KR20220014024A - Photometer and Radiometer using Embedded sensor module having Solar Cell and Thermocouple - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a photometer and radiometer system using an embedded sensor module, comprising: an embedded sensor module having a solar cell configured to receive sunlight to generate electric energy; a first measurement unit configured to measure the electric energy generated by the solar cell of the embedded sensor module; a light intensity conversion unit configured to convert a measurement of the electric energy from the first measuring unit into a light intensity value; and a total radiation calculation unit configured to receive the light intensity value to calculate a total radiation value. The embedded sensor module further includes a thermocouple configured to receive wavelength energy emitted from various light sources. The photometer and radiometer system further comprises: a second measurement unit configured to measure electrical energy from the thermocouple of the embedded sensor module; a temperature conversion unit configured to convert a measurement of the electric energy from the second measurement unit into a temperature value; and a radiation conversion unit configured to convert the temperature value from the temperature conversion unit into a radiation value. The total radiation calculation unit may receive the light intensity value and radiation value to calculate a total radiation value.

Description

Photometer and Radiometer using Embedded sensor module having Solar Cell and Thermocouple}

The present invention relates to a technology that utilizes solar energy, and more particularly, a solar cell capable of efficiently controlling an equipment using solar energy or a system using solar energy by measuring the luminous intensity and/or radiant energy of solar energy And it relates to a photometer and radiometer system using an embedded sensor module having a thermocouple.

With the impending depletion of available petrochemical fuels on Earth, other forms of energy sources such as solar power, wind power, hydro power, etc. are being actively utilized by people to replace petrochemical fuels.

In particular, technology for generating power using solar energy has a low initial investment cost and can be stably and continuously developed as long as the amount of sunlight is satisfied, so power generation equipment and technologies for solar energy are widely commercialized.

In addition, as for solar energy, there are industries that directly utilize solar energy as well as power generation, and a representative example is agriculture.

As such, for efficient management or operation of a solar energy generation system or a utilization system, measurement of luminous intensity and radiant energy from solar energy is required.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2015-0012196 Korea Utility Model Publication No. 20-2009-0005568 Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-1290126

The present invention provides a photometer and radiometer system using an embedded sensor module having a solar cell and a thermocouple for measuring the luminous intensity and/or radiant energy from solar energy for efficient management or operation of a solar energy generation system or utilization system. for that purpose

To this end, the present invention provides an embedded sensor module having a solar cell for generating electric energy by receiving sunlight; a first measurement unit for measuring the electric energy generated by the solar cell of the embedded sensor module; a light intensity conversion unit converting the electric energy measured value from the first measuring unit into a light intensity value; and a total radiation calculation unit configured to receive the light intensity value and calculate a total radiation value.

In addition, the embedded sensor module further includes a thermocouple for receiving wavelength energy emitted from various light sources, and a second measurement unit for measuring electrical energy from the thermocouple of the embedded sensor module; a temperature conversion unit converting the electrical energy measurement value from the second measurement unit into a temperature value; and a radiation conversion unit that converts the temperature value from the temperature conversion unit into a radiation value, wherein the total radiation calculation unit receives the luminance value and the radiation value to calculate a total radiation value.

In addition, the embedded sensor module is composed of a solar cell and a thermocouple located on the lower surface of the solar cell, and the first measuring unit is connected to the anode of the solar cell to measure the electrical energy generated by the solar electricity, , The second measurement unit is connected to the metals constituting the thermocouple, characterized in that the measurement of the electrical energy generated by the thermocouple.

In addition, the embedded sensor module includes a first solar cell, a first thermocouple positioned on a lower surface of the first solar cell, an insulating pad positioned on a lower surface of the first thermocouple, and a lower surface of the insulating pad. and a second thermocouple positioned on the second thermocouple, and a second solar cell positioned on a lower surface of the second thermocouple, wherein the first measurement unit is connected to the first and second solar cells and the first and second solar cells Measures the electrical energy generated by the second measurement unit is connected to the first and second thermocouples characterized in that for measuring the electrical energy generated by the first and second thermocouples.

In addition, the solar cell efficiency correction unit for generating a temperature coefficient corresponding to the temperature value output by the temperature conversion unit and providing it to the light intensity conversion unit; further comprising, wherein the light intensity conversion unit corrects the converted luminance value according to the temperature coefficient It is characterized by

In addition, the luminous intensity conversion unit changes the solar cell efficiency according to Equation 1 according to the temperature coefficient, and multiplies the solar cell efficiency by the converted luminous intensity value to correct it.

[Equation 1]

Solar cell efficiency (η, %) = [Output electrical energy (W/m ² )] / [Light energy incident on 1 m ² (W/m ² )] x 100.

Output electrical energy (W/m ² )= [Considering temperature coefficient I _SC ] x [Considering temperature coefficient V _OC ]

Calculate the temperature coefficient I _SC = {1 + (α / 100) ⅹ (T _mod - 25)} ⅹ I _SC

Calculate the temperature coefficient V _OC = {1 + (β / 100) ⅹ (T _mod - 25)} ⅹ V _OC

In Equation 2, the light energy (W/m ² ) incident on 1m ² of the solar cell is predetermined, and the short-circuit current (I _SC, A) and the open-circuit voltage (V _OC , V) are provided from the first measurement unit, , the temperature coefficient (T _mod ) is provided by the solar cell efficiency correction unit, α is the temperature coefficient of the short circuit current (I _SC, A) (α, %/K), β is the temperature of the open circuit voltage (V _OC ,V) Coefficient (β, %/K), γ is the temperature coefficient (γ, %/K) of the output (P _MPP ,W) is predetermined.

According to another aspect of the present invention, through an embedded sensor module having a solar cell generating electrical energy by receiving sunlight, measuring the electrical energy generated from the solar cell; converting the electrical energy measurement value into a luminance value; and calculating a total radiation value by receiving the light intensity value.

In addition, the embedded sensor module further includes a thermocouple for receiving wavelength energy emitted from various light sources, and measuring the electrical energy from the thermocouple; converting a measured value of electrical energy from the thermocouple into a temperature value; converting the temperature value into a radiation value; and calculating a total radiation value by receiving the luminance value and the radiation value.

The method may further include generating a temperature coefficient corresponding to the temperature value and correcting the converted luminance value according to the temperature coefficient.

The present invention is a photometer and radiometer system using an embedded sensor module having a solar cell and/or a thermocouple, and has low cost and excellent durability compared to existing photometer and radiometer systems, so that it can be used in harsh conditions for a long period of time.

In addition, since it is possible to directly supply power using a solar cell or mix a charging system using a battery, there is an advantage in that the system can be simplified and implemented in a simple and compact manner.

In addition, when applied to the agricultural field, various control devices such as relays, solenoid valves, ventilation window motors, and screen motors to which the embedded sensor module and system are applied control the irrigation time of crops, garden plants, and warm-planted crops according to the light intensity and radiant energy level. And it has the advantage of being able to irrigate by controlling the amount of irrigation. Accordingly, in the case of the existing timer method, when irrigation is not required, such as on cloudy or rainy days, unless an expensive photometer or rainfall sensor is used, the user has to manually stop and use the system. By applying the photometer and radiometer system using the embedded sensor module according to the present invention, it is possible to automatically and efficiently control the system, thereby solving such inconvenience.

In addition, the system according to the present invention can be used to control opening and closing of ventilation windows and screens.

1 is a configuration diagram of a photometer and radiometer system using an embedded sensor module having a solar cell and a thermocouple according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a block diagram of an embedded sensor module having a solar cell and a thermocouple according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The present invention makes it possible to efficiently control a system powered by solar energy by measuring the luminous intensity and/or radiant energy of the sun.

Prior to the detailed description of the present invention, a solar cell and a thermocouple will be first described.

The phenomenon in which light energy is converted into electricity is called the photovoltaic effect, and such an electric device is called a solar cell, a photovoltaic cell, or simply a photovoltaic cell. The solar cell is called a photovoltaic cell because its light source is the sun, but it also works with artificial light.

Devices that change electrical properties such as current, voltage, and resistance when exposed to light are collectively called photoelectric devices, and a solar cell is one of these devices.

And in a thermocouple (thermocouple), when two types of metals are combined, if the temperatures at both ends of the junction are different from each other, a thermoelectric phenomenon occurs in which current flows between the two metals. Able to know. A device that measures the temperature of a high-heat furnace using this thermoelectric phenomenon is called a thermocouple, and there are platinum-platinum rhodium thermocouples, chromel-alumel thermocouples, iron-constantan thermocouples, copper-constantan thermocouples, etc. .

The present invention provides a photometer and a radiometer system using an embedded sensor module having a solar cell and a thermocouple.

<Configuration of photometer and radiometer system using embedded sensor module with solar cell and thermocouple>

1 shows the configuration of a photometer and radiometer system utilizing an embedded sensor module having a solar cell and a thermocouple according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1 , the photometer and the radiometer according to the present invention include a solar cell 100 , a thermocouple 110 , a first measurement unit 200 , a light intensity conversion unit 202 , and a light intensity output unit 204, a total radiation calculation unit 206, a radiation value output unit 208, a second measurement unit 300, a temperature conversion unit 302, a solar cell efficiency correction unit 304, It is composed of a copy conversion unit (306).

Solar radiation energy or wavelength energy emitted from various light sources, ie, long-wave and short-wave energy, is input to the solar cell 100 and the thermocouple 110 .

The solar cell 100 has electrodes 102 and 108 positioned on the upper and lower surfaces, and is composed of N-type silicon 104 and P-type silicon 106 on the inside, and receives light composed of long wave and short wave to generate electric energy.

The thermocouple 110 is positioned under the electrode 108 of the solar cell 100 to generate electrical energy according to a temperature that changes according to solar thermal energy.

The first measurement unit 200 is connected between the electrodes 102 and 108 of the solar cell 100 to measure the electrical energy generated by the solar cell 100 and provide it to the light intensity conversion unit 202 . The electrical energy is measured through voltage and current.

The light intensity conversion unit 202 converts the electrical energy into a light intensity value and outputs it through the light intensity value output unit 204 and provides it to the total radiation calculator 206 . Here, the efficiency (η, %) of the solar cell 100 decreases as the temperature ( ^o C and K) increases. Accordingly, the luminous intensity conversion unit 202 receives the temperature coefficient provided by the solar cell efficiency correction unit 304, calculates an efficiency correction value, and corrects the luminance value according to the efficiency correction value. That is, the luminance conversion unit 202 corrects the luminance value by multiplying the luminance value converted according to the electric energy by the efficiency correction value.

The efficiency correction value is calculated according to Equation (1).

In Equation 1, the light energy (W/m ² ) incident on 1m ² is predetermined, and the short-circuit current I _SC, A and the open-circuit voltage V _OC , V are provided from the first measurement unit 200 . and the temperature coefficient (T _mod ) is provided from the solar cell efficiency correction unit 304, α is the temperature coefficient (α, %/K) of the short circuit current (I _SC, A), β is the open circuit voltage (V _OC , The temperature coefficient (β, %/K) of V), γ is the temperature coefficient (γ, %/K) of the output (P _MPP ,W) is predetermined.

The luminance value output unit 204 outputs the luminance value output by the luminance conversion unit 202 .

The second current measurement unit 300 measures the current output from the thermocouple 110 and provides it to the temperature conversion unit 302 .

The temperature conversion unit 302 converts the current value into a temperature value and provides it to the radiation conversion unit 306 and the solar cell efficiency correction unit 304 .

The solar cell efficiency correction unit 304 outputs a predetermined temperature coefficient corresponding to the temperature value and provides it to the light intensity conversion unit 202 .

The radiation conversion unit 306 converts the temperature value provided by the temperature conversion unit 302 into a radiation value and provides it to the total radiation calculation unit 206 .

The total radiation calculation unit 206 adds the light intensity value (W/m ² ) provided by the light intensity conversion unit 202 and the radiation value (W/m ² ) provided by the radiation conversion unit 306 to total radiation. The value is calculated and outputted through the copy value output unit 208 . Here, the total radiation value may be derived and utilized as an instantaneous light amount (energy, Watt) or a cumulative light amount (energy: Jule) value.

As such, the present invention uses solar radiation energy or wavelength energy from various light sources, that is, long-wave and short-wave energy using a solar cell and a thermocouple (Themocouple). This is to measure with a module system, and after measuring the light energy obtained through the solar cell module as a static pressure (v) or current (mA) value, it is converted into luminous intensity or radiant energy (W/m ² ). In addition, the value can be derived and utilized as an instantaneous light amount (energy, Watt) or integrated light amount (energy: Jule) value. In addition, the energy (W/m ² ) obtained as thermal energy (Long-wave) is measured as a current (mA) value obtained through a thermocouple (thermocouple) attached to the solar cell module, and then the temperature ( ^o C and K) and the area of the solar cell module are taken into consideration and converted into a radiant energy (W/m ² ) value.

The total radiant energy is calculated by adding the light energy (W/m ² ) obtained from the solar cell and the radiant energy (W/m ² ) through the thermocouple (thermocouple), and the efficiency (η, %) of the solar cell is the temperature ( ^o Since the efficiency decreases as C and K) rise, the efficiency is converted to the temperature value of the module measured by the thermocouple considering the temperature coefficient and used.

Through this, the instantaneous light quantity (W/m ² ) and accumulated light quantity (J/cm ² ) values derived through the embedded sensor module having a solar cell and a thermocouple can be used with various devices such as relays, on/off switches, electronic valves, motors, etc. It can be used to control the same device.

Now, an application example of a photometer and a radiometer system using an embedded sensor module having a solar cell and a thermocouple according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described.

<Example of application in agriculture>

In agriculture, the amount of light and radiant energy are important control factors. First, the method of deriving the accumulated light amount from the instantaneous light amount is as follows. When the instantaneous amount of light per second from the light source reaches 100W/m ² for 1 hour, the accumulated light amount is 36J/cm ² . Here, 1W = 1J/sec, 100J/sec x 3600sec/1000cm ² = 36J/cm ² . That is, the amount of instantaneous light per second (W/m ² ) can be accumulated for 1 hour to calculate the accumulated light amount, that is, light energy (J/cm ² ). For example, on a sunny day in summer, about 3000 J/cm ² of solar radiation reaches the earth's surface. Plants release water in the form of water vapor into the air through the stomata of leaves, which is called transpiration. Through transpiration, plants maintain photosynthesis and body temperature and absorb nutrients and water. The main driving force for transpiration is solar radiation, that is, light energy. If the leaf area index [Leaf Area Index: LAI, that is, the area occupied by the leaves of a plant per soil unit area (m ² ) (m ² )] is 3 or more, the plant can receive most of the solar radiation energy that reaches the leaves with the leaves. . At this time, about 2ml of water is evaporated per 1J/cm ² of the light energy received. As much as this transpiration amount, plants must absorb water again through the roots to maintain body temperature and photosynthesis without withering. That is, at least the plant needs as much water as it has transpired.

Therefore, it is possible to control irrigation more efficiently and accurately in the agricultural field by using a photometer and a radiometer using an embedded sensor module of a solar cell-thermocouple.

The user can efficiently control the amount and interval of watering through the accumulated light. Daylight hours, sunrise times and sunset times vary by region and season. However, it is possible to accurately measure sunrise and sunset times and hours of sunlight from the photometer and radiometer according to the present invention. By using this, it can be used for irrigation control, and the amount of irrigation can be set in various ways by time. For example, if the irrigation setting is set after sunrise, whenever the accumulated light quantity reaches 100J/cm ² , 3ml/J/cm ² of water is supplied until 11 am, and after that time, the accumulated light quantity reaches 75J/cm ² . It can be set to irrigate by 2ml/J/cm2 every time ² hours before sunset time. When irrigation is performed based on the accumulated light amount in this way, the number of irrigation increases as much as the light energy reached on a clear day, and the number of irrigation can be significantly reduced on a cloudy day (or rainy day). In addition, the user can set the maximum and minimum allowable waiting time for irrigation using the accumulated light amount to compensate for the irrigation time being reached too early or delayed too late. For example, depending on the region, the minimum waiting time can be set if the solar altitude in summer is higher than in winter and the time to reach the set accumulated light amount is too early. If the time for irrigation is too late, irrigation can be forced by setting the maximum allowable time. In addition, it can be supplied by adjusting the concentration (mS/cm) of the fertilizer supplied together with water through the instantaneous light amount (W/m ² ). For example, if it is less than 400W/m ² , 0.2 mS/cm more than the concentration of the set fertilizer is supplied, and if it is 650W/m ² or more, 0.2 mS/cm less is supplied, so the amount of fertilizer can be adjusted according to the weather and season.

Control the ventilation window, shading screen or energy conservation screen more efficiently in the agricultural field, especially in the facility horticulture field, by using the photometer and radiometer system using the embedded sensor module having a solar cell and a thermocouple according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. can do.

For example, if the user receives strong light of 850 W/m ² or more continuously or more for a certain period of time, the ventilation window can be opened in proportion to the amount of light, and the shading screen also controls the degree of shading in proportion to the amount of light to reduce excessive light stress and It can protect crops from radiant energy. And when less than 100W/m ² or low level of radiant energy is detected, energy can be conserved in the facility through the energy conservation screen.

In addition, by using a photometer and a radiometer using an embedded system having a solar cell and a thermocouple according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, information on the amount of generation of solar cell power generation facilities installed across the country is converted into light energy and radiant energy and distributed in real time By using it as a map, it can be used as a system for big data analysis, such as forecasting various production volumes in the agricultural, forestry and fishery sector by region and selecting suitable cultivation sites.

<Configuration of an embedded sensor module having a solar cell and a thermocouple according to the second embodiment>

2 shows the configuration of an embedded sensor module having a solar cell and a thermocouple according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The embedded sensor module includes a first solar cell 400 , a first thermocouple 402 positioned on a lower surface of the first solar cell 400 , and a lower surface of the first thermocouple 402 . It consists of a heat insulating pad 404, a second thermocouple 406 positioned on the lower surface of the heat insulating pad 404, and a second solar cell 408 positioned on the lower surface of the second thermocouple 406. .

The measuring unit connected to the first and second solar cells 400 and 408 measures the electric energy generated by the first and second solar cells 400 and 408, and the measuring unit connected to the first and second thermocouples 402 and 406 is The electric energy generated by the first and second thermocouples 402 and 406 is measured, and the electric energy measured by the two measuring units is converted into luminous intensity and radiation value.

Since such an embedded sensor module can measure the luminous intensity and radiation value of solar energy through both sides, it is possible to measure light energy incident in various directions at various heights and positions. Through this, it is possible to accurately measure the amount of net radiant energy and light energy reaching the leaves of plants, and it can be used as a tool to measure and predict the amount of transpiration and photosynthesis of plants.

As described above, the technical ideas described in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented independently, or may be implemented in combination with each other. In addition, although the present invention has been described through the embodiments described in the drawings and detailed description of the invention, these are merely exemplary, and those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains can perform various modifications and equivalent other implementations therefrom. Yes it is possible Accordingly, the technical protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

100: solar cell
110: thermocouple
200: first measurement unit
202: luminance conversion unit
204: luminance value output unit
206: total radiation calculation unit
208: copy value output unit
300: second measurement unit
302: temperature conversion part
304: solar cell efficiency correction unit
306: copy conversion unit

Claims (9)

an embedded sensor module having a solar cell that receives sunlight and generates electrical energy;
a first measurement unit for measuring the electric energy generated by the solar cell of the embedded sensor module;
a light intensity conversion unit converting the electric energy measured value from the first measuring unit into a light intensity value; and
A photometer and radiometer system using an embedded sensor module, characterized in that it includes; a total radiation calculation unit that receives the light intensity value and calculates a total radiation value. According to claim 1,
The embedded sensor module further includes a thermocouple for receiving wavelength energy emitted from various light sources,
a second measurement unit for measuring electrical energy from the thermocouple of the embedded sensor module;
a temperature conversion unit converting the electrical energy measurement value from the second measurement unit into a temperature value;
a radiation conversion unit for converting the temperature value from the temperature conversion unit into a radiation value;
The total radiation calculator receives the light intensity value and the radiation value to calculate the total radiation value. Photometer and radiometer system using an embedded sensor module. 3. The method of claim 2
The embedded sensor module,
solar cells and
Consists of a thermocouple located on the lower surface of the solar cell,
The first measurement unit is connected to the positive electrode of the solar cell to measure the electrical energy generated by the solar electricity,
The second measuring unit is connected to the metals constituting the thermocouple to measure the electrical energy generated by the thermocouple, a photometer and radiometer system using an embedded sensor module. 3. The method of claim 2
The embedded sensor module,
a first solar cell;
a first thermocouple positioned on a lower surface of the first solar cell;
an insulating pad positioned on a lower surface of the first thermocouple;
a second thermocouple located on the lower surface of the insulating pad;
Consists of a second solar cell located on the lower surface of the second thermocouple,
The first measurement unit is connected to the first and second solar cells to measure electrical energy generated by the first and second solar cells,
The second measuring unit is connected to the first and second thermocouples to measure the electrical energy generated by the first and second thermocouples. Photometer and radiometer system using an embedded sensor module. 3. The method of claim 2,
A solar cell efficiency correction unit that generates a temperature coefficient corresponding to the temperature value output by the temperature conversion unit and provides it to the light intensity conversion unit;
The photometer and radiometer system using the embedded sensor module, characterized in that the light conversion unit corrects the converted light intensity value according to the temperature coefficient. 6. The method of claim 5,
The light intensity conversion unit changes the solar cell efficiency according to Equation 2 according to the temperature coefficient,
A photometer and radiometer system using an embedded sensor module, characterized in that the solar cell efficiency is multiplied by the converted light intensity value and corrected.
[Equation 2]
Solar cell efficiency (η, %) = [Output electrical energy (W/m ² )] / [Light energy incident on 1 m ² (W/m ² )] x 100.
Output electrical energy (W/m ² )= [Considering temperature coefficient I _SC ] x [Considering temperature coefficient V _OC ]
Calculate the temperature coefficient I _SC = {1 + (α / 100) ⅹ (T _mod - 25)} ⅹ I _SC
Calculate the temperature coefficient V _OC = {1 + (β / 100) ⅹ (T _mod - 25)} ⅹ V _OC
In Equation 2, the light energy (W/m ² ) incident on 1m ² of the solar cell is predetermined, and the short-circuit current (I _SC, A) and the open-circuit voltage (V _OC , V) are provided from the first measurement unit, , the temperature coefficient (T _mod ) is provided by the solar cell efficiency correction unit, α is the temperature coefficient of the short circuit current (I _SC, A) (α, %/K), β is the temperature of the open circuit voltage (V _OC ,V) Coefficient (β, %/K), γ is the temperature coefficient (γ, %/K) of the output (P _MPP ,W) is predetermined. measuring the electrical energy generated from the solar cell through an embedded sensor module having a solar cell that receives sunlight and generates electrical energy;
converting the electrical energy measurement value into a luminance value; and
Calculating a total radiation value by receiving the light intensity value; Method for measuring light intensity and radiation value using an embedded sensor module, comprising: a. 8. The method of claim 7,
The embedded sensor module further includes a thermocouple for receiving wavelength energy emitted from various light sources,
measuring electrical energy from the thermocouple;
converting a measured value of electrical energy from the thermocouple into a temperature value;
converting the temperature value into a radiation value; and
and calculating a total radiation value by receiving the luminance value and the radiation value. 9. The method of claim 8,
Generating a temperature coefficient corresponding to the temperature value, and correcting the converted luminance value according to the temperature coefficient; Method for measuring luminous intensity and radiation using an embedded sensor module, characterized in that it further comprises.

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