KR20200077770A - Apparatus for producing hydrogen - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing steam. The apparatus for producing hydrogen includes: a water supply unit for supplying water to be heated; a steam generator that incinerates the combustible waste and generates and discharges first steam using heat generated by the incineration; a reheating unit for reheating the first steam generated by the steam generator to increase temperature and pressure of the first steam, thereby discharging second steam; a hydrogen production unit for producing hydrogen by performing water-electrolysis treatment to the second steam discharged from the reheating unit; a first steam supply pipe for moving the first steam from the steam generator to the reheating unit; and a second steam supply pipe for moving the second steam from the reheating unit to the hydrogen production unit while maintaining the temperature of the second steam. According to the present invention, steam is produced by using heat obtained by incinerating waste, and, after heating the steam produced by using fossil fuels, hydrogen can be produced by water-electrolysis treatment.

Description

Hydrogen generator {Apparatus for producing hydrogen}

The present invention relates to a hydrogen generating device, and more particularly, to a hydrogen generating device capable of producing hydrogen by generating steam using heat obtained by incineration of waste and receiving and treating the generated steam.

It has been proposed to produce hydrogen and use it as energy in a way to mitigate this in a situation where global warming becomes serious due to excessive use of fossil fuels.

Hydrogen is easily recognized as a clean energy source such as general fuel, hydrogen automobile, hydrogen airplane, fuel cell, and fusion energy because combustion is easy, heat of combustion is large, and no pollutants are generated.

As a general method for generating hydrogen, there are techniques for producing hydrogen by thermal decomposition and gasification from fossil fuels, and methods for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, but the problem is that energy consumption is large.

According to the data of "Jensen et. al, IJHE 2007", the amount of electricity consumed by electrolysis of liquid water to produce hydrogen is 3.57~4.46 kWh/㎥.H2, but the steam at 700℃ is 2.4 kWh/㎥.H _2, thus reducing electricity consumption. This is about 32.8-46.2%. Therefore, in order to produce steam while consuming the lowest energy, when the steam is produced at a low pressure and temperature (approximately 200℃) in an existing incinerator and then heated again to 700℃ using fossil fuel, fossil fuel consumption is about 73. % Savings. Therefore, since about 27% of fossil fuels are used and high-temperature steam required by the water electrolysis system can be produced, considering the low power consumption rate of the water electrolysis system, the fossil fuel energy consumed compared to the energy of electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen Considering the quantity and the low power consumption of the water electrolytic device, the overall energy saving is about 5.8~19.2%.

However, since the carbon generated in the process of generating hydrogen using fossil fuel generates carbon dioxide, which is a cause of global warming, as described above, there is a problem that hydrogen production using fossil fuel generates pollutants.

Therefore, there is a need to develop a technology capable of reducing the generation of pollutants and producing hydrogen.

Meanwhile, as of 2015, the total amount of combustible waste generated in Korea was 21.11 million tons. Among them, the amount generated from household waste was 6.68 million tons, the amount from business waste was 14.39 million tons, and the amount from construction waste was 9.45 million tons.

Conventionally, only a method of treating combustible wastes by simple incineration is used, but since the heat generated during incineration is only dissipated into the atmosphere without additional use, it is necessary to develop a technology to treat it.

As a prior art for the present invention, Patent Publication No. 1999-74976 can be exemplified.

The present invention has been devised to solve the above-mentioned problems, and produces steam using heat obtained by incineration of waste, and after heating the produced steam using fossil fuel, hydrogen can be produced by a water electrolysis process. It is an object to provide a hydrogen production device.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is an apparatus for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of steam, a water supply unit for supplying water to be heated; A steam generating unit that incinerates combustible wastes and generates and discharges first steam using heat generated by incineration; A reheating unit for reheating the first steam generated in the steam generating unit to increase temperature and pressure to discharge the second steam; A hydrogen production unit for producing hydrogen by receiving and electrolyzing the second vapor discharged from the reheating unit; A first steam supply pipe moving the first steam from the steam generator to the reheater; And a second steam supply pipe that maintains and moves the temperature of the second steam from the reheating unit to the hydrogen production unit.

It may further include a compression unit for compressing the water supplied from the water supply unit to supply to the steam generating unit.

The temperature of the first steam may be 180 to 220°C.

The first steam supply pipe may be insulated on the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface.

The reheating unit may include a boiler operated by fossil fuel.

The temperature of the second steam may be 700 to 800°C.

The second steam supply pipe has a constant diameter, a first unit supply pipe through which the second steam moves, a vacuum unit, and a second unit supply pipe through which the first unit supply pipe is disposed, The second unit supply pipe is disposed inside, and a third unit supply pipe through which a portion of the second steam discharged from the reheating portion moves and a portion of the second vapor discharged from the reheating portion is disposed toward the hydrogen production unit. The fourth unit supply pipe supplying to the third unit supply pipe through the end of the third unit supply pipe becomes one end connected to the end of the third unit supply pipe connected to the reheating unit side, and the other end connected to the reheating unit side Connected to an end of the first steam supply pipe, the second steam used in the third unit supply pipe may include a fifth unit supply pipe circulating to the reheating unit.

The diameter of the third unit supply pipe may be three or more times the diameter of the first unit supply pipe.

The movement direction of the second steam in the third unit supply pipe may be opposite to the movement direction of the second vapor in the first unit supply pipe.

The present invention as described above, by using the heat obtained by incineration of the waste to produce steam, by heating the steam produced using fossil fuel, it is possible to produce hydrogen by a water electrolysis process.

1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a hydrogen generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of part A in FIG. 1 in detail.
3 is a table showing energy required for hydrogen production by steam electrolysis treatment.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a hydrogen generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing in detail the configuration of part A of FIG.

1 and 2, the hydrogen generating apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a water supply unit 110, a steam generating unit 120, a reheating unit 130, a hydrogen production unit 140, and It includes a first steam supply pipe 150 and a second steam supply pipe (160).

The water supply unit 110 supplies water used for generating steam.

The water supplied through the water supply unit 110 may be compressed to a predetermined level and then supplied to the steam generator 130 described later. To this end, a compression unit (not shown) for compressing and supplying water supplied from the water supply unit 110 may be further included. The compression unit may perform compression of water used for steam generation using a centrifugal multistage pump.

The centrifugal multistage pump is a well-known and well-known technique, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The steam generating unit 120 burns combustible waste generated in the living environment or industrial site, and uses the heat obtained by combustion of the combustible waste to remove the water supplied from the water supply unit 110 with a predetermined temperature and pressure. 1 Generated by steam.

The steam generating unit 120 includes an incinerator in which combustible wastes are incinerated, and a heat exchanger for heat exchange between heat generated during incineration and water supplied from the water supply unit 110.

The heat exchanger allows heat generated during incineration in the incinerator 132 and water supplied from the water supply unit 110 to exchange heat with each other, so that water is converted into first steam.

Here, it is preferable that the incinerator is manufactured to have durability against the pressure of the supplied water. In addition, it is preferable that the combustible waste used for combustion is dried to a level suitable for combustion using a predetermined dryer.

In addition, the low calorific value of combustible waste is about 2,500 to 4,000 kcal, and 5 to 30 mass% of moisture and 20 to 40 mass% of ash and non-combustible material are included, resulting in poor combustibility.

Therefore, the temperature of the first steam generated in the steam generator 120 using combustible waste is preferably 180 to 220°C. More preferably, the temperature of the first steam may be 200°C.

Also, the first vapor may have a predetermined pressure.

The following [Table 1] shows the enthalpy value according to the temperature when the first vapor pressure is 3 bar.

Enthalpy required to produce 3 bar superheated steam Superheated steam temperature (℃) Enthalpy (kcal/kg) 133.6 (saturation temperature) 650.9 200 684.4 300 733.1 500 832.6 600 884.5 700 938.0 800 993.1

As described above, if the temperature of the first steam is set to 200°C or higher, the enthalpy required for steam production is increased, so the temperature of the first steam is preferably 200°C. In addition, the pressure of the first steam is also preferably set to 3 bar.

The first steam supply pipe 150 is a pipe having a predetermined diameter and length, and supplies the first steam generated by the steam generator 120 to the reheating unit 130 to be described later.

It is preferable that the first steam supply pipe 150 performs an adiabatic treatment on the inner wall and the outer wall, so that the temperature drop of the first steam is prevented in the process of supplying the first steam.

The reheating unit 130 heats the first steam generated in the steam generating unit 130 to produce and discharge high-temperature second steam having a temperature higher than the temperature of the first steam.

The reheating unit 130 heats the first steam using combustion heat obtained by burning fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal, and discharges the second steam whose temperature has increased.

The reheating unit 130 includes a boiler using fossil fuel.

Since the combustible waste has relatively low heat and combustibility, it is difficult to obtain high-temperature steam only by burning combustible waste, and the reheating unit 130 preferably uses fossil fuels such as coal and oil.

Therefore, after mass production of low-temperature and low-pressure steam using combustible waste with low heat and low combustibility, fossil fuel is used to generate steam at the temperature and pressure required by power generation and industry. Therefore, the fuel saving effect is higher than that of generating steam at the required temperature and pressure.

The temperature of the second steam discharged from the reheating unit 130 is preferably 700 to 800°C.

3 is a graph showing the power consumption rate in the hydrogen production unit according to the temperature of the steam.

Referring to FIG. 3, it can be seen that as the temperature of the steam increases, power required for hydrogen production in the hydrogen production unit 140 described later decreases. In addition, since the energy required to increase the temperature of the steam increases as the temperature of the steam increases, it can be seen that when considering the overall energy consumption, the temperature of the second steam is preferably 700 to 800°C. have.

The second steam supply pipe 160 supplies the hydrogen production unit 140 to be described later in a state in which the temperature of the second steam discharged from the reheating unit 130 is maintained.

The second steam supply pipe 160 is configured as follows to maintain the temperature of the second steam in the process of supplying the second steam.

The second steam supply pipe 160 includes a first unit supply pipe 160A, a second unit supply pipe 160B, a third unit supply pipe 160C, a fourth unit supply pipe 160D, and a fifth unit supply pipe 160E. .

The first unit supply pipe 160A is a pipe having a predetermined diameter, and the second steam moves from the reheating unit 130 to the hydrogen production unit 140 described later.

The second unit supply pipe 160B is a pipe having a predetermined diameter, and the first unit supply pipe 160A is disposed on the central axis.

The space between the inner circumferential surface of the second unit supply pipe 160B and the outer circumferential surface of the first unit supply pipe 160A is maintained in a vacuum so that heat of the second vapor moving along the first unit supply pipe 160A is not dissipated. .

The third unit supply pipe 160C is a pipe having a predetermined diameter, and the second unit supply pipe 160B is disposed on the central axis.

A portion of the second steam discharged from the reheating unit 130 is introduced into the space between the inner circumferential surface of the third unit supply pipe 160C and the outer circumferential surface of the second unit supply pipe 160B, along the first unit supply pipe 160A. Prevent the heat of the moving second steam from dissipating.

The fourth unit supply pipe 160D, one end is connected to the reheating unit 130, and the other end is connected to one end of the third unit supply pipe 160C, which is disposed toward the hydrogen production unit 140, which will be described later. The fourth unit supply pipe 160D supplies a part of the second steam discharged from the reheating unit 130 into the third unit supply pipe 160C.

The fifth unit supply pipe 160E, one end is connected to one end of the third unit supply pipe 160C, which is disposed toward the reheating unit 130, and the other end is connected to one end of the first steam supply pipe 150.

The fifth unit supply pipe 160E heats the heat of the second steam moving between the inner circumferential surface of the third unit supply pipe 160C and the outer circumferential surface of the second unit supply pipe 160B to the atmosphere, and after the temperature decreases, the reheating unit ( 130).

A portion of the second steam reheated by the reheating unit 130 may be supplied again between the inner circumferential surface of the third unit supply pipe 160C and the outer circumferential surface of the second unit supply pipe 160B. In addition, a portion of the reheated second steam may be supplied to the transport production unit 140.

The hydrogen production unit 140 generates hydrogen by receiving and processing the second steam supplied through the second steam supply pipe 160.

The water electrolysis treatment is a process of applying a predetermined power to the steam and separating and discharging the steam into hydrogen and oxygen. Since it is a well-known technique, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In the present invention, steam can be produced using heat obtained by incineration of waste, and the steam produced using fossil fuel may be heated to produce hydrogen by a water electrolysis process.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, these are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and equivalent other embodiments are possible therefrom. Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical spirit of the appended claims.

100: hydrogen generator 110: water supply
120: steam generating unit 130: reheating unit
140: hydrogen production unit 150: the first steam supply pipe
160: second steam supply pipe (including the first to fifth unit supply pipes)

Claims (9)

A device that produces hydrogen by electrolysis of steam,
A water supply unit supplying water to be heated;
A steam generating unit that incinerates combustible wastes and generates and discharges first steam using heat generated by incineration;
A reheating unit for reheating the first steam generated in the steam generating unit to increase temperature and pressure to discharge the second steam;
A hydrogen production unit for producing hydrogen by receiving and electrolyzing the second vapor discharged from the reheating unit;
A first steam supply pipe moving the first steam from the steam generator to the reheater; And
And a second steam supply pipe for maintaining and moving the temperature of the second steam from the reheating unit to the hydrogen production unit. According to claim 1,
Hydrogen production apparatus further comprises a compression unit for compressing the water supplied from the water supply unit to supply to the steam generator. According to claim 1,
The temperature of the first steam, 180 ~ 220 ℃ hydrogen production apparatus. According to claim 1,
The first steam supply pipe,
Hydrogen production equipment insulated on inner and outer surfaces. According to claim 1,
The reheating unit,
Hydrogen production apparatus including a boiler operated by fossil fuels. According to claim 1,
According to claim 1,
The temperature of the second steam is 700 ~ 800 ℃ hydrogen production apparatus. According to claim 1,
The second steam supply pipe,
A first unit supply pipe having a constant diameter, and the second steam moves to the inside,
A second unit supply pipe that provides a vacuum atmosphere, and on which the first unit supply pipe is disposed;
A third unit supply pipe in which the second unit supply pipe is disposed inward, and a part of the second steam discharged from the reheating unit moves;
A fourth unit supply pipe supplying a portion of the second steam discharged from the reheating unit to the third unit supply pipe through an end of the third unit supply pipe disposed toward the hydrogen production unit;
One end is connected to the end of the third unit supply pipe connected to the reheating unit side, and the other end is connected to the end of the first steam supply pipe connected to the reheating unit side, the second steam used in the third unit supply pipe Hydrogen production apparatus including a fifth unit supply pipe for circulating to the reheating unit. The method of claim 7,
The third unit supply pipe has a diameter of at least three times the diameter of the first unit supply pipe. The method of claim 8,
A hydrogen production apparatus in which the movement direction of the second steam in the third unit supply pipe is opposite to a movement direction of the second vapor in the first unit supply pipe.

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