KR20210027942A - Ship - Google Patents

Abstract

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a ship comprises: a crude oil tank for storing crude oil; a gas separator heating the crude oil supplied from the crude oil tank to separate petroleum gas; and a fuel supply unit pressurizing the petroleum gas supplied from the gas separator to be supplied to a propulsion engine.

Description

Ship{Ship}

The present invention relates to a ship.

In general, a crude oil carrier is a ship that ships crude oil mined from a production site in a number of cargo tanks for storing crude oil and transports it to a consumer through sea, and is referred to as an oil tanker, oil carrier, oil tanker, etc., and a cargo tank that stores crude oil. It is also called VLCC, ULCC, etc. depending on the size of.

Such a crude oil carrier sails with crude oil loaded in 3 to 5 cargo tanks arranged side by side in the front and rear direction of the hull.At this time, the crude oil stored in the cargo tank is a liquid hydrocarbon naturally produced underground or refines it. It can be called collectively.

However, since such crude oil is in a state in which various impurities are mixed or various substances (kerosene, asphalt, etc.) having different boiling points are mixed, it is difficult to use the crude oil itself as fuel as energy, and a fuel tank must be separately provided. In addition, a large amount of volatile organic compounds (hereinafter referred to as VOCs) are generated in the process of being loaded on the carrier and/or in the state of being loaded in the cargo tank of the crude oil carrier, and losses are caused for the crude oil transported by the amount of VOC generated. there is a problem.

Accordingly, improvement is required.

The present invention was created to improve the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a ship that does not require a separate fuel tank and can prevent the loss of crude oil.

A ship according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a crude oil tank for storing crude oil; A gas separator for separating petroleum gas by heating crude oil supplied from the crude oil tank; And a fuel supply unit that pressurizes the petroleum gas supplied from the gas separator and supplies it to the propulsion engine.

Specifically, the petroleum gas supplied to the propulsion engine may be liquefied petroleum gas liquefied by pressurization.

Specifically, an oil vapor supply line for supplying the oil vapor generated from the crude oil tank upstream of the fuel supply unit may be further included.

Specifically, it may further include a return line for returning the crude oil from which the petroleum gas has been removed from the gas separator to the crude oil tank.

Specifically, the propulsion engine may be a DF (Dual Fuel) engine capable of operating in a liquefied petroleum gas mode.

Specifically, the vessel may be a VLCC (Very Large Crude Oil Carrier).

The ship according to the present invention can purify crude oil or separate/extract the oil vapor supplied from the crude oil tank into fuel used in the propulsion engine through a gas separator and/or filter, and are required by the propulsion engine through the fuel supply unit. Since some of the crude oil can be directly used as fuel according to the specifications (temperature/pressure), it is not necessary to separately store the fuel used for the propulsion engine, or the fuel can be stored and used in a minimum space. Since the tank can be omitted, a space for storing fuel can be used as a space for storing cargo.

1 is a view showing a ship according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a view showing a ship according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Objects, specific advantages and novel features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description and preferred embodiments associated with the accompanying drawings. In adding reference numerals to elements of each drawing in the present specification, it should be noted that, even though they are indicated on different drawings, only the same elements are to have the same number as possible. In addition, in describing the present invention, when it is determined that a detailed description of a related known technology may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a view showing a ship according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a view showing a ship according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

1 and 2, the ship 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention is an oil tanker in which crude oil is transported and/or stored (for example, it may be a very large crude oil carrier (LCC)). Can be

However, the ship 100 of this embodiment is not limited to a crude oil carrier, and the ship 100 of this embodiment can be used in the sense of encompassing all offshore plants such as FSRU and FPSO, and ships receiving crude oil, crude oil It may mean a bunkering vessel for supplying to other ships or land.

In particular, in the vessel 100 of this embodiment, an LPG DF system (a system using LPG) may be simply grafted to a crude oil carrier, and some of the crude oil supplied from the crude oil tank 110 is used with a gas separator 120. Separated and supplied to the propulsion engine 140, that is, after directly converting crude oil into petroleum gas and supplying it to the propulsion engine 140 through the fuel supply unit 130, as mentioned in the second embodiment, not only crude oil In addition, there is a difference from the prior art that the oil vapor (VOC) generated in the crude oil tank 110 can be used as fuel.

Specifically, the vessel 100 according to this embodiment includes a crude oil tank 110, a gas separator 120, a fuel supply unit 130, and a propulsion engine 140, and the crude oil of the crude oil tank 110 is gas separator ( It is supplied to 120), and petroleum gas can be separated by heating.

First, the crude oil tank 110 stores crude oil, which may be made of oil. Three to five crude oil tanks 110 may be arranged in series in the longitudinal direction inside the hull, and the storage capacity of each crude oil tank 110 is not particularly limited.

In addition, the crude oil tank 110 needs to be provided with a pressure pump 132 of the fuel supply unit 130 to be described later and a discharge pump (not shown) separately so that the stored crude oil can be unloaded. Here, the pump for discharge may be made of a submerged pump, and thus may be provided in a form submerged in crude oil inside the crude oil tank 110, and a conventional structure in which crude oil can be bunkered by connecting a line (not shown) to the pump. It can be applied as it is.

However, in this embodiment, since the fuel supply line L1 may be branched in the bunkering line, crude oil may be supplied to the gas separator 120 without a separate pump.

In addition, since the crude oil tank 110 of this embodiment may be provided in plural, the fuel supply line L1 may be connected to each crude oil tank 110, but the gas separator 120 and the fuel supply unit 130 may have a plurality of The fuel supply line (L1) is connected to the propulsion engine 140 only to one of the crude oil tanks 110 among the plurality of crude oil tanks 110 (at this time, the crude oil tank ( 110), the gas separator 120, the fuel supply unit 130, the propulsion engine 140 may be provided in a row), the crude oil tank 110 is a separate line so that the storage type of the crude oil tank 110 is balanced. Various forms are possible, as can be communicated with each other through.

The gas separator 120 may separate petroleum gas by heating crude oil supplied from the crude oil tank 110 as a refinery. That is, the gas separator 120 may separate/extract petroleum gas from crude oil using a distillation method.

Here, the crude oil stored in the crude oil tank 110 may be collectively referred to as a liquid hydrocarbon or purified thereof, and may be formed of a mixture of various oils. In addition, although the oil vapor naturally generated from crude oil is the oil vapor used in the second embodiment, it may be separated through the gas separator 120. Thus, referring to this, gasoline, kerosene, etc. In general, it is a mixture containing fine droplets such as diesel, that is, a large amount of volatile organic compounds, so even if the gaseous vapor is separated from the liquid crude oil, gasoline and kerosene that cannot be used in the propulsion engine 140 are included. It may not be pressurized and used as fuel for the propulsion engine 140.

However, the vessel 100 of this embodiment does not supply crude oil and/or oil vapor supplied from the crude oil tank 110 as it is to the propulsion engine 140, and through the gas separator 120, petroleum gas from crude oil and/or oil vapor After separating and supplying it to the propulsion engine 140 through the fuel supply unit 130, the crude oil / oil vapor component can be utilized as a fuel.

That is, a conventional crude oil carrier cannot use crude oil as a fuel and only transports crude oil that can achieve energy as a transport, and must provide a fuel tank for storing a separate fuel (e.g., LNG), and provide liquid LPG. The transporting liquefied petroleum gas carrier does not transport crude oil, but transports LPG, so some of the LPG that is transported is used as fuel, and it cannot use crude oil at all.

However, in this embodiment, a gas separator 120 is provided to separate/extract fuel from crude oil as a cargo and oil vapor naturally generated from crude oil as in the second embodiment, and separated from crude oil/oil vapor by the gas separator 120 There is a difference from the conventional one by using petroleum gas as a fuel.

Here, the crude oil supplied from the crude oil tank 110 to the gas separator 120 may include gasoline, kerosene, diesel, heavy oil, asphalt, etc. contained in crude oil, as mentioned above, but petroleum gas is gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil. Since the boiling point is different from the etc., petroleum gas can be separated from gasoline and the like.

For example, the gas separator 120 can separate each component from crude oil or separate only petroleum gas. The boiling point of gasoline is 30°C or higher, the boiling point of kerosene is 150°C or higher, and the boiling point of diesel is 250°C. Crude oil/oil vapor by forming a temperature above -43°C to achieve the boiling point of petroleum gas but lower than the above temperature, the boiling point of heavy oil, 280°C or higher, and the boiling point of asphalt, 350°C or higher, that is, lower than 30°C. It is also possible to separate/extract gasoline by separating petroleum gas from or by additionally forming a temperature corresponding to each boiling point.

However, since the vessel 100 has a large space limitation, gasoline or asphalt is separated/extracted from crude oil or oil vapor and is difficult to separate and store in a separate space/tank, so that only petroleum gas is separated/extracted from oil vapor. It may be desirable.

In other words, the gas separator 120 separates only petroleum gas for use as fuel of the propulsion engine 140 from crude oil and/or oil vapor, and discharges crude oil only when fuel is needed from the propulsion engine 140 and can be used. Gasoline, etc. may be separately stored separately, but due to space constraints, it is preferable to separate only petroleum gas used as fuel, and the gas separator 120 has a temperature of -43°C or higher, 30°C or higher, which is a temperature for separating petroleum gas. It is possible to form temperatures below °C

Meanwhile, when the gas separator 120 separates only petroleum gas from crude oil and supplies the separated petroleum gas to the fuel supply unit 130, a mixture of kerosene, asphalt, etc., which is the remainder of the crude oil excluding petroleum gas, remains as it is. At this time, since the mixture remaining after the petroleum gas is separated from the crude oil still contains other fuel sources such as kerosene, it is preferable to recover it to the crude oil tank 110 without discarding it.

To this end, a return line L2 may be provided from the gas separator 120 to the crude oil tank 110, and the return line L2 is a crude oil tank 110 from which petroleum gas has been removed from the gas separator 120. As a result, there is no need to separately store the mixture from which the petroleum gas has been separated.

In addition, when other customers 150 such as boilers are provided in the vessel 100, the return line L2 is provided with a branch line L3 and the mixture is supplied to other other demanders 150 through the branch line L3. It could be.

The fuel supply unit 130 may pressurize the petroleum gas supplied from the gas separator 120 to supply petroleum gas in a liquid form to the propulsion engine 140.

Briefly, in order for the propulsion engine 140 using petroleum gas as a fuel to operate normally, the supplied petroleum gas must be at a certain pressure (may be 20 to 60 bar) and/or temperature (20 to 50 degrees Celsius). The temperature/pressure of the propulsion engine may be different from the propulsion engine), the pressure increases or the temperature decreases so that the gaseous petroleum gas is liquefied while being separated from the crude oil in the gas separator 120, or the propulsion engine by a combination of pressure and temperature The specifications (which may be temperature/pressure) required at 140 may be made.

In this embodiment, in order to apply conditions by a combination of pressure and temperature, petroleum gas may be heat-exchanged (cooled/heated) and then pumped at high pressure and supplied to the propulsion engine 140. For this purpose, as an example, the fuel supply unit 130 Including the heat exchanger 131 and the pump 132, the fuel supply unit 130 increases the pressure of petroleum gas according to the pressure/temperature required by the propulsion engine 140 to liquefy it into liquefied petroleum gas, and the propulsion engine 140 It can be supplied directly to and used.

First, the heat exchanger 131 may change the temperature of the petroleum gas through heat exchange. In order to prevent the gaseous petroleum gas from flowing into the pump 132 provided downstream of the heat exchanger 131, the petroleum gas is lower than the boiling point of the petroleum gas. You can adjust the temperature of the gas.

For example, the heat exchanger 131 may implement heat exchange with petroleum gas using various heat exchange media supplied through a medium supply line (not shown), and the heat exchange medium may be seawater, fresh water, glycol water, exhaust, etc. It is not limited to this.

The temperature of the petroleum gas heated by the heat exchanger 131 may be different from the required temperature of the propulsion engine 140, which is, when pressurized by the pump 132 provided downstream of the heat exchanger 131, the temperature of the petroleum gas is somewhat Because it can increase. Accordingly, the heat exchanger 131 may control the temperature of the petroleum gas so that the temperature of the petroleum gas flowing into the propulsion engine 140 is appropriate in consideration of an increase in the temperature of the petroleum gas during the pressurization process of the pump 132.

The pump 132 may be made of a high pressure pump to pressurize petroleum gas, may be provided downstream of the heat exchanger 131 in the fuel supply line L1, and the temperature is controlled by the heat exchanger 131. Petroleum gas can be pressurized to a pressure required by the propulsion engine 140. The pressure required by the propulsion engine 140 may be 20 to 50 bar, but may vary depending on the specifications of the propulsion engine 140.

A plurality of such pumps 132 may be provided in parallel so as to be able to back up each other, and in order to suppress the occurrence of cavitation during the pressurization process, petroleum gas may flow into the liquid phase from the heat exchanger 131. For this, the heat exchanger 131 may control the temperature of the petroleum gas as described above.

The propulsion engine 140 is an engine that consumes petroleum gas refined from crude oil or oil vapor generated from crude oil, and can propel a hull, and is, for example, a DF (Dual Fuel) engine capable of operating in a liquefied petroleum gas mode. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a variety of known engines can be applied if petroleum gas can be used as a fuel.

Here, the petroleum gas supplied to the propulsion engine 140 may be liquefied petroleum gas liquefied by pressurization, and pressurization may be performed through the fuel supply unit 130 as mentioned above.

In addition, the propulsion engine 140 may receive liquefied petroleum gas from the fuel supply unit 130 in liquid form and consume the excess liquefied petroleum gas remaining and return it through a separate line (L4), and the surplus liquefied petroleum gas can be used as a propulsion engine ( When the lubricating oil of 140) is mixed, impurities are mixed and can be recovered upstream of the propulsion engine 140 (for example, the front end of the pump 132) without returning to the crude oil tank 110. However, when a strainer or the like is provided in the line L4 to remove impurities, various modifications are possible as may be recovered to the crude oil tank 110.

As described above, in this embodiment, the conventional ship transports crude oil by cargo, for example, so as to solve the problem of deteriorating space efficiency by separately providing a fuel tank for storing fuel and a cargo tank for storing cargo. Since the vessel 100 can discharge and use only the fuel of the required capacity from the crude oil tank 110 as a cargo tank, the fuel tank and the cargo tank have an integrated structure, and the fuel tank can be omitted. It can store and transport crude oil.

On the other hand, the oil vapor (VOC) generated from crude oil may also exist inside the crude oil tank 110, so the vessel 100 needs to utilize the oil vapor.

In other words, oil vapor may be a volatile organic compound including gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc., which have a higher boiling point than petroleum gas in a gaseous state with the lowest boiling point among crude oil composed of a mixture of various oils. If discharged into the atmosphere, it may cause air pollution and environmental pollution due to smog and the like, and there is a problem of causing losses for crude oil transported by the amount of VOC generated.

Therefore, in the following, in addition to using crude oil, the use of oil vapor will be described.

Referring to FIG. 2, the ship 100 according to the second embodiment is not only the same/similar to the first embodiment in which crude oil is refined and used as fuel, but also oil vapor generated from crude oil in the crude oil tank 110 In order to utilize as a fuel, in this embodiment, the oil vapor supply line L5 through which the oil vapor passes may be connected from the crude oil tank 110 to the upstream of the fuel supply unit 130.

Briefly, petroleum gas via the oil vapor supply line (L5) will be supplied to the fuel supply unit 130 through various paths before achieving the specifications required by the propulsion engine 140 from the fuel supply unit 130 as previously mentioned. I can.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the oil vapor supply line L5 is connected from the crude oil tank 110 to the buffer tank 170 (when the filter 160 is provided, it can be passed through the filter 160). Yes), connected to the fuel supply line (L1) upstream of the buffer tank 170 via the filter 160 from the crude oil tank 110, or the filter 160 is omitted and the gas separator from the crude oil tank 110 ( 120), various modifications are possible.

The filter 160 not described herein may be made of a simple filter such as a mesh for filtering contaminants, and may be a low-capacity oil refining device, which filters foreign substances mixed with oil vapor or the oil vapor is formed in the form of a gas. In preparation for heating crude oil at (120), it is to ensure that microdroplets such as kerosene are separated from the oil vapor.

And when the filter 160 is made of a strainer that serves as a filtering function, the petroleum gas can be filtered and delivered to the propulsion engine 140, and alternatively, the excess petroleum gas remaining from the propulsion engine 140 can be filtered. As 160 may be provided on a separate line (L4) that is the front end of the gas separator 120, the front end of the buffer tank 170 or the front end of the fuel supply unit 130, the rear end of the propulsion engine 140, Various modifications are possible.

Here, the foreign substances filtered by the filter 23 may mean various foreign substances mixed with crude oil and various foreign substances that reduce the efficiency of the propulsion engine 140, and the type is not limited.

Meanwhile, when the filter 160 is made of a low-capacity oil refining device, the filter 160 may be made smaller in size than the gas separator 120, and the filter 160 may be preferably provided, but may be omitted. have.

In addition, the undescribed buffer tank 170 is a space in which fuel can be temporarily stored and/or a space in which petroleum gas via the oil vapor supply line (L5) and petroleum gas via the gas separator 120 can be mixed with each other. Can be formed.

However, since the ship 100 of this embodiment can be used after supplying crude oil to the gas separator 120 only when the propulsion engine 140 needs fuel, the buffer tank 170 may be omitted, and a preliminary The structure of a known technique may be combined as long as it does not conflict with the present invention, as it can be made in a form of a low capacity to store fuel, that is, a size of 1/10 or less compared to a conventional fuel tank.

In addition, since the petroleum gas passing through the oil vapor supply line L5 is made of gas, diesel oil may be possible without pressurization by a pump. In this way, when the oil vapor passes through the gas separator 120 and/or the filter 160 from the crude oil tank 110, the oil vapor simply passes through the gas through the characteristics of the gas, that is, a pump for discharge is not provided, and the crude oil tank In order to utilize the simple discharge of the oil vapor from the 110, the inlet end of the oil vapor supply line L5 may be provided in an open shape on the inner upper side of the crude oil tank 110, but is not limited thereto, and the oil vapor supply line ( If L5) is provided at a position higher than the liquid level (the height of the crude oil) so that gas can be discharged, various modifications are possible.

And since this embodiment is a structure is added to utilize the oil vapor in the first embodiment described above, the structure and connection of the crude oil tank 110, the gas separator 120, the fuel supply unit 130, and the propulsion engine 140 Since relationships, mechanisms, etc. may be the same/similar to each other, overlapping descriptions will be omitted.

In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and of course, a combination of the above embodiments or a combination of at least one of the above embodiments and a known technology may be included as another embodiment.

In this way, in this embodiment, the fuel used in the propulsion engine 140 can be separated/extracted from the oil vapor supplied from the crude oil tank 110 through the gas separator 120 and/or the filter 160, etc. Since some of the crude oil can be directly used as fuel according to the specifications (temperature/pressure) required by the propulsion engine 140 through the supply unit 130, there is no need to separately store the fuel used in the propulsion engine 140 or Since fuel is stored and used as a space, a conventional space for storing fuel can be utilized as a space for storing cargo.

Although the present invention has been described in detail through specific examples, this is for explaining the present invention in detail, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and within the technical scope of the present invention, by those of ordinary skill in the art. It would be clear that the transformation or improvement is possible.

All simple modifications to changes of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention, and the specific scope of protection of the present invention will be made clear by the appended claims.

100: ship 110: crude oil tank
120: gas separator 130: fuel supply
131: heat exchanger 132: pump
140: propulsion engine 150: other customers
160: filter 170: buffer tank
L1: fuel supply line L2: return line
L3: branch line L5: oil vapor supply line

Claims (6)

A crude oil tank for storing crude oil;
A gas separator for separating petroleum gas by heating crude oil supplied from the crude oil tank; And
A vessel comprising a fuel supply unit for pressurizing the petroleum gas supplied from the gas separator and supplying it to a propulsion engine. The method of claim 1,
A vessel, characterized in that the petroleum gas supplied to the propulsion engine is liquefied petroleum gas liquefied by pressurization. The method of claim 1,
The vessel further comprising an oil vapor supply line for supplying the oil vapor generated from the crude oil tank upstream of the fuel supply unit. The method of claim 2,
The vessel further comprising a return line for returning the crude oil from which the petroleum gas has been removed from the gas separator to the crude oil tank. The method of claim 2,
The propulsion engine is a ship, characterized in that the DF (Dual Fuel) engine capable of operating in a liquefied petroleum gas mode. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The vessel is a vessel, characterized in that the VLCC (Very Large Crude Oil Carrier).

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