KR20210139026A - Reactor containment vessel outer wall cooling device using cavitation - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a reactor containment vessel outer wall cooling device using cavity. The reactor containment vessel outer wall cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a containment vessel installed on the shore and in which the reactor vessel in which the reactor core is accommodated; a cooling vessel formed with an inner space sealed to surround at least a portion of the outer wall of the containment vessel, in which the inner space is accommodated so that the level of the cooling water introduced from the outside is higher than the sea level so as to have a cavity of a lower temperature and lower pressure than the atmosphere in an upper portion of the cooling water; a cooling water supply pipe having a first valve and supplying the cooling water into the cooling vessel; and a cooling water inlet pipe having a second valve and formed below the sea level so that the cooling water inside the cooling vessel is in fluid communication with the sea water in the lower portion of the cooling vessel.

Description

A cooling device for the outer wall of a reactor containment vessel using a cavity

The present invention relates to a device for cooling the outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel using a cavity, and more particularly, there is no need to use a power such as a pump after the cavity is initially formed, and heat transfer by boiling without the need for separate operation or control by an operator and a device for continuously cooling the reactor containment outer wall through convection.

Nuclear power generation is a method of generating electrical energy by operating a turbine using the energy generated during nuclear fission. It does not generate carbon dioxide during the power generation process and can produce a large amount of electricity with a small amount of fuel. .

Such nuclear power generation requires cooling due to the generation of enormous heat, and as shown in FIG. It is transferred to the coolant in the 410 , and the coolant is circulated back into the reactor vessel 410 after exchanging heat in the heat exchanger 430 . In addition, the water in the drive system 450 is circulated as a path independent of the coolant, and the heat exchanger 430 generates steam in the drive system 450 as heat absorbed from the coolant, through which the turbine 452 . After being turned into electric energy by the generator 454, it is condensed again into water and circulated to the heat exchanger 430.

These reactors generate tremendous thermal energy, and the heat of these reactors is normally cooled properly, but if the heat of the reactor is not properly cooled due to unexpected accidents, a large-scale accident that destroys the reactor facility itself may occur. In addition to the loss of the facility, this can lead to a very dangerous situation that can cause radioactive contamination of the surrounding environment.

Therefore, various safety systems for cooling the nuclear reactor in an emergency situation are essential. These safety systems are provided in the form of supplementing the coolant supply to each part of the nuclear reactor and discharging the recovered heat to the outside through the heat sink by appropriately circulating the coolant.

Such a heat sink is made in the form of a heat exchanger for discharging only heat without leakage of an internal coolant, and such a heat exchanger can be immersed in water such as seawater or river and heat exchanged to release heat.

In the event of a major accident, the pump that replenishes the coolant fails and the coolant does not circulate properly, or the operator is injured or killed or is absent due to evacuation. There is a problem in not being able to do it properly.

Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1731817 (Reactor having a cooling system using the siphon principle and its operation method)

The present invention is intended to solve the above problems, and in the event of a large accident, the pump that replenishes the coolant fails and the coolant is not circulated properly, or the operator is injured, killed, or evacuated to prevent heat transfer and convection by boiling. An object of the present invention is to provide a device for continuously cooling the outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel.

The problems of the present invention are not limited to the problems mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

In order to solve the above problems, an apparatus for cooling an outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a containment vessel installed on a shoreline and in which a reactor vessel in which a nuclear reactor core is accommodated; Cooling having an inner space sealed to surround at least a portion of the outer wall of the containment vessel, the inner space is accommodated so that the level of cooling water introduced from the outside is higher than sea level, and a cavity of lower temperature and lower pressure than the atmosphere is provided in the upper portion of the cooling water Vessel; a cooling water supply pipe having a first valve and supplying the cooling water into the cooling vessel; and a cooling water inlet and outlet pipe having a second valve and formed below the sea level so that the cooling water inside the cooling vessel is in fluid communication with the sea water at the lower part of the cooling vessel; may include.

At this time, the containment vessel may be arranged to be submerged in the cooling water stored in the cooling vessel.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for cooling an outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel, comprising: a heat pipe having one end protruding outside the cooling vessel and the other end installed in the cooling vessel so as to be submerged in cooling water stored in the inner space; may further include.

In this case, the reactor containment outer wall cooling device includes a partition wall formed in a vertical direction between the heat pipe and the containment vessel, and a first region in which the heat pipe is located and a second region in which the containment vessel is located. A fluid may be flowably connected to the upper and lower portions of the separation wall.

In this case, the cooling water supply pipe may be located on the upper side of the cooling vessel.

On the other hand, the containment vessel may include a first containment vessel positioned on the ground side and a second containment vessel protruding from the ground in the seawater direction, and the cooling vessel may be formed to surround the outer wall of the second containment vessel have.

In this case, the first containment vessel accommodates the nuclear reactor vessel and has an energy release space, and the second containment vessel is partitioned from the first containment vessel, the heating medium is accommodated, and the pressure of the energy release space is transmitted. an energy absorbing space to be used, and an energy transfer space located above the energy absorbing space and absorbing and cooling the heat transferred from the reactor vessel and discharging the absorbed heat to the outside, wherein the reactor containment outer wall cooling device comprises: a containment partition wall provided in the second containment vessel to partition the energy absorption space and the energy transfer space; a pressure balance tube connecting the energy emitting space and the energy absorbing space to transfer the pressure of the energy emitting space to the energy absorbing space; an injection pipe connecting the energy absorbing space and the energy transmitting space to flow the heating medium of the energy absorbing space pressurized by the pressure equalization pipe into the energy transmitting space; and an injection pipe connecting the energy transfer space and the energy release space and having an injection tube opening/closing valve to flow the heating medium into the lower part of the energy emission space when the injection tube opening/closing valve is opened. may include.

In this case, the reactor containment outer wall cooling device may further include a first cooling passage for transferring the heat of the reactor vessel to the energy transfer space.

Meanwhile, the reactor containment outer wall cooling device may further include a saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber disposed in the energy transfer space, the heating medium is accommodated, and connected to the injection pipe.

At this time, the water level of the heating medium of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber may change according to the pressure of the energy transfer space.

In this case, the first cooling passage may include a first heat exchanger for absorbing heat from the reactor vessel; The apparatus for cooling the outer wall of the nuclear reactor containment vessel provided in the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber may include a second heat exchanger that transfers the heat absorbed from the first heat exchanger to the heat medium.

Meanwhile, the reactor containment outer wall cooling device may further include a second cooling passage disposed in the energy transfer space and discharging heat of the energy transfer space to the cooling vessel outside the second containment vessel.

In this case, the second cooling passage may include: a third heat exchanger disposed in the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber and absorbing heat from the heating medium; and a fourth heat exchanger disposed in the energy transfer space and absorbing heat from the energy transfer space.

The apparatus for cooling the outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment according to an embodiment of the present invention forms a low-temperature and low-pressure cavity inside the cooling vessel surrounding the outer wall of the containment vessel, thereby boiling cooling water at a temperature lower than the boiling point in the atmosphere to smoothly heat the containment vessel. can be discharged into the cooling vessel.

In addition, the apparatus for cooling the outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention installs a heat pipe to induce convection of low-temperature gas above sea level, so that the heat absorbed by the cooling vessel from the containment vessel can be discharged to the outside of the cooling vessel. have.

In addition, in the reactor containment outer wall cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention, after a cavity is formed in the cooling vessel, the pump that replenishes and supplies the coolant fails, so that the coolant is not circulated properly, or the operator is injured or killed or is evacuated and is absent Even in this case, it is possible to continuously cool the outer wall of the reactor containment vessel through heat transfer and convection by boiling without additional power or operation of an operator.

1 is a diagram schematically showing a conventional nuclear reactor.
2 is a diagram schematically illustrating an apparatus for cooling an outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a view showing a pressurized state of an energy absorption space of an apparatus for cooling an outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a view showing a cooling state in an energy transfer space of the reactor containment outer wall cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a boiling occurrence state of cooling water in the apparatus for cooling the outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a view showing a cooling state by a heat pipe of the reactor containment outer wall cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a view illustrating a cooling water supply state of an apparatus for cooling an outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a view showing a cavity formation state of the reactor containment outer wall cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains can easily implement them. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. In order to clearly explain the present invention in the drawings, parts irrelevant to the description are omitted, and the same reference numerals are assigned to the same or similar components throughout the specification.

2 is a diagram schematically showing an apparatus for cooling an outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2 , the apparatus for cooling the outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a containment vessel 10 and a cooling vessel 300 surrounding the containment vessel 10 . The cooling vessel 300 includes a first valve 311 , a cooling water supply pipe 310 , a second valve 321 , and a cooling water inlet pipe 320 to form a cavity 301 in the cooling vessel 300 . . In addition, the cooling vessel 300 is provided with a heat pipe 330 to radiate heat from the inside of the cooling vessel 300 in which the cavity 301 is formed to the outside, and the cooling vessel 300 by heat transfer of the heat pipe 330 . ) is provided with a partition wall 340 to help the convection of the internal coolant. Hereinafter, each configuration will be described in detail.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the containment vessel 10 accommodates the reactor vessel 122 in which the nuclear reactor core 124 is accommodated. At this time, the containment vessel 10 is installed on the shore (S1). However, the installation location of the containment vessel 10 is sufficient as long as it is near a cooling water supply source capable of sufficiently supplying cooling water, and it is not necessary to be installed at the shore S1. In addition, the cooling water may be seawater, but is not limited thereto.

At this time, the containment vessel 10 may be formed to be submerged in the cooling water stored in the cooling vessel 300 . Heat transfer is made from the outer wall of the containment vessel 10 to the cooling water stored in the cooling vessel 300, and the larger the area in contact with the outer wall of the containment vessel 10 and the cooling water, the higher the heat transfer rate. It is preferable that the height h1 of the containment vessel 10 from the sea level to be submerged in the cooling water stored in the cooling vessel 300 is smaller than the water level h2 of the cooling water introduced from the outside in the inner space of the cooling vessel 300 .

At this time, the containment vessel 10 may be made of a concrete or metal material. In addition, the containment container 10 is not limited to being made of a concrete or metal material, and may be made of various materials having heat resistance or explosion resistance. At this time, the containment vessel 10 of the reactor containment outer wall cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first containment vessel 100 and a second containment vessel 200, the first containment vessel 100 and Specific details of the second containment container 200 will be described later.

On the other hand, the cooling vessel 300 is provided with an inner space sealed to surround at least a portion of the outer wall of the containment vessel (10). However, the cooling vessel 300 is preferably formed to surround the outer wall of the containment vessel 10 in the widest possible range in order to expand the cooling range of the outer wall of the containment vessel 10, and the entire containment vessel 10 may be covered.

At this time, the cooling vessel 300 is accommodated in the inner space so that the level of the coolant introduced from the outside is higher than the sea level, and the cavity 301 is provided in the upper part of the cooling water.

At this time, the cavity 301 is in a state of lower temperature and lower pressure than the atmosphere, and in a situation where the temperature of the outer wall of the containment vessel 10 does not rise significantly, it is maintained in a state close to vacuum. However, in the low-temperature and low-pressure state, since the boiling point of the fluid is lower than that of the standard temperature and pressure (STP) state, the cooling water introduced into the cooling vessel 300 is easily boiled even at a low temperature and vapor in the cavity 301 . state can be gathered.

Even if the cavity 301 is formed, if the temperature of the outer wall of the containment vessel 10 does not reach the boiling point of the cooling water under the conditions in which the cavity 301 is formed, heat transfer is also performed by contact between the outer wall of the containment vessel 10 and the cooling water. However, when the temperature of the outer wall of the containment vessel 10 reaches the boiling point of the cooling water under the condition in which the cavity 301 is formed, heat transfer by boiling is performed. Heat transfer by boiling has an advantage in that heat transfer efficiency is better than heat transfer by contact.

At this time, in the inner space of the cooling vessel 300 in which the cavity 301 is formed, the water level h2 of the cooling water introduced from the outside depends on the atmospheric pressure and the density of the cooling water, and corresponds to about 10 m based on seawater.

At this time, the cooling vessel 300 may be made of a concrete or metal material. In addition, the containment container 10 is not limited to being made of a concrete or metal material, and may be made of various materials having heat resistance or explosion resistance.

Meanwhile, the cooling water supply pipe 310 supplies cooling water into the cooling vessel 300 . When the cooling water is supplied through the cooling water supply pipe 310, a pump (not shown) may be used.

In this case, the cooling water supplied through the cooling water supply pipe 310 may be seawater. In addition, the cooling water is not limited to seawater and may consist of various liquids having a boiling point lower than the boiling point (100° C.) of pure water.

The cooling water supply pipe 310 includes a first valve 311 . The first valve 311 controls the supply of cooling water to the cooling vessel 300 . The first valve 311 is closed after the cooling water is sufficiently supplied to the inside of the cooling vessel 300 to close the cooling vessel 300 to maintain the cavity 301 in a state close to vacuum in the upper portion of the cooling vessel 300 .

The cooling water supply pipe 310 may be located on the upper side of the cooling vessel 300 . Preferably, the gas existing in the cavity 301 can be cooled once more by the cooling water installed in the center of the upper surface of the cooling vessel 300 and supplied to the cooling water supply pipe 310 .

On the other hand, the cooling water inlet pipe 320 is formed below the sea level so that the cooling water inside the cooling vessel 300 can communicate with the sea water in the lower part of the cooling vessel 300 . Preferably, the cooling water inlet pipe 320 is installed on the lower side of the cooling vessel 300 so as to be located as deep as possible downward from the sea level to enable fluid communication with low-temperature seawater.

At this time, the coolant inlet pipe 320 includes a second valve 321 . The second valve 321 is the cooling water inside the cooling vessel 300 so that the cooling water is supplied from the cooling water supply pipe 310 and the cavity 301 is formed in the upper part of the cooling vessel 300 after the first valve 311 is closed. Allows fluid communication with seawater.

On the other hand, the heat pipe 330 is installed in the cooling vessel 300 so that one end protrudes to the outside of the cooling vessel 300 and the other end is submerged in the cooling water stored in the inner space of the cooling vessel 300 . One end of the heat pipe 330 is sufficient if it protrudes outside the cooling vessel 300 , but is preferably installed so as to protrude from the top surface of the cooling vessel 300 in order to increase heat transfer efficiency by external air convection. In addition, it is sufficient that the other end of the heat pipe 330 is immersed in the cooling water stored in the inner space of the cooling vessel 300 , but it is preferable to increase the heat transfer efficiency by increasing the surface area of the heat pipe 330 immersed in the cooling water.

At this time, it is sufficient that the number of heat pipes 330 is at least one, and as the number increases, heat transfer from the cooling water to the outside is performed efficiently. In addition, the material or structure of the heat pipe 330 is sufficient as long as it facilitates heat transfer and is not limited to a specific material or structure.

Even without such a heat pipe 330 , the heat of the containment vessel 10 is discharged to the outside atmosphere through the outer wall of the containment vessel 10 , the cooling water stored in the cooling vessel 300 and the outer wall of the cooling vessel 300 . However, since the heat pipe 330 is formed of a material and structure that is easy to transfer heat, the heat of the cooling vessel 300 can be effectively discharged to the outside by installing the heat pipe 330 .

Meanwhile, the partition wall 340 is formed in the vertical direction between the heat pipe 330 and the containment vessel 10 and is connected to the cooling vessel 300 . In this embodiment, the inside of the cooling vessel may be divided by a partition wall into a first region 302 in which the heat pipe 330 is located and a second region 303 in which the containment vessel 10 is located, and the first The region 302 and the second region 303 are connected to the upper and lower portions of the partition wall 340 to allow a fluid to flow therethrough.

At this time, the partition wall 340 receives heat from the second containment container 200 while circulating the coolant based on the partition wall 340 and induces heat to be discharged to the outside of the cooling container 300 . Specifically, when the heat of the cooling water inside the cooling vessel 300 is released through the heat pipe 330 , the temperature of the cooling water near the heat pipe 330 is lowered. The cooling water whose temperature is lowered has a relatively increased density and descends. At this time, the partition wall 340 induces a decrease in the cooling water near the heat pipe 330 and an increase in the cooling water in the lower portion of the cooling vessel 300 .

In addition, the cooling water under the rising cooling vessel 300 absorbs heat as it passes near the second containment vessel 200 and has a higher temperature than the surrounding cooling water. The cooling water having an increased temperature has a relatively low density, continues to rise, and meets the heat pipe 330 again to transfer heat. 330) to prevent heat transfer and induce heat transfer to the heat pipe 330 only when it reaches the upper part of the partition wall 340.

The partition wall 340 may be formed to surround the heat pipe 330 , may be formed to surround the second containment container 200 , and may be formed to cross the inside of the cooling container 300 . free of charge That is, the partition wall 340 partitions the heat pipe 330 and the second containment container 200 , but is not limited to being formed in a specific shape as long as the cooling water is able to flow in the upper and lower portions of the partition wall 340 .

In addition, the vertical length of the partition wall 340 is not limited to a specific length as long as fluid communication is possible in the upper and lower portions of the partition wall 340 . However, in order to efficiently circulate the cooling water, it is preferable that the length in the downward direction of the partition wall 340 is at least longer than the length in the downward direction of the heat pipe 330, and the length in the upward direction of the partition wall 340 is at least cooled so that fluid communication is possible. It is preferable that the inner space of the container 300 is shorter than the level of the coolant introduced from the outside.

At this time, the partition wall 340 may be formed integrally with the cooling vessel 300 , and may be made of a concrete material like the cooling vessel 300 . In addition, the partition wall 340 is not limited to being made of a concrete material, and may be made of various materials having heat resistance or explosion resistance.

Meanwhile, referring to FIG. 2 , the containment vessel 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first containment vessel 100 positioned on the ground side and a second containment vessel 200 protruding from the ground in the seawater direction. Including, the cooling vessel 300 is formed to surround the outer wall of the second containment vessel (200). In addition, the containment vessel 10 is provided with a containment partition wall 201 to partition the first containment vessel 10 and the second containment vessel 10 , and the heat of the nuclear reactor vessel 122 is effectively discharged to the outside. A pressure equalization pipe 214, an injection pipe 228 and an injection pipe 242 are provided to do so. Hereinafter, each configuration will be described in detail.

The first containment vessel 100 has an energy release space 110 (ERS; Energy Release Space) in which the reactor vessel 122 is accommodated. The first containment vessel 100 is manufactured to withstand high temperature and pressure in order to prevent high temperature and high pressure steam or non-condensed gas discharged from the reactor vessel 122 from going out.

Accordingly, the first containment container 100 may be made of a concrete or metal material. In addition, the first containment container 100 is not limited to being made of a concrete or metal material, and may be made of various materials having explosion resistance.

On the other hand, the first containment vessel 100 is sufficient as long as it has a size and shape capable of accommodating the nuclear reactor vessel 122 irrespective of a specific shape, but is generally formed in a cylindrical shape.

And, the first storage container 100 is installed regardless of the ground or underground location. However, preferably buried underground or surrounded by soil (L).

A nuclear reactor core 124 may be accommodated in the nuclear reactor vessel 122 accommodated in the first containment vessel 100 . In addition, steam may be generated in the energy emitting space 110 using heat generated from the nuclear reactor core 124 . In addition, the reactor vessel 122 may include a reactor driving system including a steam generator and a flow path for circulating steam to an external turbine (not shown).

The second containment vessel 200 may be partitioned from the first containment vessel 100 while being connected to the first containment vessel 100 . The second containment vessel 200 is a second containment vessel ( 200) may have an energy transfer space 220 (ETS; Energy Transfer Space) emitting to the outside. The second containment vessel 200 is manufactured to withstand high temperature and pressure in order to prevent the high temperature and high pressure steam or non-condensed gas transmitted from the energy release space 110 from going out.

Accordingly, the second containment container 200 may be made of concrete or a metal material like the first containment container 100 . In addition, the second containment container 200 is not limited to being made of a concrete or metal material, and may be made of various materials having explosion resistance and corrosion resistance.

On the other hand, the second containment vessel 200 is sufficient as long as it has a size and shape capable of accommodating a sufficient amount of heat medium to cool the vapor emitted from the reactor vessel 122 regardless of a specific shape, but generally has a cylindrical shape. formed in the form Also, the first containment vessel 100 and the second containment vessel 200 may have a cylindrical shape as a whole, and may be formed in a form partitioned by partition walls.

The energy absorbing space 210 provided in the second containment 200 may be partitioned from the energy emitting space 110 to accommodate the heating medium. In this case, the heating medium may be water. The water level of the heating medium of the energy absorbing space 210 may be increased or decreased according to the pressure of the energy emitting space 110 .

The energy absorbing space 210 receives the pressure of the energy emitting space 110 and moves the heating medium accommodated in the energy absorbing space 210 to the energy emitting space 220 using the siphon effect, while the energy emitting space 110 . Relieves rapid internal pressure rise.

The energy transfer space 220 provided above the energy absorbing space 210 is partitioned from the energy emitting space 110 while being partitioned from the energy absorbing space 210 . At this time, it is partitioned from the energy absorption space 210 through the partition wall 201 for storage. The pressure of the energy transfer space 220 may change according to the pressure of the energy release space 110 . In addition, by connecting the energy emitting space 110 and the energy absorbing space 210 through the pressure equalization tube 214 , the energy emitting space 110 and the energy absorbing space 210 are well transferred to each other.

On the other hand, the containment partition wall 201 is disposed between the energy transfer space 220 and the energy absorption space 210, and like the second containment container 200, to prevent high-temperature and high-pressure steam or non-condensed gas from going out. It is manufactured to withstand high temperature and high pressure.

Accordingly, the containment partition wall 201 may be made of concrete or metal material, like the second containment container 200 , as well as various materials having explosion resistance and corrosion resistance.

On the other hand, the pressure equalization tube 214 is formed in an inverted U-shape, so that the heat medium of the energy absorption space 210 may be prevented from flowing into the energy discharge space 110 through the pressure equalization tube 214 .

In addition, the upper side of the pressure equalization tube 214 may be positioned higher than the upper side of the energy transfer space 210 . When the pressure of the energy emitting space 110 is increased, the increased pressure may be transferred to the energy absorbing space 210 through the pressure equalization tube 214 .

Accordingly, when the reactor vessel 122 is overheated and the temperature of the energy emitting space 110 increases, the pressure increases due to the increased temperature, and the increased pressure is transferred to the energy absorption space 210 through the pressure equalization tube 214 . can be transmitted. When the pressure of the energy absorbing space 210 increases, the heating medium accommodated in the energy absorbing space 210 may be pressurized.

The injection tube 228 may flow the heating medium of the energy absorption space 210 pressurized by the pressure equalization tube 214 to the energy transfer space 220 . In addition, the injection tube 228 may flow the heating medium in a manner to inject the energy transfer space 220, and one end of the injection tube 228 on the energy transfer space 220 side has a nozzle shape, or a nozzle is installed. can be

The heat medium injection pipe 242 may connect the energy delivery space 220 and the energy discharge space 110 to introduce the heat medium of the energy delivery space 220 into the energy discharge space 110 .

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reactor containment outer wall cooling device includes an injection pipe on-off valve 244 . The injection pipe opening/closing valve 244 may be installed in the thermal medium injection pipe 242 to selectively open and close the thermal medium injection pipe 242 .

The injection tube opening/closing valve 244 may close the heat medium injection tube 242 when the nuclear reactor is in normal operation. The injection tube opening/closing valve 244 may open the heat medium injection tube 242 when the temperature or pressure of the reactor vessel 122 or the energy release space 110 is excessively increased. When the injection pipe opening/closing valve 244 opens the heat medium injection pipe 242 , the heat medium of the energy transfer space 220 is moved to the energy discharge space 110 . The heating medium moved to the energy emitting space 110 cools the reactor vessel 122 or the energy emitting space 110 .

In addition, the apparatus for cooling the outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first cooling passage 130 for transferring the heat of the reactor vessel 122 to the energy transfer space 220 .

At this time, the heat absorption medium may be moved to the first cooling passage 130 . The heat absorbing medium may be water. A first heat exchanger 132 for absorbing heat from the reactor vessel 122 and a second heat exchanger 134 for dissipating the absorbed heat may be installed in the first cooling passage 130 . The heat absorbing medium may absorb heat from the first heat exchanger 132 and radiate heat from the second heat exchanger 134 . In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the first heat exchanger 132 may be a steam generator of the above-described reactor driving system. When the first heat exchanger 132 is a steam generator of the reactor driving system, the first cooling flow path 130 may branch or join at any point in the flow path pipe of the reactor driving system. In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the first heat exchanger 32 may be a separate configuration different from the steam generator.

In addition, the apparatus for cooling the outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 and a reference atmospheric pressure chamber 227 disposed in the energy transfer space 220 .

The saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 may have an approximately spherical shape. A heating medium is accommodated in the interior 222 of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 . The saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 may be connected to the injection pipe 228 . The saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 may receive a heating medium through the injection pipe 228 .

The reference atmospheric pressure chamber 227 may be disposed below the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 . The reference atmospheric pressure chamber 227 may accommodate a heating medium. The reference atmospheric pressure chamber 227 may communicate with the lower side of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 . The heating medium of the reference atmospheric pressure chamber 227 may receive the pressure of the heating medium of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 while receiving the pressure of the energy transfer space 220 . The water level of the heating medium of the reference atmospheric pressure chamber 227 may change according to the pressure of the energy transfer space 220 and the pressure of the heating medium of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 . For example, when the pressure of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 increases, the heating medium of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 may flow into the reference atmospheric pressure chamber 227 . Conversely, when the pressure of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 decreases, the heating medium of the reference atmospheric pressure chamber 227 may flow into the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 .

In addition, the apparatus for cooling the outer wall of the nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided in the energy transfer space 220 , and heats in the energy transfer space 220 to the outside of the second containment vessel 200 , the cooling vessel 300 . It may further include a second cooling passage 231 for discharging to.

One end 236 of the second cooling passage 231 may be connected to the inside of the cooling vessel 300 through a side surface of the second containment vessel 200 . The cooling water inside the cooling vessel 300 may be introduced into the second cooling passage 231 through one end 236 of the second cooling passage. The other end 238 of the second cooling passage 231 may be disposed at a higher position than the one end 236 of the second cooling passage. The other end 238 of the second cooling passage may pass through the upper side of the second containment vessel 200 and be connected to the inside of the cooling vessel 300 . The cooling water of the second cooling passage 231 may be discharged into the cooling vessel 300 through the other end 238 of the second cooling passage 231 .

A third heat exchanger 232 and a fourth heat exchanger 233 may be installed in the second cooling passage 231 . The third heat exchanger 232 may be disposed in the energy transfer space 220 . The third heat exchanger 232 may transfer the heat of the energy transfer space 220 to the cooling water of the second cooling passage 231 .

The fourth heat exchanger 233 may be disposed in the interior 222 of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 . The fourth heat exchanger 233 may transfer the heat of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 to the cooling water of the second cooling passage 231 . And, as the cooling water of the second cooling passage 231 is discharged to the outside of the second containment vessel 200 through the other end 238 of the second cooling passage, the second cooling passage 231 is formed in the energy transfer space 220 . ) can be cooled.

In addition, a steam release valve 138 may be installed in the first cooling passage 130 . The steam release valve 138 may discharge a heat absorption medium (eg, steam) flowing through the first cooling passage 130 into the energy release space 110 .

3 to 6 are views showing the operating state of the reactor containment outer wall cooling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Specifically, FIG. 3 is a view showing a pressurized state of the energy absorption space 210 of the apparatus for cooling the outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a nuclear reactor containment outer wall cooling according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a view showing the cooling state in the energy transfer space 220 of the device.

Referring to FIG. 3 , when the reactor is stopped, steam and non-condensed gas G1 are released into the energy release space 110 to increase the pressure of the energy release space 110 .

As the pressure of the energy emitting space 110 increases, steam and non-condensed gas G2 are released into the energy absorbing space 210 through the pressure equalization tube 214 and the pressure of the energy absorbing space 210 increases. .

3 and 4, when the pressure of the energy absorption space 210 increases, the heating medium W1 of the energy absorption space 210 is moved to the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 through the injection pipe 228, The water level is lowered from B1 to B2. Then, the heating medium W2 moved to the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 226 is moved to the energy transfer space 220 through the reference atmospheric pressure chamber 227 . As the heating medium W2 moves to the energy transmission space 220 , the water level of the heating medium W2 inside the energy transmission space 220 increases from C1 to C2 .

At this time, the heat of the reactor vessel 122 is transferred to the energy transfer space 220 through the first cooling passage 130 , and the heat in the energy transfer space 220 is transferred to the second cooling passage 231 through the second cooling passage 231 . The cooling water inside the cooling vessel 300 that is outside of the containment vessel 200 may be discharged.

On the other hand, when the water level of the heat medium W2 inside the energy transfer space 220 reaches C2, the injection pipe opening/closing valve 244 starts to open. When the injection tube opening/closing valve 244 is opened, the heat medium W3 of the lower space 224 in the energy transfer space 220 flows out into the energy release space 110 through the injection tube 242 .

FIG. 5 is a view showing a boiling occurrence state of cooling water in the apparatus for cooling the outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5 , since the cavity 301 formed in the upper portion of the cooling vessel 300 is in a low-temperature and low-pressure state, the cooling water near the outer wall of the second containment vessel 200 starts to boil at a temperature lower than the atmosphere. At this time, the generated steam is collected in the cavity 301 and transfers heat to the heat pipe 330 .

6 is a view showing a cooling state by the heat pipe 330 of the reactor containment outer wall cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 6 , the heat pipe 330 protruding outside the cooling vessel 300 transfers heat to the surrounding atmosphere. The atmosphere (G3), which has received heat, has a lower density than the surrounding atmosphere and rises to form a low pressure and introduces a low-temperature atmosphere above the sea level. That is, the heat pipe 330 is continuously cooled by air convection. Accordingly, the heated heat pipe 330 transfers heat to one end of the heat pipe 330 protruding outside the cooling vessel 300 to discharge heat to the outside of the cooling vessel 300 . At this time, the vapor that has transferred heat to the heat pipe 330 is again converted into liquid cooling water.

On the other hand, when heat is transferred to one end of the heat pipe 330 protruding outside the cooling vessel 300 and heat is released to the outside of the cooling vessel 300 , the other end of the heat pipe 330 immersed in the cooling water maintains a low temperature. Accordingly, the cooling water near the other end of the heat pipe 330 , ie, in the second region 303 , transfers heat to the other end of the heat pipe 330 and becomes low temperature, so that the density is relatively increased and descends to the lower portion of the cooling vessel 300 .

At this time, when the cooling water in the second region 303 descends, the low-temperature cooling water rises to the first space, and boiling again occurs in the outer wall of the second containment vessel, so that the outer wall of the second containment vessel 200 is repeatedly applied. Cool down.

As described above, the apparatus for cooling the outer wall of a nuclear reactor containment vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention forms the cavity 301 of low temperature and low pressure, so that after the cavity is initially formed, power such as a pump or separate operation or control of an operator is required It is possible to repeatedly cool the outer wall of the containment vessel 10 at a high temperature without it.

7 to 8 are views illustrating a step of forming a cavity 301 in the cooling vessel 300 of the reactor containment outer wall cooling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Specifically, FIG. 7 is a view showing a cooling water supply state of the reactor containment outer wall cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 7 , in order to form the cavity 301 , the first valve 311 is opened while the second valve 321 is closed to supply the cooling water to the cooling vessel 300 through the cooling water supply pipe 310 . do.

At this time, the cooling water supply pipe 310 may supply cooling water using a pump (not shown). Also, the cooling water may be seawater, and seawater from the outside of the cooling vessel 300 may be supplied into the cooling vessel 300 through the cooling water supply pipe 310 using a pump (not shown).

8 is a view showing a cavity 301 formation state of the reactor containment outer wall cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 8 , after sufficiently supplying cooling water to the inside of the cooling vessel 300 , the first valve 311 is closed to seal the upper space of the cooling vessel 300 . After that, when the second valve 321 is opened to allow fluid communication with seawater, a cavity 301 in a low-temperature and low-pressure state is formed at the upper end of the cooling vessel 300 .

As described above, preferred embodiments according to the present invention have been described, and the fact that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention in addition to the above-described embodiments is one of ordinary skill in the art. It is obvious to them. Therefore, the above-described embodiments are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive, and accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the above description, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

10: containment vessel 231: second cooling passage
100: first containment vessel 232: third heat exchanger
110: energy release space 233: fourth heat exchanger
122: reactor vessel 236: one end of the second cooling passage
124: nuclear reactor core 238: the other end of the second cooling passage
130: first cooling passage 242: injection pipe
132: first heat exchanger 244: injection pipe opening/closing valve
134: second heat exchanger 300: cooling vessel
138: steam release valve 301: cavity
200: second containment vessel 302: first area
201: containment partition wall 303: second area
210: energy absorption space 310: cooling water supply pipe
214: pressure equalization pipe 311: first valve
220: energy transfer space 320: coolant inlet pipe
222: inside the reference atmospheric pressure chamber 321: the second valve
226: saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 330: heat pipe
227: reference pressure chamber 340: dividing wall
228: injection pipe

Claims (13)

a containment vessel installed on the shore and in which the reactor vessel in which the reactor core is accommodated;
Cooling having an inner space sealed to surround at least a portion of the outer wall of the containment vessel, the inner space is accommodated so that the water level of the cooling water introduced from the outside is higher than the sea level, and the cooling water is provided with a cavity of lower temperature and lower pressure than the atmosphere in the upper portion of the cooling water Vessel;
a cooling water supply pipe having a first valve and supplying the cooling water into the cooling vessel; and
a cooling water inlet pipe having a second valve and formed below the sea level so that the cooling water inside the cooling vessel is in fluid communication with the sea water in the lower portion of the cooling vessel;
A reactor containment outer wall cooling device comprising a. The method of claim 1,
The containment vessel is a reactor containment vessel outer wall cooling device arranged to be submerged in the cooling water stored in the cooling vessel. The method of claim 1,
a heat pipe having one end protruding outside the cooling vessel and the other end being installed in the cooling vessel to be submerged in the cooling water stored in the inner space;
A reactor containment outer wall cooling device further comprising a. 4. The method of claim 3,
and a partition wall formed in a vertical direction between the heat pipe and the containment vessel,
The first region in which the heat pipe is located and the second region in which the containment vessel is located are connected to an upper portion and a lower portion of the separation wall to allow a fluid to flow therethrough. The method of claim 1,
The cooling water supply pipe is a reactor containment outer wall cooling device located on the upper side of the cooling vessel. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The containment vessel,
a first containment vessel located on the ground side; and
and a second containment container protruding from the ground in the seawater direction,
The reactor containment outer wall cooling device is formed so that the cooling vessel surrounds the outer wall of the second containment vessel. 7. The method of claim 6,
The first storage container,
The reactor vessel is accommodated and has an energy release space,
The second containment container,
an energy absorption space partitioned from the first containment vessel, the heating medium is accommodated, and the pressure of the energy release space is transmitted, and heat absorbed by absorbing and cooling the heat transferred from the reactor vessel located above the energy absorption space It has an energy transfer space that emits
a containment partition wall provided in the second containment vessel to partition the energy absorption space and the energy transfer space;
a pressure balance tube connecting the energy emitting space and the energy absorbing space to transfer the pressure of the energy emitting space to the energy absorbing space;
an injection pipe connecting the energy absorbing space and the energy transmitting space to flow the heating medium of the energy absorbing space pressurized by the pressure equalization pipe into the energy transmitting space; and
an injection tube connecting the energy transfer space and the energy release space and provided with an injection tube opening/closing valve to flow the heating medium into the lower part of the energy emission space when the injection tube opening/closing valve is opened;
A reactor containment outer wall cooling device comprising a. 8. The method of claim 7,
The reactor containment outer wall cooling apparatus further comprising a first cooling passage for transferring the heat of the reactor vessel to the energy transfer space. 9. The method of claim 8,
and a saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber disposed in the energy transfer space, accommodating the heating medium, and connected to the injection pipe. 10. The method of claim 9,
A reactor containment outer wall cooling device in which the water level of the heating medium of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber varies according to the pressure of the energy transfer space. 10. The method of claim 9,
The first cooling passage,
a first heat exchanger for absorbing heat from the reactor vessel;
and a second heat exchanger provided in the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber and configured to transfer heat absorbed from the first heat exchanger to the heating medium. 10. The method of claim 9,
and a second cooling passage disposed in the energy transfer space and configured to discharge heat of the energy transfer space to the cooling vessel outside the second containment vessel. 13. The method of claim 12,
The second cooling passage,
a third heat exchanger disposed in the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber and absorbing heat from the heating medium; and
and a fourth heat exchanger disposed in the energy transfer space and configured to absorb heat in the energy transfer space.

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