KR20210101293A - Water-Based Metal Colloidal Burning Additives - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a combustion additive constituting a colloidal aqueous solution including dispersed fine metal particles (110). The present invention also describes a method for producing colloids. In particular, the present invention relates to combustion additives with colloids, the colloids being composed of metal particles providing an alkaline aqueous solution, the metal particles being dispersed in this solution, the average diameter being between 30 nm and 30 μm. Colloids can partially/completely replace water in water injection systems or be used as air humidifying components for combustion.

Description

Water-Based Metal Colloidal Burning Additives

The present invention relates to a combustion additive composed of colloids and a process for the preparation of the same material. In particular, the present invention relates to combustion additives which can be provided in the form of fuel additives added to fuels or as a full/partial replacement of water for application in water injection systems during combustion or in air humidification methods for combustion. The present invention also relates to a method and apparatus for introducing a colloidal solution as an additive into the combustion cycle to improve the efficiency of an engine using the additive.

Metal additives such as aluminum have been used in solid form for many years as a way to improve combustion performance because they can increase the volumetric heat release of a propellant. Fine and microparticles of aluminum, boron and zinc have also been investigated as potential fuel additives. Cerium oxide (eg EP1587898A1) is known to act as an oxygen storage agent in diesel exhaust catalysts.

In addition to aluminum and cerium oxide, it is known that adding various types of fine metal particles to fuel can help decompose unburned hydrocarbons and soot, thereby reducing the amount of pollutants emitted from the exhaust and reducing fuel consumption. For example, US2006/0141149A1 describes the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, WO2013/177512A1 (US2013/337998A1) describes iron oxide nanoparticles for fuel additives, and WO2011/406790A1 describes titanium oxide nanoparticles for fuel additives. Explain.

However, metals in fuel additives can accumulate in the combustion system and adversely affect the combustion process. Currently, the environmental safety of metal nanoparticles is being questioned. Therefore, unlike the example above, which contains a large amount of nanoparticles, there is a need for a fuel additive that can actively operate in the combustion cycle without adversely affecting the environmental impact as the fuel does not contain more than 1 mg/L of nanoparticles. do.

In the past, water injection or a mixture of water and ethanol/methanol injection was attempted to improve engine performance. Gasoline engines mainly show that the octane level is improved with this technology, and the anti-knock effect and the power increase effect are improved. Diesel engines mainly showed the effect of reducing combustion temperature with this technology, which helped to reduce _{nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions.}

However, it is also known that performing water injection can, at the same time as this effect, generally increase carbon monoxide emissions and reduce fuel economy unless correctly optimized. Droplet size control is an important element of this technique, as large water droplet sizes can prevent uniform air-fuel mixing in the combustion chamber.

WO2015/003678A1, presented as prior art, describes a method for operating an internal combustion engine, turbine or jet engine and a method for introducing a fuel additive into the air passage of an internal combustion engine, turbine or jet engine. In this method, additives are transferred from a liquid to a droplet and are introduced into the fuel through air channels during the actual use of the fuel in the combustion process. As a result of delivering the droplet form of the additive directly into the air passage, it is possible to effectively control the dosage in the parts per million (ppm) range. This is different from other fuel additives where the additive is mixed in a retail fuel pump or mixed into fuel in a vehicle's fuel tank.

Following this approach, there is a continuing need to develop combustion additives that can improve the efficiency of fuel combustion.

The motivation of the present invention is to completely/partially replace water by metal colloid compared to the prior art method of injecting water by injection or emulsification of water into fuel during combustion, whereas the amount of water injected into fuel or water during emulsification By reducing the mixing ratio, the advantages of water injection or emulsification are maintained and the added benefit of water-nanometal clusters is enjoyed, while avoiding the side effects of water injection or emulsification. In the present invention, the actual nanometal/fuel ratio associated with combustion is targeted to be less than 0.1 mg/L, which is a significant difference from previous metal nanoparticle fuel additives.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art, and in the manner suggested herein, an alkaline aqueous solution in which fine metal particles are dispersed, which can completely or partially replace water used in fuel additives or water injection systems or humidifiers This has been suggested. Due to the size of the fine metal particles, an alkaline aqueous solution in which the fine metal particles are dispersed can be regarded as a nanofluid composition or a metal colloid.

In addition to colloidal material, the present invention also proposes an injection system in which colloidal components are actively injected into the fuel stream during the combustion process. As detailed above, in this context the terms colloid, colloidal solution, and nanofluid can be used interchangeably.

The colloid is preferably composed of water as a main component.

The pH value of the prepared colloid is preferably 8.0 to 12.5.

The prepared colloid preferably exhibits a DC conductivity of 5 to 13 mS/cm.

It is preferable that the prepared colloid has a surface tension of 50 to 70 mN/m.

The prepared colloid preferably has an ammonia/ammonium value of 3 to 10 mg/L.

The prepared colloid preferably has a TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) value of 1500 to 3500 ppm.

The main dissolved alkali metal ion in the prepared colloid is sodium and preferably has a concentration of 1500 to 3000 mg/L.

The total amount of other metal components in the prepared colloid is preferably 0.5 to 200 mg/L.

The average size of the metal particles in the prepared colloidal solution is between 30 nm and 30 μm.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing a colloid for a combustion additive.

Here, the metal component is eluted from the stainless steel electrode, forming fine particles and dispersed in an aqueous solution.

The electrolysis process is preferably carried out using a power of 1 to 3 W per 5 L of colloidal composition.

The present invention also provides a method for using colloids as additives in combustion, wherein a mixture of colloids or colloids with water and/or an aqueous solvent and/or hydrogen peroxide and/or sodium percarbonate is injected through an air intake or added directly to the fuel.

The injection method is preferably injected through the intake path or injecting the additive directly into the combustion system.

The combustion additive dosage may be controlled via one or more nozzles and/or valves and/or atomizing atomizer power sources.

Colloids or mixtures of water and solvent may be atomized via carburetors, ultrasonic vibrators, bubblers or atomizing nebulizers or other droplet generating methods.

Colloids or mixtures of colloids with water and/or water-soluble solvents and/or hydrogen peroxide and/or sodium percarbonate can be used with conventional water or water/solvent injection devices.

The implantation device may consist of a temperature controller and an ion generator.

Mixing ratios of non-aqueous fuels:additives are typically in the range of 100:1 to 1,000:1 and may be outside this range depending on the purpose of the combustion system and combustion additives.

Sludge by-products can be filtered from colloids as the final stage of the manufacturing process, mineral fertilizers, raw materials for electrets, photosensitive materials for solar cells, raw materials for photosensitive capacitors, and electrokinetic power generation) and/or as a catalyst material for fuel cells.

Colloids can be utilized as flowing fluids for interfacial electrokinetic power generation.

These and other features will be better understood with reference to the following examples of the invention.

According to the present invention as described above, water is completely/partially replaced by metal colloid compared to the method of the prior art in which water is injected or fuel is emulsified and injected when fuel is burned, while water injection for fuel By reducing the mixing ratio of water at the time of adoption or emulsification, it is expected that the advantages of water injection or emulsification are maintained and that the side effects of water injection or emulsification can be avoided while enjoying the additional advantages of water-nanometal clusters.

1A is a schematic diagram of a colloid according to the present invention.
Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of the intensity change of the flame generated when the colloid prepared according to the embodiment of the present invention is injected into the butane gas flame.
2 is a graph showing the colloidal voltage-current characteristic measurement results prepared by the method of the present invention. The electrode used for this measurement is the same as the electrolyte cell used to make the colloid.
3 is a schematic diagram showing a method of injecting a combustion additive prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention into an air nozzle of a combustion system using a tube such as an injection needle tube or tube.
4 is a schematic diagram showing a method of injecting a combustion additive manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention into an air intake by connecting it to a combustion additive container through a valve/nozzle.
5 is a schematic diagram showing that a combustion additive prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention is accommodated in a container with micropores and installed on one side of the air intake.
6 is a schematic diagram showing an injection system configured to provide mixing of air and vapor/aerosol/mist comprised of combustion additives prior to injection into a combustion chamber;
7 is a schematic diagram showing a modified injection system configured to provide mixing of air and vapor/aerosol/mist comprised of combustion additives prior to injection into a combustion chamber;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram similar to FIG. 6 and showing an injection system configured to inject mixed air and combustion additive vapor/aerosol/mist directly into a combustion chamber;
9 is a schematic diagram similar to FIG. 7 and showing an injection system configured to inject mixed air and combustion additive vapor/aerosol/mist directly into a combustion chamber;
10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of injecting a combustion additive manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention into an engine by mixing fuel by a bubbling method.
11 is a schematic diagram showing a typical electrolyte cell that can be used in the manufacture of a colloid according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on preferred embodiments and drawings.

In the present invention, the terms colloid, colloidal solution, and nanofluid are used interchangeably with the same meaning.

The present invention discloses an alkaline aqueous solution in which fine metal particles 110 are dispersed in a solution to form a colloid. Colloids can be usefully used as an injection component or as a complete/partial replacement for water used in water injection systems or air humidification systems added to combustion processes or as combustion additives. In addition, the present invention extends to a method of electrolyzing an aqueous solution to describe a method in which the fine metal particles 110 are dispersed to generate a combustion additive. The colloidal aqueous solution exhibits intrinsic electrostatic charging behavior and combustion improvement behavior.

As can be seen in the example of FIG. 1A , the colloid is composed of fine metal particles 110 and fine metal particles 110 forming the center of the cluster 100 of water 120 . In this arrangement, the clusters 100 of fine metal particles 110 and water 120 can be delivered in vapor/aerosol/mist form and should exhibit a filled outer surface.

The cluster 100 of water 120 is preferably formed on an alkaline basis, and this alkaline-based aqueous solution inhibits the growth of the metal oxide layer, which helps to refine the metal particles 110 . The fine metal particles 110 are generated in an alkaline solution through an electrolysis method and delivered to the combustion environment, and since they are stored in an optimal alkaline solution before that, a thin oxide layer is maintained.

Due to the charging effect and the coulombic repulsion effect of the composition, the filled clusters do not agglomerate and remain in the form of a fine mist, and when finely atomized, they mix uniformly with the air. The electrostatic nature of the cluster prevents water from enveloping the fuel, so the air/fuel ratio remains the same, with no adverse impact on the expected combustion process or efficiency.

As cluster droplets enter the combustion chamber, such as the combustion chamber including the engine of FIGS. 3-5 by way of example or the chamber 300 described more generally in FIGS. Before the explosion, the cluster explodes and water and nanoparticles can diffuse into the chamber. These explosive movements and collisions can improve the uniformity of the indoor air fuel mixture, thus improving combustion. During this cluster destruction process, some water molecules can generate hydrogen that can help clean combustion. The heat generated at the same time as this explosive burst is absorbed by the water or clusters. Therefore, the temperature of the combustion chamber is lowered without reducing the pressure and mechanical movement of the combustion chamber.

Alkali metal ions also remove particle precursors. Alkali metals exhibit detergent effects by inhibiting the nucleation of particle precursors.

<Example>

In order to prepare a colloid according to the present invention, an electrolysis method was introduced into an alkaline aqueous solution, and erosion of the metal electrode was induced so that the fine metal particles 110 were contained in the aqueous solution.

In an electrolysis device such as the device 1100 mentioned in FIG. 11 , the electrodes 1105 , 1115 , 1110 , and 1120 contain iron, and preferably non-magnetic (grade used for food) stainless steel. . An example of a suitable stainless steel that can be used in the context of the present invention is 316L. The stainless steel electrode ultimately provides the constituent material for the fine metallic particles 110 present in the colloid. That is, the generated fine metal particles 110 include components of stainless steel. Since the purpose of choosing a stainless steel such as 316L is to induce a slow elution process to form water-nanometal clusters in the electrolysis process, the exact amount of various metal components in the stainless steel will depend on its performance as a combustion additive. is considered to be irrelevant to It is important to note that stainless steel is generally used because of its anti-corrosion properties. However, the inventors have found that, in the context of electrolysis, stainless steel undergoes corrosion very slowly, though. Using stainless steel as an electrode component to take advantage of this slow corrosion allows metal particles to slowly enter the solution. The detailed composition of the actual incoming metal particles is not considered critical. Importantly, there is a mechanism that ultimately provides a metal component with a total concentration of 0.5-200 mg/L in the final colloid of the present invention.

The electrolyte cell 1100 has a cylindrical shape and the electrodes are positioned in layers. The inner electrode 1105 preferably has a smaller dimension than the outermost electrode 1110 , and the smaller-sized electrode 1105 is located in the larger-sized electrode 1120 . The inner electrode 1105 is generally coupled to the cathode and ground. The outermost electrode 1110 is connected to the positive electrode. In this exemplary arrangement, the intermediate electrodes 1115 and 1120 are positioned between the inner electrode 1105 and the outermost electrode 1110 and have a floating potential. In the electrolysis process, a chemically inactive material is placed between the electrodes to maintain electrical insulation.

The spacing between the electrodes is 5 to 15 mm, and spacers/separators provided between the electrodes must be chemically inert or durable during the electrolysis process.

In addition, the deepest electrode (internal electrode) 1105 is connected to the negative electrode and the ground, and the outermost electrode 1110 is connected to the positive electrode, respectively. The other electrode is electrically insulated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

Electrolysis is a well-known technique, and a detailed description of the composition of the electrolysis will be omitted. As shown in FIG. 11 , the electrode cell structure preferably has a cylindrical shape as much as possible. When dimensioned to use about 5 liters of water, it is desirable to place two neutral cylinders 1115 and 1120 between the positive electrode 1105 and the negative electrode 1110 . The main erosion occurs in the anode cylinder 1105 and the eluted material is dispersed into particles.

The following describes an example of an electrolysis process using this arrangement with a stainless steel electrode.

A solution consisting of water, ethanol and ammonia/ammonium is administered to the electrolyte cell. Ethanol is an example of a suitable alcohol that may be used in the context of the present invention, and other alcohols are also contemplated, such as, for example, methanol. The main electrolyte component used is NaCl, and the additional electrolyte solution may include NaHCO ₃ , Na ₂ CO ₃ , and various other metal salts. The solution may contain powders of various quartz minerals. The solution may contain Mg and Zn. The mixing ratio of ethanol to water is preferably 0.5 to 1.5% by volume to water.

Human or similar animal urine may be used to provide ammonia/ammonium to the solution. If urine is used, the pH value ranges from 5 to 6 and is mixed with water at 0.5 to 2% by volume of water. Urine can be replaced with a urea solution. Before starting the electrolysis process, the ammonia/ammonium dosage can be adjusted from 2 to 5 mg/L. During the manufacturing process, the alcohol evaporates and uric acid and/or the nitrogen component of uric acid is maintained in an ^ammoniac _{form (NH 3} / NH 4+ ).

Mg and Zn can be added to the solution in the form of salts. Add 100 ~ 300 mg/L of Mg to water and 0 ~ 100 mg/L of Zn. The electrolyte is added at a rate of 2 to 8 g/L of water. For example, a pre-prepared mixture of quartz minerals and various salts such as alkali salts sold under the trade name MeineBase salt can be used.

In a preferred configuration, the total dissolved solids before starting the electrolysis process, the TDS value is 1500-2500 mg/L at 20°C. If the salt is out of the upper limit, there is a potential problem that excessive corrosion of the electrode may occur. It should be allowed to corrode and elute within the size range.

The reaction starting solution has a pH value of 8.5 to 9.5 in the reaction starting state without metal particles. Selecting an alkaline solution in this pH range is considered an important factor to control so that the oxide surface film of the fine metal particles 110 is thinly formed. In the process of the present invention, it was observed that the electrolysis reaction becomes excessively fast when the above range is exceeded. Within the above range, the alkali component is optimal for inhibiting oxidation of metal particles such as iron. In the context of fuel additives, surface oxidation of metal components should be minimized to ensure an efficient catalytic effect in combustion.

The amount of dissolved sodium is in the range of 1500 ~ 3000 mg/L, and the total amount of other metal ions and dispersed metal particles after the manufacturing process is 0.5 ~ 200 mg/L as measured by Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. is in the range of

After injecting the electrolyte solution into the electrolyte cell, the electrolyte uses ON/OFF direct current, and the ON/OFF time is 4 to 6 seconds, generally 5 seconds, and the OFF time is 8 to 12 seconds, generally 10 seconds. Alternatively, the frequency can be adjusted by fixing the Duty Ratio to 30 ~ 80%. The current during the ON time is preferably 0.4 ~ 0.8 A, the voltage is preferably controlled to have an average power consumption of 3 ~ 9 W per 5 L of solution, and the average power consumption is 1 ~ 3 W per 5 L of solution. In this case, when the lower limit is exceeded, the fine metal particles 110 are hardly generated, and when the upper limit is exceeded, excessive electrode corrosion occurs.

The electrolyte temperature is preferably maintained at 30 ~ 45 ℃ as much as possible. The electrolysis process is preferably continued for 18 to 24 days. It is important that the selected reaction temperature is a contributing factor to the electrolysis efficiency. If the temperature is too high, the evaporation rate over the long term used in the context of the present invention is too high. If the selected temperature is too low, the actual efficiency of the electrolysis may be affected, and the required time may need to be increased. It is also desirable to prevent the evaporated solution from flowing back into the electrolyzer (bath). This is because it may affect the clustering effect occurring within the reactor.

The sludge from the electrolysis process should be filtered through filter paper with a pore diameter of 0.5 to 50 μm. As discussed below, the sludge may be advantageously used for other applications. When 5 L of water is used, 2.5 ~ 3.5 L of the solution containing nanoparticles remains after the process is completed due to evaporation and filtration.

The chemical properties of the colloidal solution after electrolysis and filtration are pH 8.0 ~ 12.5, TDS 1500 ~ 3500 ppm, ammonia/ammonium 3 ~ 10 mg/L, DC conductivity 5 ~ 13m S/cm, surface tension 50 ~ 70 mN/ It is preferable to show m. These final chemical values of the colloidal solution are closely related to the composition value of the starting electrolyte. A feature of the present invention is the result of the optimal electrolysis conditions presented in the present invention to produce water-nanometal clusters with a minimum amount of fine metal particles 110 as illustrated with reference to FIG. 1 .

In addition, it is preferable to prevent the reoxidation of metal particles by setting the pH of the colloidal solution to 8.0 to 12.5 after the manufacturing process is completed and the upper limit to 12.5. That is, when the pH exceeds 12.5, metal particles (eg iron) may start to oxidize again. As mentioned above, this oxidation can have a detrimental effect on the overall combustion process when additives are added to the combustion process. When the pH value is decreased, it has been confirmed that, in the process of the present invention, metal particles in the colloid are agglomerated and ultimately separated from the colloid and precipitated, detrimentally affecting stability.

As a result of the electrolysis process, by-products are generated separately from the production of fuel additives, and the recycling value is high. This by-product sludge is a mineral fertilizer, raw material for electret (constant voltage capacitor), photosensitive material for solar cell, photosensitive capacitor, charge separation material for interfacial electrokinetic power generation and/or catalyst for fuel cell can be used as

The properties of aqueous metal colloids are sensitive to temperature and/or operating pressure and storage pressure. The finished colloid should be kept sealed in the dark at a temperature of 5 to 27 °C. Outside that range, the aggregation rate of particles and ions and the growth rate of mold increase, so the colloidal performance deteriorates rapidly. When the colloidal solution is atomized, it should produce a vapor/aerosol/mist at 10 to 25 °C. Below the lower limit, clusters impede the thermal expansion of the combustion cycle, and above the upper limit, clusters are not ideally formed.

Once the colloidal solution is formed, it may be mixed with water and/or an aqueous solvent and/or hydrogen peroxide and/or sodium percarbonate to increase stability and catalytic effect on combustion.

<Evaluation example>

Table 1 shows the concentration ranges of major metals included in the colloid through the electrolysis process according to the present invention. Measurements were performed by ICP optical spectral analysis on several samples prepared by default settings of the present invention. In the table, sodium is from the electrolyte and the other elements are from dissolution of the electrode. In this configuration, the electrodes were 316L stainless steel, and each aluminum, chromium, iron, and nickel were presumed to be components from this type of stainless steel. It can be seen that the composition of stainless steel is determined by manufacturing preference.

Element aluminum Chromium Iron sodium Nickel mg/L 0.3 to 0.7 0.05 to 0.3 0.05 to 0.2 1800 ~ 2400 0.1 to 0.8

Table 1 shows that the concentration of metals except sodium is clearly low. If the colloidal combustion additive in Table 1 is mixed in a ratio of fuel/combustion additive = 100 to 1000, ultimately the concentration of harmful metals in the fuel is much lower than 0.1 mg/L. This shows a major difference from conventional metal nanoparticle fuel additives, which promote combustion by the metal nanoparticles themselves contained. In contrast to this, in the present invention, water-nanometal clusters are utilized to be differentiated from the metal particles of the prior art. In this way, the effectiveness of the combustion enhancement provided by the additive is not constrained by the type of actual metal nucleating the water-nanometal cluster. In the present invention, any kind of fine metal can be used in a fine amount as long as it shows a distinct water-nanometal clustering effect. The function of the metal component at this content level is assumed to form the metal nuclei of the formed water-nanometal clusters, and is schematically shown in FIG. 1A.

Table 2 below shows colloidal solutions prepared according to the present invention using Direct Imaging of Particle Analysis (DIPA) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for several samples prepared with the default settings of the present invention. shows the average particle radius range of

DIPA (μm) 3 to 21 DLS (nm) 40 to 130

The metal element eluted from the electrode forms fine particles during the decomposition process of the electrolyte of the preferred setting in the present invention, and is slowly agglomerated during the storage process after fabrication is completed. For this reason, colloids exhibit a wide range of particle sizes. It can be seen that the identified properties of exemplary colloids (particle sizes in Tables 1 and 2) made in accordance with the present invention do not conflict with other measurement parameters. Next, the following performance tests were carried out using the same sample colloid in this measurement range.

1B is a photograph showing a change in the intensity of a flame that occurs when a colloidal solution prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention is sprayed on a flame. As shown in FIG. 1B, the butane gas flame intensity of the lighter differs greatly depending on (1) before spraying and (2) fine spraying of the colloidal solution of the present invention, respectively. As the atomized aqueous solution was supplied, the brightness of the flame became brighter. At this time, the color changed to yellow as the fine metal particles 110 and metal ions in the aqueous solution burned.

2 shows the electrical behavior of a colloidal solution prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention in an open state and a short state without supplying an external current. When the fine metal particles 110 in the aqueous solution attract electric charges and the electrodes are connected, a positive potential is formed in the electrodes. As shown in Fig. 2(a), in the open state, static electricity is formed in the system. As shown in Fig. 2(b), the short-circuit current Isc starts at a maximum of 2.3 mA, and the charge draws from the surroundings and approaches the balance point consumed by the short-circuit. This operating state can be repeated. Due to these charge separation properties, colloids can also be used as fluids for interfacial electrokinetic power generation.

The working principle when colloidal solution is used as combustion additive is as follows.

When the colloidal solution is introduced into the internal combustion engine, the colloidal solution is heated and the water-nanometal clusters explode and spread evenly in the combustion chamber. When the metal particles are dispersed to an appropriate level in the air, the ignition of the fuel is spread evenly in the chamber or cylinder, increasing combustion efficiency. It also aids the ignition process by discharging the charge generated during the aqueous solution or dropletization process from the chamber or cylinder. Considering this, it is estimated that the injection of additives can reduce the amount of energy required for combustion. When the additive is injected through the air intake or supplied directly into the chamber, energy efficiency is higher than when directly mixed into the fuel tank, and the cluster and degree of freedom in the air are increased so that the reaction can proceed more actively.

3 to 5 illustrate a method for supplying a colloidal solution or a mixture thereof with a water/solvent/hydrogen peroxide/sodium percarbonate mixture to an internal combustion engine as an internal combustion engine additive.

Combustion systems such as automobiles, ships, aircraft, generators, boilers, etc. may be equipped with an additive system so that the combustion additive of the present invention can be mixed with fuel through an air intake. In this case, a control device for controlling the injection amount according to the engine temperature, fuel injection speed, air flow rate, torque, revolutions per minute (rpm), etc. may be provided, or a tube-shaped object such as a needle connected to an air intake may be used.

3 is a schematic showing a method of injecting a combustion additive manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention into an engine (combustion chamber, 300) of a combustion system using a needle body 330, a tube, etc. after injecting the combustion additive into the air injection port 310 am. The combustion additive is initially provided to vessel 320 . In order to precisely adjust the addition rate of the additive, the diameter of the tube shape must be appropriately adjusted. The diameter of the tube is related to the flow rate. If there is no space in the container 320 to which the combustion additive is provided, a connecting tube may be inserted between the container and the tube.

With a system modified with similar components, FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a method of injecting a combustion additive of the present invention by connecting a combustion additive prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention with a tube 410 . The additive container 320 (colloid container) is connected to the air inlet port 310 . The tubular body may be composed of a tube, a pipe, or the like. In addition, a control device for controlling the flow control valve may be provided separately.

The mixing ratio of the air and combustion additives can be varied by adjusting the flow control valve 400 between the combustion additive container 320 and the air inlet port 310 . The flow control valve or controller is connected through a tube body, but may also be connected directly to the air inlet.

The mixing ratio may also be controlled by a temperature controller and/or an ultrasonic vibrator and/or a pressure regulator to keep the atomization rate constant. The temperature controller has found that it is particularly advantageous in the present invention to maintain the temperature of the composition at which combustion is reached in the range of 10 to 25°C. It is desirable to have a temperature controller of the liquid container configured to maintain the liquid at a temperature between 5 and 27° C. to prevent rapid degradation of the colloids during storage, ie upon addition to an air stream.

This mixing ratio is determined by taking into account the positive catalytic effect of the cluster and the negative effect of water vapor/aerosol/mist that interferes with the mixing of air and fuel. The non-aqueous fuel: additive mixing ratio is initially administered in the range of 100:1 to 1,000:1. As the combustion additive effect settles into the combustion system, the dosing ratio can be reduced to 50,000:1. When water-soluble fuel is used as the main fuel, the mixing ratio is more flexible and can vary depending on the purpose, and the colloid consumption can be higher than the fuel itself, up to 1:4.

A system for regulating the injection conditions may be installed in the combustion additive container section. This stabilizes the air/fuel mixing ratio and droplet size. In this way, the combustion additive injection quantity can be controlled via one or more nozzles and/or valves and/or atomizing power depending on the airflow and fuel injection quantity. Other configurations may alter the injection rate in response to sensed changes in engine performance, such as engine rpm and/or torque.

5 is a schematic diagram showing that a combustion additive prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention is accommodated in a container 320 having micropores 500 and installed on one side of the air intake.

As shown, the combustion additive of the present invention can be released through the micropores in the vessel by the pressure of the air injection tube, from which the colloid can be supplied to the combustion chamber. More specifically, the method of injecting the combustion additive of the present invention through an air intake provides a housing (container) 320 having micropores 500 (micropore channels) on one side of the air intake, and the housing accommodates the colloidal composition. It consists of applying vibration to the colloid. Following vibration to the colloid, the vessel may be pressurized through an air inlet, which causes the combustion additive to be injected into the fuel channel through the air inlet port 310 . Here, the vibration is, for example, vibration generated by an engine or a vehicle, but the vibration is not necessarily limited thereto, and the vibration may be artificially applied.

On the other hand, the method of injecting the combustion additive by spraying through the air inlet may be performed by a water mist generating device or a bubbling device, an aerosol spraying device other than the method introduced above, and a mist generating device or a bubbling device or an aerosol spraying device. The device can be installed inside or outside the air filter box.

Since the mist generator, bubbler or aerosol atomizer itself is a known technology, detailed descriptions will be omitted.

6 and 7 show the alternatives of FIGS. 3 to 5 in which the combustion additive is provided in the air duct (air inlet port 310 ). In both embodiments, the composition is injected into the air duct, preferably located closest to the combustion chamber 300, preferably behind the Lambda Probe 400. In FIG. 6 , the combustion additive container and the atomizer may be separate or embedded in the bottle 600 .

A method for implementing a suitable atomization may be, for example, a method using a carburettor, an ultrasonic vibrator or a bubbler, in which a fine mist or aerosol is generated at a low temperature. Part of the air exiting the air duct passes through the atomizer and mixes with the vapor/aerosol/mist of the combustion additive. A temperature controller can be built into the atomizer and container. The ionizer may be built into the nebulizer device.

In the spraying method in FIG. 7 , pressure-driven spraying through a porous material, ultrasonic vibration, dropletization using capillary motion, or dropletization by weight through the needle tube 710 may be performed. The injector (needle tube, 710) may be equipped with an ionizer having a function similar to that of an electrostatic spray gun. In this way, the temperature controller can be installed in the vessel 700 or in the line between the vessel and the injector.

8 and 9 show two further variants. FIG. 8 details an injection system that facilitates mixing of the combustion additive vapor/aerosol/mist 800 with air prior to direct injection of the mixture into the combustion chamber 300 via valve 400 . Figure 9 uses a mechanism similar to Figure 7 in that the injection method can be pressure driven spray, ultrasonic vibration, but differs in that the additive is injected directly into the combustion chamber.

10 is a schematic diagram showing a method of mixing the fuel 1030 and the bubbler 1000 by spraying the colloidal solution 1010 prepared according to the embodiment of the present invention. This type of fuel injection scheme can replace fuel carburetors, especially for mixing with ethanol/methanol fuels. The bubbler can be equipped with a temperature controller and a device to maintain the fuel level to stabilize the mix ratio. The output of the bubbler is a mixed fuel and additive mist and air combination 1020 .

It is noted that in this way the present invention administers an aerosol/mist of the composition to combustion. The colloidal composition of the present invention or a mixture thereof with water/solvent/hydrogen peroxide/hydrogen peroxide/sodium percarbonate may be nebulized via one or more delivery methods in a carburetor or ultrasonic vibrator, bubbling or nebulizer or spray or other aerosol. Indeed, the injection system can incorporate the ionization of the fluid simultaneously with the introduction of the fuel system through corona discharge or electrostatic induction. This ionization principle is identical to that of commercial air ionizers or electrostatic spray guns, but it has not been reported to date that these methods are used in the context of combustion-aiding additives. The advantage of using an ionizer is that the vapor/mist/aerosol mobility and catalytic activity are improved, and the aerosol size and spray angle can be adjusted.

The air entering the upper right inlet 1010 of FIG. 10 is turbulent in the bubbler due to the strong flow rate when the mixed vapor/aerosol/mist enters the fuel (or liquid mixed with combustion additive) container. . The bubbles mix with the combustion additives, air and fuel and are sucked into the combustion chamber cylinder through outlet 1020 in the upper left corner of FIG. 10 . If the bubbler 1000 of this structure is installed instead of the fuel tank, in general, the output end of the bubbler is connected to the air inlet of the engine, the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber is locked, and the bubbler can be optimized without special modification of the combustion chamber. This method is advantageous when ethanol or methanol is used as the main fuel instead of gasoline. This is because the optimization of the air/fuel mixture is easy.

When a colloidal solution or a mixture of its solution and water/solvent/hydrogen peroxide/sodium percarbonate is mixed directly with the fuel, the fuel may be mixed in the pre-injection stage or in the injection stage before it is injected into the fuel tank of the combustion system. The additives of the present invention can be mixed into the fuel at a greater variety of times, so that they can be mixed immediately at the refinery to produce the additive. This is because the injection amount of the fuel additive can be freely adjusted according to the customer's request or the quality of the product to be sold. The additives of the present invention may also be injected at gas stations using commercially available emulsification methods.

It is also possible to regenerate the diesel particulate filter when fine metal particles 110 are present in the fuel in addition to the main material obtainable from the colloidal solution itself of the present invention. Colloidal solutions may enable such regeneration at lower temperatures.

In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Table 3, the colloids prepared by the present invention were injected as a combustion additive, and then the fuel consumption before and after injection was compared. This experiment was conducted at an independent exhaust gas emission analysis research institute in Korea. The test vehicle was a Hyundai NF Sonata gasoline 2.0 L, manual transmission, and a mileage of 92,000 km. The test conditions were to analyze exhaust gases from a dyno with an inertia weight of 1591 kg. After evaluating the initial state, colloidal injection was performed and 300 km was driven for 1 week. After the injection condition adaptation operation, the colloid was injected by connecting the needle tube to the air duct for colloid injection and evaluation.

Speed
(km/h) 40 50 60 60 70 70 80 90 100 110 120 Gear 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 (a) Fuel Efficiency Baseline (km/L) 16.9 16.0 15.1 16.5 14.2 15.6 14.6 13.5 12.4 11.1 9.8 (b) Fuel Efficiency with Additive (km/L) 19.4 17.8 16.7 17.6 15.3 16.8 15.7 14.6 13.2 12.4 11.3 difference % =(b-a)/a +14.6 +11.4 +10.6 +6.8 +7.9 +7.8 +7.9 +8.2 +7.0 +11.4 +15.4

As can be seen from the table above, the fuel efficiency improvement effect described above was demonstrated when the colloid of the present invention was used as a combustion additive.

As shown in Table 3, there is a speed region in which the effect of the combustion additive is prominent, and the results can prove the fuel efficiency improvement effect according to the present invention. However, speed ranges may vary depending on vehicle type and environment.

In Table 4, the colloid prepared according to the present invention was injected as a combustion additive, and at this time, it was tested in CVS 75 mode, a Korean standard test method, to compare the degree of generation of toxic exhaust gas before and after addition. This experiment was conducted at an independent exhaust gas emission analysis research institute in Korea. The vehicle tested was a Kia Soul gasoline 1.6 L, automatic transmission, and 20,000 km driving. The colloid was injected into the air duct through the needle tube.

CO (mg/Km) NOx (mg/Km) Baseline (a) 134 7 Additive Injection (b) 114 3 Difference % = (b-a)/a -15 -57

As can be seen from the table above, when the colloid of the present invention is used as a combustion additive, the effect of improving the emission of harmful substances as described above has been demonstrated.

In Table 5, colloids were injected into diesel generators in the form of mist through air ducts as combustion additives. The generator tested is a Senci SC6000C, 5.5 KW. A 3 KW heater was connected as a load to the generator and the generated power (Wh) was measured with a power consumption meter using 500 mL of diesel. The exhaust gases were analyzed with a Kane Auto 3-7 instrument. The test was repeated, and the average value was obtained 5 times under the initial condition and 5 times under the condition of providing the combustion additive.

Condition Generated Power (Wh) CO (ppm) NOx (ppm) Baseline (a) 1214 1143 464 Additive Injection (b) 1290 960 411 Difference % = (b-a)/a +5.9 -16.0 -11.4

As shown in the table above, more power is produced with the colloids of the present invention and harmful emissions are reduced. This test proves that colloidal components also have a positive effect on diesel engine operation.

The main effect of colloidal combustion additive injection is to increase the uniformity of combustion. That is, the fuel is more likely to mix with air through the movement of colloidal vapor/aerosol/mist. This improves fuel economy and reduces carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot emissions. A key factor enabling a high catalytic effect at a low concentration of metal particles is the clustering of water-nanometals, and the clustering is better to generate charges by interfacial electrokinetics in a fast-moving state compared to normal water vapor.

The presence of water reduces the production of _{nitric oxide (NO x} ) because the combustion temperature is lowered. This manufacturing method has the advantage of making water-nanometal clusters because, in the electrolytic solution process used to prepare the final colloidal additive, the nuclei of the clusters are eluted directly from the original stainless steel electrode. The indicated electrolysis process is a process for inclusion of fine metal particles, and has the advantage of simplicity of the fabrication process and low energy consumption.

In addition, the by-products obtained from the electrolysis and filtering process can be recycled as electret materials, fuel cell catalysts, photoreactive materials or photoreactive capacitor materials for solar cells, charge generation (separation) materials for interfacial electrokinetic power generation, high mineral fertilizers, etc. Thus, it reduces the generation of waste and improves the environment.

In addition, the colloidal solution can be utilized as a fluid for interfacial electrokinetic power generation.

In addition, colloidal solutions act as catalysts to reduce toxic exhaust gases from combustion processes. A diesel combustion system generally includes a trap for filtering dust generated during combustion of diesel fuel, and beneficial effects such as incineration of dust accumulated in the combustion chamber by introducing fine metal particles 110 into the trap are expected.

Alkali metal ions contained in the colloid create a detergent effect during combustion, preventing soot deposition in the chamber. Since the water-nanometal clustering plays an important role, the intake injection method has the advantage of maintaining colloidal properties without being affected by chemicals in the main fuel.

The intake injection method has the advantage of controlling the temperature and charge of vapor/aerosol/mist separately from fuel.

Claims (25)

pH 8.0 to 12.5;
Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) 1500 ~ 3500 ppm,
average particle size 30 nm to 30 μm,
sodium concentration 1500 to 3000 mg/L, and
Colloidal aqueous solution for combustion additives, wherein the total concentration of other metal components is 0.5 to 200 mg/L. According to claim 1,
The colloidal aqueous solution for the combustion additive,
At a measurement temperature of 20 °C,
A colloidal aqueous solution for combustion additives, having a direct current (DC) electrical conductivity of 5 to 13 mS/cm and a surface tension of 50 to 70 mN/m. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2,
The colloidal aqueous solution for the combustion additive further comprises ammonia or ammonium component having a concentration of 3 to 10 mg/L at 20 °C. It comprises the colloidal aqueous solution of any one of claims 1 to 3,
water;
water-soluble solvents;
hydrogen peroxide; or
A combustion additive mixture comprising at least one of sodium percarbonate. A method for injecting water/air humidification for combustion, wherein the water is at least partially displaced by the aqueous colloidal solution of any one of claims 1 to 3 or the combustion additive mixture of claim 4 . To form the colloidal solution of any one of claims 1 to 3,
providing an alkaline aqueous reaction initiation solution to an electrolysis bath, the electrolysis bath comprising a plurality of stainless steel electrodes; and
A method of forming a colloidal solution, wherein metal components are eluted from at least one of the plurality of electrodes by an electrolysis process used to form the colloidal aqueous solution. 7. The method of claim 6,
The reaction initiation solution prepared for electrolysis is,
It contains alcohol in the range of 0.5 to 1.5% by volume of water based on water, and the solution further includes a component of urine or urea solution added at a rate of 0.5 to 2% by volume of all water,
For all water volumes, 2 to 8 g/L of salt, 100 to 300 mg/L of magnesium, 0 to 100 mg/L of zinc, and 0 to 100 mg/L of quartz powder ) contains more ingredients,
Here, the reaction initiation solution is at a measurement condition of 20 °C,
Its pH value is 8.5 ~ 9.5, TDS value is 1500 ~ 2500 ppm, ammonia / ammonium value is 2 ~ 5 ppm, a method of forming a colloidal solution. 8. The method of claim 7,
The method of forming a colloidal solution, wherein the salt component is sodium chloride alone or a sodium chloride mixture in which other salts are present in the range of 50 to 100%, in a ratio of 0 to 50% relative to the total amount of the salt component. 9. The method of claim 7 or 8,
The method of forming a colloidal solution, wherein the magnesium and zinc components are each provided in an aqueous form. 10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9,
A periodic DC current is used during the electrolysis,
During the power-on time of 4-6 seconds, the current is in the range of 0.4-0.8 A, the voltage is controlled to consume 3-9 W of power per 5 L of starting solution, and there is a power-off time of 8-12 seconds; or,
A method of forming a colloidal solution, wherein the frequency with a fixed duty ratio of 30 to 80% is maintained by using an average power use in the range of 1 to 3W for 5L of the starting solution. 11. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 10,
The method of forming a colloidal solution, further comprising the step of maintaining the solution temperature at a temperature of 30 ~ 45 ℃ in the electrolysis process. 12. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 11,
The electrolysis process time is between 18 and 24 days, a method of forming a colloidal solution. 13. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 12,
A filtration step is further included, wherein the filtration step comprises:
It is carried out after electrolysis, and proceeds by a method of filtering particles having a diameter of 0.5 to 50 μm or more, the filtered particles form residual sludge, and the filtered liquid forms a colloidal solution, forming a colloidal solution Way. A combustion additive comprising the colloidal aqueous solution of any one of claims 1 to 3 or a mixture of claim 4 is introduced during combustion,
A method of introducing a combustion additive upon combustion, comprising injecting the additive directly into an air intake of a combustion system or directly into a combustion chamber to be mixed with fuel in a combustion cycle. 15. The method of claim 14,
wherein the combustion additive is micronized prior to mixing with the fuel, the micronized additive using a carburettor, ultrasonic vibrator, bubbler and/or spray atomizer. 16. The method of claim 14 or 15,
Providing a housing having a micro porous channel on the first surface of the air intake, the additive is formed in the form of droplets in the housing and supplied, and vibration is applied to the additive before injecting the additive into the fuel, A method of introducing combustion additives during combustion. 17. The method of claim 16,
A method of introducing a combustion additive upon combustion comprising providing a housing in an air filter box at an air intake. 18. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 17,
a flow control valve connected to the control unit is provided, the control unit being configured to control the rate of inflow of the additive during combustion;
The control unit is
the rate at which fuel enters the engine,
the flow of air entering the engine,
engine revolutions per minute (rpm),
engine torque,
the speed of the vehicle driven by the engine,
configured to monitor and control at least one parameter of
wherein the volume of the additive introduced is further controlled by at least one of the temperature of the micronized additive or the air temperature of the air duct. 19. The method of claim 18,
wherein the flow rate is controlled by controlling the strength of atomising of the additive. 20. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 19,
A method of introducing a combustion additive during combustion, wherein an additive injector having a temperature control unit is provided, and the additive is injected into an air duct or combustion chamber at a temperature of 10 to 25 °C. 21. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 20,
A method of introducing a combustion additive during combustion, comprising maintaining the additive in a container of the injection unit in a temperature range of 5 to 27 °C. 22. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 21,
wherein the injection of the additive is by means of an injection system comprising an ionizer using corona discharge or electrostatic induction. A process for introducing a combustion additive comprising the colloidal solution of any one of claims 1 to 3 or a mixture of claim 4,
A method of introducing a combustion additive that is mixed directly into the fuel through chemical or mechanical emulsification. The sludge of claim 13 is a mineral fertilizer, a raw material for the production of an electret, a photosensitive material for a solar cell, a raw material for a photosensitive capacitor, a charge separation material for interfacial electrokinetic power generation, and/or a catalyst material for a fuel cell A method of using the sludge, which is used in any one of them. The colloidal solution of any one of claims 1 to 3 or the sludge of claim 13 or the combustion additive mixture of claim 4 is a colloidal solution, sludge or mixture used as a flowing fluid component of electrokinetic power generation. How to use.

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