KR20200087622A - The Using Method of Gypsum for Cement Raw Material - Google Patents

The Using Method of Gypsum for Cement Raw Material Download PDF

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KR20200087622A
KR20200087622A KR1020190004174A KR20190004174A KR20200087622A KR 20200087622 A KR20200087622 A KR 20200087622A KR 1020190004174 A KR1020190004174 A KR 1020190004174A KR 20190004174 A KR20190004174 A KR 20190004174A KR 20200087622 A KR20200087622 A KR 20200087622A
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gypsum
cement
raw material
cao
sulfuric acid
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KR1020190004174A
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Korean (ko)
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규 재 유
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규 재 유
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
    • C01F11/02—Oxides or hydroxides
    • C01F11/08—Oxides or hydroxides by reduction of sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B11/00—Calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B11/002—Mixtures of different CaSO4-modifications, e.g. plaster of Paris and anhydrite, used as cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/48—Sulfur dioxide; Sulfurous acid
    • C01B17/50—Preparation of sulfur dioxide
    • C01B17/501—Preparation of sulfur dioxide by reduction of sulfur compounds
    • C01B17/506—Preparation of sulfur dioxide by reduction of sulfur compounds of calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/69—Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
    • C01B17/74—Preparation
    • C01B17/76—Preparation by contact processes
    • C01B17/775—Liquid phase contacting processes or wet catalysis processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B11/00—Calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B11/26—Calcium sulfate cements strating from chemical gypsum; starting from phosphogypsum or from waste, e.g. purification products of smoke
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B11/00—Calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B11/26—Calcium sulfate cements strating from chemical gypsum; starting from phosphogypsum or from waste, e.g. purification products of smoke
    • C04B11/262—Calcium sulfate cements strating from chemical gypsum; starting from phosphogypsum or from waste, e.g. purification products of smoke waste gypsum other than phosphogypsum
    • C04B11/264—Gypsum from the desulfurisation of flue gases

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to use of gypsum as a raw material of cement. According to the present invention, gypsum (CaSO_4) is pyrolyzed (CaO + SO_3) with a firing heat source of a process for manufacturing cement, and CaO is used as a main ingredient of cement raw materials, while SO_3 evacuated in the form of gas is subjected to a vapor phase reaction with water to prepare sulfuric acid. Therefore, the problem of disposal of gypsum generated as a byproduct in a large amount is solved through the use of a large amount of gypsum as a substitute for limestone which is a main ingredient of cement. When a sulfuric acid recovery system is added to a conventional cement plant, limestone can be substituted with gypsum, emission of CO_2 can be reduced, and sulfuric acid can be produced as a byproduct.

Description

석고를 시멘트 원료로 이용하는 방법{The Using Method of Gypsum for Cement Raw Material}The Using Method of Gypsum for Cement Raw Material

석고의 성분은 CaSO4로 호수등의 증발잔류암인 천연석고와 화학공정 으로 생성되는 화학석고로 분류되며 화학석고는 인광석으로 인산 제조시 부산되는 인산석고와 화력발전소등 배연유황을 탄산칼슘으로 포집하여 생성되는 배연 탈황석고 및 티탄과 불산 제조시 부산되는 티탄석고, 불산석고 및 기타 석고로 이루어진다. 석고는 함수량에 의해 무수(경)석고, 반수석고, 2수석고로 구분된 다. 화학석고는 일부 정제하여 산업용 소재로 이용되나 품질과 경제성 으로 제한적이어 매립 또는 야적 보관되어 유지비 및 환경문제가 발생될 수 있다. 석고의 주용도는 시멘트 응결지연제, 건축 내외장재, 보드(Board), 도자기와 주물의 형재(型材), 고무와 Plastic등의 충진제, 몰탈용, 살충제등의 희석제, 연마제 용도로 사용되고 있다.The composition of the gypsum is classified as natural gypsum, which is evaporated residual rock, such as lake, and chemical gypsum, which is generated by a chemical process with CaSO 4 , and chemical gypsum is phosphate ore, which collects flue sulfur, such as phosphate gypsum and thermal power plants, which are produced by phosphate, as calcium carbonate It is composed of flue gas desulfurization gypsum and titanium and gypsum which are by-products when producing hydrofluoric acid and other gypsum. Gypsum is classified into anhydrous (light) gypsum, semi-gypsum gypsum, and 2-gypsum by water content. Chemical gypsum is partially refined and used as an industrial material, but due to its limited quality and economic efficiency, it can be stored or buried, which can cause maintenance costs and environmental problems. The main use of gypsum is used as a cement setting retarder, interior and exterior materials for construction, boards, molds for ceramics and castings, fillers such as rubber and plastic, diluents for mortars, insecticides, and abrasives.

시멘트는 석회석, 점토, 철광석, 규석, 반토혈암, Fly-Ash, Shale등의 원료 에서 주 성분 산화칼슘(CaO)과 부성분 산화철(Fe2O3),산화알루미늄(Al2O3), 이산화규소 (SiO2) 4성분을 배합하여 170mesh 정도의 입도로 분쇄하여 혼분을 제조하고 혼분을 소성로 (Kiln)에서 1450℃ 소성하여 크링카(Clinker)를 제조 하고 석고를 3~5% 혼합하여 325mesh로 분쇄하여 시멘트를 제조한다.Cement is composed of limestone, clay, iron ore, silica, alumina, Fly-Ash, and shale as the main component of calcium oxide (CaO), sub-component iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) 4 components are blended to grind to a particle size of about 170 mesh to prepare a blend, and the blend is fired at 1450°C in a kiln to prepare a clinker, and 3 to 5% of gypsum is mixed and crushed to 325 mesh. To make cement.

석고(CaSO4+물)는 163℃에서 물이 분리되어 무수석고로 되며 1400℃ 에서 산화칼슘 (CaO)과 SO3(기체)로 분해된다. 본 고안은 별도의 열원없이 시멘트 소성로의 열로 석고를 열분해하여 시멘트의 주성분 산화칼슘 (CaO)대체원료로 이용하고 배출 되는 SO3가스를 물과 기액 반응으로 용이하게 황산을 제조하며 석회석의 탄산가스(CO2) In gypsum (CaSO 4 + water), water is separated at 163℃ to become anhydrous gypsum, and decomposed into calcium oxide (CaO) and SO 3 (gas) at 1400℃. This design uses pyrolysis of gypsum with the heat of a cement kiln without a separate heat source and uses it as a main raw material for calcium oxide (CaO) as a substitute for cement and easily produces sulfuric acid by reacting the discharged SO 3 gas with water and gaseous carbon dioxide in limestone ( CO 2 )

배출이 없어 배기를 청정하게 시멘트를 제조할 수 있다.Since there is no discharge, it is possible to manufacture cement cleanly.

인광석의 주성분은 석회(CaO) 45~50%와 인산(P2O5) 30~35%로 구성되며 인산은 인광석을 2mmØ 이하로 분쇄하고 혼합반응기에서 황산과 반응하면 석고(CaSO4)와 인산 (H3PO4 Ortho-phosphoric acid)이 되며 여과하여 인산을 분리하고 석고는 2수석고로 반응하여 매립 또는 적치되며 인산량의 약 5배량 부산된다. 화력발전소등 연소가스에 함유되는 SOx(SO2, SO3)를 탄산칼슘으로 건식 또는 습식으로 반응하면 석고로 탈황되어 침전된다. The main components of phosphate ore are composed of 45-50% of lime (CaO) and 30-35% of phosphoric acid (P 2 O 5 ). Phosphoric acid crushes phosphate ore to 2 mmØ or less and reacts with sulfuric acid in a mixed reactor to produce gypsum (CaSO 4 ) and phosphoric acid. (H 3 PO 4 Ortho-phosphoric acid), filtered to separate phosphoric acid, and the gypsum reacts with dihydrate gypsum to be buried or deposited, and is about 5 times the amount of phosphoric acid. When dry or wet reaction of SO x (SO 2 , SO 3 ) contained in combustion gas such as thermal power plants with calcium carbonate is performed, it is precipitated by desulfurization with gypsum.

인광반응식 : CaO + P2O5 + H2SO4 + 2H2O → CaSO4 + 2H3PO4 Phosphorescence reaction formula: CaO + P 2 O 5 + H 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O → CaSO 4 + 2H 3 PO 4

탈황반응식 : CaCO3 + SO3 → CaSO4 + CO2↑Desulfurization reaction formula: CaCO 3 + SO 3 → CaSO 4 + CO 2 ↑

석회석은 약900℃ 부터 탈탄산(CO2↑)되어 산화칼슘(CaO)이 되고 부성분과 융합되어 크링카의 주요 수경성 화합물인 C3S(Alite 3CaO.SiO2), C2S(Belite 2CaO.SiO2), C3A (Aluminate Phase 3CaO.Al2 O3), C4AF(Ferrite Phase 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3)가 생성된다. 보통시멘트의 조성은 대략 C3S 52, C2S 23, C3A 9, C3AF 10, 석고 3~5%로 조성된다.Limestone is decarbonized from about 900℃ (CO 2 ↑) to become calcium oxide (CaO) and fused with sub-components, C 3 S (Alite 3CaO.SiO 2 ), C 2 S (Belite 2CaO. SiO 2 ), C 3 A (Aluminate Phase 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 ), C 4 AF (Ferrite Phase 4CaO.Al 2 O 3 .Fe 2 O 3 ) are produced. The composition of ordinary cement is approximately C 3 S 52, C 2 S 23, C 3 A 9, C 3 AF 10, plaster 3~5%.

보통시멘트 크링카의 혼분원단위는 1.56~1.60 내외이며 혼분의 성분조성은 CaCO3(석회석)77.7%, Al2O3(점토)9.6%, SiO2(규석)10.6%, Fe2O3(철광석)2.1% 내외 이며 원료의 성분함량에 따라 가감 조정된다. 주원료 석회석의 성분은 CaCO3, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO로 구성됨으로 시멘트원료 조성과 근사한 성분의 석회석은 단일 원료로 시멘트제조가 가능하며 규석, 점토 및 철광석의 부성분 원료도 부분적 첨가 없이 시멘트원료로 사용될 수 있다. 원료배합비율에 의해 보통시멘트, 조강시멘트, 중용열시멘트, 저열시멘트 등으로 제조된다. 대부분의 시멘트공장은 대부분 보통시멘트 (Ordinary Portland Cement)를 생산한다.The normal cement clinker has a blending unit of 1.56 to 1.60, and the composition of the blend is CaCO 3 (limestone) 77.7%, Al 2 O 3 (clay) 9.6%, SiO 2 (silica) 10.6%, Fe 2 O 3 ( Iron ore) is around 2.1%, and is adjusted according to the ingredient content of raw materials. The main raw material is composed of CaCO 3 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , and MgO. Limestone with a composition similar to that of the cement raw material can be manufactured as a single raw material, and can be manufactured as a single raw material. It can also be used as a cement raw material without partial addition. It is made of ordinary cement, crude steel cement, medium heat cement, low heat cement, etc. by the raw material mixing ratio. Most cement factories mostly produce Ordinary Portland Cement.

1. 포틀랜드시멘트와 주요 수경성 화합물(저자 최상흘)1. Portland Cement and major hydraulic compounds (author Sang-Hil Choi) 2. セメント.セツコウ.石灰 ハンドブック 無機マテリアル學會編 技報堂出版2. セメント.セツコウ.石灰 HANDBUCK 無機MATARIAL SCHOOL 技報堂出版

화학석고는 주성분 CaSO4 95%, SiO2 2%, 기타 3% 내외로 조성되며 CaO 41.19%와 SO3 58.81% 로 구성된다. 석고를 시멘트원료의 CaO 성분으로 이용할 수 있도록 시멘트제조의 소성열로 SO3와 불순물 P2O5, K2O, F 성분을 분해 승화하여 기체로 제거하며 SO3가스는 환경물질임으로 회수하여 자원화 하는 방안을 고안하고 저 한다.Chemical gypsum is the main component is CaSO 4 95%, SiO 2 2 %, and other compositions to and from 3% consists of CaO 41. 19% with SO 3 58. 81%. Decomposition and sublimation of SO 3 and impurities P 2 O 5 , K 2 O, and F components through the calcination heat of cement production so that gypsum can be used as the CaO component of the cement raw material, and removed as gas as SO 3 gas is an environmental material, and is recycled. I devise a plan to do it and I do it.

시멘트제조의 소성공정 온도는 400~700℃ 온도대 에서 점토등 원료의 수분이 탈수되고 700~900℃ 온도대 에서 석회석은 탈탄산(CaCO3→CaO+CO2↑)되어 CaO로 되어 700~1300℃에서 부성분과 수경성화합물 C2S, C3A 및 C4AF의 생성반응이 이루어지고 1300℃ 부터 C3S가 생성되어 수경성화합물 조성이 완성된다.The temperature of the calcination process of cement production is dehydrated from raw materials such as clay at a temperature range of 400~700℃, and limestone is decarbonized (CaCO 3 →CaO+CO 2 ↑) at a temperature range of 700~900℃ to become CaO 700~1300 The reaction of formation of subcomponents and hydraulic compounds C 2 S, C 3 A and C 4 AF at ℃ is made and C 3 S is generated from 1300 ℃ to complete the composition of hydraulic compounds.

시멘트제조 소성온도는 예열탑(Pre-heating tower)에서 약 900℃ 가열되고 소성로 소성대(Sinter zone)에서 1450℃로 가열되어 수경성화합물인 크링카 (Clinker)광물이 완성되어 냉각기로 배출된다. 석고는 163℃에서 탈수되고 1400℃ 부터 CaO 와 SO3로 열분해 되고 P2O5는 563℃에서 K2O는 1320℃ 에서 분해됨으로 원료조합시 열분해 후 잔류 CaO량으로 혼분성분을 배합하여 석회석 대신 화학석고로 시멘트제조가 가능하다. The cement production firing temperature is heated to about 900℃ in the pre-heating tower and heated to 1450℃ in the firing furnace sinter zone to complete the hydraulic compound Clinker mineral and discharge it to the cooler. Gypsum is dehydrated at 163℃, thermally decomposed to CaO and SO 3 from 1400℃, and P 2 O 5 is decomposed at 563℃ to K 2 O at 1320℃. It is possible to manufacture cement with chemical gypsum.

시멘트 소성로에서 배출되는 SO3가스는 집진 후 Scrubber로 유도하여 분무등 물과 기액반응(SO3+H2O → H2SO4)하여 황산으로 회수한다. 황산의 농도는 유황광을 연소하여 SO3가스를 Scrubber에서 물과 합성하여 황산을 제조하는 방법과 같이 용이하게 99% 까지 상품화 농도로 회수할 수 있다. After the SO 3 gas discharged from the cement kiln is collected, it is guided to a scrubber and reacted with water such as spray (SO 3 +H 2 O → H 2 SO 4 ) to recover as sulfuric acid. The concentration of sulfuric acid can be easily recovered to a commercialization concentration of up to 99%, such as a method of producing sulfuric acid by burning sulfur ore and synthesizing SO 3 gas with water in a scrubber.

석고를 시멘트원료의 석회석 대체원료로 대량 사용이 가능하여 양산되는 화학석고를 재활용하여 화학석고의 매립 또는 저장에 따른 환경등의 문제를 해소할 수 있으며 시멘트공장은 석회석 열분해의 CO2방출이 없음으로 지구 온난화물을 저감하며 배기의 SO3를 황산으로 회수하여 상품화가 가능하다.Gypsum can be used in large quantities as a substitute for limestone of cement raw materials, so that the mass produced can be recycled to solve problems such as the environment caused by landfill or storage of chemical plaster, and the cement factory has no CO 2 emission of limestone pyrolysis. It is possible to commercialize by reducing global warming and recovering SO 3 of exhaust gas as sulfuric acid.

1. 인산석고를 900℃에서 2시간 가열하고 200mesh로 체별하여 1000g을 10℃/분 속 도로 1400℃로 승온하며 중량을 측정하였으며 결과는 다음과 같이 열분해로 감 량되었다.1. Phosphate gypsum was heated at 900℃ for 2 hours, separated by 200mesh, and 1000g was heated to 1400℃ at 10℃/minute and weight was measured. The result was reduced by thermal decomposition as follows.

1180℃-1000g, 1200℃-980g, 1300℃-920g, 1400℃-700g 1180℃-1000g, 1200℃-980g, 1300℃-920g, 1400℃-700g

이론적 44% 감량 후의 잔량 560g 까지의 미감량 140g은 1400℃ 이상에서 경시하 여 감량이 610g 까지 완성었다. 미감량 50g은 R2O3 및 SiO2등 불순물로 판단된다.After the theoretical 44% weight loss, the remaining weight loss of 140g up to 560g was overlooked at 1400°C or more and the weight loss was completed to 610g. The unreduced 50 g is judged to be impurities such as R 2 O 3 and SiO 2 .

2. 전기로 온도를 1450℃로 승온 후 시료를 냉각하고 시료에 물을 첨가하여 발열반 응됨 으로 석고가 생석회(CaO)로 열분해 되었음이 검사되었다2. After heating the furnace temperature to 1450℃, the sample was cooled and water was added to the sample, and it was examined that the gypsum was thermally decomposed into quicklime (CaO) due to the exothermic reaction.

Claims (2)

석고를 시멘트제조용 원료로 사용하는 것;
상기 석고는 천연석고와 화학석고인 탈황석고 및 인산석고, 티탄석고, 불산 석고인 것을 특징으로 하는것.Using gypsum as a raw material for the manufacture of cement;
The gypsum is characterized in that the natural gypsum and chemical gypsum, desulfurized gypsum, phosphate gypsum, titanium gypsum, and hydrofluoric gypsum. 제1항에서 석고를 시멘트원료로 시멘트소성로에서 소성시 석고가 분해되어 배기가스로 배출되는 SO3를 물과 반응하여 황산을 제조하는 방법.

A method for producing sulfuric acid by reacting SO 3 discharged as exhaust gas by decomposition of gypsum when calcined in a cement firing furnace as a cement raw material in claim 1 and discharged into exhaust gas.

KR1020190004174A 2019-01-11 2019-01-11 The Using Method of Gypsum for Cement Raw Material KR20200087622A (en)

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Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
1. 포틀랜드시멘트와 주요 수경성 화합물(저자 최상흘)
2. セメント.セツコウ.石灰 ハンドブック 無機マテリアル學會編 技報堂出版

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