KR20200115099A - System for air conditioning of a passenger compartment and for heat transfer with drive components of a motor vehicle and method for operating the system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to systems (1a, 1b) for air conditioning in passenger compartments and heat transfer with driving parts of automobiles. The systems (1a, 1b) comprise: refrigerant circuits (2a, 2b) having a compressor (5), a first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger (6) operating as a condenser/gas cooler, and at least one refrigerant-air heat exchanger (7, 8) operating as an evaporator for conditioning the supply air of the passenger compartment, with expansion elements (10, 11) upstream; a first coolant circuit (3) having the first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger (6) and a coolant-air heat exchanger (26) operating as a heating heat exchanger; a second coolant circuit (4) having a coolant heat exchanger (31) for tempering the driving part, wherein the first coolant circuit (3) and the second coolant circuit (4) are formed separately from each other, and the coolant circuits (3, 4) comprise a coolant-coolant heat exchanger (27) for heat transfer between coolants circulating in the coolant circuits (3, 4). Also, the present invention relates to a method of operating the systems (1a, 1b).

Description

SYSTEM FOR AIR CONDITIONING OF A PASSENGER COMPARTMENT AND FOR HEAT TRANSFER WITH DRIVE COMPONENTS OF A MOTOR VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SYSTEM}

The present invention relates to a system for air conditioning in a passenger compartment and for heat transfer to a driving part of an automobile. The system comprises a refrigerant circuit having at least one refrigerant-air heat exchanger and at least one refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger, a refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger and a coolant operating as a heating heat exchanger, operating as an evaporator for conditioning supply air to the passenger compartment. -A first coolant circuit having an air heat exchanger, and a second coolant circuit having a coolant heat exchanger for tempering a driving part of an automobile. The invention also relates to a method of operating the system.

Automobiles with different drive concepts are known in the prior art. This concept is based on drive by an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, or a combination of both types. Since a vehicle having a combination of an internal combustion engine and an electric drive comprises a hybrid drive, the vehicle can be driven by electric, electric/internal combustion or internal combustion engine as required. Vehicles equipped with a hybrid drive with a battery that can be charged through the internal combustion engine and from the power supply are called plug-in hybrid or the abbreviation PHEV for "plug-in hybrid electric vehicle", which will be charged only through the internal combustion engine. It is designed to contain a battery that is more powerful than a car with a capable battery.

Conventional vehicles equipped with hybrid drives consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines are usually better than cars equipped with pure internal combustion engine drives, due to their designs including additional components such as high voltage batteries, internal chargers, transformers, inverters and electric motors. It has a large cooling requirement. Hybrid driven vehicles are designed to include a coolant circuit in addition to the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioning system, in which the coolant circulating to remove heat released by the driving components in the coolant circuit is guided through an air-cooled heat exchanger.

Direct refrigerant cooled heat exchangers designed as battery coolers or coolant circuits with an additional refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger for thermal coupling with the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioning system for cooling the battery, especially to comply with the permissible temperature limits of high voltage batteries. do. A refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger that operates as an evaporator of refrigerant for battery cooling is also called a chiller.

Accordingly, it is known that the heat distribution system of a PHEV includes at least one refrigerant circuit and one coolant circuit. In the air conditioner of the air conditioning system of the automobile, a refrigerant-air heat exchanger that operates as an evaporator for cooling and/or dehumidifying the supply air for the passenger compartment and a refrigerant that operates as a condenser/gas cooler for heating the supply air for the passenger compartment, respectively. At least three heat exchangers are arranged with an air heat exchanger and a coolant-air heat exchanger.

For example, DE 10 2013 105 747 A1 has an evaporator, a compressor, a heat exchanger for supplying heat from the refrigerant to air to be conditioned for the passenger compartment, and a heat exchanger for heat transfer between the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit and the coolant in the engine cooling circuit. A heat distribution device in a hybrid vehicle including a refrigerant circuit and an engine cooling circuit is disclosed. The heat exchanger for heat transfer between the coolant and the coolant can be operated as an evaporator for heat transfer from the coolant to the evaporating coolant and as a condenser for heat transfer from the condensed coolant to the coolant.

As known in the prior art, the formation of a heat distribution system in a PHEV is very complex and requires a large number of components on the refrigerant side and on the coolant side and on the air side, resulting in high system cost.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a modular system for air conditioning in a passenger compartment and for heat transfer with driving parts of automobiles, particularly automobiles equipped with a combined electric and internal combustion engine drive. In addition to the comfortable heating of the supply air for the passenger compartment, the system must allow for the conditioning of the components of the drive train, in particular for the tempering of the high-voltage batteries of the electric drive and in particular for the preconditioning of the internal combustion engine through the refrigerant circuit. The system must be able to operate at maximum efficiency. Manufacturing costs, maintenance costs and operating costs as well as the required installation space of the system should be minimal.

This task is solved by objects having the features of the independent claims. Examples of improvements are presented in the dependent claims.

The above problem is solved by the system according to the invention for air conditioning in the passenger compartment and for heat transfer to the driving parts of automobiles. The system includes a refrigerant circuit and a first coolant circuit and a second coolant circuit. The refrigerant circuit comprises a compressor, a first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger operating as a condenser/gas cooler, and at least one refrigerant-air heat exchanger operating as an evaporator for conditioning the supply air of the passenger compartment, having an expansion element upstream. Designed by

When the refrigerant is liquefied during subcritical operation, for example refrigerant R134a, or under certain environmental conditions in the presence of carbon dioxide, the heat exchanger is referred to as a condenser. Part of the heat transfer takes place at a constant temperature. During supercritical operation in the heat exchanger or during supercritical heat dissipation, the refrigerant temperature steadily decreases. In this case, the heat exchanger is also referred to as a gas cooler. Supercritical operation can take place in certain environmental conditions or modes of operation of the refrigerant circuit, for example by means of refrigerant carbon dioxide.

The first coolant circuit is designed including a coolant-coolant heat exchanger of the refrigerant circuit and a coolant-air heat exchanger operating as a heating heat exchanger. The second coolant circuit comprises a drive component, in particular a coolant heat exchanger for tempering the internal combustion engine.

According to the concept of the present invention, the first coolant circuit and the second coolant circuit are formed separately from each other. The coolant circuits comprise a coolant-coolant heat exchanger for heat transfer between coolants circulating in the coolant circuits. The coolant-coolant heat exchanger is designed as a thermal connection of coolant circuits.

According to a refined example of the present invention, the refrigerant circuit comprises at least one second refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger having an expansion element upstream and operating as an evaporator for heat transfer between the refrigerant and the refrigerant for tempering the driving parts. The drive component is preferably an electric component of an electric drive train of an automobile, such as a high voltage battery or an electric motor.

At least one refrigerant-air heat exchanger for conditioning the supply air to the passenger compartment with an expansion element upstream, and a second for heat transfer between the coolant and the refrigerant for tempering of the driving part by providing an expansion element upstream for conditioning the supply air to the passenger compartment. The refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger can preferably be supplied with refrigerant in parallel and independently of each other. The refrigerant circuit includes at least two flow paths, each of the flow paths including a heat exchanger operating as an evaporator and an expansion element disposed upstream of the heat exchanger when viewed in a flow direction of the refrigerant. At least one refrigerant-air heat exchanger is disposed in the first flow path, while the refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger is provided in the second flow path. The flow paths are arranged parallel to each other, and refrigerants may be supplied individually or in parallel to each other as necessary.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant circuit includes an additional refrigerant-air heat exchanger for transferring heat from the refrigerant to the surrounding air, and the additional refrigerant-air heat exchanger comprises a first refrigerant-coolant when viewed in a flow direction of the refrigerant. It is arranged downstream of the heat exchanger. A first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger designed as a thermal connection between the refrigerant circuit and the first coolant circuit, and a refrigerant-air heat exchanger for heat transfer from the refrigerant to the surrounding air are connected in series. The refrigerant-air heat exchanger is provided downstream of the refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger when viewed in the flow direction of the refrigerant.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coolant-coolant heat exchanger for heat transfer between the coolant circulating in the coolant circuit and the coolant-air heat exchanger operating as a heating heat exchanger are sequentially in the flow direction of the coolant in the first coolant circuit. Is placed. Thus, the heat exchangers are connected in series and are preferably designed so that the coolant flows directly one after the other. Direct arrangement of the heat exchangers in turn means that the coolant in the flow path between the heat exchangers does not pass through the corresponding connection lines or additional parts of the coolant circuit, in particular for heat absorption or heat dissipation by the coolant, except for the transfer device. To avoid this, it means that the heat exchangers are connected to each other through coolant lines.

A particular advantage of the invention is that the first coolant circuit is designed including a coolant-air heat exchanger for heat transfer from the coolant to the ambient air.

The first coolant circuit preferably includes a first flow path and a second flow path, and each of the flow paths extends from a branch point to an opening point, and may be supplied with a coolant in parallel and independently of each other. A coolant-air heat exchanger for heat transfer from the coolant to the ambient air is disposed in the first flow path, and a coolant-air heat exchanger operating as a heating heat exchanger is arranged in the second flow path.

The opening or branching point of the first coolant circuit is preferably designed as a three-way valve.

According to an improved example of the invention, the second coolant circuit is designed including a coolant-air heat exchanger for heat transfer from the coolant to the ambient air.

The second coolant circuit preferably includes a first flow path and a second flow path, each of the flow paths extending from a branch point to an opening point, and may be supplied with coolant in parallel and independently of each other. A coolant-air heat exchanger for heat transfer from the coolant to the ambient air is disposed in the first flow path, and the coolant-coolant heat exchanger is disposed in the second flow path.

The branch point or opening point of the second coolant circuit is preferably designed as a three-way valve.

Refrigerant-air heat exchanger in the refrigerant circuit for heat transfer from the refrigerant to the ambient air, coolant-air heat exchanger in the first coolant circuit for heat transfer from the coolant to the ambient air, and for heat transfer from the coolant to the ambient air The coolant-air heat exchangers of the second coolant circuit can preferably be supplied with ambient air in sequence or in parallel and thus independently of each other. When the refrigerant-air heat exchanger and the coolant-air heat exchanger are arranged for the series supply of ambient air, the refrigerant-air heat exchanger is preferably disposed upstream of the coolant-air heat exchanger when viewed in the flow direction of the surrounding air, and the Ambient air is introduced into the coolant-air heat exchanger of the first coolant circuit from upstream of the coolant-air heat exchanger of the second coolant circuit.

The problem is also solved by the method according to the invention for operating the system for air conditioning in the passenger compartment and for heat transfer to the driving parts of the vehicle. This method includes the following steps:

-Transferring heat from the supply air for the passenger compartment to the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit when flowing through at least one refrigerant-air heat exchanger operated as an evaporator, and/or

-Transferring heat from the coolant to the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit when flowing through at least one refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger operating as an evaporator, and tempering, in particular cooling, at least one drive part, preferably an electric drive train. Step, and

-Transferring heat from the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit to the refrigerant circulating in the first coolant circuit when flowing through the refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger, wherein the refrigerant is desuperheated and at least partially liquefied, and the first The coolant in the coolant circuit is heated.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises the following additional steps when operating the system in cooling system mode:

-Transferring heat from the coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit to ambient air when flowing through the coolant-air heat exchanger, wherein the coolant is cooled, and

-Transferring heat from the internal combustion engine to the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit when flowing through the coolant heat exchanger, wherein the coolant in the second coolant circuit is heated, and the coolant when flowing through the coolant-air heat exchanger Transferring heat from the air to ambient air, wherein the coolant of the second coolant circuit is cooled.

According to a refinement of the invention, the method comprises the following additional steps when operating the system in the heating mode of the internal combustion engine:

-At least one partial mass flow of coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit and leading through the coolant-coolant heat exchanger, and from the partial mass flow of coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit to the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit. Transferring heat, wherein the partial mass flow of coolant in the first coolant circuit is cooled and the coolant in the second coolant circuit is heated, and

-Transferring heat from the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit to the internal combustion engine when flowing through the coolant heat exchanger, wherein the coolant in the second coolant circuit is cooled and the internal combustion engine is heated.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises the following additional steps when operating the system in a heating mode or a reheat mode:

-Transferring heat from the internal combustion engine to the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit when flowing through the coolant heat exchanger, wherein the coolant of the second coolant circuit is heated,

-Of the coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit from the partial mass flow of coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit and guiding at least one partial mass flow of the heated coolant through the coolant-coolant heat exchanger and circulating in the second coolant circuit. Transferring heat to at least one partial mass flow, wherein the partial mass flow of coolant in the second coolant circuit is cooled and the partial mass flow of coolant in the first coolant circuit is heated, and

-Guiding the partial mass flow of the heated coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit through a coolant-air heat exchanger operating as a heating heat exchanger, and transferring heat from the coolant to the supply air for the passenger compartment.

When flowing through the refrigerant-air heat exchanger, preferably heat is transferred from the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit to the surrounding air, which refrigerant is liquefied and/or supercooled.

A partial mass flow of heated coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit is guided through the coolant-air heat exchanger, and heat is transferred from the coolant to the ambient air. The partial mass flow of the heated coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit is preferably guided through the coolant-air heat exchanger, so that heat is transferred from the coolant to the ambient air.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention makes it possible to use the system in a vehicle equipped with a hybrid drive consisting of an electric motor and an internal combustion engine.

The system according to the invention with an integrated heat pump function for hybrid powered vehicles with internal combustion engines, in particular for PHEVs, has various advantages:

-In particular, when the internal combustion engine is stopped, the air supplied for the passenger compartment is energy-efficiently heated using waste heat from the refrigerant circuit.

-Pre-conditioning of the internal combustion engine and its operating means to reduce the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine and reduce exhaust gas emissions,

-Heat recovery from parts of the electric drive train,

-Maximum efficiency in operation with minimum installation space due to high waste heat utilization, modular construction, and compact design, and

-Low cost during manufacturing and maintenance and during operation.

The system, especially the refrigerant circuit, is designed for R134a, R744, R1234yf or any other refrigerant as it is independent of the refrigerant used.

Further details, features, and advantages of embodiments of the present invention are set forth in the following description of the embodiments with reference to the associated drawings. Each represents a system for air conditioning of the passenger compartment and heat transfer to the driving parts of a motor vehicle, comprising two coolant circuits connected thermally through a coolant-coolant heat exchanger.

1 shows a refrigerant circuit thermally coupled to one of the coolant circuits through a refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger including a refrigerant-air heat exchanger for transferring heat from the refrigerant to the surrounding air of a vehicle.
FIG. 2 shows the refrigerant circuit of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 without a refrigerant-air heat exchanger for transferring heat from the refrigerant to the surrounding air.

1 and 2, respectively, refrigerant with heat exchangers 7, 8, 9 operating as evaporators for conditioning the supply air of the passenger compartment and in particular the drive parts of the electric drive train of the motor vehicle, for example batteries or electric motors. A system 1a, 1b for air conditioning in the passenger compartment and heat transfer to the driving parts of the vehicle comprising circuits 2a, 2b and likewise a first coolant circuit 3 for conditioning the supply air in the passenger compartment. Shows. The first coolant circuit 3 is thermally coupled with the refrigerant circuits 2a and 2b through the refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 6 to transfer heat, and the second coolant circuit ( 4) and heat-coupled.

The second coolant circuit 4 is designed for heat transfer between the internal combustion engine and the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit 4, and thus serves to temper the internal combustion engine as necessary as an additional driving part of the vehicle. The second coolant circuit 4 does not have direct thermal connection with the refrigerant circuits 2a and 2b.

The fluidically separated coolant circuits 3 and 4 of the systems 1a and 1b are supplied with different coolants, each independently of one another. The coolants are assigned to one of the coolant circuits 3 and 4 respectively, so that depending on the mode of operation, the coolant does not circulate in the first coolant circuit 3 and the second coolant circuit 4. The coolant circuits 3 and 4 are completely separated from each other in flow technology.

The refrigerant circuits 2a and 2b include a compressor 5 for sucking and compressing the refrigerant. The compressed and superheated gaseous refrigerant is guided to a first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 6 that operates as a coolant-cooled condenser/gas cooler. When flowing through the first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 6, heat is transferred from the refrigerant to the coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit 3. In this case, the refrigerant is desuperheated and liquefied as needed and depending on the operating mode of the systems 1a, 1b, and optionally supercooled. The refrigerant circuits 2a and 2b are thermally coupled with the first coolant circuit 3 through a first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 6.

After discharge from the first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger (6), liquid refrigerant is required at the first branch point (13) and the second branch point (15) downstream of the first branch point (13) as viewed in the flow direction of the refrigerant. It can be divided into 1 to 3 flow paths according to. Each flow path comprises an expansion element (10, 11, 12) and a heat exchanger (7, 8, 9) operating as an evaporator. The partial mass flow of the refrigerant guided through the flow path is recombined at either the first opening point 14 or the second opening point 16 and is sucked by the compressor 5 as a common refrigerant mass flow. The refrigerant circuits 2a and 2b are closed. The flow paths, each designed including an evaporator, are supplied with refrigerant individually or jointly and in parallel as required. The proportion of partial mass flow can be 0 to 100% as desired.

At the first branch point 13, the mass flow of the refrigerant may be divided into a first partial mass flow guided through the first flow path and a second partial mass flow guided through the second flow path. In the first flow path, a first refrigerant-air heat exchanger 7 operating as an evaporator is disposed with the first expansion element 10 connected upstream when viewed in the flow direction of the refrigerant, while in the second flow path, A second refrigerant-air heat exchanger 8 operating as an evaporator is arranged with a second expansion element 11 connected upstream when viewed in the flow direction of the refrigerant. The first partial mass flow and the second partial mass flow of the refrigerant are mixed with each other at the first opening point 14.

The refrigerant that evaporates as it flows through the respective refrigerant-air heat exchangers 7 and 8 absorbs the heat of the air mass flow to be supplied to the passenger compartment. In this case, the air mass flow is dehumidified and/or cooled. The first refrigerant-air heat exchanger 7 is disposed in the air conditioner for conditioning the supply air mass flow supplied into the front area of the passenger compartment, while the second refrigerant-air heat exchanger 8 is disposed in the rear area of the passenger compartment. It is placed in an air conditioner for conditioning of the feed air mass flow fed into it.

At the second branch point 15, the mass flow of the refrigerant may be divided into a second partial mass flow guided through the second flow path and a third partial mass flow guided through the third flow path. In the third flow path, a second refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 9, which likewise operates as an evaporator, is arranged with a third expansion element 12 connected upstream when viewed in the flow direction of the refrigerant. The third partial mass flow of refrigerant mixes with the remaining mass flow at the second opening point 16.

The refrigerant that evaporates when flowing through the second refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 9 absorbs the heat of the coolant circulating in an additional coolant circuit (not shown). In this case, the coolant is cooled. A second refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 9, also called a chiller, is connected to the coolant circuit via a connection 19 for tempering a battery, for example a high-pressure battery, or an electric drive motor of a PHEV.

A coolant circuit (not shown) connected to the low pressure side of the refrigerant circuits 2a, 2b at the connection 19 to the systems 1a, 1b cools the battery when the ambient temperature value is high and reduces the temperature of the battery to a predetermined limit value. It acts to keep it below. Coolant circuits, also called coolers, can be used to recover waste heat from components of the electric drive train. Heat is evaporation heat and is transferred to the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuits 2a and 2b. In this way, in addition to the possible heating capacity, the efficiency of the systems 1a, 1b is maximized.

In order to prevent the partial mass flow of the refrigerant guided through the third flow path from flowing back into the first or second flow path, a check device 17, in particular a check valve, has a first opening point 14 and a second opening point ( 16) provided between.

In the embodiment of the system 1a according to FIG. 1, a first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 6 and a first branch point 13 designed as thermal coupling means between the refrigerant circuit 2a and the first coolant circuit 3 In between, a third refrigerant-air heat exchanger 18 for transferring heat from the refrigerant to the surrounding air is disposed.

After the refrigerant flows out of the first refrigerant/coolant heat exchanger 6 operating as a condenser/gas cooler, it is guided in particular to a third refrigerant-air heat exchanger 18 operating as a sub-cooler/gas cooler. When flowing through the third refrigerant-air heat exchanger 18 and dissipating heat from the refrigerant to the surrounding air, the refrigerant is extinguished depending on conditions, needs and modes of operation, for example in the first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 6. In the case of little or no transfer, supercooling or overheating is reduced, resulting in liquefaction and, in some cases, supercooling.

The first coolant circuit 3 is a first conveying device designed as a coolant pump for circulating the coolant in addition to the aforementioned first coolant-coolant heat exchanger 6 operating as a condenser/gas cooler in the coolant circuits 2a and 2b. (20), a first coolant-air heat exchanger (21) for heat transfer between the coolant and ambient air, in particular from the coolant to the ambient air, a second coolant-air heat exchanger for heat transfer from the coolant to the supply air for the passenger compartment. And a coolant-coolant heat exchanger 27 as thermal coupling means with the group 26 and the second coolant circuit 4.

At the branch point 24 arranged downstream as viewed in the flow direction of the coolant of the first conveying device 20, the mass flow of the coolant is a first partial mass flow and a second flow path guided through the first flow path 22 ( 23) can be divided into a second partial mass flow guided through. The first coolant-air heat exchanger 21 is disposed in the first flow path 22, while the coolant-coolant heat exchanger 27 and the second coolant-air in the flow direction of the coolant in the second flow path 23 A heat exchanger 26 is arranged. The first partial mass flow and the second partial mass flow of the coolant are mixed with each other at the opening point 25, which is specially designed as a three-way valve and then sucked through the first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 6.

The first coolant-air heat exchanger 21 is a coolant-cooled first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 6 for transferring heat from the refrigerant to the coolant, and a heating heat exchanger for transferring heat from the coolant to the supply air for the passenger compartment. It is connected directly to the second coolant-air heat exchanger 26, which is operated as, and is configured to transfer heat from the coolant to the ambient air.

Inside the air conditioner, in particular a second coolant-air heat exchanger 26 is provided for conditioning the feed air mass flow supplied into the front area of the passenger compartment. The first refrigerant-air heat exchanger 7 operating as an evaporator of the refrigerant circuits 2a and 2b is upstream of the second coolant-air heat exchanger 26 operating as a heating heat exchanger when viewed in the flow direction of the supply air. The first refrigerant-air heat exchanger 7 is arranged so that, for example, in the systems 1a, 1b operated in heating mode, in the systems 1a, 1b, in which the supply air for the passenger compartment is heated or operated in reheating mode, The supply air for the passenger compartment that is dehumidified and/or cooled when flowing through may be heated again.

The second coolant circuit 4 is a second conveying device 30 designed as a coolant pump for circulating the coolant, in addition to the coolant-coolant heat exchanger 27 described above as thermal coupling means for the first coolant circuit 3 , A coolant heat exchanger 31 for tempering of an internal combustion engine, and a third coolant-air heat exchanger 32 for heat transfer between the coolant and the ambient air, in particular from the coolant to the ambient air.

The coolant heat exchanger 31 for tempering the internal combustion engine is disposed downstream of the second conveying device 30 when viewed in the flow direction of the coolant. At the branch point 35 connected downstream as viewed in the flow direction of the coolant, in particular designed as a three-way valve, the mass flow of the coolant is guided through the first flow path 33 and the first partial mass flow and the second flow path 34 It can be divided into a second partial mass flow guided through. A third coolant-air heat exchanger 32 is disposed in the first flow path 33, while a coolant-coolant heat exchanger 27 is disposed in the second flow path 34. The first partial mass flow and the second partial mass flow of coolant are mixed with each other at the opening point 36 and then sucked through the second conveying device 30.

Thus, the third coolant-air heat exchanger 32 is directly connected to the coolant heat exchanger 31 for tempering the internal combustion engine, in particular for transferring heat from the internal combustion engine to the coolant, and transfers heat from the coolant to the surrounding air. Is configured to The second coolant circuit 4 does not have a direct fluid connection with the second coolant-air heat exchanger 26 arranged in the first coolant circuit 3 and operated as a heating heat exchanger.

By designing the opening point 25 in the first coolant circuit 3 and the branch point 35 in the second coolant circuit 4 as a three-way valve, the coolants circulating in the coolant circuit 3, 4 on the one hand Heat transfer between the coolant-coolant heat exchanger 27 is possible. On the other hand, the coolant circuits 3 and 4 can be operated independently and separately.

A third refrigerant-air heat exchanger 18 in the refrigerant circuit 2a, a first coolant-air heat exchanger 21 in the first coolant circuit 3, and a second coolant designed for heat transfer with ambient air. The third coolant-air heat exchanger 32 of the circuit 4 is arranged in the flow direction 37 of the ambient air in the order presented. As the first heat exchanger, ambient air is introduced into the third refrigerant-air heat exchanger 18 of the refrigerant circuit 2a. In the refrigerant circuit 2b of the system 1b according to Fig. 2, the third refrigerant-air heat exchanger 18 of the refrigerant circuit 2a is omitted.

During the operation of the system (1a, 1b) for air conditioning in the passenger compartment and heat transfer to the driving parts of the vehicle in the cooling system mode, the first refrigerant-air heat exchanger (7) or the second refrigerant-air heat exchanger (8) From the supply air for the passenger compartment to the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuits 2a, 2b or from at least one part of the electric drive train in the second refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 9 in the refrigerant circuits 2a, 2b Heat transferred to the refrigerant is transferred to the coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit 3 at least proportionally in the first coolant-coolant heat exchanger 6. When the refrigerant circuit 2a having the third refrigerant-air heat exchanger 18 is formed, some or all of the heat of the refrigerant may be directly transferred to the surrounding air.

When flowing through the first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 6 operating as a refrigerant condenser/gas cooler, the heated coolant transfers heat from the coolant to the surrounding air, the first flow path of the first coolant circuit 3 (22) and thus through a first coolant-air heat exchanger (21).

Further, when flowing through the coolant heat exchanger 31, heat is transferred from the internal combustion engine to the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit 4. The heated coolant is guided through the first flow path 33 of the second coolant circuit 4 and thus the third coolant-air heat exchanger 32 to transfer heat from the coolant to the ambient air. With systems 1a, 1b, large heat output is achieved when operating in cooling system mode.

When operating the systems 1a, 1b in heating or reheating mode, the waste heat of the air conditioning system, in particular supply air for the passenger compartment in the first refrigerant-air heat exchanger (7) or the second refrigerant-air heat exchanger (8) Heat transferred from at least one part of the electric drive train to the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuits 2a and 2b and from the second refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 9 to the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuits 2a and 2b. Alternatively, the heat released from the internal combustion engine can be used to heat the supply air for the passenger compartment.

At least one partial mass flow of the heated coolant when flowing through the first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 6 operating as a condenser/gas cooler for the refrigerant is used to transfer heat from the coolant to the supply air for the passenger compartment. It is guided through a second flow path 23 of the coolant circuit 3 and thus a second coolant-air heat exchanger 26 which operates as a heating heat exchanger.

Additionally or alternatively, at least one partial mass flow of the heated coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit 4 when flowing through the coolant heat exchanger 31 is reduced to the coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit 3. In order to transfer heat, it is guided through the second flow path 34 of the second coolant circuit 4 and thus the coolant-coolant heat exchanger 27. The coolant in the first coolant circuit 3, which is heated as it flows through the coolant-coolant heat exchanger 27, is a second coolant-air acting as a heating heat exchanger for heat transfer from the coolant to the supply air for the passenger compartment. It is guided through heat exchanger 26.

Thus, especially when operating the systems 1a, 1b in the heating mode of the supply air for the passenger compartment, the waste heat of the internal combustion engine and the waste heat of the air conditioning system can be used to heat the supply air for the passenger compartment. When used together with waste heat, the supply air and thus the air in the passenger compartment can be heated much faster.

In addition, the coolant-coolant heat exchanger 27 transfers heat from the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit 4 to the coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit 3 and from the coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit 3. It enables heat transfer to the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit 4. Since heat between the coolant of the air conditioning system circulating in the first coolant circuit (3) and the coolant of the internal combustion engine circulating in the second coolant circuit (4) can be transferred in both directions, the waste heat of the air conditioning system is used for the passenger compartment. It can be used not only to heat the supply air, but also to heat internal combustion engines at low ambient temperatures. Each high waste heat utilization is achieved.

At least one partial mass flow of the heated coolant when flowing through the first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 6 operating as a condenser/gas cooler for refrigerant is from the coolant of the first coolant circuit 3 to the second coolant circuit ( It is guided through the second flow path 23 of the first coolant circuit 3 and thus the coolant-coolant heat exchanger 27 for heat transfer to the coolant of 4). The coolant in the second coolant circuit 4, which is heated when flowing through the coolant-coolant heat exchanger 27, is guided through the coolant heat exchanger 31 to transfer heat from the coolant to the internal combustion engine.

1a, 1b: system 2a, 2b: refrigerant circuit
3: first coolant circuit 4: second coolant circuit
5: Compressor 6: First refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger
7: first refrigerant-air heat exchanger 8: second refrigerant-air heat exchanger
9: second refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 10: first expansion element
11: second expansion element 12: third expansion element
13: first branch point 14: first opening point
15: second branch point 16: second opening point
17: check device 18: third refrigerant-air heat exchanger
19: connection of the coolant circuit of the electric drive train
20: first conveying device of the first coolant circuit 3
21: first coolant-air heat exchanger
22: first flow path of the first coolant circuit 3
23: the second flow path of the first coolant circuit 3
24: branch point of the first coolant circuit 3
25: opening point of the first coolant circuit 3
26: second coolant-air heat exchanger
27: coolant-coolant heat exchanger
30: second transfer device of the second coolant circuit 4
31: coolant heat exchanger of an internal combustion engine
32: third coolant-air heat exchanger
33: the first flow path of the second coolant circuit 4
34: the second flow path of the second coolant circuit 4
35: branch point of the second coolant circuit 4
36: opening point of the second coolant circuit 4
37: flow direction of ambient air

Claims (19)

As a system (1a, 1b) for air conditioning in a passenger compartment and heat transfer to a driving part of a vehicle,
-A compressor (5), a first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger (6) operating as a condenser/gas cooler and an expansion element (10, 11) upstream, operating as an evaporator for conditioning the supply air of the passenger compartment. Refrigerant circuits (2a, 2b) with at least one refrigerant-air heat exchanger (7, 8),
-A first coolant circuit (3) having the first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger (6) and a coolant-air heat exchanger (26) operating as a heating heat exchanger, and
-Comprising a second coolant circuit 4 with a coolant heat exchanger 31 for tempering the driving part,
The first coolant circuit 3 and the second coolant circuit 4 are formed separately from each other, and a coolant-coolant heat exchanger 27 for heat transfer between coolants circulating in the coolant circuits 3 and 4 System (1a, 1b), characterized in that it comprises.
At least one second refrigerant according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant circuit (2a, 2b) has an expansion element (12) upstream to operate as an evaporator for heat transfer between the coolant and the refrigerant for tempering the driving parts- System (1a, 1b), characterized in that it comprises a coolant heat exchanger (9).
The at least one refrigerant-air heat exchanger (7, 8) for conditioning the supply air of the passenger compartment with the expansion element (10, 11) upstream and the expansion element (12) upstream. ), the second refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger (9) is arranged to receive refrigerant in parallel and independently of each other.
The coolant-air heat exchanger (26) according to claim 1, operating as a heat exchanger and the coolant-coolant heat exchanger (27) for heat transfer between coolant circulating in the coolant circuits (3, 4). System (1a, 1b), characterized in that the first coolant circuit (3) is arranged in sequence in the flow direction of the coolant.
The system (1a, 1b) according to claim 2, characterized in that the first coolant circuit (3) comprises a coolant-air heat exchanger (21) for heat transfer from the coolant to the ambient air.
The method of claim 5, wherein the first coolant circuit (3) comprises a first flow path (22) and a second flow path (23), and the flow paths are formed by extending from the branch point (24) to the opening point (25), respectively. The coolant-air heat exchanger 21 for heat transfer from the coolant to the surrounding air is disposed in the first flow path 22 and is arranged to receive the coolant in parallel and independently of each other. The system (1a, 1b), characterized in that the coolant-air heat exchanger (26) operated as a group is arranged in the second flow path (23).
System (1a, 1b) according to claim 6, characterized in that the opening point (25) of the first coolant circuit (3) is designed as a three-way valve.
System (1a, 1b) according to claim 5, characterized in that the second coolant circuit (4) comprises a coolant-air heat exchanger (32) for heat transfer from the coolant to the ambient air.
The method according to claim 8, wherein the second coolant circuit (4) includes a first flow path (33) and a second flow path (34), and the flow paths are formed by extending from the branch point (35) to the opening point (36), respectively. The coolant-air heat exchanger 32 for heat transfer from the coolant to the surrounding air is disposed in the first flow path 33, and the coolant- The system (1a, 1b), characterized in that a coolant heat exchanger (27) is arranged in the second flow path (34).
System (1a, 1b) according to claim 9, characterized in that the branch point (35) of the second coolant circuit (4) is designed as a three-way valve.
The method of claim 8, wherein the refrigerant circuit (2a) comprises a refrigerant-air heat exchanger (18) for transferring heat from the refrigerant to the surrounding air, and the refrigerant-air heat exchanger (18) is in a flow direction of the refrigerant. System (1a), characterized in that it is arranged downstream of the first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger (6) when viewed.
A method of operating a system (1a, 1b) for air conditioning in a passenger compartment and for heat transfer to a driving part of a motor vehicle according to claim 8, comprising:
-Transferring heat from the supply air for the passenger compartment to the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuits 2a, 2b when flowing through at least one refrigerant-air heat exchanger 7, 8 operated as an evaporator, and/or
-When flowing through at least one second refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 9 operating as an evaporator, heat is transferred from the coolant to the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuits 2a and 2b, and at least one driving component is tempered. And
-Transferring heat from the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuits 2a and 2b to the refrigerant circulating in the first refrigerant circuit 3 when flowing through the first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 6, wherein the refrigerant Characterized in that it comprises the step of desuperheating and at least partially liquefying, the coolant of the first coolant circuit (3) being heated.
The method according to claim 12, wherein when operating the system (1a, 1b) in a cooling system mode,
-A step of transferring heat from the coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit (3) to the surrounding air when flowing through the coolant-air heat exchanger (21), wherein the coolant in the first coolant circuit (3) is cooled. Step, and
-Transferring heat from the internal combustion engine to the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit 4 when flowing through the coolant heat exchanger 31, wherein the coolant in the second coolant circuit 4 is heated, and
-Transferring heat from the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit 4 to the ambient air when flowing through the coolant-air heat exchanger 32, wherein the coolant in the second coolant circuit 4 is cooled. A method of operating a system, characterized in that it comprises a step.
The method of claim 12, wherein when operating the system (1a, 1b) in the heating mode of the internal combustion engine,
-The portion of the coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit 3 and guiding at least one partial mass flow of the heated coolant through the coolant-coolant heat exchanger 27 and circulating in the first coolant circuit 3 Transferring heat from the mass flow to the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit (4), wherein the partial mass flow of coolant in the first coolant circuit (3) is cooled and the second coolant circuit (4) is The coolant is heated, and
-Transferring heat from the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit 4 to the internal combustion engine when flowing through the coolant heat exchanger 31, wherein the coolant in the second coolant circuit 4 is cooled, Characterized in that the internal combustion engine is heated.
The method according to claim 12, wherein when operating the system (1a, 1b) in a heating mode or a reheat mode,
-Transferring heat from the internal combustion engine to the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit 4 when flowing through the coolant heat exchanger 31, wherein the coolant in the second coolant circuit 4 is heated,
-The portion of the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit 4 and guiding at least one partial mass flow of the heated coolant through the coolant-coolant heat exchanger 27 and circulating in the second coolant circuit 4 Transferring heat from the mass flow to at least one partial mass flow of coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit (3), wherein the partial mass flow of coolant in the second coolant circuit (4) is cooled and 1 said partial mass flow of coolant in coolant circuit 3 is heated, and
-Guide the partial mass flow of the heated coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit 3 through a coolant-air heat exchanger 26 operating as a heating heat exchanger, and from the coolant of the first coolant circuit 3 A method of operating a system comprising the step of transferring heat to the supply air for the passenger compartment.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the partial mass flow of the heated coolant circulating in the first coolant circuit (3) is guided through a coolant-air heat exchanger (21), and the heat is directed to the coolant of the first coolant circuit (3). A method of operating the system, characterized in that it is transferred from to the ambient air.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the partial mass flow of the heated coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit (4) is guided through the coolant-air heat exchanger (32), and the heat is directed to the coolant of the second coolant circuit (4). A method of operating the system, characterized in that it is transferred from to the ambient air.
A method of operating a system (1a, 1b) for air conditioning in a passenger compartment and heat transfer to a driving part of a motor vehicle according to claim 11, comprising:
-Transferring heat from the supply air for the passenger compartment to the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuits 2a, 2b when flowing through at least one refrigerant-air heat exchanger 7, 8 operated as an evaporator, and/or
-When flowing through at least one second refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 9 operating as an evaporator, heat is transferred from the coolant to the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuits 2a and 2b, and at least one driving component is tempered. And
-Transferring heat from the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuits 2a and 2b to the refrigerant circulating in the first refrigerant circuit 3 when flowing through the first refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger 6, wherein the refrigerant Desuperheating and at least partially liquefied, the coolant of the first coolant circuit 3 is heated,
When flowing through the refrigerant-air heat exchanger 18, heat is transferred from the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 2a to the surrounding air, and the refrigerant is liquefied and/or supercooled. .
12. Use of the system (1a, 1b) according to any one of claims 1 to 11 in a motor vehicle with a hybrid drive comprising an electric motor and an internal combustion engine.

Images