a short circuit fault in the system or a potential fault in the generator, may cause the entire ship to be powered down. For dynamic positioning ships with high risk of operation for ships, human life and the environment, it is necessary to try to avoid power failure. Therefore, for a vessel using DP2/DP3 for dynamic positioning, when using close ring/close bus tie, additional protection devices must be installed to achieve proper protection and isolation.
According to the related requirements of DNV specification, aiming at DP2/DP3, a ship adopting a system operated by close bus tie or close is required to be designed with an enhanced protection system (EGP) specially aiming at generator set faults, wherein the EGP is a protection device independent of an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and a prime motor speed regulator, and can be coordinated with a system level protection function to prevent the occurrence of system power-loss faults and ensure the reliable operation of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a generator protection device based on a closed-loop ship power system, which aims at the problem that a closed-loop power operation system is adopted for protecting and improving an engine in power positioning, comprises the basic protection function of a traditional protection device, can identify faults which cannot be confirmed by a traditional relay, provides a redundant system protection concept, and can be selectively matched with a system-level protection scheme.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a generator protection device based on a closed-loop ship power system comprises a generator protection device control box, a UPS module and a remote monitoring station, wherein each generator is provided with an independent generator protection device, and each set of generator protection device is supplied with power by a UPS special for each bus section; each set of generator protection device and the corresponding distribution board, energy management system, automatic voltage regulation device, speed regulator and propulsion control system are in data communication through interface interaction, data real-time exchange is realized among different generator protection devices through a bus communication mode, and each generator protection device is in communication with a remote monitoring station through a network cable;
each set of generator protection device collects the rotating speed, frequency, active power and rack position running state of the generator, and carries out fault monitoring and fault judgment on the generator speed regulator; each set of generator protection device collects the reactive power of the generator, the exciting current and the power grid voltage, and carries out monitoring and fault judgment on the automatic voltage regulating device; each set of generator protection device acquires the voltage, current, power and related breaker state signals of a power grid on a distribution board in real time, performs start-stop control instruction and state information interaction of the generator with an energy management system, and performs fault monitoring and fault judgment on faults caused by self faults of the automatic voltage regulating device, the speed regulator, the comprehensive relay protection device and the generator protection device; the protection device outputs an execution signal for cutting off a fault loop or removing a damaged circuit to the execution element according to the fault judgment, and continuous power supply of a non-fault loop is ensured.
The generator protection device carries out fault monitoring and fault judgment on the generator speed regulator:
the generator protection device control strategy is based on a voting system, and through a built internal generator model, the load distribution set point of the model and the deviation between the calculated estimated value and the actually measured active power, rotating speed, rack position and power grid frequency of the system are continuously compared, and the related parameter state of a distribution board where each generator is located and the states of other generator protection devices are monitored in real time;
the generator protection device adjusts a generator according to droop characteristics or constant frequency characteristics of power system distribution data, if actual measurement parameters of the system do not conform to an internal generator model at the moment, the generator protection device sends state signals to an energy management system to send alarm signals and start a standby generator set, and sends estimated active power of the generator and grid frequency to an internal speed regulator fault model to judge, and if deviation between the estimated data and the actual measurement parameters exceeds the limit specified by the speed regulator fault model, the generator protection device sends a generator circuit breaker tripping instruction or sends a bus-tie bridging circuit breaker tripping instruction.
The generator protection device carries out fault monitoring and fault judgment of the automatic voltage regulating device: the generator protection device control strategy is based on a voting system, and continuously compares the load distribution set point of an internal generator model and the deviation between the calculated estimated value and the actually measured reactive power, exciting current and power grid voltage of the system through the built internal generator model, and monitors the relevant parameter state of a distribution board where each generator is located and the states of other generator protection devices in real time;
the generator protection device adopts droop characteristics to adjust the generator according to power system distribution data, if actual measurement parameters of the system do not conform to an internal generator model at the moment, state signals are sent to an energy management system to send alarm signals and start a standby generator set, estimated generator reactive power, exciting current and grid voltage at the moment are sent to an internal automatic voltage regulating device fault model to be judged, and if deviation between the estimated data and the actual measurement parameters exceeds the limit specified by the automatic voltage regulating device fault model, the generator protection device sends a generator breaker tripping instruction or sends a bus-tie bridging breaker tripping instruction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a generator protection device based on a closed-loop ship power system, which aims to realize that as few generator sets as possible provide power supply for as long as possible, and the design aim is to ensure that only a fault loop is cut off as soon as possible when the generator sets have faults or healthy generator sets reach the boundary of the faults through action instructions output by a self protection algorithm and through deep mastering of the working characteristics of the generator sets, so that the related range of the faults is minimized, and simultaneously, the selectivity of the system is considered, and continuous power supply of a non-fault loop is ensured to the maximum extent, so that the safe and reliable operation of the whole power system is improved. The device has the obvious advantages that when a system fault occurs, the device can only isolate one fault generator set or one section of busbar, and the influence range of the fault is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a generator protection device based on a closed-loop ship power system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a fault detection control strategy for a generator protection device in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the power-frequency droop characteristics of a single unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a normal state of active load distribution of two units according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an abnormal state 1 of the distribution of the active loads of the two units according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an abnormal state 2 of the distribution of the active loads of the two units according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block flow diagram of a fault algorithm 1 for a speed regulator of a generator set in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a block flow diagram of a fault algorithm 2 for a speed regulator of a generator set in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of voltage-reactive droop characteristics for a single unit of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the normal state of reactive load distribution for two units according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of an abnormal state 1 of reactive load distribution for two units according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of an abnormal reactive load distribution state 2 of two units according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an AVR fault algorithm for a generator set in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a block flow diagram of a general failure algorithm 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a block flow diagram of a general failure algorithm 2 of the present invention;
fig. 16 is a block flow diagram of the general fault algorithm 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in the architecture diagram of the generator protection device of the closed-loop ship power system shown in fig. 1, each generator set is provided with an independent generator protection device (EGP), and the independent generator protection device interacts with interfaces of a distribution board, an energy management system (PMS), an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR), a speed regulator and other devices to perform data communication; and selecting a proper hardware platform to meet the requirements of quick sampling, quick operation, quick judgment and quick action of the system and ensure the stability and reliability of the operation of the system. Each generator protection device (EGP) is supplied by a UPS dedicated to each bus section, and in addition, a 24Vdc supply is taken from the ship charging and discharging panels to ensure redundancy of the device supply.
The EGP systems of different generator sets realize data real-time exchange in a bus communication mode and have a certain communication redundancy function, and each set of EGP system is provided with a plurality of digital input/output and analog input/output modules and communication interface modules; the system collects relevant information of running states such as the rotating speed, the frequency, the active power and the rack position of the generator in real time through a generator speed regulator and an independent sensor of an EGP system, collects relevant information of the generator such as grid voltage, reactive power and exciting current through an automatic voltage regulator of the generator and the independent sensor of the EGP system, for some special states, some independent sensors are configured for collection, meanwhile, the EGP system collects the grid voltage, the current, the power and relevant breaker state signals on a distribution board in real time, and control instructions such as starting and stopping of the generator set and state information interaction can be carried out between the EGP system and an energy management system. And each generator protection device is communicated with a remote monitoring station through a network cable.
The generator protection device has the basic functions that the protection device can quickly detect faults and automatically and quickly act to cut off a fault loop and remove a damaged circuit, and meanwhile, the protection device can also selectively act to only cut off the fault loop and ensure continuous power supply of a non-fault loop.
According to the mode of the generator protection device function and the fault criterion, all faults are divided into three faults of generator set speed regulator fault, generator AVR fault and general fault by combining the protection function design of the table 1.
TABLE 1
For a generator set speed regulator fault, the EGP control system strategy is based on a voting system, as shown in the generator protection device fault detection control strategy diagram of fig. 2: through the built internal generator model, the EGP system continuously compares the load distribution set point of the internal generator model with the deviation between the calculated estimated value and the actual measured value of the speed control system, each generator is provided with the independent EGP system, and the system can monitor the relevant parameter state of a distribution board where each generator set is located and the states of other EGP systems in real time.
The EGP system adjusts the corresponding internal generator model according to the droop characteristic or the constant frequency characteristic adopted by the distribution data of the power system, if the actual measurement parameters of the system do not conform to the internal generator model at the moment, the EGP system sends state signals to the energy management system to send alarm signals and start a standby generator set, and sends the active power and the grid frequency of the generator evaluated at the moment to the internal speed regulator fault model for judgment, if the deviation between the evaluation data and the actual measurement parameters exceeds the limit specified by the speed regulator fault model, the EGP system sends a generator circuit breaker tripping instruction, and under certain fault conditions, a bus tie circuit breaker tripping instruction is also sent, particularly when the load factor of the power system is very low.
According to the requirements of relevant specifications of classification societies such as DNV and the like, in combination with relevant control functions of an EGP system, in order to ensure the accuracy and stability of load distribution, a digital speed regulator device with a real-time system active power detection function is configured, and a speed droop operation mode is adopted. In this case, it is assumed that the rated frequency of the generator set is 60Hz, and the frequency reduction range is about ± 2.5%, which will not adversely affect the relevant characteristics of the power system.
According to the above parameters, an active-frequency droop curve can be drawn as shown in fig. 3: according to the preset speed droop characteristic, the current detection frequency F can be setWhen in useCalculating to obtain theoretical active power PTheory of thingsSimilarly, the active power P can be detected currentlyWhen in useTo obtain a theoretical frequency FTheory of thingsThe deviation between the theoretical value and the current value is compared to diagnose the fault.
As shown in fig. 4, when the two units are normally operated in parallel, the two units both operate at 60Hz and 50% near the droop curve, assuming that the total load of the power grid of the power system is 100%, and are equally divided by the two units.
When the generator machineWhen the group 2 has an excessive fuel fault, the generator unit 2 starts to absorb more system active power and shifts to a high-frequency section along an abnormal path (parallel movement in a rectangular frame in fig. 4), and meanwhile, as the frequency of the power grid increases, the healthy generator unit 1 moves along a droop curve along with the increase of the frequency and the reduction of the load, and the two units reach a stable state each other and keep at a new stable point within a period of time, as shown in fig. 5, an abnormal state 1 diagram of the active load distribution of the two units is shown, the frequency of the power grid is stabilized at 60.57Hz, the load distributed by the unit 1 is 12%, and the load distributed by the unit 2 is 88%. F at this time by the computer group 2When in use、FTheory of things、PWhen in use、PTheory of thingsIf a large deviation is found, the fault 2 (high frequency-high active power) is determined, and the EGP system sends out a tripping instruction of a circuit breaker of the generator set 2.
If the unit 2 is not stopped due to a fault at this time, when the fuel amount of the unit 2 continues to increase, the unit 2 needs to absorb more system active power and transfers to a higher frequency section, meanwhile, as the frequency of a power grid increases, the healthy generator unit 1 is forced to absorb reverse power, the frequency exceeds the idle frequency, as shown in fig. 6, two units have an abnormal active load distribution state 2, the frequency of the power grid is 60.98Hz, the unit 1 runs with 15% of reverse power, the unit 2 distributes 115% of load, the unit 1 has a fault 3, in a period of fault occurrence, the EGP should open and close the generator switch of the unit 2 in advance, but the unit 2 cannot complete setting of alarm or action, so that the unit 1 also has a fault, and this situation serves as backup protection of the unit 2, and the EGP opens the brake and bridges a circuit breaker to isolate the faulty unit 2.
In combination with the above description of the governor control strategy, faults 1-8 in table 1 are hierarchically designed step by step for such faults.
Aiming at the faults of the speed regulating system of the generator, algorithm design is mainly carried out on the faults 1 and 2 which are relatively complex. As shown in fig. 7, when the EGP is operating normally, it is first detected whether a corresponding unit is operating and switched on, and whether a parallel operation condition exists currently, and if the EGP is operating in parallel, then a fault 1 and a fault 2 are shielded, so as to avoid affecting the normal parallel operation. And when the generator is in an ordinary working condition, calculating and comparing the detected generator frequency, active power, rack position and droop curve according to the control strategy to obtain a current theoretical value. When the alarm condition is met, whether the current unit is the last unit or not still needs to be judged, the power loss of the whole ship is avoided, and then the generator switch tripping and the bridging switch tripping are carried out through quick action.
In the generator speed regulator fault, other related faults exist, and the following is briefly designed for faults 5 and 7. The control algorithm is simple, the fault condition is judged through a single signal, and a specific algorithm flow diagram is shown in fig. 8.
For a generator set AVR fault, the control system strategy is based on a voting system, as shown in fig. 2: through the built internal generator model, the EGP system continuously compares the load distribution set point of the internal generator model and the deviation between the calculated estimated value and the actual measured value reactive power, exciting current and grid voltage of the system, each generator set is provided with the independent EGP system, and the system can monitor the relevant parameter state of a distribution board where each generator set is located and the states of other EGP systems in real time.
If the measured parameters of the system do not accord with the internal model at the moment, the EGP system sends a state signal to the energy management system to send an alarm signal and start a standby generator set, and sends the estimated reactive power of the generator, exciting current and grid voltage to the internal AVR fault model for judgment, if the deviation between the estimated data and the measured parameters exceeds the limit specified by the AVR fault model, the EGP system sends a tripping instruction of a generator circuit breaker, and under the condition of model fault, a tripping instruction of a bus-coupled jumper circuit breaker can be sent, particularly when the load rate of the power system is very low.
According to the requirements of relevant specifications of classification societies such as DNV and the like, in combination with the relevant control function of an EGP system, in order to ensure the accuracy and stability of load distribution, an AVR device with a real-time detection system reactive power function is configured, and a voltage droop operation mode is adopted. In this case, it is assumed that the rated voltage of the generator set is 11kV, and the voltage drop range is about ± 2.5%, which will not adversely affect the relevant characteristics of the power system.
From the above parameters, a reactive-voltage droop curve for the genset can be plotted as shown in fig. 9: according to the preset voltage droop characteristic, the current detection voltage U can be detectedWhen in useCalculating to obtain theoretical reactive power QTheory of thingsSimilarly, the reactive power Q can be detected currentlyWhen in useTo obtain a theoretical voltage UTheory of thingsThe deviation between the theoretical value and the current value is compared to diagnose the fault.
As shown in fig. 10, when the two units are normally connected in parallel, the two units both operate at 60Hz and 50% near the droop curve, the total reactive power of the power grid is 100%, and the two units are equally divided.
When the unit 2 has an overexcitation fault, the unit 2 starts to absorb more system reactive power and transfers to a high-voltage section along an abnormal path (moving in parallel in a rectangular frame in fig. 10), and meanwhile, as the voltage of the power grid rises, the healthy generator 1 moves along a droop curve along the rising of the voltage and the reduction of the reactive power, the two units are mutually stabilized and are kept at a new stable point within a period of time, as shown in fig. 11, the reactive load distribution abnormal state 1 of the two units is shown, the voltage of the power grid is stabilized at 11117V, the load distributed by the unit 1 is 12%, and the load distributed by the unit 2 is 88%. At this time, U through the computer group 2When in use、UTheory of things、QWhen in use、QTheory of thingsA large deviation is found and it is determined as a failure 9 (overexcitation).
When excitation of the unit 2 continues to increase, the unit 2 needs to absorb more system reactive power and transfer to a higher voltage section, meanwhile, as the voltage of the power grid increases, the healthy generator unit 1 is forced to absorb inverse reactive power, and the voltage exceeds the no-load voltage, as shown in fig. 12, two unit reactive load distribution abnormal state 2 diagrams are shown, the voltage is 11191V, the unit 1 runs inverse reactive 15%, the unit 2 distributes 115% of load, the unit 1 breaks down 11, in a period of time when the fault occurs, the EGP should open and close the generator switch of the unit 2 in advance, but the unit 2 cannot complete setting alarm or action, so that the unit 1 also breaks down, and this situation serves as backup protection of the unit 2, the EGP opens and closes the generator cross switch, and isolates the unit 2.
In conjunction with the AVR fault control strategy description above, faults 9-14 in table 1 are progressively itemized for such faults.
Aiming at the AVR fault of the generator, algorithm design is mainly carried out on the faults 9 and 10 which are relatively complicated. As shown in the flowchart of the AVR fault algorithm of the generator set shown in fig. 13, when the EGP is operating normally, it is first detected whether the corresponding generator set is operating and switched on, and whether a parallel operation condition exists currently, and if the EGP is operating in parallel operation currently, the fault 9 and the fault 10 are shielded, so that normal parallel operation is prevented from being affected. And when the generator is in an ordinary working condition, calculating and comparing the detected voltage, reactive power, exciting current and droop curves of the generator according to the control strategy to obtain the current theoretical value. When the alarm condition is met, whether the current unit is the last unit or not still needs to be judged, the power loss of the whole ship is avoided, and then the generator switch tripping and the bridging switch tripping are carried out through quick action.
Aiming at general faults, the faults are caused by faults of an EGP system and related equipment, the EGP system carries out fault monitoring and fault judgment on faults caused by the faults of an automatic voltage regulating device, a speed regulator, a comprehensive relay protection device and a generator protection device, the faults can be self-diagnosed, fault input is provided by the fault equipment, and the fault input mainly comprises faults 15-24 in the table 1.
As shown in the flow chart of the general fault algorithm 1 shown in fig. 14, the flow chart of the general fault algorithm 2 shown in fig. 15, and the flow chart of the general fault algorithm 3 shown in fig. 16, for a general fault, the control algorithm of the fault type usually performs fault judgment through a single signal, and hereinafter, the brief control algorithm design is mainly performed for some faults with obvious characteristics.
The device can monitor relevant hidden faults existing in the system in real time, if one section of bus fails at a certain moment, because a hidden fault such as a breaker does not trip to isolate the fault, an adjacent EGP system can be used as secondary protection to isolate the fault bus, so that the purpose of fault isolation is achieved, and the maximum failure mode design required by a dynamic positioning system can be achieved although the system loses one section of bus and corresponding propellers and generator sets on the bus.
Claims (2)
1. A generator protection device based on a closed-loop ship power system comprises a generator protection device control box, a UPS module and a remote monitoring station, wherein each generator is provided with an independent generator protection device, and each set of generator protection device is supplied with power by a UPS special for each bus section; each set of generator protection device and the corresponding distribution board, energy management system, automatic voltage regulation device, speed regulator and propulsion control system are in data communication through interface interaction, data real-time exchange is realized among different generator protection devices through a bus communication mode, and each generator protection device is in communication with a remote monitoring station through a network cable;
each set of generator protection device collects the rotating speed, frequency, active power and rack position running state of the generator, and carries out fault monitoring and fault judgment on the generator speed regulator; each set of generator protection device collects the reactive power of the generator, the exciting current and the power grid voltage, and carries out monitoring and fault judgment on the automatic voltage regulating device; each set of generator protection device acquires the voltage, current, power and related breaker state signals of a power grid on a distribution board in real time, performs start-stop control instruction and state information interaction of the generator with an energy management system, and performs fault monitoring and fault judgment on faults caused by self faults of the automatic voltage regulating device, the speed regulator, the comprehensive relay protection device and the generator protection device; the protection device outputs an execution signal for cutting off a fault loop or removing a damaged circuit to the execution element according to the fault judgment, and continuous power supply of a non-fault loop is ensured;
the generator protection device is characterized in that the generator speed regulator fault monitoring and fault judgment are carried out:
the generator protection device control strategy is based on a voting system, and through a built internal generator model, the load distribution set point of the model and the deviation between the calculated estimated value and the actually measured active power, rotating speed, rack position and power grid frequency of the system are continuously compared, and the related parameter state of a distribution board where each generator is located and the states of other generator protection devices are monitored in real time;
the generator protection device adjusts a generator according to droop characteristics or constant frequency characteristics of power system distribution data, if actual measurement parameters of the system do not conform to an internal generator model at the moment, the generator protection device sends state signals to an energy management system to send alarm signals and start a standby generator set, and sends estimated active power of the generator and grid frequency to an internal speed regulator fault model to judge, and if deviation between the estimated data and the actual measurement parameters exceeds the limit specified by the speed regulator fault model, the generator protection device sends a generator circuit breaker tripping instruction or sends a bus-tie bridging circuit breaker tripping instruction.
2. The generator protection device based on the closed-loop ship power system of claim 1, wherein the generator protection device performs fault monitoring and fault determination of an automatic voltage regulation device: the generator protection device control strategy is based on a voting system, and continuously compares the load distribution set point of an internal generator model and the deviation between the calculated estimated value and the actually measured reactive power, exciting current and power grid voltage of the system through the built internal generator model, and monitors the relevant parameter state of a distribution board where each generator is located and the states of other generator protection devices in real time;
the generator protection device adopts droop characteristics to adjust the generator according to power system distribution data, if actual measurement parameters of the system do not conform to an internal generator model at the moment, state signals are sent to an energy management system to send alarm signals and start a standby generator set, estimated generator reactive power, exciting current and grid voltage at the moment are sent to an internal automatic voltage regulating device fault model to be judged, and if deviation between the estimated data and the actual measurement parameters exceeds the limit specified by the automatic voltage regulating device fault model, the generator protection device sends a generator breaker tripping instruction or sends a bus-tie bridging breaker tripping instruction.
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