KR20220000266A - System and Method for Optimizing 3D Visualization of Atmospheric Environmental Information - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system and a method for optimizing 3D visualization of atmospheric environmental information to increase the efficiency of weather and atmospheric environment information analysis through optimization using Unreal Engine 4 and volume rendering techniques. The system includes: a DEM data extraction and 3D terrain generation unit configured to extract digital elevation model (DEM) data of a desired area into a height map format, and apply the extracted DEM height map data to a landscape function of Unreal Engine 4, thereby generating a 3D topography; a terrain skin and contour display unit for utilizing the material function of Unreal Engine for the 3D terrain created in the DEM data extraction and 3D terrain generation unit to apply a skin that distinguishes the height of the terrain and the sea and land; a weather element display unit for expressing a weather element on the terrain skin and outline display screen by the terrain skin and outline display unit; and an air environment information display unit for three-dimensionally expressing atmospheric environment information on the terrain skin and outline display screen by the terrain skin and outline display unit to display the movement, diffusion, and vertical distribution of air pollutants.

Description

Apparatus and method for optimizing three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information {System and Method for Optimizing 3D Visualization of Atmospheric Environmental Information}

The present invention relates to atmospheric environment information processing, and more specifically, an apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information to increase the efficiency of weather and atmospheric environment information analysis through optimization using Unreal Engine 4 and volume rendering technique is about

Recently, with the development of 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) technology based on spatial data, various methods for visualizing and servicing various weather-related data are being developed.

In addition, weather observation methods using radar, satellite, AWS (Automatic Weather System), etc. have also been advanced, and the amount of real-time observation data is diversifying and increasing in capacity. Accordingly, research on visualization of observation data is being actively conducted as a method for intuitively delivering information observed and processed by meteorological equipment to a user.

In particular, the need for a 3D visualization tool for intuitive information transfer is being raised in various fields, and 3D visualization tools are being used directly or indirectly as a means for more user-friendly and efficient decision-making compared to the past.

Visualization of observation data starts with the purpose of quickly and effectively grasping the information contained in the data by visually expressing complex and huge observation data.

Nevertheless, most of the two-dimensional display is used to visualize scientific data such as meteorological and atmospheric environment information in the field where meteorological and atmospheric environment information rules are processed.

In particular, in the case of 3D visualization, the 2D expression is simply displayed overlaid.

As an example of the prior art, a three-dimensional visualization monitoring and analysis system for rainfall observation data and a method therefor (Korean Patent No. 10-1994200) and a three-dimensional atmospheric environment data generation system and visualization method (Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2018 -0001195)), but this method of expression has limitations in understanding the vertical distribution of 3D data and overall trends in structure and space.

In the case of the Earth Environment 3D Visualization System (Earth ON), which was researched and developed by the National Academy of Meteorological Sciences as a study to express different meteorological elements in three dimensions, it requires a lot of space and resources and is limited to the spherical screen as it is projected on a real spherical screen. There are limitations.

In the case of commercial programs such as Mirae Wave of Mirae Climate Co., Ltd. and 3D data visualization engine GVTX of Korea Marine Meteorological Technology Co., Ltd., 2D expression such as isolines and vectors is mainly performed in 3D space, and 3D expression is also 2 It is limited to superimposing the dimensional expression.

In the case of overseas, software called VAPOR is widely used, but the software itself is heavy and complicated. In addition, since most of these scientific data visualization software are specialized for global or continental scale visualization, there is a limitation in visualizing data on a local scale.

Therefore, there is a demand for the development of a new atmospheric environment information processing technology that enables the analysis of weather and atmospheric environment information from various viewpoints through a new expression technique.

Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-1994200 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2018-0001195 Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2017-0059469

The present invention is to solve the problems of the atmospheric environment information processing technology of the prior art, and 3D expression of atmospheric environment information to increase the efficiency of weather and atmospheric environment information analysis by optimization using Unreal Engine 4 and volume rendering technique An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for optimization.

The present invention is an apparatus for optimizing the 3D display of atmospheric environment information that makes prediction and observation data into volume textures and uses the volume textures created to increase the efficiency of 3D visualization work using Unreal Engine 4 and volume rendering techniques and to provide a method.

The present invention is advantageous in access and use and uses Unreal Engine 4, which is excellent in terms of graphic expression, to reflect numerical model results well, and to analyze weather and atmospheric environment information from different perspectives through a new expression technique. An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional display of information.

The present invention implements a meteorological and air quality information visualization engine (MAIVE) to implement a three-dimensional topography using high-resolution numerical elevation model data and to effectively express meteorological and air quality information on the topography. An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information.

In the present invention, meteorological factors such as wind direction, wind speed, humidity, temperature, precipitation, etc. and air quality information such as fine dust and yellow dust concentration are expressed in three dimensions, and the file format is NetCDF, Grib, Grib2, Ascii, etc. The purpose of this is to provide an apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information that supports not only the two-dimensional planar expression of meteorological elements and air quality information but also the distribution and change in the three-dimensional space effectively. have.

The present invention optimizes the visual level and performance by using Unreal Engine 4, a commercial development engine, and the latest rendering technique, and adds stream vectors and stream lines, which are vectors flowing along the wind field, as well as the existing expression methods, and raymarching. The purpose of this is to provide an apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information that can effectively express cloud and air quality information by applying the volume rendering technique.

In the present invention, the distribution and trend of two-dimensional data values such as temperature and precipitation can be identified through the contour map, and by fusion with various skins of the terrain, the user can select the desired picture. An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for optimizing 3D expression.

The present invention expresses a three-dimensional topography using DEM data for a basic 3D topography. A basic skin with different colors according to height, a mask skin with different colors for land and sea, and a contour line to indicate the boundary between land and sea An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information, which is expressed by applying a skin and improved user recognition characteristics.

Other objects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned objects, and other objects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

The apparatus for optimizing the three-dimensional expression of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention for achieving the above object extracts DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data of a desired area in a height map format, and extracts the extracted DEM height map data in Unreal Engine DEM data extraction and 3D terrain generation unit that generates 3D terrain by applying it through the landscape function of 4; Terrain skin and contour display unit that applies a skin that distinguishes height and sea and land; Weather element display unit that displays weather elements on the screen; Terrain skin and contour display unit It is characterized in that it includes; an air environment information display unit that displays the air environment information data in three dimensions on the topographic skin and contour display screen by the , so that the movement, diffusion, and vertical distribution of air pollutants can be known.

Here, the terrain skin and outline display unit utilizes the material function of Unreal Engine to selectively select a basic skin that colors according to the height of the terrain, a mask skin that distinguishes the sea and land, and an outline skin that displays the boundary between the sea and land. characterized by application.

And the weather element display unit reads three-dimensional data through C++ language, makes it a volume texture, and performs volume rendering with the Raymarching algorithm applied to the volume texture created by wind information, cloud information, temperature information, precipitation information, 3-second gust It is characterized in that the information is processed to express the weather element.

In addition, the atmospheric environment information display unit reads 3D data through C++ language, makes it a volume texture, and performs volume rendering with the Raymarching algorithm applied to the created volume texture to obtain ultra-fine dust (PM2.5), fine dust (PM10), Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), sulfurous acid gas (SO ₂ ) It is characterized in that the information is displayed by processing the information.

And the meteorological element display unit converts the u, v components of the wind vector, which is the result of the numerical model, into wind direction and wind speed, and performs wind vector field, stream vector, stream line expression and isoline processing using the QCLOUD variable. The cloud information processing unit that performs 3D visualization processing by volume rendering of cloud information, and the C++ source code to read the raw data of temperature from the raw data and convert it to the ℃ unit system, subtract 273.15, the absolute zero value, from the read data A temperature information processing unit that processes temperature information by storing the data in the given array, normalizing the data, collating it with the color legend, and storing the corresponding color in the array, and reading RAINC and RAINNC from the raw data through C++ code and adding them to the array The precipitation information processing unit that processes the precipitation information by subtracting the Rain array value of the previous time from the Rain array value of the time to be saved and created and storing it in the array by comparing it with the color legend, and 3- that expresses the 3-second gust as an isoline It is characterized in that it includes a second gust processing unit.

And the wind information processing unit extracts the u and v components of the wind from the raw data using C++ source code and reads them, calculates the wind direction and wind speed, stores them in an array, reads them from Unreal Engine, and reflects them in each wind field vector. A wind vector field display unit that implements a stream vector that is a wind vector flowing along the wind field, a stream line display unit that implements a streamline flowing along the wind field similarly to a stream vector, and wind speed data. It is characterized in that it includes an isoline processing unit that normalizes from 0.0 to 1.0 to match the color of the legend color, stores the corresponding color information in an array, and creates a texture to be fused with the terrain skin.

In addition, the input data supports NetCDF, Grib, Grib2, and Ascii file formats for the expression of weather elements and atmospheric environment information, and the input data is WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting), CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality), AWS ( Automatic Weather Station), characterized in that it includes data from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS).

으로 정의하고, 여기서, Transmittance는 투과율이며 t는 볼륨 내에서 이동한 거리, d는 볼륨의 밀도인 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the weather element display unit and the atmospheric environment information display unit read 3D data through C++ language, then make a volume texture, and the created volume texture applies the Raymarching algorithm for volume rendering. , as a process of color generation by scattering, the density or thickness of points to create volume opacity,

, where Transmittance is the transmittance, t is the distance traveled in the volume, and d is the density of the volume.

And as the ray passes through all voxels in the volume, the absorption is calculated by multiplying the color of the ray by the inverse opacity of the current voxel, the color of the current voxel multiplied by the opacity of the current voxel,

으로 정의되고, 여기서, 복셀은 3차원 공간상의 pixel을 말하며 C_out은 복셀을 통과한 후의 색, C_in은 복셀을 통과하기 전의 색, Opacity(x)는 x 위치의 불투명도, Color(x)는 x 위치의 색인 것을 특징으로 한다.

where voxel refers to a pixel in three-dimensional space, C _out is the color after passing through the voxel, C _in is the color before passing through the voxel, Opacity(x) is the opacity of the x position, and Color(x) is It is characterized in that it is the index of the x position.

And after obtaining the thickness of the volume at each point, to estimate the opacity, which is the amount of light blocked by the volume, using the thickness value,

와 같이 점 x에서 x′까지 광선을 따라 누적되고, 점 x에서 x′까지 광선 길이에 대한 투과율은

으로 정의되는 것을 특징으로 한다.linear density is

is accumulated along the ray from point x to x', and the transmittance for the ray length from point x to x' is

characterized in that it is defined as

And when calculating the density of the volume, the shadow by lighting is calculated, and the amount of scattering made from the light in the w direction from the x point in the volume to the corresponding point is

으로 정의되고, 여기서, w는 빛의 방향이고 l은 볼륨 외부에서 빛의 음의 방향을 향한 점으로 -LinearDensity(x, l)는 지점 x에서 볼륨 경계에 도달할 때까지 빛에 의한 선형밀도를 나타내며 이는 빛을 흡수하는 입자의 양을 의미하는 것을 특징으로 한다.

where w is the direction of light and l is the point toward the negative direction of light outside the volume -LinearDensity(x, l) is the linear density by light from point x until reaching the volume boundary. It is characterized in that it means the amount of particles that absorb light.

And the OutScattering term is multiplied by the Opacity to calculate the proportion of light absorbed based on the opacity of the volume, returning the total scattering at all points along the ray through the volume,

으로 정의되는 것을 특징으로 한다.

characterized in that it is defined as

In addition, the atmospheric environment information display unit provides a screen showing the isoline expression of PM2.5 concentration over time, a screen viewed from the top, a screen viewed from the bottom to see the vertical distribution, and an isoline expression of PM2.5 concentration over time. Using the fine dust (PM2.5) display unit and the three-dimensional data of PM10 representing fine dust, the fine dust concentration is rendered in three dimensions and the fine dust (PM10), which represents the data for each altitude as an isoline. The carbon monoxide concentration is expressed in three dimensions by volume rendering using the three-dimensional data of CO representing carbon monoxide, and the carbon monoxide (CO) display section showing the data for each altitude as an isoline, and NO representing nitrogen monoxide. Using dimensional data, the nitrogen monoxide concentration is expressed in three dimensions by volume rendering, and the nitrogen monoxide (NO) display part that shows the data for each altitude as an isoline, and the sulfur dioxide gas using the three-dimensional data of _{SO 2 representing sulfur dioxide gas} It is characterized in that it includes a _{sulfur dioxide (SO 2} ) display unit that expresses the concentration in three dimensions by volume rendering and displays the data for each altitude as an isoline.

And the screen for 3D expression through the weather element display unit and the atmospheric environment information display unit includes a menu to control the wind vector field, and turns on and off the wind vector field colored according to the wind speed through the screen menu on the screen. It is characterized in that it provides a function, a function of displaying and erasing a single black wind vector field, a function of setting an interval of the wind vector field, and a function of adjusting the size of the wind vector field.

And the screen for 3D expression through the weather element display unit and the atmospheric environment information display unit includes a menu to control stream vectors and lines, and a function to turn on and off the stream vector of a color according to wind speed on the screen through the screen menu , It is characterized in that it provides a function to express a stream vector unified in black, a function to display and delete a stream line on the screen, and a function to display a stream vector and a stream line at the same time.

And the screen for three-dimensional expression through the weather element display unit and the atmospheric environment information display unit includes a menu to control the contour map, and the function to display the contour map fused to the terrain through the screen menu, the current weather It is characterized by providing the function to select the element and air quality information, and to apply the contour map to all terrain skins so that the user can use the skin according to the desired picture.

And the screen for three-dimensional expression through the weather element display unit and the atmospheric environment information display unit includes a menu for controlling animation according to time, and weather elements and air quality information currently appearing over time through the screen menu are displayed. It is characterized by providing a function to change and stop according to the time, and a function to adjust the speed of the animation.

And the screen for three-dimensional expression through the weather element display unit and the atmospheric environment information display unit includes a menu for controlling the volume rendering, and provides a function to express and erase the volume rendering of the element desired to be expressed through the screen menu. characterized.

And the screen for three-dimensional expression through the weather element display unit and the atmospheric environment information display unit includes a menu to change the skin of the terrain, and the basic skin colored according to the height through the screen menu, the land is white, and the sea is It is characterized by providing a function that allows you to switch to a mask skin that is expressed in black and an outline skin that displays the boundary between land and sea in white.

In addition, the screen for three-dimensional expression through the weather element display unit and the atmospheric environment information display unit returns to the home screen where you can select a case, ends the program, and displays the time on the data and a menu to control the color legend. It is characterized by providing.

The method for optimizing the three-dimensional expression of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention for achieving another object is to extract DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data of a desired area in a height map format, and extract the extracted DEM height map data in Unreal Engine 4 DEM data extraction and 3D terrain generation stage to create 3D terrain by applying it through the landscape function; By utilizing the material function of Unreal Engine for the 3D terrain created in the DEM data extraction and 3D terrain generation phase, the height and height of the terrain and A terrain skin and outline expression step of applying a skin that distinguishes the sea and land; A weather element expression step of expressing a weather element on the terrain skin and outline expression screen by the terrain skin and outline expression step; And, Atmospheric environment information expression step of expressing air environment information data three-dimensionally on the terrain skin and outline expression screen by the terrain skin and outline expression step to know the movement, diffusion, and vertical distribution of air pollutants; It is characterized in that it includes.

The apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention as described above have the following effects.

First, optimization using Unreal Engine 4 and volume rendering techniques can increase the efficiency of weather and atmospheric environment information analysis.

Second, it is possible to increase the efficiency of 3D visualization work by making prediction and observation data into volume textures and using the volume textures created with Unreal Engine 4 and volume rendering techniques.

Third, the numerical model results are well reflected using Unreal Engine 4, which is advantageous in access and use and excellent in graphic expression, and enables analysis of weather and atmospheric environment information from different perspectives through a new expression technique.

Fourth, it is possible to implement a meteorological and air quality information visualization engine (MAIVE) to realize a three-dimensional topography using high-resolution numerical elevation model data and to effectively express weather and air quality information on the topography. let it be

Fifth, three-dimensional display of meteorological factors such as wind direction, wind speed, humidity, temperature, and precipitation and air quality information such as fine dust and yellow dust concentration. Thus, it is possible to effectively express not only the two-dimensional planar expression of meteorological elements and air quality information, but also the distribution and change in three-dimensional space.

Sixth, by using Unreal Engine 4, a commercial development engine, and the latest rendering techniques, the visual level and performance are optimized, and in addition to the existing expression method, stream vectors, which are vectors flowing along the wind field, and stream lines, which are streams, are added to increase intuition. , apply the raymarching volume rendering technique to effectively express cloud and air quality information.

Seventh, the distribution and trend of two-dimensional data values such as temperature and precipitation can be identified through the contour map, and by fusion with various skins of the terrain, the user can select the desired picture to increase the usability.

Eighth, for basic three-dimensional topography, three-dimensional topography was expressed using DEM data. A basic skin with different colors according to height, a mask skin with different colors for land and sea, and an outline skin to indicate the boundary between land and sea. can be applied to increase expression and user recognition characteristics.

1 is a block diagram showing the basic concept of an apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional expression of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention;
2a to 2e are block diagrams showing the entire processing process of the apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional expression of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention;
3 is a block diagram of an apparatus for optimizing the three-dimensional expression of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention;
4 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a three-dimensional topography expression using DEM data.
5A to 5C are configuration diagrams showing examples of a basic skin, a mask skin, and an outline skin applied to the present invention;
6 is a detailed configuration diagram of a weather element display unit according to the present invention;
7 is a detailed configuration diagram of a wind information processing unit according to the present invention;
8 is a configuration diagram showing an example for expressing a wind vector field on a three-dimensional topography
9 is a block diagram showing an example for expression of a stream vector
10 is a configuration diagram showing an example for the expression of a stream line
11 is a configuration diagram showing an example for isoline expression
12 is a block diagram showing an example of isoline expression to which a basic skin, a mask skin, and an outline skin are applied according to the present invention;
13A and 13B are a schematic diagram showing that the volume texture at each point is read step by step while a camera beam passes through a volume, and a schematic diagram showing how shadow density overlaps when a beam is shot from a single sphere
14 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a configuration and volume texture applied to the material of the cloud object by nodeizing the shader code
15 is a configuration diagram showing an example in which temperature is expressed as an isoline;
16 is a configuration diagram showing an example in which the amount of precipitation is expressed as an isoline;
17 is a configuration diagram showing an example of expressing 3-second gust as an isoline
18 is a detailed configuration diagram of an air environment information display unit according to the present invention;
19A to 19C are screen configuration diagrams expressing the PM2.5 concentration in the Korean peninsula over time through volume rendering.
20A to 20C are diagrams showing the three-dimensional display of fine dust concentration by volume rendering using three-dimensional data of PM10.
21A to 21C are diagrams showing a three-dimensional screen configuration by volume-rendering carbon monoxide concentration using three-dimensional data of CO.
22A to 22C are diagrams showing the three-dimensional display of the nitrogen monoxide concentration by volume rendering using the three-dimensional data of NO.
23a to 23c are screen diagrams showing the volume rendering of sulfur dioxide concentration using three-dimensional data _{of SO 2 and expressing it in three dimensions;}
24 is a block diagram of a screen menu of the MAIVE program according to the present invention.
25 is a configuration diagram for explaining a menu for controlling a wind vector field
26 is a configuration diagram for explaining a menu for controlling stream vectors and lines;
27 is a configuration diagram for explaining a menu for controlling a contour map
28 is a configuration diagram for explaining a menu for controlling volume rendering
29 is a configuration diagram for explaining a menu for changing the skin of the terrain
30 is a configuration diagram for explaining a menu indicating time on data and controlling a color legend

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention will be described in detail as follows.

Features and advantages of the apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention will become apparent through detailed description of each embodiment below.

1 is a block diagram showing the basic concept of an apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention, and FIGS. 2A to 2E are an apparatus for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention And it is a block diagram showing the entire processing process of the method.

The apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention is a commercial engine, Unreal Engine 4 and volume, rather than simply overlapping the two-dimensional display in order to observe and analyze three-dimensional prediction and observation data from various viewpoints. 3D visualization was made possible using a rendering technique.

To this end, the present invention optimizes the visual level and performance by using Unreal Engine 4, a commercial development engine, and the latest rendering technique, and adds stream vectors and stream lines that are vectors flowing along the wind field as well as the existing expression methods. , it may include a composition that expresses cloud and air quality information by applying a raymarching volume rendering technique.

The present invention displays meteorological factors such as wind direction, wind speed, humidity, temperature, precipitation, etc. and air quality information such as fine dust and yellow dust concentration in three dimensions, and the file format supports formats such as NetCDF, Grib, Grib2, Ascii, etc. It may include a configuration that

In the data processing process of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 , 3D data is read through the C++ language and then made into a volume texture.

The created volume texture is used for 3D visualization in Unreal Engine 4 using the volume rendering technique.

The Raymarching algorithm is applied to the volume rendering technique, and the basic concept of the Raymarching algorithm is to calculate the color including opacity and shadow for each point where the ray passing through the volume and the volume intersect, assuming that a ray is irradiated on a 3D volume. say to do

This means that the opacity and color are returned for each pixel where the volume and light intersect. This process is largely composed of the opacity generation process by light absorption and the color generation process by lighting and scattering. express

And using unreal engine 4, which is actively updated among commercial engines and has a free license, which is excellent in terms of visuals, uses DEM data for basic 3D topography to express three-dimensional topography, Apply a mask skin with different colors of land and sea, and an outline skin that displays the boundary between land and sea.

In particular, various techniques are applied to three-dimensionally express meteorological elements and air quality information, and the vector value such as wind is not only a basic vector field, but also a stream vector that is a vector flowing along the wind and a stream line technique that is a streamline. It makes the flow more intuitive.

In addition, the two-dimensional data values such as temperature and precipitation allow the distribution and trend to be grasped through the contour map, and includes a configuration in which the user selects the desired picture by fusion with various skins of the terrain.

The apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention implement the three-dimensional display optimization of the atmospheric environment information through the same process as in FIGS. 2A to 2E .

As shown in FIG. 2A , when data is input, 3D data is read through the C++ language and then made into a volume texture.

Data input includes weather and atmospheric environment information (Ascii, Text, Csv, etc.) such as WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting), CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality), AWS (Automatic Weather Station), and ASOS (Automated Surface Observing System) .

The WRF model is a weather numerical forecasting model and a weather simulation system, and it is a forecast data of weather information such as temperature, precipitation, clouds, and humidity. prediction data.

2B shows a volume texture generation process.

The created volume texture is used for 3D visualization in Unreal Engine 4 using the volume rendering technique.

Figure 2c shows the application of the Raymarching algorithm as a volume rendering technique.

2D shows a process of applying a shader to a volume texture using the material function of Unreal Engine 4, and FIG. 2E is an example of three-dimensional expression of weather elements and air quality information by applying the material function of Unreal Engine 4 is shown.

3 is a block diagram of an apparatus for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention.

The apparatus for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention extracts DEM data of a desired area in a height map format, and applies the extracted DEM height map data through the landscape function of Unreal Engine 4 to create a three-dimensional topography Using the material function of Unreal Engine for the 3D terrain generated by the DEM data extraction and 3D terrain generation unit 10 and the DEM data extraction and 3D terrain generation unit 10, the height of the terrain and the sea and land are calculated. Wind information, cloud information, temperature information, precipitation information, 3-second The meteorological element display unit 30 that processes gust information to express the meteorological elements, and the volume rendering technique using the CMAQ model results to three-dimensionally express the air environment information data, the movement and diffusion of air pollutants, It includes an atmospheric environment information display unit 40 that displays the vertical distribution so that it can be known.

Here, the terrain skin and outline display unit 20 utilizes the material function of Unreal Engine to apply a color according to the height of the terrain, a basic skin, a mask skin to distinguish the sea and land, and an outline skin to display the boundary between the sea and land. is applied selectively.

In the present invention, a three-dimensional topography must first be implemented for the three-dimensional expression of weather and atmospheric environment information. In an embodiment of the present invention, DEM data is used.

4 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a three-dimensional topography expression using DEM data.

In the present invention, an example of expressing the topography for each case using a digital elevation model (DEM) data of 30 m resolution will be described as an example.

In order to utilize the DEM data, it is necessary to extract the DEM data of a desired area in the form of a height map, and in an embodiment of the present invention, the 30m resolution DEM data is extracted using a global mapper program as an example.

The extracted DEM height map data is applied through the landscape function of Unreal Engine 4 to create a three-dimensional terrain, and additionally, by using the material function of Unreal Engine, a basic skin that colors according to the height of the terrain, a basic skin that distinguishes the sea from the land Optionally apply a mask skin, an outline skin that marks the boundary between the sea and land.

As shown in FIG. 4 , immediately after creation, the skin of the terrain is not applied, so the basic gray color appears, but it can be seen that the topography and Jeju Island appear by reflecting the DEM well.

5A to 5C are configuration diagrams illustrating examples of a basic skin, a mask skin, and an outline skin applied to the present invention.

To apply the skin, the color of the terrain is displayed differently depending on the altitude of the terrain.

By using the Material function of Unreal Engine, the skin is applied by giving different values of the terrain color according to the altitude of the terrain.

5A is a view of a basic skin that is colored according to altitude in the terrain, and the sea and land are easily distinguished, and the color is different according to the altitude of the terrain, so that the height of the terrain can be easily distinguished.

5B shows the mask skin painted in black for terrain below a certain altitude and white above a certain altitude so that the distinction between land and sea can be clearly seen like a Land-Sea Mask, rather than a complex outline.

5C is a contour skin in which the terrain color value of a specific elevation is set to white and the remaining terrain color values are set to black through the Material function to display the contour of the terrain.

Compared to a specific elevation, if the elevation is below a certain elevation (Line1) or above another elevation (Line2), the outline is expressed in black, and the elevation in between is displayed in white. It can be seen that the applied topography well represents the complex coastline.

In the case of these three skins, the user can select and change the desired skin at any time.

6 is a detailed configuration diagram of a weather element display unit according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 6 , the weather element display unit 30 according to the present invention converts the u and v components of the wind vector, which is the result of the numerical model, into wind direction and wind speed, and processes the wind vector field, stream vector, stream line, and isolines The wind information processing unit 31, which performs 3D visualization processing by volume rendering of cloud information using the QCLOUD variable, and the C++ source code to read the raw data of temperature from the raw data To convert to and ℃ unit system, subtract 273.15, the absolute zero value, from the read data, store it in an array, normalize the data, compare it with the color legend, save the corresponding color in the array, and then use the UpdateTextureRegions function to create a Contour Texture The temperature information processing unit 33, which reads RAINC and RAINNC from raw data through C++ code, sums them up, stores them in an array, and subtracts the Rain array value of the previous time from the Rain array value of the time to be created and compares it with the color legend and a precipitation information processing unit 34 for processing the precipitation information by storing it in an array, and a 3-second gust processing unit 35 for expressing 3-second gust as an isoline.

Most of the weather information consists of two-dimensional data, so it can be expressed as a two-dimensional isoline, and in the case of a three-dimensional data such as a cloud with values for each altitude, it can be expressed by volume rendering.

Any element can be expressed as long as data is given, but in an embodiment of the present invention, a method of expressing wind, temperature, precipitation, and clouds, which are representative weather information, will be described.

In the WRF model results, there are many variables representing clouds among the weather information. In the present invention, the QCLOUD variable, which is the most similarly expressed variable to the actual cloud, is expressed by the volume rendering technique using QVAPOR, QRAIN, and QCLOUD among the variables. choose

QVAPOR is the water vapor mixing ratio, meaning the mass of water vapor mixed with a unit mass of air. QRAIN is the mass of rainwater mixed with a unit mass of air, QCLOUD is the mass of transport mixed with a unit mass of air, and the unit of the three variables is the same as kg / kg.

In the case of wind, there are magnitude and direction components and it is expressed through a vector.

However, it is necessary to convert the numerical model results into the wind direction and wind speed because the result is not the wind direction and the wind speed, but the u and v components of the wind vector.

The angle θ is calculated using a trigonometric function for the wind vector composed of u and v components.

As in Equation 1, the u component becomes the product of the wind speed and sin θ by the trigonometric function, and the v component becomes the product of the wind speed and cos θ. If the two equations are arranged by θ, the same result as in Equation 2 can be obtained.

Since θ obtained here is a radian value, it is necessary to convert it to a degree value for use in the program. 1 radian is the angle at which the arc length is equal to the radius and represents about 57.3°.

As shown in Equation 3, if the relationship that 180° is π radian (3.141592....) is established between degree and radian, the degree value can be obtained by multiplying the radian value by the value obtained by dividing π by 180° using this. . Conversely, when the degree value is multiplied by the value divided by π at 180°, it is converted to a radian value.

The wind speed is obtained by squaring and adding the u and v components according to the Pythagorean theorem, and then covering the root.

7 is a detailed configuration diagram of the wind information processing unit according to the present invention.

The wind information processing unit 31 according to the present invention extracts and reads the u and v components of the wind from the raw data by using the C++ source code, calculates the wind direction and the wind speed, stores them in an array, and reads them from the Unreal engine to each wind field A wind vector field expression unit 31a to reflect the vector of , a stream vector expression unit 31b for implementing a stream vector that is a wind vector flowing along the wind field, and a streamline flowing along the wind field similarly to the stream vector A streamline display unit 31c to implement, and an isoline processing unit that normalizes wind speed data from 0.0 to 1.0 to match the color of the legend color, stores the corresponding color information in an array, and creates a texture to be fused with the terrain skin ( 31d).

8 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example for expressing a wind vector field on a three-dimensional topography.

The wind vector field for expressing meteorological elements will be described as follows.

In order to express the most basic wind field representing the wind, the C++ source code is used to extract and read the u and v components of the wind from the raw data, and using the read u and v values, the wind direction and speed are calculated and stored in an array. And read it from Unreal Engine and program it to reflect each vector of the wind field.

The saved arrangement is reflected in the components of each wind vector through Unreal Engine 4's Blueprint.

The WindAngle and WindSpeed arrays are called from the DataManager class called Data. At this time, the index of the array is calculated by the x grid and y grid of the wind field, the layer index, and the time index, and the array value of the calculated index is read through the Get node.

In the case of a wind field, in the case of a single surface, there is one layer, but in the case of an isostatic surface, it is written so that the wind direction and wind speed change according to the altitude by placing layers for each altitude.

To do this, set the layer index in the DataManager class and use it to calculate the array index.

In addition, it is possible to display even at a resolution lower than the original resolution of the raw material. If the resolution of the wind vector field is high, it is desirable to change the resolution according to the situation because it takes a lot of load on the user's computer to express the wind vector.

This wind vector field is applied in various ways on a three-dimensional topography, and Fig. 8 (a) (b) is a screen when colors according to wind speed are given to the wind vector field in one time period of a typhoon case and when colors are unified into one. .

When colors according to wind speed are given, the trend of the overall wind speed can be easily seen.

In the case of (c)(d) of FIG. 8, the screen is obtained when the grid spacing of the vector field is different. This is the case for the same 9 km interval.

When the grid spacing is wide, it is good to grasp winds in a wide area larger than mesoscale as in (a) and (b), but as in (c), it is difficult to see the wind trend as the number of vectors displayed at a time decreases as the number of vectors displayed at a time is reduced as in (c). .

Conversely, if the grid spacing is narrow, the user's computer is heavily loaded, and the vector size becomes too small in the medium-scale or larger region, making it difficult to understand, but it can be seen that it is of great help in observing the wind in a narrow region.

9 is a block diagram illustrating an example for expressing a stream vector.

In the case of a wind vector field, it is good to see the wind trend at a glance, but there is a limit to representing the wind flow.

In order to compensate for this, the present invention implements a stream vector that is a wind vector flowing along the wind field.

Unlike the fixed wind vector field, the stream vector changes as it moves, so it is an appropriate expression method to represent the wind flow.

First, the area information of the terrain is called and the irregular position to be created within the area is determined through the Random Float in Range node.

Then, the height of the user's camera is called and the size of the stream vector is specified in proportion to this height. This is to automatically adjust the size of the stream vector according to the zoom of the camera.

You will create multiple stream vector classes at once through Unreal Engine's For Loop node and Spawn Actor From Pool node. The class created in this way will read and reflect the wind direction and speed of the current location from the class itself, so you need to pass the variables necessary to read the data. In addition, the Stream Count variable is used for the For Loop node so that the user can control the amount of stream vectors created at one time.

Each stream vector is generated at an unspecified location and moves by reflecting the wind direction and speed of the location. The current stream vector's position on the world is calculated inversely to calculate the x, y coordinates of the raw data, and the wind direction and wind speed values are read from the current position. The read wind speed value is multiplied by the stream vector's forward vector GetForwardVector, which is used to determine the moving speed of the vector, and the wind direction is reflected to determine the moving direction through the SetActorLocation node.

Finally, the stream vector created once goes out of the area or disappears after a certain period of time.

In the present invention, as in (a) (b) of FIG. 9 , the stream vector is divided into a case of giving a color according to the wind speed like a wind field and a case of a single color and expressed.

If the color according to the wind speed is given, the strength of the wind speed can be estimated, and in the case of a single color, it has the advantage of being well distinguished from the terrain. In addition, if the size of the stream vector does not change when zoomed in, the size of the vector in the screen may become relatively large, so it includes a function to automatically adjust the size of the stream vector according to the user's camera position.

(c) (d) of FIG. 9 shows a case of zooming in, and it can be seen that the magnitude of the wind vector is reduced compared to (a) (b).

10 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example for displaying a stream line.

In the case of a stream vector, the shape of the vector does not change, so it often fluctuates when the direction of the vector changes. To express a more natural flow, a streamline flowing along the wind field is implemented similar to a stream vector.

The difference from stream vectors is that one streamline is drawn instead of a wind vector. The implementation method of the stream line is the same as the stream vector, but unlike the stream vector, which was a simple object, the stream line is expressed using the graphic technique supported by the Unreal Engine called particles.

Unreal Engine's Random Float in Range from Stream node selects an unspecified location within the region and creates a stream line through the For Loop node. And, like the stream vector, the change in size and length according to the height of the camera is automated, and the Stream Count variable allows the user to determine the degree of generation at once.

Like stream vector, stream line creation uses SpawnActor node to create stream line class and passes variables for reading data to the created class.

If a stream line is also created at an unspecified location, it retrieves its own location and calculates it inversely to obtain the x and y coordinate values of the data, and the wind direction and speed of the current location are retrieved through these values.

Like the stream vector, it goes out of the area or disappears after a certain period of time, and the obtained wind direction and speed are applied to the current object through the SetActorLocation node.

10 is an expression of a stream line of a specific time period of a typhoon case.

10 (a) is a screen zoomed out to the Korean peninsula, and it can be seen that stream lines composed of wired lines express the wind flow better than the previous stream vectors.

In addition, it can be seen that the closer to the center of the typhoon, the greater the wind speed and the longer the stream line length.

FIG. 10 (b) is a zoomed-in screen to Jeju Island, and it can be seen that the size of the stream line and the length of the line change as in the stream vector according to the zoom in and out of the camera. Compared to zooming out, you can see the wind flow change around Jeju Island in more detail.

11 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example for isoline expression.

The isoline is a device that makes it easy to visually see the trends and distribution of two-dimensional data by expressing various data such as weather and atmospheric environment information in color.

The source code in Table 1 is the code that makes the wind speed, which is one of the weather information, into a contour texture. After calculating the difference between the minimum value of MinValue and the maximum value of MaxValue, the range of the data is normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 to match the color of the legend color and respond

The corresponding color information is stored in the ContourTemp array, and the value of the array is created as a texture using the UpdateTextureRegions function.

And the Contour Texture created through the code is overlaid on the terrain skin so that the terrain and weather and atmospheric environment information match.

Table 2 is a Blueprint related to isolines among the materials of the terrain in Unreal Engine, and uv maps the contour texture to the terrain using the TexCoord node and u and v nodes.

The uv mapping is a type of texture mapping that defines a 3D object as a 2D texture. It maps using the uv coordinate system to distinguish it from the xy coordinate system, and has a value between 0.0 and 1.0. A UV-mapped isoline is imported through a node called ContourTexture, and it is linearly interpolated through a Lerp node to fuse with the terrain skin. At this time, the degree of interpolation is determined by the value of the Alpha node.

Finally, the ContourManager class reads the Contour Texture from the DataManager class and connects it to the ContourTexture node of the Landscape Material, which is the terrain. To do this, you must first create a Dynamic Material Instance (DMI) when the ContourManager class starts. DMI is a dynamic variable required to access the nodes in the Material, and only through this variable, the material can be changed during execution.

When a class is created, it can be created using the Create Dynamic Material Instance node and applied to the class's Mesh Component through the Set Material node. The created DMI is used to change the isolines and Alpha nodes of the Landscape Material through the Update Texture function.

At this time, the Set Landscape Material Texture Parameter Value node and the Set Landscape Material Scalar Parameter Value node of the landscape are used. As in the node name, the front node changes the texture value and the rear node changes the scalar value.

11 shows the wind speed isolines for one time period of a typhoon case, (a) is when the basic wind speed range of 0 ~ 50 m/s is specified, (b) is when the maximum wind speed range is specified as 20 m/s is the isoline of

It can be seen that in the case of (b), the strength and weakness of wind speed are more clearly distinguished than in the case of (a), and it is easy to identify the center of the typhoon.

In the present invention, when the terrain skin is changed, it is implemented to be reflected in the isolines.

12 is a configuration diagram showing an example of isoline expression to which a basic skin, a mask skin, and an outline skin are applied according to the present invention.

12 is an isoline of the wind speed at one time of the typhoon case, showing that the center of the typhoon is located in the western part of the Korean Peninsula.

(a) is a screen with a basic terrain skin applied, and the terrain color is mixed according to the fusion of the terrain color and the isoline, so that the isoline and the terrain can be viewed at the same time.

(b) is a screen with a mask applied, and it is easy to distinguish between land and sea, and in (c), when an outline skin is applied, the original color of the isolines is best displayed.

13A and 13B are a schematic diagram showing that the volume texture at each point is read step by step while a camera beam passes through a volume, and a schematic diagram showing how shadow density overlaps when a beam is shot from a single sphere.

In the present invention, variables that are difficult to express in 3D, such as clouds and fine dust, can be expressed using volume rendering.

Volume rendering is a set of techniques for projecting 3D data onto a screen and showing it in 2D. Various techniques for volume rendering exist. In an embodiment of the present invention, a Raymarching algorithm is applied, but is not limited thereto.

The basic concept of the Raymarching algorithm is to evaluate the ray passing through the volume when the ray strikes the volume, which means returning the opacity and color for each pixel where the volume and the ray intersect.

This process largely consists of the opacity generation process by light absorption and the color generation process by lighting and scattering.

To create volume opacity, you need to know the density or thickness of the visible point. For this, Equation 5 is defined through the Beer-Lambert law.

Here, Transmittance is the transmittance, t is the distance traveled in the volume, and d is the density of the volume.

As the ray passes through all voxels of the volume, absorption is calculated by multiplying the color of the ray by the inverse opacity of the current voxel, and the color of the current voxel is multiplied by the opacity of the current voxel.

Here, voxel refers to a pixel in 3D space, C _out is the color after passing through the voxel, C _in is the color before passing through the voxel, Opacity(x) is the opacity at the x position, and Color(x) is the color at the x position. say

First, the thickness of the volume at each point is obtained using Equations 5 and 6, and then the opacity, which is the amount of light blocked by the volume, can be estimated using the thickness value.

13A is a schematic diagram illustrating reading a volume texture at each point step by step while a camera ray passes through a volume as an example of a simple sphere.

In the case of a step where the ray is located inside the volume, the length of the ray is stored in a cumulative variable such as Distance Traveled within media shown in the drawing.

And in the case of this drawing, since it was performed in small steps, it can be seen that the yellow dots for which the volume was calculated differ a lot from the shape of the sphere. As the number of steps increases, a shape similar to the actual volume is calculated, but the calculation time becomes longer.

The linear density is accumulated along the ray from the point x to x' as in Equation 7.

Therefore, the transmittance for the ray length from the point x to x' is defined as in Equation 8.

If the above expression is written as a shader code, it has the form shown in Table 3.

This code uses the normalize function to set the volume texture between 0 and 1 in the texture space, and uses the for statement and PseudoVolumeTexture function to pass the rays step by step to calculate and return the linear density. In this case, you can control the number of steps it counts through the MaxSteps variable.

When calculating the density of the volume, it is also necessary to calculate the shadow caused by the lighting.

13B is a schematic diagram showing how shadow density overlaps when a ray is shot from a single sphere.

As with the density calculation, if the light passes through the volume depending on the direction of the light, the operation is performed step by step and the distance is accumulated in the Shadow Density Accumulation.

At each step point, the density is measured to determine how much light is scattered, which affects how much opacity increases in the next step.

For this calculation, calculation by light at each position should be added to Equation (8).

To add illumination, we need to consider the scattering and absorption of light at each point along the ray. The amount of scattering made from the light in the w direction from the x point in the volume to the corresponding point is the same as in Equation 9.

where w is the direction of the light and l is the point towards the negative direction of the light outside the volume. That is, -LinearDensity(x, l) represents the linear density due to light from the point x until reaching the volume boundary, which means the amount of particles absorbing light.

Here, the OutScattering term is multiplied by Opacity to calculate the ratio of absorbed light based on the opacity of the volume.

Returns the total scatter at all points along the ray through the volume as in equation (10).

14 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a configuration and volume texture applied to the material of the cloud object by nodeizing the shader code.

Fig. 14 (a) shows that the shader code is nodeized and applied to the material of the cloud object.

The shader code is applied from the Density Raymarch node and the volume texture is read from the Cloudtexture node. After that, it is multiplied by the LightColor node to determine the color of the cloud.

14(b) is a volume texture and shows a state in which textures representing each layer are combined into one. In the case of typhoon, the 3D data of the WRF model result consists of 29 layers and is stored in 5 X 5 sections.

The Density Raymarch node reads this volume texture and divides them into one layer.

15 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example in which temperature is expressed as an isoline.

Temperature is the most suitable factor to express as an isoline.

In an embodiment of the present invention, an example of expressing the temperature at a height of 2 m from the earth's surface will be described.

First, read raw data of Gion using C++ code.

It is the same as reading other data, but the temperature value of the numerical model result uses the K unit system, so it is necessary to convert it to the ℃ unit system that we often use. For this, the absolute zero value of 273.15 is subtracted from the read data and stored in an array.

Table 4 is the code to create a Contour Texture using the saved array.

After the data is normalized, the corresponding color is stored in an array by comparing it with the color legend, and then the Contour Texture is created using the UpdateTextureRegions function.

15 is an isoline of the temperature of 2 m in one time zone among typhoon cases.

In (a) of FIG. 15, the range of the color legend is designated as -10 to 40°C, and (b) is designated as -10 to 30°C.

Comparing with (a), it can be seen that the figure in (b) is easy to grasp the distribution of temperature. In (b), it can be seen that the temperature changes according to the type of typhoon along the center of the typhoon in the western part of the Korean Peninsula, and the temperature difference due to the topography is clearly distinguished with the Taebaek Mountains in the east as the boundary. As in the comparison between (a) and (b), the distribution of temperature varies depending on the case, so it is necessary to designate a range that can represent the characteristics of each case well.

16 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example in which the amount of precipitation is expressed as an isoline.

Since precipitation is the amount of rain falling in one area for a certain period of time, it has only one layer, two-dimensional data, so it is a suitable meteorological element to express as an isoline.

Although various variables indicating the amount of precipitation exist, in an embodiment of the present invention, the expression using the WRF model result will be described as an example.

Since only the cumulative precipitation is given in the WRF model result, in order to represent this as the current time's precipitation, as in Equation 11, the current time's accumulated precipitation must be subtracted from the previous time's accumulated precipitation.

And, there are two types of cumulative precipitation shown in the WRF model result. RAINC is generated by the cumulus parameterization, and RAINNC is a variable generated by a microphysical process and a separate processor that generates precipitation.

In general, the cumulative precipitation in the WRF model is used as the sum of RAINC and RAINNC, and the unit is mm.

First, RAINC and RAINNC are read from raw data through C++ code, summed and stored in an array.

As shown in Table 5, after each data is read through the getline function, it is classified according to the x-coordinate with the ParseIntoArray function, and the two values are combined and stored in the Rain array.

Using the code that creates the contour texture using the saved array, subtract the Rain array value of the previous time from the Rain array value of the time you want to create, compare it with the color legend, and save it in the array.

And in the case of the first time, since the previous time does not exist, the Rain array value of the first time is stored in the array by using the If statement.

The saved array creates a Contour Texture through the UpdateTextureRegions function.

16 is an isoline representation of the amount of precipitation in one time period among typhoon cases.

It can be seen that the places where it rains a lot are expressed in red, the places where there is little rain are expressed in blue, and the places where it does not rain are colorless. Although it rains a lot near the center of the typhoon, it can be seen that there is not much precipitation in the Korean peninsula, which is relatively west of the typhoon.

17 is a configuration diagram showing an example in which 3-second gust is expressed as an isoline.

The present invention makes it possible to also express the 3-second gust, which is the result from the typhoon advance disaster prevention model.

Since 3-second gust is a two-dimensional data with only wind speed, it is expressed as an isoline.

17 , it can be seen that the 3-second gust of high wind speed is distributed around the eye of the typhoon similarly to the existing wind speed.

18 is a detailed configuration diagram of the air environment information display unit according to the present invention.

Air environment information includes not only fine dust and yellow dust that we are familiar with, but also various elements such as pollutants caused by leakage accidents or pollutants around thermal power plants. Most of the atmospheric environment information provided so far has been expressed in two dimensions, but due to the characteristics of fine dust or pollutants, more effective analysis will be possible if the vertical distribution is known through three-dimensional display.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional air environment information data uses the CMAQ (Community Multi-scale Air Quality) model result and is expressed in three dimensions using the volume rendering technique, so that the movement, diffusion, and vertical distribution of air pollutants are so that you can see it at a glance.

For this purpose, the atmospheric environment information display unit 40 according to the present invention is a screen viewed from above in which the PM2.5 concentration over time is expressed by volume rendering, a screen viewed from the bottom to see a vertical distribution, The ultrafine dust (PM2.5) display unit 41 that provides a screen showing the isoline expression of the PM2.5 concentration and the three-dimensional data of PM10 representing the fine dust are used to volume-render the fine dust concentration in three dimensions. The carbon monoxide concentration is expressed in three dimensions by volume rendering using the fine dust (PM10) display unit 42, which represents the data for each altitude as an isoline, and the three-dimensional data of CO representing carbon monoxide. Using the carbon monoxide (CO) display unit 43 representing the data as an isoline, and the 3D data of NO representing nitrogen monoxide, the nitrogen monoxide concentration is rendered in three dimensions and expressed in three dimensions, and the data for each altitude is expressed as an isoline. Using the nitrogen (NO) display unit 44 and _{3D data of SO 2} representing sulfurous acid gas, the sulfur dioxide concentration is expressed in three dimensions by volume rendering, and sulfur dioxide (SO _{2 ) representing the data for each altitude as an isoline.} ) includes an expression part (45).

By the air environment information display unit 40 according to the present invention having such a configuration, PM2.5 which is ultrafine dust, PM10 which is fine dust, and other pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide and sulfur dioxide are expressed among the CMAQ model results. make it possible

19A to 19C are screen configuration diagrams in which PM2.5 concentration in the Korean peninsula over time is expressed through volume rendering.

Among the results of the CMAQ model, the ultrafine dust concentration was expressed in three dimensions by volume rendering using the three-dimensional data of PM2.5, which is ultrafine dust, and the data for each altitude is represented by an isoline.

In the present invention, it is possible to provide a screen viewed from the top as a screen expressing the PM2.5 concentration in the Korean peninsula over time by volume rendering, and a screen viewed from the bottom to see the vertical distribution, and as shown in FIG. 19c, the CMAQ model Among the results, it is possible to provide a screen showing the isoline expression of the PM2.5 concentration of the lowest layer.

19A to 19C , it can be seen that, over time, the ultrafine dust existing in the Korean Peninsula is combined with the ultrafine dust introduced from the west coast and moves to the north.

20A to 20C are diagrams illustrating a three-dimensional display of fine dust concentration by volume rendering using three-dimensional data of PM10.

Among the results of the CMAQ model, the three-dimensional data of PM10 representing fine dust was used to express the fine dust concentration in 3D by volume rendering, and the data for each altitude were expressed as isolines.

As a screen expressing the PM10 concentration in the Korean peninsula over time through volume rendering, a screen viewed from the top and a screen viewed from the side to see the vertical distribution can be provided. It is possible to provide a screen showing the isoline expression.

20A to 20C , it can be seen that PM10 exhibits a movement similar to PM2.5.

21A to 21C are diagrams illustrating a three-dimensional screen configuration by volume-rendering carbon monoxide concentration using three-dimensional data of CO.

Among the CMAQ model results, the carbon monoxide concentration was expressed in three dimensions by volume rendering using the three-dimensional data of CO representing carbon monoxide.

As a screen expressing the concentration of CO in the Korean peninsula over time with volume rendering and isolines, a screen viewed from the top centered on the Korean Peninsula and a screen viewed from the side to see the vertical distribution can be provided, as shown in FIG. 21c , it is possible to provide a screen showing the isoline expression of the CO concentration of the lower layer.

In the beginning, it can be seen that CO, which was distributed in the west and east coasts, gathers around the metropolitan area as time goes by and then spreads to the north. The diffusive distributions of PM2.5, PM10 and CO are similar because they are diffused by the same wind at the same time period.

22A to 22C are diagrams illustrating the three-dimensional display of the nitrogen monoxide concentration by volume rendering using the three-dimensional data of NO.

Among the CMAQ model results, the nitrogen monoxide concentration was expressed in three dimensions by volume rendering using the three-dimensional data of NO, which represents nitrogen monoxide, and the data for each altitude is represented by an isoline.

As a screen expressing the NO concentration of the Korean peninsula region over time with volume rendering and isolines, it is possible to provide a screen viewed from the top centered on the Korean Peninsula and a screen viewed from the side to see the vertical distribution, as shown in FIG. 22c , it is possible to provide a screen showing the isoline expression of the NO concentration of the low layer.

The nitrogen monoxide in this case is mainly distributed in the metropolitan area and Gyeongsangnam-do, and it can be seen that it spreads to nearby areas under the influence of wind.

23A to 23C are diagrams illustrating a screen configuration in which the sulfur dioxide concentration is rendered in three dimensions using three-dimensional data _{of SO 2 .}

Among the results of the CMAQ model, the sulfur dioxide concentration was expressed in three dimensions by volume rendering using the three-dimensional data of _{SO 2 representing sulfur dioxide gas, and the data for each altitude is represented by an isoline.}

_{As a screen expressing the concentration of SO 2} in the Korean Peninsula region over time with volume rendering and isolines, it is possible to provide a screen viewed from the top centered on the Korean Peninsula, and a screen viewed from the side to see the vertical distribution, as shown in FIG. 23c Likewise, it is possible to provide a screen showing the isoline expression of the concentration of SO _{2 in the low layer.}

Similar to nitrogen monoxide, sulfur dioxide is mainly distributed in the metropolitan area and Gyeongsangnam-do, but the area is smaller than nitrogen monoxide. Similar to the case of NO, it can be seen that it spreads to the surroundings under the influence of the wind.

The screen menu configuration of the MAIVE program according to the present invention will be described in detail as follows.

24 is a block diagram of a screen menu of the MAIVE program according to the present invention.

In FIG. 24, ① is a menu for controlling the wind vector field.

25 is a configuration diagram for explaining a menu for controlling a wind vector field.

The arrow button on the left serves to turn on and off the colored wind vector field according to the wind speed on the screen (FIG. b).

In the case of offset, you can set the spacing of the vector field, and this size cannot be lower than the grid spacing of raw data. In addition, the scale controls the size of the wind vector field, and the larger the number, the larger the overall vector size (c, d in FIG. 25).

In FIG. 24, ② is a menu for controlling stream vectors and lines.

26 is a configuration diagram for explaining a menu for controlling stream vectors and lines.

The black arrow button with a white background on the left turns on and off the stream vector of a color according to the wind speed on the screen like the wind vector field (FIG. 26a), and the white arrow on the right black background is black It serves to express a stream vector (FIG. 26 b).

The stream line button serves to display and erase the stream line on the screen (FIG. 26 c), and the stream vector and the stream line may be displayed at the same time (FIG. 26 d).

In the case of level, it is a menu that controls the number of stream vectors and lines created on the current screen. The higher the level, the more stream vectors and lines are displayed. 26 e, f).

In FIG. 25, ③ is a menu for controlling the contour map, and when the button is selected, the contour map is fused to the terrain and displayed.

27 is a configuration diagram for explaining a menu for controlling a contour map.

In the drop menu, it is possible to select meteorological elements and air quality information to be viewed currently (FIG. 27).

In addition, the contour map can be applied to all terrain skins so that the user can use the skin according to the desired picture.

In FIG. 24, ④ is a menu for controlling animation according to time, and when the execution button on the left is selected, weather elements and air quality information that are currently appearing are changed to match the time.

If you select the right stop button, it will stop at that time, and you can adjust the animation speed through the speed bar below.

In FIG. 24, ⑤ is a menu for controlling volume rendering, and when a button is selected, volume rendering of desired elements such as clouds and fine dust can be displayed and erased (FIG. 28).

28 is a configuration diagram for explaining a menu for controlling volume rendering.

In Fig. 24, ⑥ is a menu to change the skin of the terrain, and the first button is

As a result, the default skin color is applied, the second button is a mask skin that expresses the land in white and the sea is black, and the third button can switch to an outline skin that displays the boundary between the land and the sea in white (Fig. 29). ).

29 is a configuration diagram for explaining a menu for changing a skin of a terrain.

In addition, the left button of ⑦ in FIG. 24 performs the task of returning to the home screen where a case can be selected, and the right button performs the task of terminating the program.

In FIG. 24, ⑧ is a menu for indicating time on data and controlling a color legend.

30 is a configuration diagram for explaining a menu indicating time on data and controlling a color legend.

Time will change when you run the animation. In the case of the color legend, different legends are used depending on various factors such as wind speed, temperature, and precipitation. (FIG. 30)

The apparatus and method for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information according to the present invention according to the present invention described above are commercially available rather than simply overlapping the two-dimensional display in order to observe and analyze three-dimensional prediction and observation data from various viewpoints. It is designed to efficiently perform 3D visualization using the engine Unreal Engine 4 and the volume rendering technique.

As described above, it will be understood that the present invention is implemented in a modified form without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention.

Therefore, the specified embodiments are to be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive point of view, the scope of the present invention is indicated in the claims rather than the foregoing description, and all differences within the scope equivalent thereto are included in the present invention. will have to be interpreted.

10. DEM data extraction and 3D terrain generation unit
20. Terrain skins and outlines
30. Weather element display part
40. Air environment information display unit

Claims (21)

A DEM data extraction and 3D terrain generation unit that extracts DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data of a desired area in a height map format, and applies the extracted DEM height map data through the landscape function of Unreal Engine 4 to create a 3D terrain;
a terrain skin and contour display unit that applies the height of the terrain and a skin that distinguishes the sea from land by utilizing the material function of Unreal Engine to the 3D terrain created by the DEM data extraction and 3D terrain generation unit;
a weather element display unit for expressing a weather element on the terrain skin and outline display screen by the terrain skin and outline display unit;
Air environment information display unit that displays air environment information data three-dimensionally on the terrain skin and contour display screen by the terrain skin and contour display unit to know the movement, diffusion, and vertical distribution of air pollutants; includes; Device for optimizing the three-dimensional expression of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that. The method of claim 1, wherein the terrain skin and contour display unit,
Atmospheric environment information characterized by selectively applying a basic skin that colors according to the height of the terrain, a mask skin that distinguishes the sea and land, and an outline skin that displays the boundary between the sea and land by utilizing the material function of Unreal Engine A device for optimizing the 3D expression of According to claim 1, wherein the weather element expression unit,
After reading 3D data through the C++ language, it is made into a volume texture, and the volume texture is rendered by applying the Raymarching algorithm to process wind information, cloud information, temperature information, precipitation information, and 3-second gust information to process weather elements. An apparatus for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that it expresses. The method of claim 1, wherein the air environment information display unit,
After reading 3D data through C++ language, it is made into a volume texture, and the volume texture is rendered by applying the Raymarching algorithm to ultra-fine dust (PM2.5), fine dust (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide. (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ) A device for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that the information is displayed by processing the information. According to claim 1, wherein the weather element expression unit,
A wind information processing unit that converts the u and v components of the wind vector, which is the result of the numerical model, into wind direction and wind speed, and performs wind vector field, stream vector, stream line expression and isoline processing;
A cloud information processing unit that performs 3D visualization processing by volume rendering of cloud information using QCLOUD variables;
To read raw data of temperature from raw data using C++ source code and convert it to ℃ unit system, subtract 273.15, the absolute zero value, from the read data, store it in an array, normalize the data, and compare it with the color legend. a temperature information processing unit that processes temperature information by storing colors in an array;
Read RAINC and RAINNC from raw data through C++ code, add them up, store them in an array, subtract the Rain array value of the previous time from the value of the Rain array at the desired time to create, compare it with the color legend, and store it in an array to process precipitation information and a precipitation information processing unit,
A device for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that it comprises a 3-second gust processing unit that expresses the 3-second gust as an isoline. According to claim 5, Wind information processing unit,
Wind vector field expression unit that extracts wind u and v components from raw data using C++ source code and reads them, calculates wind direction and wind speed, stores them in an array, reads them from Unreal Engine and reflects them in each wind field vector Wow,
A stream vector display unit that implements a stream vector that is a wind vector flowing along the wind field;
A stream line display unit that implements a streamline flowing along the wind field similar to a stream vector;
3 of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that it includes an isoline processing unit that normalizes wind speed data from 0.0 to 1.0 to match the color of the legend color, stores the corresponding color information in an array, and creates a texture to fuse with the terrain skin A device for optimizing dimensional representation. According to claim 1, wherein the data input for the expression of weather elements and air environment information supports NetCDF, Grib, Grib2, Ascii file format,
The input data is a three-dimensional expression of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that it includes data from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ), Automatic Weather Station (AWS), and Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS). device for optimization. The method of claim 1, wherein the weather element display unit and the atmospheric environment information display unit,
After reading 3D data through C++ language, it is made into a volume texture, and the created volume texture is used for volume rendering with Raymarching algorithm applied.
Opacity generation process by light absorption and color generation process by lighting and scattering are performed, and the density or thickness of the point to create volume opacity,

defined as,
Here, Transmittance is transmittance, t is the distance moved within the volume, and d is the density of the volume. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein as the ray passes through all voxels in the volume, the absorption is calculated by multiplying the color of the ray by the inverse opacity of the current voxel, the color of the current voxel multiplied by the opacity of the current voxel,

is defined as
Here, voxel refers to a pixel in 3D space, C _out is the color after passing through the voxel, C _in is the color before passing through the voxel, Opacity(x) is the opacity of the x position, and Color(x) is the index of the x position. Device for optimizing the three-dimensional expression of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein after obtaining the thickness of the volume at each point, in order to estimate the opacity, which is the amount of light blocked by the volume, using the thickness value;
linear density is

is accumulated along the ray from point x to x′ as
The transmittance for the ray length from point x to x' is

An apparatus for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that it is defined as 11. The method of claim 10, wherein when calculating the density of the volume, the shadow is calculated by lighting, and the amount of scattering made from the light in the w direction from the x point in the volume to the corresponding point is

is defined as
where w is the direction of light and l is the point toward the negative direction of light from outside the volume. Device for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that it means the amount of particles to be absorbed. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the OutScattering term is multiplied by the Opacity to calculate the proportion of light absorbed based on the opacity of the volume, and returning the total scatter at all points along the ray through the volume comprises:

An apparatus for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that it is defined as The method of claim 1, wherein the air environment information display unit,
Ultrafine dust (PM2.5) that provides a screen showing the PM2.5 concentration over time by volume rendering, a screen viewed from the bottom to see the vertical distribution, and a screen showing the isoline expression of the PM2.5 concentration expression and
A fine dust (PM10) display unit that uses the three-dimensional data of PM10 representing fine dust to volume-render and express the fine dust concentration in three dimensions, and displays the data for each altitude as an isoline;
A carbon monoxide (CO) display unit that expresses the carbon monoxide concentration in three dimensions by volume rendering using the three-dimensional data of CO representing carbon monoxide and displays the data for each altitude as an isoline;
A nitrogen monoxide (NO) display unit that uses the three-dimensional data of NO representing nitrogen monoxide to express the nitrogen monoxide concentration in three dimensions by volume rendering and displays the data for each altitude as an isoline;
_{Using the three-dimensional data of SO 2} representing sulfurous acid gas, the sulfur dioxide concentration is expressed in three dimensions by volume rendering, and the sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ) display unit representing the data for each altitude as an isoline. A device for optimizing the three-dimensional display of information. According to claim 1, wherein the screen for three-dimensional expression through the weather element display unit and atmospheric environment information display unit,
Includes a menu to control the wind vector field, a function to turn on and off the colored wind vector field according to the wind speed on the screen through the on-screen menu, a function to display and erase a single black wind vector field, wind vector An apparatus for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that it provides a function of setting the field interval and adjusting the size of the wind vector field. According to claim 1, wherein the screen for three-dimensional expression through the weather element display unit and atmospheric environment information display unit,
It includes a menu to control the stream vector and line, and the function to turn on/off the stream vector of the color according to the wind speed on the screen through the screen menu, the function to express the stream vector unified in black, and the stream line to the screen A device for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that it provides a function to display and delete functions, stream vectors and stream lines at the same time. According to claim 1, wherein the screen for three-dimensional expression through the weather element display unit and atmospheric environment information display unit,
Includes a menu to control the contour map, a function to display the contour map fused to the terrain through the on-screen menu, a function to select the weather elements and air quality information you want to see, and the contour map can be applied to all terrain skins. A device for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that it provides a function that allows the user to utilize the skin according to the desired picture. According to claim 1, wherein the screen for three-dimensional expression through the weather element display unit and atmospheric environment information display unit,
It includes a menu to control animation according to time, and a function to change and stop the weather elements and air quality information currently appearing over time through the on-screen menu to suit the time, and a function to adjust the animation speed. An apparatus for optimizing the three-dimensional expression of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that it provides. According to claim 1, wherein the screen for three-dimensional expression through the weather element display unit and atmospheric environment information display unit,
An apparatus for optimizing three-dimensional expression of atmospheric environment information, comprising a menu for controlling volume rendering, and providing a function of expressing and erasing volume rendering of an element desired to be expressed through a screen menu. According to claim 1, wherein the screen for three-dimensional expression through the weather element display unit and atmospheric environment information display unit,
Includes a menu to change the skin of the terrain, a basic skin that is colored according to the height through the on-screen menu, a mask skin that expresses the land in white and the sea in black, and an outline skin that displays the boundary between the land and the sea in white A device for optimizing the three-dimensional expression of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that it provides a function that enables the conversion to. According to claim 1, wherein the screen for three-dimensional expression through the weather element display unit and atmospheric environment information display unit,
A device for optimizing the three-dimensional display of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that it provides a function to return to the home screen to select a case, or to end the program, and a menu to indicate the time on the data and control the color legend. DEM data extraction and 3D terrain generation step of extracting DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data of a desired area in a height map format, and applying the extracted DEM height map data through the landscape function of Unreal Engine 4 to create a 3D terrain;
Terrain skin and contour expression step of applying the height of the terrain and the skin that distinguishes the sea and land by utilizing the material function of Unreal Engine to the 3D terrain created in the DEM data extraction and 3D terrain generation phase;
A weather element expression step of expressing the weather element on the terrain skin and outline expression screen by the terrain skin and outline expression step; and,
Atmospheric environment information expression step of expressing air environment information data three-dimensionally on the terrain skin and outline expression screen by the terrain skin and outline expression step so that the movement, diffusion, and vertical distribution of air pollutants can be known; including; A method for optimizing the three-dimensional expression of atmospheric environment information, characterized in that.

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