KR102352037B1 - Passive Colling System for Nuclear Reactor having Preventing Part for Over Pressure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a passive cooling structure of a nuclear reactor capable of preventing premature exhaustion of coolant due to overpressure caused by overheating. The space part and the energy emitting space part are partitioned and the cooling water is accommodated, the energy absorbing space part to which the pressure of the energy emitting space part is transmitted, is provided above the energy absorbing space part, and absorbs the heat transferred from the reactor vessel. An energy transfer space for cooling and discharging the absorbed heat to the outside, a pressure balance tube communicating the energy release space with the energy absorbing space so as to transfer the pressure of the energy emitting space to the energy absorbing space, and the energy release space Disclosed is a passive cooling structure for a nuclear reactor including an overpressure preventing unit for reducing the pressure of air discharged from the energy emitting space to the energy absorbing space through the pressure balancing tube when the temperature of the unit is overheated.

Description

Passive Colling System for Nuclear Reactor having Preventing Part for Over Pressure

The present invention relates to a passive cooling structure of a nuclear reactor, and more particularly, to a passive cooling structure of a nuclear reactor capable of preventing premature exhaustion of cooling water due to overpressure caused by overheating.

Nuclear power generation is a method of generating electrical energy by operating a turbine using the energy generated during nuclear fission. It does not generate carbon dioxide during the power generation process, and it can produce a large amount of electricity with a small amount of fuel. .

Such nuclear power generation requires cooling due to the generation of enormous heat. In general nuclear power generation, as shown in FIG. 1 , the enormous thermal energy generated by the nuclear fission of the reactor core 20 in the reactor vessel 10 is generated in the reactor vessel ( 10) is transferred to the coolant, and the coolant is circulated back into the reactor vessel 10 after exchanging heat in the heat exchanger 30 . In addition, the water in the drive system 50 is circulated as a path independent of the coolant, and the heat exchanger 30 generates steam in the drive system 50 as heat absorbed from the coolant, and through this, the turbine 52 After being turned into electric energy by the generator 54, it is condensed back into water and circulated to the heat exchanger 30.

These reactors generate enormous thermal energy, and the heat of these reactors is normally cooled properly, but if the heat of the reactor is not properly cooled due to unexpected accidents, a large-scale accident that destroys the reactor facility itself may occur. In addition to the loss of the facility, this can lead to a very dangerous situation that can cause radioactive contamination of the surrounding environment.

Therefore, various safety systems for cooling the nuclear reactor in an emergency situation are essential. These safety systems are provided in the form of supplementing the coolant supply to each part of the nuclear reactor and discharging the recovered heat to the outside through the heat sink by circulating the coolant appropriately.

Such a heat sink is made in the form of a heat exchanger for discharging only heat without leakage of an internal coolant, and such a heat exchanger can release heat by exchanging heat by submerging it in water such as seawater or river.

This type of heat exchanger immersed in refrigerant (water) is called pool boiling. In this full-boiling type of heat exchange, the heat transfer rate is not satisfactory, so the rate of heat dissipation is higher than the rate at which the reactor generates heat. It may be slow, and accordingly, there is a problem in that the entire equipment must be large.

In addition, existing nuclear reactors are operated by the operation of the operator according to the manual in case of an emergency. In the event of a large accident, the operator may also be injured or killed, or the absence of an operator to operate by evacuation may occur, and the manual is too complicated. There is a problem in that it is difficult to understand and when an emergency situation occurs, a situation in which an accident cannot be blocked due to an operation mistake of an operator may occur.

To this end, a passive cooling system is being developed that cools the nuclear reactor using the heat and pressure generated by overheating without the need for an operator's operation. , there was a problem in that the coolant is exhausted prematurely when overpressure occurs due to overheating.

KR 10-1731817 B1

The present invention is to solve the above problems, and it is an object to provide a passive cooling structure for a nuclear reactor provided with an overpressure prevention unit capable of solving the problem of early exhaustion of cooling water due to overheating of the reactor vessel.

The problems of the present invention are not limited to the problems mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

In order to solve the above problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, an energy emitting space in which a reactor vessel in which a nuclear reactor core is accommodated is accommodated, a cooling water is accommodated while being partitioned from the energy emitting space, and the pressure of the energy emitting space is The energy absorbing space to be transferred, the energy absorbing space provided on the upper side of the energy absorbing space, absorbing the heat transferred from the reactor vessel to cool it, and the energy transferring space emitting the absorbed heat to the outside, the pressure of the energy emitting space A pressure balancing tube communicating the energy emitting space and the energy absorbing space so as to transmit the energy to the energy absorbing space, when the temperature of the energy emitting space is overheated, the energy absorbing space from the energy emitting space through the pressure equalizing tube Disclosed is a passive cooling structure of a nuclear reactor including an overpressure prevention unit for reducing the pressure of air discharged to the reactor.

The overpressure preventing unit may be provided to lower the pressure by cooling the air discharged to the energy absorbing space through the pressure balancing tube when the temperature of the energy discharging space is overheated.

The overpressure prevention unit discharges air discharged from the energy emitting space above the cooling water in the energy absorbing space when the temperature of the energy emitting space is normal, and when the energy emitting space is overheated, the energy emitting space By discharging the air discharged from the cooling water directly into the cooling water, the discharged air can be cooled by the cooling water to reduce the pressure.

The overpressure prevention part is provided in the pressure equalizing pipe, and is provided in the flow path switching valve and the flow path switching valve for switching the discharge path when the low pressure and the high pressure are applied according to the applied pressure. A discharge pipe, which is provided in the flow path switching valve, may include a high-pressure discharge pipe through which high-pressure air is discharged.

The low-pressure discharge pipe may be provided to discharge air to the upper side of the cooling water surface of the energy absorbing space, and the high-pressure discharge pipe may be provided with an end submerged in the cooling water to directly discharge air into the cooling water of the energy absorbing space.

The flow path switching valve is provided in a valve housing forming an internal space, the valve housing, a pressure inlet through which the air of the pressure equalization tube flows, and is located in the inner space of the valve housing, and is moved to one side and the other side by pressure. A piston that moves and has a bypass hole through which low-pressure air flows, the low-pressure outlet provided in the valve housing, the low-pressure air introduced into the valve housing and the low-pressure air passing through the piston through the bypass hole of the piston is discharged; A high-pressure outlet provided in the valve housing, formed at a position opened when the piston is moved by the high-pressure air introduced by the pressure inlet, and through which the high-pressure air introduced into the valve housing is discharged, and the piston elastically supporting the piston It may include an elastic body.

It may further include a sealing member for closing the low-pressure outlet when the piston is moved by the high-pressure air introduced from the pressure inlet.

The sealing member may be provided on a side facing the low pressure outlet of the piston to close the low pressure outlet when the piston is moved toward the low pressure outlet.

Alternatively, the sealing member may be provided to protrude from the low pressure outlet inside the valve housing toward the piston, and to close the bypass hole when the piston moves toward the low pressure outlet.

The discharge end of the high-pressure discharge pipe may be branched to form a plurality of discharge ends.

A bubble forming unit for discharging air discharged in the form of bubbles may be provided at the discharge end of the high-pressure discharge pipe.

The pressure at which the discharge path of the air is switched to the high-pressure discharge pipe in the flow path switching valve may be a pressure formed when the temperature of the energy discharging space is in an overheated state.

A coolant injection pipe for flowing the cooling water of the energy absorbing space pressurized by the pressure equalization pipe to the energy transmitting space may be added.

It may further include a first cooling passage for transferring heat from the reactor vessel to the energy transfer space and a second cooling passage for discharging heat from the energy transfer space to the outside.

According to the passive cooling structure of a nuclear reactor equipped with an overpressure prevention unit of the present invention, even if the reactor vessel is overheated and overpressure is generated, the expanded air is cooled by the coolant and its volume is reduced, so that the overpressure state can be seawater, There is an effect that can prevent the problem of premature exhaustion of the coolant pumped by pressure.

Effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

The summary set forth above as well as the detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present application set forth below may be better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there are shown in the drawings preferred embodiments. It should be understood, however, that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional nuclear reactor;
Figure 2 is a view showing an operation before or initial state of the passive infinite cooling structure of the nuclear reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
3 is a view showing a state during operation of the passive infinite cooling structure of the nuclear reactor of FIG. 2;
4 is a view showing a state in which water sprayed from the coolant injection pipe 228 is evaporated in the second heat exchanger and then condensed in the third heat exchanger due to the abnormal flow heat transfer phenomenon;
FIG. 5 is a view showing a state when the passive infinite cooling structure of the nuclear reactor of FIG. 3 is further heated;
6 is a cross-sectional view showing the flow path switching valve when the pressure of the incoming air is low;
7 is a cross-sectional view showing the flow path switching valve when the pressure of the incoming air is high;
8 is a cross-sectional view showing another form of the flow path switching valve;
9 is a view showing a bubble forming unit.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention in which the object of the present invention can be specifically realized will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In describing the present embodiment, the same names and the same reference numerals are used for the same components, and an additional description thereof will be omitted.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the passive cooling structure of the nuclear reactor of the present invention will be described.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the passive infinite cooling structure of the nuclear reactor according to the present embodiment may include an energy emitting space 110 , an energy absorbing space 210 , and an energy transfer space 220 .

The energy release space (110) (Energy Release Space, ERS) is accommodated in the nuclear reactor drive system (120). The reactor driving system 120 generates steam using the heat generated in the reactor vessel 122 and the reactor core 124 in which the reactor core 124 is accommodated, and the generated steam is transferred to an external turbine 253 . In order to circulate, a steam generator and a flow path provided in the reactor vessel 122 may be included.

The energy absorbing space 210 (Energy Absorbing Space, EAS) accommodates a coolant, is partitioned from the energy emitting space 110 , and communicates with the energy emitting space 110 from an upper side thereof to release the energy It may be provided so that the pressure of the space part 110 is transmitted to the energy absorption space part 210 . In this case, several types of the coolant may be applied, and representatively, water may be used.

The energy transfer space 220 (Energy Transfer Space, ETS) is isolated from the energy emitting space 110 and the energy absorbing space 210, in particular, provided on the upper side of the energy absorbing space 210 It is provided to absorb heat generated in the reactor vessel 122 of the energy emitting space 110 to cool it, and to transfer the absorbed heat to the outside to dissipate heat. Such heat dissipation may be made through the outer wall of the second space 200 .

At this time, the energy emitting space 110 may be provided in the first space 100 , and the energy absorption space 210 and the energy transfer space 220 may be provided in the second space 200 . There is. The first space 100 and the second space 200 are partitioned from each other, and an outer wall thereof may be formed of concrete or metal to have explosion resistance.

In addition, the first space part 100 is installed on land (L) such as underground or on the ground, and the second space part 200 is installed in water, such as the sea (S) or river, or installed in contact with water. can be Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the second space 200 may also be provided to receive water required for cooling from a place while being installed on land. In addition, it may be installed in various places, such as being installed in a transportation means such as a ship other than the land.

At this time, the energy transfer space 220 is installed to be in contact with the outer wall of the second space 200 , heat absorbed through heat transfer is transferred to the water outside of the second space 200 to dissipate heat. It may be provided to do so.

Meanwhile, a first cooling passage 130 may be provided. The first cooling passage 130 is a component that transfers heat from the reactor vessel 122 to the energy transfer space 220 , and a first heat exchanger 132 that absorbs heat from the reactor vessel 122 . ) and a second heat exchanger 134 for dissipating the absorbed heat, and a heat absorption medium flowing through the first heat exchanger 132 and the second heat exchanger 134 with the first heat exchanger 132 and the reactor vessel. tubing 136 guiding circulation into 122 . In this case, the first heat exchanger 132 may be located in the reactor vessel 122 . At this time, the heat absorbing medium may be a material of various components, but may typically be water.

In this case, the first heat exchanger 132 of the first cooling passage 130 may be a steam generator of the aforementioned reactor driving system 120 or may be a separate component from the steam generator. That is, when the first heat exchanger 132 is a steam generator of the nuclear reactor drive system 120 , the pipe 136 of the first cooling flow path 130 is located at any point in the flow path pipe of the nuclear reactor drive system 120 . It may be provided to branch or join in.

In addition, the energy emitting space 110 and the energy absorbing space 210 may communicate with each other so that pressure is transmitted. To this end, a pressure balancing pipe 214 that transmits the pressure of the energy emitting space 110 to the energy absorbing space 210 spans the first space 100 and the second space 200 . can be formed.

At this time, the end of the second space 200 side of the pressure equalization tube 214 may be located in the energy absorption space 210 . In addition, the pressure equalization pipe 214 may be bent in an inverted U shape so that the cooling water of the energy absorption space 210 does not flow back into the first space 100 through the pressure equalization pipe 214 . have.

Accordingly, when the pressure of the energy emitting space 110 is increased by the pressure equalizing tube 214 , the increased pressure may be transmitted to the energy absorbing space 210 . That is, when the reactor vessel 122 is overheated and the temperature of the energy emitting space unit 110 rises, the pressure also rises due to the elevated temperature, and the elevated pressure is applied to the energy absorption space by the pressure balance tube 214 . The cooling water transferred to the unit 210 and accommodated in the energy absorption space unit 210 may be pressurized.

In addition, a coolant injection pipe 228 may be provided. The coolant injection pipe 228 may be provided to guide the cooling water of the energy absorption space 210 pressurized by the pressure equalization pipe 214 to the energy transfer space 220 .

Meanwhile, the energy transfer space 220 may include a saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 and a reference atmospheric pressure chamber 224 .

The saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 is formed to be connected to the inner side of the outer wall of the second space 200 , and cooling water may be accommodated therein. In addition, the second heat exchanger 134 of the first cooling passage 130 is located inside, and the injection side end of the coolant injection pipe 228 is provided to spray cooling water to the second heat exchanger 134 . can be

In addition, the reference atmospheric pressure chamber 224 is provided below the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 and communicates with the lower side of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 at the lower side thereof, Air is filled to balance the pressure with the cooling water, and airtightness can be achieved so that the inside air does not leak to the outside. That is, the pressure of the air inside the reference atmospheric pressure chamber 224 supports the cooling water of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 .

Accordingly, when the pressure of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 is increased, the cooling water flows into the reference atmospheric pressure chamber 224, and when the pressure of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 is decreased, the cooling water of the reference atmospheric pressure chamber 224 is decreased. The water level may change according to the pressure in the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 , such as being pushed into the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 .

In addition, the energy transfer space 220 may include a reference pressure partition wall 226 . The reference atmospheric pressure partition barrier 226 divides the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 and the reference atmospheric pressure chamber 224, and the saturated vapor pressure is located below the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 and the reference atmospheric pressure chamber 224. The cooling chamber 222 may be provided to communicate with the reference atmospheric pressure chamber 224 .

On the other hand, the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 may be formed at a height as high as possible so that a cavity due to atmospheric pressure is not generated at the upper end thereof when the cooling water is filled therein. Accordingly, the pressure in the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 forms a lower pressure than atmospheric pressure, and when the temperature of the cooling water in the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 increases, it can be more easily vaporized at the upper end thereof.

In addition, the second heat exchanger 134 of the first cooling passage 130 may be provided adjacent to the upper end of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 . Accordingly, the cooling water of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 heated by the second heat exchanger 134 of the first cooling passage 130 can be easily vaporized at the upper end of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 . .

In addition, a second cooling passage 230 may be provided.

The second cooling passage 230 is provided in the energy transfer space 220 , and is capable of discharging the heat in the energy transfer space 220 to seawater, river water or the atmosphere outside of the second space 200 . can Seawater in the present embodiment may mean including seawater as well as fresh water such as river water.

The second cooling passage 230 may include a third heat exchanger 232 for re-absorbing heat absorbed from the coolant sprayed from the coolant injection pipe 228 to the second heat exchanger 134 .

The second heat exchanger 134 , the coolant injection pipe 228 , and the third heat exchanger 232 may be provided in the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 .

As described above, the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 is usually filled with cooling water therein, but when the temperature of the cooling water increases, as shown in FIG. 3 , the upper side of the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 . A cavity is formed by vaporizing from the stage, and accordingly, the second heat exchanger 134 , the coolant injection pipe 228 , and the third heat exchanger 232 may be exposed to the cavity. At this time, the cavity around the second heat exchanger, the coolant injection pipe 228 and the third heat exchanger 232 may be in a saturated vapor pressure state.

At this time, as shown in FIG. 4 , when cooling water is sprayed in a dropwise state from the coolant injection pipe 228 to the second heat exchanger 134 , the injected cooling water is transferred to the second heat exchanger 134 . ) absorbs heat and evaporates to water vapor. This water vapor may be cooled by taking heat from the nearby third heat exchanger 232 and condensed into water again.

Accordingly, heat is absorbed or released through the heat of vaporization in which water is vaporized and heat of condensation in which vaporized water vapor is condensed into water. This heat transfer phenomenon by vaporization and condensation of cooling water is called a two-phase heat transfer mechanism.

This ideal flow heat transfer method is evaluated to be about 20 times or more superior in heat transfer rate compared to the above-described pool-boiling method.

In addition, the second cooling passage 230 may further include a fourth heat exchanger 234 . The fourth heat exchanger 234 is provided in the energy absorbing space 210 and may be provided to cool the cooling water in the energy absorbing space 210 .

Accordingly, the second cooling passage 230 may cool the cooling water of the energy absorbing space 210 as well as cooling the energy transfer space 220 .

In this case, the third heat exchanger 232 may be provided on the upper side, and the fourth heat exchanger 234 may be provided on the lower side of the third heat exchanger 232 relatively.

Since more heat is absorbed by the third heat exchanger 232, water naturally flows from the fourth heat exchanger 234 to the upper third heat exchanger 232 side, and accordingly, the fourth heat exchanger 234 ) water is introduced from the lower side, and the water heated by absorbing heat may be discharged to the upper side of the third heat exchanger 232 .

Both ends of the second cooling passage 230 , that is, an inlet end 236 and an outlet 238 of water may communicate with water outside of the second space 200 . Therefore, it is possible to circulate the water in the second cooling passage 230 by natural convection without a need for a separate pump or the like. In this case, the inlet end 236 may be provided at the lower side of the fourth heat exchanger 234 , and the outlet end 238 may be provided at the upper side of the third heat exchanger 232 .

In addition, a coolant injection pipe 242 and an injection pipe opening/closing valve 244 may be provided.

The coolant injection pipe 242 is formed through the first space 100 and the second space 200 to introduce the coolant of the reference pressure chamber 224 into the energy release space 110 . It may be piping. In addition, the injection pipe opening/closing valve 244 may be provided to selectively open and close the coolant injection pipe 242 .

The injection pipe opening/closing valve 244 is normally closed, but the temperature or pressure of the reactor vessel 122 or the energy emitting space 110 has risen excessively, or the coolant level of the reference pressure chamber 224 is It may be opened when a cavity is not formed in the saturated vapor pressure cooling chamber 222 because is too high.

When the injection pipe opening/closing valve 244 is opened, the coolant in the reference pressure chamber 224 flows into the energy release space 110 , and as shown in FIG. 5 , the The lower part of the reactor vessel 122 may be cooled by being submerged in the cooling water.

The injection pipe opening/closing valve 244 may be closed again after a predetermined flow rate flows. Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be opened when the pressure applied to the injection pipe opening/closing valve 244 increases by more than a preset pressure, and may be closed when the preset pressure is not reached. In addition, the injection pipe opening/closing valve 244 may be provided to open when the temperature of the energy release space unit 110 is higher than a preset temperature, and to close when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 2 , a circulation inlet valve 126 may be provided at any place below the reactor vessel 122 . Cooling water flowing into the energy release space 110 through the circulation inlet valve 126 may flow into the reactor vessel 122 to directly cool the core 124 .

In addition, a circulation discharge valve 128 is provided on the upper side of the reactor vessel 122 so that the cooling water vaporized by the heat of the core 124 may be discharged to the energy discharge space 110 .

On the other hand, the first cooling passage 130 selectively discharges water vapor in the first cooling passage 130 into the energy release space 110 to increase the pressure of the energy release space 110 . It may further include a steam release valve (138). Accordingly, the time point at which the pressure of the energy emitting space unit 110 rises may be artificially adjusted. For example, when cooling due to abnormal flow heat transfer is required before the pressure of the energy emitting space 110 rises, the steam release valve 138 is opened to directly reduce the pressure of the energy emitting space 110 . By pressurizing to the above, it is possible to circulate the cooling by the above-described abnormal flow heat transfer phenomenon.

In addition, as described above, the inlet end 236 and the outlet end 238 of the second cooling passage 230 are formed to be opened to the outside of the second space 200 , and thus the second space 200 . ) can communicate with the external water. In this case, the inlet end 236 may be provided below the outlet unit 238 . Accordingly, the seawater heated in the third heat exchanger 232 is discharged to the outlet means 238 by convection phenomenon, and accordingly, cold external seawater may be introduced into the inlet end 236 .

On the other hand, as described above, when the temperature of the reactor vessel 122 is overheated, the temperature of the energy emitting space 110 is also overheated, and thereby the pressure of the energy emitting space 110 may also be increased.

The pressure of the energy emitting space 110 may be transferred to the energy absorbing space 210 by the pressure equalization tube 214 . That is, the air in the energy emitting space 110 expanded by overheating moves to the energy absorbing space 210 by the pressure equalization tube 214 to increase the pressure of the energy absorbing space 210 . can

As the pressure of the energy absorbing space 210 rises, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 , the cooling water C of the energy absorbing space 210 is energized by the coolant injection pipe 228 . It may be raised to the delivery space 220 and sprayed.

However, when the reactor vessel 122 is overheated excessively and the pressure of the energy emitting space 110 rises sharply, the increased pressure causes the cooling water C of the energy absorbing space 210 to become more than necessary. By pressurizing, the cooling water C of the energy absorbing space 210 can be consumed early.

To prevent this, an overpressure prevention unit 300 may be provided.

The overpressure prevention unit 300 is discharged from the energy discharge space 110 to the energy absorption space 210 through the pressure balance tube 214 when the temperature of the energy discharge space 110 is overheated. It is a component that reduces the air pressure. At this time, the air flowing through the pressure equalization pipe 214 may include water vapor.

The overpressure prevention unit 300 lowers the pressure by cooling the air discharged to the energy absorbing space 210 through the pressure equalization tube 214 when the temperature of the energy emitting space 110 is overheated. may be provided.

In general, when the temperature of air is increased, the volume and pressure are increased, and when the temperature is decreased, the volume and pressure can be decreased. In addition, in the case of water vapor, the difference in volume between the gaseous state and the liquid state is significantly different, and the gaseous volume may be significantly larger than that of water.

Therefore, when the superheated air and water vapor discharged to the energy absorbing space 210 are cooled, the volume and pressure are reduced, so that the pressure of the energy absorbing space 210 is lowered so that the cooling water C is transferred to the energy transfer space ( 220) can reduce the amount of pumping pumped.

To this end, the overpressure prevention unit 300 is configured to convert the air discharged from the energy discharge space 110 to the cooling water ( C) can be discharged to the upper side. This is because there is no need to cool the air discharged through the pressure equalization tube 214 if the temperature of the energy discharging space 110 is normal.

However, when the energy emitting space 110 is overheated, it is necessary to cool the air discharged through the pressure balancing tube 214 , so the energy emitting space 110 through the pressure balancing tube 214 . ) to directly discharge the superheated air discharged from the energy absorption space 210 into the cooling water (C), so that the discharged air is cooled by the cooling water (C) while in contact with the cooling water (C) to achieve reduced pressure. can

To this end, the overpressure prevention unit 300 may include a flow path switching valve 310 , a low pressure discharge pipe 340 , and a high pressure discharge pipe 350 as shown in FIGS. 2 to 3 and 5 .

The flow path switching valve 310 is provided in the pressure equalization pipe 214, and when the pressure applied through the pressure equalization pipe 214 is low pressure, it discharges air to the low pressure discharge pipe 340, and when the pressure is high, the high pressure It may be provided to switch the discharge path to discharge the air to the discharge pipe (350).

At this time, the low pressure discharge pipe 340 is provided to discharge air to the upper side of the water surface of the cooling water C of the energy absorption space 210 , and the high pressure discharge pipe 350 is connected to the energy absorption space 210 of the The discharge end may be provided to be submerged in the cooling water (C) so as to directly discharge the air into the cooling water (C). Of course, the low-pressure discharge pipe 340 may also be provided so that the discharge end is submerged in the cooling water (C) if necessary.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the flow path switching valve 310 includes a valve housing 312, a pressure inlet 314, a piston 320, a low pressure outlet 316, a high pressure outlet 318, and an elastic body ( 324) may be included.

The valve housing 312 is a component that forms an inner space while forming an exterior, and is coupled to the pressure equalizing tube 214 on one side and a pressure inlet through which the air of the pressure equalizing tube 214 flows into the inner space ( 314) may be formed.

In addition, the piston 320 may be provided in the inner space of the valve housing 312 to be moved by the pressure of the air flowing in from the pressure equalization tube 214 . That is, it is provided to be pushed to one side by pressure, and the piston 320 is elastically supported by an elastic body 324 such as a spring.

That is, when the pressure is applied, the pressure to be moved to one side is also applied to the piston 320 . At this time, since the elastic body 324 supports the piston 320 , the piston 320 may be moved when a pressure greater than the supporting force of the elastic body 324 is applied.

In addition, the low pressure outlet 316 may be formed on a side of the valve housing 312 on which the piston 320 is moved by pressure. At this time, the low pressure outlet 316 may be formed at a position deviated from the movement path through which the piston 320 is moved by pressure. That is, even if the piston 320 moves to the end, it may be formed at a position that does not pass through the low pressure outlet 316 .

In addition, the high pressure outlet 318 is provided on the path through which the piston 320 moves to the pressure, and the pressure inlet 314 through the inner space of the valve housing 312 due to the piston 320 being moved. ) may be formed at a position in communication with.

In addition, the high-pressure outlet 318 may be formed at a position closed by the piston 320 in the initial state in which the piston 320 does not move by pressure.

In addition, a bypass hole 322 passing through the piston 320 may be formed in the piston 320 so that the low pressure air flows toward the low pressure outlet 316 .

And, when the piston 320 is moved to the end by the high-pressure air introduced from the pressure inlet 314 , a sealing member for closing the low pressure outlet 316 may be provided in the piston 320 .

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 8, when the piston 320 is moved to the end by the high-pressure air introduced from the pressure inlet 314 instead of the sealing member 326, the bypass hole 322 is closed. A bypass hole sealing member 328 may be provided inside the inner space of the valve housing 312 .

That is, when low pressure air is introduced from the pressure inlet 314 , the piston 320 is not moved because it is supported by the elastic force of the elastic body 324 , and the introduced low pressure air passes through the bypass hole 322 . through the low pressure outlet 316 .

In addition, when high-pressure air is introduced from the pressure inlet 314 and the pressure applied to the piston 320 becomes greater than the supporting force of the elastic body 324 , the piston 320 is pushed to one side and moved to the high-pressure outlet 318 is opened, and since the sealing member 326 of the piston 320 closes the low-pressure outlet 316 , the introduced high-temperature and high-pressure air can be discharged through the high-pressure outlet 318 .

At this time, the pressure at which the discharge path of the air is switched from the flow path switching valve 310 to the high-pressure discharge pipe 350 is the pressure formed when the temperature of the energy discharge space 110 is in an overheated state such that the elastic body ( The elastic force of the 324 and the diameter of the bypass hole 322 may be adjusted.

In addition, the low pressure outlet 316 may be coupled to the low pressure discharge pipe 340 , and the high pressure outlet 318 may be coupled to the high pressure discharge pipe 350 .

Therefore, the low-temperature and low-pressure air is discharged to the upper side of the cooling water C of the energy absorption space 210 through the low-pressure discharge pipe 340, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air is discharged through the high-pressure discharge pipe 350 to the cooling water (C). can be emitted directly into

Therefore, the high-temperature and high-pressure air directly discharged to the cooling water C through the high-pressure discharge pipe 350 is cooled while in contact with the cooling water C. In particular, since water vapor contained in the air can be liquefied, its volume is reduced Since it is significantly reduced, the amount of pressure increased in the energy absorbing space 210 may be reduced.

At this time, since the high-temperature and high-pressure air discharged through the high-pressure discharge pipe 350 has a large volume, a plurality of discharge ends of the high-pressure discharge pipe 350 may be branched for smooth discharge.

In addition, since the cooling efficiency of the high-temperature and high-pressure air discharged from the high-pressure discharge pipe 350 increases as the contact area with the cooling water C increases, in order to maximize the contact surface area with the cooling water C, as shown in FIG. A bubble forming unit 352 having a plurality of holes having a falling diameter to discharge the air discharged together in the form of bubbles (B) may be provided.

As described above, preferred embodiments according to the present invention have been reviewed, and the fact that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention in addition to the above-described embodiments is one of ordinary skill in the art. It is obvious to them. Therefore, the above-described embodiments are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive, and accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the above description, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

100: first space part 110: energy emitting space part
120: reactor drive system 122: reactor vessel
124: core 130: first cooling flow path
132: first heat exchanger 134: second heat exchanger
136: pipe 138: steam release valve
200: second space 210: energy absorption space
220: energy transfer space 222: saturated vapor pressure chamber
224: reference atmospheric pressure chamber 226: reference atmospheric pressure partition bulkhead
228: coolant injection pipe 230: second cooling flow path
212: third heat exchanger 214: pressure equalization tube
234: fourth heat exchanger 236: inlet end
238: outlet means 242: coolant injection pipe
244: injection pipe on/off valve 300: overpressure prevention part
310: flow changeover valve 312: valve housing
314: pressure inlet 316: low pressure outlet
318: high pressure outlet 320: piston
322: bypass hole 324: elastic body
326, 328: sealing member 340: low pressure discharge pipe
350: high pressure discharge pipe 352: bubble forming part

Claims (14)

an energy emitting space in which the reactor vessel in which the nuclear reactor core is accommodated;
an energy absorbing space in which cooling water is received while being partitioned from the energy emitting space and to which the pressure of the energy emitting space is transmitted;
an energy transfer space provided above the energy absorbing space, absorbing and cooling the heat transferred from the reactor vessel, and emitting the absorbed heat to the outside;
a pressure balancing tube communicating the energy emitting space and the energy absorbing space so as to transmit the pressure of the energy emitting space to the energy absorbing space;
When the temperature of the energy emitting space is normal, the air discharged from the energy emitting space is discharged to the upper side of the cooling water in the energy absorbing space, and when the temperature of the energy emitting space is overheated, the air discharged from the energy emitting space is an overpressure prevention unit for directly discharging the air discharged from the energy discharging space into the energy absorbing space into the cooling water so that the discharged air is cooled by the cooling water and reduced in pressure;
A passive cooling structure of a nuclear reactor comprising a. delete delete According to claim 1,
The overpressure prevention unit,
a flow path switching valve provided in the pressure balancing pipe and switching the discharge path between low pressure and high pressure according to the applied pressure;
a low pressure discharge pipe provided in the flow path switching valve and through which low pressure air is discharged;
a high-pressure discharge pipe provided in the flow path switching valve and through which high-pressure air is discharged;
A passive cooling structure of a nuclear reactor comprising a. 5. The method of claim 4,
The low pressure discharge pipe is provided to discharge air to the upper side of the cooling water surface of the energy absorption space,
The high-pressure discharge pipe is a wave infinite cooling structure of a nuclear reactor provided so as to directly discharge air into the cooling water of the energy absorbing space, the end of which is immersed in the cooling water. 5. The method of claim 4,
The flow path selector valve,
a valve housing defining an interior space;
a pressure inlet provided in the valve housing and through which the air of the pressure equalization tube is introduced;
a piston located in the inner space of the valve housing, moving to one side and the other side by pressure, and having a bypass hole through which air of low pressure flows;
a low pressure outlet provided in the valve housing and introduced into the valve housing through which the low pressure air that has passed through the piston through the bypass hole is discharged;
a high-pressure outlet provided in the valve housing and formed at a position opened when the piston is moved by the high-pressure air introduced through the pressure inlet and through which the high-pressure air introduced into the valve housing is discharged;
an elastic body elastically supporting the piston;
A passive cooling structure of a nuclear reactor comprising a. 7. The method of claim 6,
The passive cooling structure of a nuclear reactor further comprising a sealing member for closing the low-pressure outlet when the piston is moved by the high-pressure air introduced from the pressure inlet. 8. The method of claim 7,
The sealing member is provided on a side facing the low pressure outlet of the piston, and when the piston is moved to the low pressure outlet side, the passive cooling structure of the nuclear reactor is provided to close the low pressure outlet. 8. The method of claim 7,
The sealing member is provided to protrude from the low pressure outlet inside the valve housing toward the piston, and is provided to close the bypass hole when the piston is moved to the low pressure outlet side. 5. The method of claim 4,
The exhaust end of the high-pressure discharge pipe is branched to form a plurality of discharge ends, the passive cooling structure of the nuclear reactor. 5. The method of claim 4,
A passive cooling structure of a nuclear reactor provided with a bubble forming unit for discharging air discharged in the form of bubbles at the discharge end of the high-pressure discharge pipe. 5. The method of claim 4,
The pressure at which the discharge path of the air is switched from the flow path switching valve to the high-pressure discharge pipe is a pressure formed when the temperature of the energy discharging space is in an overheated state. According to claim 1,
The passive cooling structure of a nuclear reactor further comprising a coolant injection pipe for flowing the cooling water of the energy absorption space portion pressurized by the pressure equalization tube to the energy transfer space portion. According to claim 1,
a first cooling passage for transferring the heat of the reactor vessel to the energy transfer space;
a second cooling passage for discharging heat from the energy transfer space to the outside;
The passive cooling structure of the nuclear reactor further comprising a.

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