KR20210151468A - Method for producing light oil for gasoline from bio-crude oil derived from waste coffee grounds and light oil for gasoline produced thereby - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for producing light oil for gasoline from bio-crude oil derived from waste coffee grounds, and light oil for gasoline produced thereby. To this end, the present invention provides a method for producing light oil for gasoline from bio-crude oil derived from waste coffee grounds, which includes: preparing coffee grounds-derived bio-crude (step 1); separating the bio-crude oil into a light fraction and a heavy fraction (step 2); converting the heavy fraction into a light fraction (step 3); and mixing the light fraction separated in step 2 and the light fraction converted in step 3 and removing oxygen, thereby converting to hydrocarbon-based fuel (step 4). In addition, the present invention provides a light oil for gasoline produced by the above method and excluding a fatty acid having 16 to 22 carbon atoms. According to the present invention, high-quality light oil is efficiently produced from the coffee grounds-derived bio-crude. In addition, process efficiency and process economy are realized through the process of separation and recycling.

Description

Method for producing light oil for gasoline from bio-crude derived from coffee grounds and light oil for gasoline produced thereby

The present invention relates to a method for producing gasoline light oil from bio-crude derived from coffee grounds and to a gasulin light oil produced thereby.

Currently, the global village has serious global warming and air pollution problems due to excessive use of fossil energy. One of the ways to solve this is the production and use of renewable energy to replace fossil energy. Bioenergy is the only carbon-based renewable energy. In other words, if biomass is properly processed, it can be used as a fuel to replace fossil fuels used in automobiles, ships, airplanes, and generators.

Biomass is a renewable energy and can be secured in most countries, so it can contribute to energy independence. In Korea, biodiesel manufactured from oil is used as fuel for diesel vehicles, and bio-heavy oil is commercialized as fuel for power generation. However, there has been no case of using biofuels as fuel for gasoline vehicles in Korea. In order to significantly increase the use of bioenergy, it is necessary to produce and supply high-quality liquid fuel from vegetation-based biomass with abundant natural resources.

One of the most common methods for producing liquid fuel from vegetative biomass is a rapid pyrolysis process in which the biomass is heated to a high temperature in an anaerobic atmosphere. This process is relatively simple, and the yield of bio-crude oil, which is a liquid product, is as high as 60 wt% or more, and has the advantage that most of the energy input to the process can be supplied by burning by-products.

However, bio-crude oil has high moisture and oxygen content, so its calorific value is low, chemical stability is poor, and it cannot be used as a transportation fuel due to the presence of hundreds of various organic substances. The representative quality improvement (upgrading) processes of biocrude are chemical stabilization technology by ester reaction (Fuel Processing Technology 2017, 155, 2-19) and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction (Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016, 33, 3299). -3315) and oxygen removal technology using a solid acid catalyst (Applied Catalysis A: General 2011, 407, 1-19), all of which have the purpose of reducing the aerobic content of bio-crude and securing chemical stability. In particular, in order to produce gasoline light oil for transportation from bio-crude oil, a hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process must be applied, which requires a large amount of hydrogen. However, as the demand for hydrogen for transportation and power generation is rapidly expanding in the face of the recent hydrogen economy society, the development and application of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) technology without possible external hydrogen supply is required.

On the other hand, more than 100,000 tons of coffee grounds generated in the coffee production process are generated in Korea alone per year among plant biomass, and it is easy to collect and has a low price as a process by-product, so it is suitable as a raw material for rapid pyrolysis.

However, it is known that bio-crude obtained from rapid thermal decomposition of coffee grounds has a higher fatty acid content and lower phenolic content than general plant-based biomass pyrolysis bio-crude. Most of the fatty acids contained in bio-crude oil are palmitate, stearate, oleate, and linoleic acid having more than 16 carbons. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, these contents may exceed 60 area% at most. Therefore, in order to maximize the production of gasoline light oil for transportation from coffee grounds pyrolysis bio-crude, it is necessary to improve the existing bio-crude upgrading technology to reduce oxygen content, secure chemical stability, and apply a technology for decomposing fatty acids.

Korean Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-2019-0140675 discloses a method for improving the physical properties of biomass-derived pyrolysis oil, and specifically, from biomass-derived pyrolyzed oil, in which oxygen is removed from the biomass-derived pyrolyzed oil and homogeneous without layer separation A method for producing a fuel, comprising: a) mixing biomass-derived pyrolysis oil, hydrocarbon or plastic-derived pyrolysis oil, and alcohol; b) performing an alcohol supercritical reaction in which oxygen is removed from pyrolysis oil derived from biomass in the presence of hydrocarbon or plastic-derived pyrolysis oil by heating above the supercritical temperature of the alcohol in a reactor for forming a supercritical fluid from alcohol; c) separating gas and solid from the product of the previous step, and removing volatile components is disclosed. However, the technology of the above document only performs the so-called 'upgrade process' of removing oxygen from bio-crude oil, and does not include the treatment of heavy oil present in bio-crude oil, so it is possible to manufacture high-quality hydrocarbon-based fuel. There is an impossible problem.

Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention prepared a light oil for gasoline from bio-crude derived from coffee grounds, but completed the present invention by researching a method for manufacturing a light oil for gasoline, including a technology for converting a heavy oil such as fatty acid into a light oil. .

<Prior art>

[Non-patent literature]

Fuel Processing Technology 2017, 155, 2-19,

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016, 33, 3299-3315,

Applied Catalysis A: General 2011, 407, 1-19

[Patent Literature]

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2019-0140675

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a light oil for gasoline from bio-crude derived from coffee grounds and a high-quality light oil for gasoline produced thereby.

To this end, the present invention

Preparing coffee grounds-derived bio-crude oil (step 1);

separating the bio-crude oil into a light fraction and a heavy fraction (step 2);

converting the heavy fraction into a light fraction (step 3); and

Mixing the light fraction separated in step 2 with the light fraction converted in step 3, removing oxygen to convert to hydrocarbon fuel (step 4); It provides a manufacturing method of

Also, the present invention

It is prepared by the above method and provides a light oil for gasoline, characterized in that it does not contain a fatty acid having 16 to 22 carbon atoms.

According to the present invention, there is an effect that can efficiently manufacture high-quality light oil from coffee grounds-derived bio-crude. In addition, there is an effect that can realize process efficiency and process economy through the process of separation and recycling.

1 is a process flow chart showing an example of the manufacturing method of the present invention, and
2 is a process flow chart showing the mass flow of an experiment performed in an experimental example of the present invention.

In the specification of the present invention, the terms “light component” and “light component” and “heavy component” and “heavy component” are respectively used with the same meaning.

The present invention provides a method for producing a light oil for gasoline from bio-crude derived from coffee grounds. In general, coffee grounds are suitable as raw materials for bio-crude production because supply and demand are cheap and easy, but bio-crude produced in this way has a higher fatty acid content and phenolic-based bio-crude compared to bio-crude derived from other vegetation-based biomass. There is a problem that the content is low, and therefore, it is difficult to obtain, for example, a light oil having 5 to 12 carbon atoms with high efficiency therefrom.

The present invention provides a method for producing a light oil for gasoline that solves such problems, and specifically

Preparing coffee grounds-derived bio-crude oil (step 1);

separating the bio-crude oil into a light fraction and a heavy fraction (step 2);

converting the heavy fraction into a light fraction (step 3); and

Mixing the light fraction separated in step 2 with the light fraction converted in step 3, removing oxygen to convert to hydrocarbon fuel (step 4); It provides a manufacturing method of

Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described in detail for each step.

Step 1 of the present invention is a step of preparing coffee grounds-derived bio-crude oil, and as is known, coffee grounds are easy to supply and cheap and suitable as a raw material for preparing bio-crude oil.

On the other hand, the step of preparing the coffee grounds-derived bio-crude oil may be performed by a known method, for example, it may be performed by a method of rapidly pyrolyzing coffee grounds. Rapid pyrolysis is a process of heating coffee grounds at a high temperature in an oxygen-free atmosphere, and has the advantage of producing bio-crude oil in high yield through a simple process. In addition, since most of the energy input to the process for heating can be supplied by burning by-products, there is an advantage in that the energy efficiency of the process is excellent.

After step 1 of preparing the bio-crude oil, the manufacturing method of the present invention may further include removing moisture from the prepared bio-crude oil before step 2 of separating the bio-crude oil into light and heavy fractions. The prepared bio-crude contains moisture, light oil and heavy oil, and if moisture is not removed in advance, it becomes a causative material to deactivate the catalyst in the downstream process, and there is a problem that lowers the process efficiency. Step of removing moisture in advance It is preferable to include

In this case, the step of removing the moisture may be performed through an evaporation process at a temperature of 80 to 110 ℃.

On the other hand, the water removed through the above process may include some light oil, and therefore, it is preferable to separate the light oil from the removed water, and then recycle it to the step of removing oxygen and converting it to a hydrocarbon-based fuel. In this case, the step of separating the light fraction from water may be performed by a known method, for example, it may be performed through a solvent extraction process. The solvent that can be used in the solvent extraction process may be, for example, dichloromethane.

The manufacturing method of the present invention includes the step of separating the prepared bio-crude oil into a light fraction and a heavy fraction. Light fraction and heavy fraction are distinguished by specific gravity, and light fraction has, for example, carbon number of 5 to 12 carbon atoms suitable for gasoline.

On the other hand, in the case of bio-crude derived from coffee grounds, since it contains a lot of heavy oil such as fatty acids, if it is not properly treated, there is a problem in that the efficiency of the subsequent gasoline production process is greatly reduced. Accordingly, in the manufacturing method of the present invention, the prepared bio-crude is separated into a light fraction and a heavy fraction, and a subsequent process is performed on the light fraction. In this case, the step of separating the light fraction and the heavy fraction from the bio-crude oil is preferably carried out through distillation at a temperature in the range of 200 ° C., which is the boiling point of gasoline, for example, 150 to 250 ° C.

The manufacturing method of the present invention includes the step of converting the heavy fraction separated in the above step into a light fraction in order to obtain the maximum amount of light fraction from the raw material. In this case, the step of converting the heavy oil into light oil may be performed by, for example, catalytic cracking, through which, in particular, heavy oil such as fatty acids, which are abundantly contained in coffee grounds-derived bio-crude, is converted into light oil, and later There is an effect that can improve the yield of light oil for gasoline. In addition, by separating the light fraction and the heavy fraction in advance and converting only the separated heavy fraction by a method such as catalytic cracking, there is an effect of improving the economic efficiency of the process.

In the catalytic cracking process, catalysts in which zeolite or a metal such as nickel are supported as cocatalysts can be preferentially applied. The reaction temperature for this process is 400 to 550 ℃, and the reaction pressure is suitable in the range of 0 to 50 bar.

Most of the fatty acids contained in bio-crude oil are palmitate, stearate, oleate, and linoleic acid having more than 16 carbons. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, these contents may exceed 60 area% at most. Therefore, in order to maximize the production of gasoline light oil for transportation from coffee grounds pyrolysis bio-crude, it is necessary to improve the existing bio-crude upgrading technology to reduce oxygen content, secure chemical stability, and apply a technology for decomposing fatty acids.

The manufacturing method of the present invention includes mixing the light fraction separated in step 2 and the light fraction converted in step 3, removing oxygen therefrom, and converting it to a hydrocarbon-based fuel. This step may be referred to herein as an upgrading process or an upgrading process. In general, bio-crude oil has high moisture and oxygen content, so its calorific value is low, chemical stability is low, and there are hundreds of various organic substances, so it cannot be used as a fuel for transportation. In order to solve this problem, a process for removing moisture may be required, and a process for removing oxygen is also required.

On the other hand, the step of converting to the hydrocarbon-based fuel may be performed after mixing the light fraction separated from the water separated from the bio-crude oil again with the mixture of the light fraction separated in step 2 and the light fraction converted in step 3 have.

At this time, the step of removing oxygen and converting to hydrocarbon-based fuel may be performed through a hydrodeoxygenation reaction (HDO), and the hydrogen required for the reaction may be supplied from the outside, or the process of the manufacturing method of the present invention Hydrogen generated within can also be used, and the demand for hydrogen for transportation and power generation is rapidly expanding in response to the recent hydrogen economy society, and accordingly there is a problem of difficulty in supply and demand of hydrogen and an increase in cost, so the manufacturing method of the present invention It is more preferable to use hydrogen generated within the process of

In the production method of the present invention, the hydrodeoxygenation reaction is, for example, in a supercritical fluid that is ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, acetone, etc. or a mixed fluid thereof, a heavy metal such as nickel (Ni) in a porous support with a large specific surface area, or Luce Using a catalyst on which a noble metal such as nium (Ru) is supported, it may be carried out at a reaction temperature of 300 to 400° C. and a reaction pressure of 150 to 350 bar.

The manufacturing method of the present invention can obtain a light oil for gasoline in high yield from the bio-crude derived from coffee grounds through the above steps, and further, after performing the above steps, removing the solvent at a temperature of 60 to 80 ℃ By further including, for example, it is possible to remove the solvent used as the supercritical fluid in the previous step.

The manufacturing method of the present invention can produce a light oil for gasoline through the above steps, but since a heavy oil may be included in the final product that has undergone such a step, for example, gasoline through evaporation at 150 to 250 ° C. It is preferable to further include the step of separating the light fraction and the heavy fraction for use.

In addition, it is preferable that the heavy fraction additionally separated through the above step is recycled to step 3 and converted into a light fraction together with the heavy fraction separated from the initial bio-crude oil.

According to the manufacturing method of the present invention, light oil for gasoline can be obtained in high yield from bio-crude derived from coffee grounds, which is easy to supply and inexpensive, and furthermore, there is an effect that can greatly improve process economics.

In addition, the present invention provides a light oil for gasoline, which is produced by the above method and does not contain a fatty acid having 16 to 22 carbon atoms. Although the light oil for gasoline of the present invention is manufactured from bio-crude derived from coffee grounds, which is easy to obtain and inexpensive, it does not contain fatty acids having 16 to 22 carbon atoms. There is a production effect.

The manufacturing method of the present invention is described in more detail by the following exemplary description. However, the following description is only an example of the manufacturing method of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the content described below.

Primary and secondary evaporative separation process

Moisture present in the biocrude obtained from the rapid thermal decomposition of coffee grounds may decrease the activity of the downstream catalytic process and has an adverse function of lowering the calorific value of the product, so it is desirable to remove it. In the “primary separation” process, water and oil are separated through evaporation. Evaporation temperature is determined by the degree of decompression. For example, 80°C at 0.2 bar and 100°C at 1 bar are suitable.

It is known that hundreds of types of organic substances exist in biocrude, and the molecular weight varies from tens to hundreds of g/mol. Among the oil fractions, the heavy fraction that does not correspond to the number of carbon atoms in the gasoline light fraction must be separated in advance to reduce the burden of the downstream supercritical fluid upgrading process. To this end, the “secondary separation” process separates light and heavy components by evaporating near the upper boiling point of gasoline at 200°C.

The “primary separation” process and the “secondary separation” process can be performed simultaneously in one evaporator (or distillation unit). In this case, it is possible to discharge and separate water and light components at the same time by placing an outlet at the temperature point of the evaporation column (or distillation column) to be separated.

Catalytic cracking process

The separated heavy fraction contains fatty acids, tars, hydrocarbons, ketones, aromatic compounds, etc. having a large molecular weight. Since these have more carbon number than gasoline light content, they cannot be converted to gasoline through deoxygenation in the supercritical fluid upgrading process, which is a downstream process. Therefore, it is necessary to convert it to gasoline through a catalytic cracking reaction.

The catalytic cracking reaction is mainly performed at atmospheric pressure, and the catalyst is fluidized in order to maintain the activity of the catalyst as much as possible and suppress the coking reaction, which is a side reaction. That is, it is necessary to introduce a catalyst fluidized bed reactor and to keep the reaction time short within a few seconds. Preferably, a circulating fluidized bed reactor or a rising reactor may be considered preferentially. In the case of these reactors, the catalyst is discharged out of the reactor at a point in time when the activity decreases after staying in the reactor for a certain period of time, so that it can be regenerated and circulated back into the reactor.

Regeneration mainly uses a combustion method. For this, a catalyst is used as a catalyst to which a zeolite suitable for C-C cracking or a cocatalyst that promotes the activity of the catalyst is added. These catalysts can be regenerated through combustion.

Supercritical fluid upgrading process

The light fraction separated through evaporation and the light fraction obtained through catalytic cracking are combined and put into the supercritical fluid upgrading process. In the supercritical fluid upgrading process, active hydrogen or reducing radicals generated from catalytic decomposition of an organic solvent in a supercritical state undergo a deoxygenation chemical reaction on the catalyst with oxygen of the light fraction inputted. Through this, oxygen contained in the light oil is removed. Also, a certain degree of decomposition reaction occurs, and some oxygen is removed in the form of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.

The catalyst for producing active hydrogen from the supercritical organic solvent and the catalyst for deoxidation reaction may be simultaneously supported on one support and used as a bi-functional catalyst, or may be used separately. In the present invention, the catalyst and the catalytic reactor are not specifically limited.

Separation of upgrading products and production of gasoline light meal

The organic solvent used as the supercritical fluid is first separated from the supercritical fluid upgrading product through evaporation, and then the gasoline light component is separated from the heavy component. The “tertiary separation” process, which is an organic solvent evaporative separation, is performed near the boiling point of the organic solvent to minimize the loss of gasoline.

It is preferable to perform the “quaternary separation” process at 200°C, which is the upper limit of the boiling point of gasoline.

Both “tertiary separation” and “quaternary separation” can be performed in one evaporator (or distillation unit) because they use the difference in boiling point.

The heavy powder by-product obtained from the “quaternary separation” process is recycled and used as a raw material in the “catalytic cracking” process.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through experimental examples. The following content is only intended to describe the content of the present invention in detail, and is not intended to be interpreted as the technical scope of the present invention is limited by the following disclosure.

Experimental Example 1

Confirmation of composition of bio-crude derived from coffee grounds

The following experiment was performed to confirm the composition of bio-crude obtained by rapid thermal decomposition of coffee grounds.

Bio-crude produced by rapid pyrolysis of coffee grounds was obtained from the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, and 1,000 g of it was used for each experiment. The bio-crude was sufficiently evaporated at 80° C. and 0.2 bar for 5 hours or more to first separate moisture to obtain a primary separated fraction.

GC-MS analysis was performed on the obtained bio-crude oil and the primary separated fraction, and the results are shown in Table 1.

GC-MS area (%) Bio-crude derived from coffee grounds coffee grounds biocrude
primary fraction aromatic 1.0 1.9 hydrocarbon 11.7 7.1 phenolic 7.4 7.9 acid (fatty acid) 61.6
(60.4) 65.2
(63.9) Alcohol 3.7 2.7 aldehyde 0.0 0.0 ester 2.1 3.6 this time 0.0 0.0 ketones 4.1 4.5 nitrogen compounds 8.4 6.9 Etc 0.0 0.2 total 100.0 100.0

According to Table 1, in fact, in the case of coffee grounds-derived bio-oil, organic acids were particularly detected, and most of them were fatty acids having 16 or more carbon atoms. The remaining major substance groups were hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrogen compounds. Therefore, it can be said that it is difficult to produce high-concentration light oil for gasoline from this bio-crude without the use of fatty acids.

Experimental Example 2

Types and content of fatty acids in bio-crude derived from coffee grounds

In order to confirm the type and content of fatty acids contained in the coffee grounds-derived bio-crude, the following experiment was performed.

The coffee grounds biocrude primary separated fraction obtained in Experimental Example 1 was analyzed by gas chromatography, and an experiment was performed to calibrate the results, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Sample name (GC) mg/g wt% Palmitate C16:0 61.1 34.3 Stearate C18:0 12.2 6.8 Oleate C18:1n9c 13.8 7.7 Linoleate C18:2n6c 76.3 42.8 Gamma-linolenate C18:3n6 1.0 0.5 Linolenate C18:3n3c 2.5 1.4 Arachidate C20:0 4.9 2.7 Cis-11-Eiocosenoate C20:1 0.5 0.3 Behenate C22:0 1.2 0.6 Etc 4.7 2.7 total 178.0 100.0

From Table 2, it can be seen that the coffee grounds-derived bio-crude contains fatty acids in the order of linoleic acid, palmitate, oleic acid, and stearic acid.

Experimental Example 3

Production of light oil for gasoline from bio-crude derived from coffee grounds

The following experiment was performed to prepare light oil for gasoline from bio-crude derived from coffee grounds.

An exemplary flowchart of the manufacturing method of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 .

1,000 g of coffee grounds-derived bio-crude obtained from the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials was sufficiently evaporated for 5 hours or more in an environment of 80 ℃ and 0.2 bar to obtain 850 g of a primary separated oil. At this time, for the evaporated water, DCM extraction was performed at room temperature and pressure to obtain 14 g of water and 1 g of light oil. With respect to the primary separated residual fraction, distillation was sufficiently performed at 200 ° C. in an environment of 0.2 bar for 5 hours or more to obtain 680 g of a heavy fraction and 170 g of a light fraction. Catalyst cracking was performed on 680 g of the heavy oil under the conditions of the SAPO-11 catalyst supporting nickel at a temperature of 400 ° C. or higher to obtain 290 g of a light oil fraction, which was sufficiently distilled at 200 ° C. and 0.2 bar environment for 5 hours or more. 200 g of a light fraction was obtained. The 170 g of light oil and 200 g of light oil were mixed to make a raw material, and the raw material and ethanol were mixed in a 25:75 ratio, and then the reactant was hydrodeoxygenated in supercritical ethanol conditions at 350 ° C. and 250 bar conditions. The reaction was carried out, and the resulting liquid phase was sufficiently heated at 60 ° C. in an environment of 0.2 bar for 5 hours or more to remove the solvent, thereby finally obtaining 260 g of a light oil for gasoline. A detailed flowchart of the process is shown in FIG. 2 .

Claims (15)

Preparing coffee grounds-derived bio-crude (step 1);
separating the bio-crude oil into a light fraction and a heavy fraction (step 2);
converting the heavy fraction into a light fraction (step 3); and
Mixing the light fraction separated in step 2 with the light fraction converted in step 3, and removing oxygen to convert it into a hydrocarbon fuel (step 4); manufacturing method.
The method of claim 1, wherein step 1 is performed by rapidly pyrolyzing coffee grounds.
According to claim 1, After the step 1, the method for producing a light oil for gasoline from the coffee grounds-derived bio-crude oil, characterized in that it further comprises the step of removing moisture from the bio-crude prepared before the step 2.
[Claim 4] The method of claim 3, wherein the light fraction is separated from the removed moisture, and the light fraction is introduced in step 4.
[4] The method of claim 3, wherein the removing of the moisture is performed through an evaporation process at 80 to 110 °C.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the separation of the light fraction from the moisture is performed through a solvent extraction process.
The method of claim 1, wherein step 2 is carried out through distillation at 150 to 250 °C.
The method of claim 1, wherein step 3 is performed through a catalytic cracking process.
The method of claim 1, wherein step 4 is performed through a hydrodeoxygenation reaction.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the hydrodeoxygenation reaction is carried out in a supercritical fluid, using a catalyst in which a heavy metal or a noble metal is supported in a porous support, at a reaction temperature of 300 to 400 °C and a reaction pressure of 150 to 350 bar. A method for producing light oil for gasoline from bio-crude derived from coffee grounds, characterized in that
According to claim 1, After step 4, the method for producing a light oil for gasoline from coffee grounds-derived bio-crude oil further comprising the step of removing the solvent at a temperature of 60 to 80 ℃.
The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of separating a light fraction and a heavy fraction for gasoline after step 4, the light fraction for gasoline from coffee grounds-derived bio-crude oil.
[13] The method of claim 12, wherein the separation is performed through evaporation at 150 to 250 °C.
[13] The method of claim 12, wherein the separated heavy fraction is recycled to the step 3, wherein the light fraction for gasoline from bio-crude derived from coffee grounds is recycled.
A light oil for gasoline, which is prepared by the method of claim 1 and does not contain a fatty acid having 16 to 22 carbon atoms.

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