KR20200071613A - Boil-off gas recondenser with pche installed inside for partial liquefaction of boil-off gas - Google Patents
Boil-off gas recondenser with pche installed inside for partial liquefaction of boil-off gas Download PDFInfo
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- KR20200071613A KR20200071613A KR1020180159519A KR20180159519A KR20200071613A KR 20200071613 A KR20200071613 A KR 20200071613A KR 1020180159519 A KR1020180159519 A KR 1020180159519A KR 20180159519 A KR20180159519 A KR 20180159519A KR 20200071613 A KR20200071613 A KR 20200071613A
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- DDTVVMRZNVIVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yloxy)-1-cyclopentyl-1-phenylethanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1N(CC2)CCC2C1OCC(O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1CCCC1 DDTVVMRZNVIVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 57
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
- F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0093—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
- F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0061—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for phase-change applications
- F28D2021/0063—Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
- F28F2260/02—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 증발가스 부분액화를 위한 PCHE 내장형 LNG 증발가스 재응축 장치에 관한 것으로서, 보다 구체적으로는, 청정연료로 부상하는 LNG 연료의 증발가스를 재응축하기 위해 사용되는 BOG Recondenser(증발가스 재응축기) 내부에 인입되는 BOG(Boil-off Gas, 증발가스)를 고압 LNG의 냉열을 이용하여 부분액화하여 증발가스 재응축 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 증발가스 부분액화를 위한 PCHE 내장형 LNG 증발가스 재응축 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a PCHE built-in LNG evaporation gas recondensing device for partial liquefaction of evaporation gas, and more specifically, a BOG Recondenser (evaporation gas recondenser) used to recondense evaporation gas of LNG fuel that emerges as clean fuel. ) Boche (Boil-off Gas, boil-off gas), which is introduced inside, is partially liquefied by using cold heat of high-pressure LNG. It is about.
일반적으로, LNG는 기존의 화석연료 대비 SOx, NOx 및 이산화탄소 등의 유해물질 및 온실가스를 저감시킬 수 있는 청정연료로 부상하고 있으며 육상뿐만 아니라 해양, 즉 조선 및 선박 분야에서도 활용처가 매우 넓어지고 있는 추세이다. In general, LNG has emerged as a clean fuel capable of reducing harmful substances such as SOx, NOx and carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases compared to existing fossil fuels, and its application is very wide in the land, as well as in the marine, ie shipbuilding and shipping sectors. Trend.
LNG는 대기압 조건에서 -162 °C의 초저온 액체상태로 존재하며, 초저온 탱크 내부에 저장된 후에 개별 수요처에 공급된다. 참고로 주요 수요처로 연결되는 천연가스의 주배관 공급망의 압력은 개별 나라마다 다르나 통상 70~120 bar 범위에서 운영되고 있다.LNG exists as a cryogenic liquid at -162 °C under atmospheric pressure, and is stored inside the cryogenic tank before being supplied to individual customers. For reference, the pressure of the main pipeline supply chain of natural gas to main customers varies from country to country, but it is usually operated in the range of 70 to 120 bar.
저장탱크 내부에 저장된 LNG는 단열재 사용을 통해 열유입이 억제되어 있으나 대기온과 탱크 내부의 온도차이로 인해 불가피하게 열유입이 될 수밖에 없으며, 최근 단열기술의 발달로 선박에 사용되는 멤브레인 탱크의 경우 일일 기준 저장된 LNG의 0.15% vol%가 증발되어는 것으로 알려져 있다. 증발된 증발가스는 BOG 압축기에 의해 압축되며, 탱크에 저장된 LNG는 저압펌프 및 고압펌프를 통해 주배관 공급망의 압력으로 승압된 후, 기화되어 송출된다.LNG stored inside the storage tank is restricted to heat inflow through the use of insulation, but due to the difference in air temperature and the temperature inside the tank, heat is inevitably inevitable. It is known that 0.15% vol% of stored LNG is evaporated on a daily basis. The evaporated boil-off gas is compressed by the BOG compressor, and the LNG stored in the tank is boosted to the pressure of the main pipe supply chain through a low pressure pump and a high pressure pump, and then vaporized and sent.
BOG Recondenser는 저압펌프로 1차 승압된 LNG와 가압된 BOG를 서로 직접 접촉시킴으로써 LNG의 과냉(Sub-cooled)된 현열(Sensible heat)로 BOG를 냉각/액화하는 장치이다. BOG Recondenser 자체는 개발되어 사용된지 20년이 넘는 기술이다. The BOG Recondenser is a device that cools/liquefies BOG with the sub-cooled sensible heat of LNG by directly contacting the pressurized BOG and the first boosted LNG with a low pressure pump. BOG Recondenser itself has been developed and used for over 20 years.
BOG Recondenser는 통상적으로 운전압력 4~9 barg 범위에서 작동하며 이 때 예상되는 문제로 압축된 BOG를 액화시키기 위해 최소한의 LNG가 BOG Recondenser로 공급되어야 한다는 점이다. 통상적으로 육상 또는 해상의 LNG 저장탱크에서는 수요에 따라 LNG 공급량이 조절되는데 BOG를 액화시키기 위한 최소한의 LNG양이 최저 수요에 따른 최저 LNG 공급량 보다 클 경우, 작은 LNG 유량으로 인해 BOG를 전부 액화하지 못하거나, 또는 액화시키지 못한 BOG를 처분해야하는 문제가 생긴다. BOG를 전부 액화하지 못해 탱크 내부에 BOG를 저장할 경우 탱크 내부의 압력이 높아져 안전상의 위험도가 높아지며, BOG를 태우거나 대기중으로 방출시키는 방법등으로 처분할 경우에도 태우는데 비용이 소모되는 단점과 관련된 시설을 설치해야 하는 단점이 있으며 대기 방출의 경우에도 막대한 비용의 천연가스를 대기중으로 버리는 결과이므로 결국 비용 효율적이지 못하다. 따라서 BOG Recondenser에서 BOG 액화에 소요되는 저압 LNG (4~9 barg)의 양을 줄이기 위한 노력이 지속되어 왔으며 이를 위한 방법 중의 하나로 BOG Recondenser 전단에 BOG 냉각용 Pre-cooler를 두어 BOG를 냉각시키는 방안이 제시된 바 있다. Pre-cooler에서 BOG를 냉각시키는데 필요한 냉열은 LNG 고압 펌프에서 토출되는 압력 70~120bar의 고압 LNG의 과냉열이며, 이를 이용함으로써 BOG의 온도를 포화온도까지 내리는 방안이 제시되었다. 하지만 Pre-cooler를 BOG Recondenser 전단에 별도로 설치하는 열교환기 시스템으로 설계할 경우, 만에 하나 Pre-cooler에서 BOG가 부분적으로 액화되었을 때 Precooler와 BOG Recondenser 사이의 배관에서 이상유동(Two-phase flow), 즉 기체상태인 BOG와 BOG가 액화된 LNG가 함께 흐르는 유동이 발생함으로 인해, 해당 배관에서 진동, 소음이 발생할 수 있다. 또한 이상유동이 발생할 경우, 배관내부에서 기체는 흐르고 있는데 반해 액체는 상승하지 못하고 정체되는 상황이 생길 수 있고, 이에 따라 슬러그 유동(Slug flow)이 발생하여 후단의 BOG Recondenser 내부로 급작스럽게 감당할 수 없을 만큼의 액유동(Liquid slug)이 인입하는 문제가 발생할 수 있어, 결국 이러한 액유동(Liquid slug)을 감당할 수 있도록 BOG Recondenser의 크기를 늘려야 하는 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 또한 이러한 문제를 예상하여 Pre-cooler를 BOG Recondenser 상부에 둘 경우에는 BOG Recondenser 상부에 또다른 시스템을 설치하여 위험도가 증가하는 문제가 발생하고, 이를 해결하기 위해 별도의 구조물을 설치해야 한다는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 이러한 문제점을 해결한 Pre-cooler와 BOG Recondenser의 통합 시스템이 필요한 실정이다.The BOG Recondenser normally operates in the operating pressure range of 4 to 9 barg, and the expected problem is that at least LNG must be supplied to the BOG Recondenser to liquefy the compressed BOG. Usually, LNG supply volume is adjusted according to demand in LNG storage tanks onshore or offshore. If the minimum amount of LNG for liquefying BOG is greater than the minimum LNG supply according to the minimum demand, all of the BOG cannot be liquefied due to the small LNG flow rate. Or, there is a problem of disposing of BOG that has not been liquefied. If the BOG is not fully liquefied and the BOG is stored inside the tank, the pressure inside the tank increases, leading to increased safety risks, and a facility related to the disadvantage of costly burning even when disposed of by burning BOG or discharging it into the atmosphere. There is a disadvantage of having to install the air, and even in the case of air emission, it is a result of throwing a huge amount of natural gas into the atmosphere, so it is not cost-effective. Therefore, efforts have been made to reduce the amount of low-pressure LNG (4~9 barg) required for liquefying BOG in the BOG Recondenser, and one of the methods is to cool the BOG by placing a pre-cooler for cooling the BOG in front of the BOG Recondenser. It has been presented. The cooling heat required to cool the BOG in the pre-cooler is the supercooling heat of the high-pressure LNG at a pressure of 70 to 120 bar discharged from the LNG high-pressure pump, and by using this, a method of lowering the temperature of the BOG to the saturation temperature was proposed. However, if the pre-cooler is designed as a heat exchanger system that is installed separately at the front end of the BOG Recondenser, but when the BOG is partially liquefied in the Pre-cooler, two-phase flow in the pipe between the Precooler and the BOG Recondenser That is, due to the flow in which the gaseous BOG and the LNG in which the BOG is liquefied flow together, vibration and noise may occur in the corresponding pipe. In addition, when an abnormal flow occurs, the gas flows inside the pipe, but the liquid may not rise and stagnation may occur. Accordingly, a slug flow occurs, and thus it cannot be handled suddenly into the rear BOG Recondenser. As a result, as many liquid flows (liquid slugs) may be introduced, a problem in which the size of the BOG Recondenser needs to be increased may eventually occur. In addition, if the pre-cooler is placed on the top of the BOG Recondenser in anticipation of this problem, another system is installed on the top of the BOG Recondenser to increase the risk, and there is a problem that a separate structure must be installed to solve the problem. . Therefore, an integrated system of Pre-cooler and BOG Recondenser that solves these problems is needed.
본 발명은 전술한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로, 청정연료로 부상하는 LNG 연료의 증발가스를 재응축하기 위해 사용되는 BOG Recondenser(증발가스 재응축기) 내부에 인입되는 BOG(Boil-off Gas, 증발가스)를 고압 LNG의 냉열을 이용하여 부분액화하여 증발가스 재응축 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 증발가스 부분액화를 위한 PCHE 내장형 LNG 증발가스 재응축 장치를 제공하고자 한다.The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, BOG (Boil-off Gas, boil-off gas) introduced into the BOG Recondenser (evaporation gas re-condenser) used to re-condensate the boil-off gas of LNG fuel emerging as clean fuel ) Is to provide a PCHE built-in LNG evaporation gas re-condensing device for partial liquefaction of evaporated gas that can improve the re-condensation performance of evaporated gas by partially liquefying the heat of high pressure LNG.
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 증발가스 부분액화를 위한 PCHE 내장형 LNG 증발가스 재응축 장치는 LNG 저장탱크의 내측 상부에 설치되며, 증발가스(BOG) 인입배관과 연결되도록 설치되는 열교환기, 상기 열교환기의 상부 일측으로부터 연장되며, 상기 LNG 저장탱크의 상부 외측으로 돌출되도록 설치되는 LNG 인입배관 및 상기 열교환기의 하부 일측으로부터 연장되며, 상기 LNG 저장탱크의 상부 외측으로 돌출되도록 설치되는 LNG 토출배관을 포함하며, 상기 증발가스 인입배관을 통해 상기 열교환기로 인입된 증발가스는, 상기 LNG 인입배관을 통해 상기 열교환기로 인입된 LNG의 냉열을 통해 냉각 및 액화되어 상기 열교환기의 하측에 마련된 기체액체 분배기로 낙하되는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.PCHE built-in LNG boil-off gas re-condensing device for partial liquefaction of boil-off gas according to an embodiment of the present invention is installed inside the upper portion of the LNG storage tank and is installed to be connected to boil-off gas (BOG) inlet pipe, the heat exchange An LNG inlet pipe extending from one side of the upper side of the machine and installed to protrude outwardly to the upper side of the LNG storage tank and an LNG discharge pipe extending from the lower side of the heat exchanger and installed to protrude outwardly to the upper side of the LNG storage tank. Included, the boil-off gas introduced into the heat exchanger through the boil-off gas inlet pipe, is cooled and liquefied through the cold heat of LNG introduced into the heat exchanger through the LNG inlet pipe to the gas-liquid distributor provided below the heat exchanger It may be characterized by falling.
일 실시예에서, 상기 열교환기는 마이크로 채널 열교환기(PCHE) 인 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.In one embodiment, the heat exchanger may be characterized as a micro-channel heat exchanger (PCHE).
일 실시예에서, 상기 열교환기는 모재(base meterial)인 금속 박판에 유로를 화학적 에칭(chemical etching) 방식으로 식각하여 유로를 식각한 후, 식각된 금속 박판을 확산 접합(diffusion bonding)하여 제작되며, 액화된 증발가스가 상기 열교환기로부터 배출되기 위한 분배기가 용접되는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.In one embodiment, the heat exchanger is manufactured by etching a flow path by etching a flow path on a metal thin plate, which is a base meterial, by chemical etching, followed by diffusion bonding the etched metal thin plate, It may be characterized in that the distributor for liquefied boil-off gas is discharged from the heat exchanger is welded.
일 실시예에서, 상기 열교환기는 상기 증발가스 인입배관의 노즐면에 용접되고, 상기 LNG 인입배관 및 LNG 토출배관은 각각 상기 열교환기의 외측면에 용접되는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.In one embodiment, the heat exchanger may be welded to the nozzle surface of the boil-off gas inlet pipe, and the LNG inlet pipe and the LNG outlet pipe may be respectively welded to the outer surface of the heat exchanger.
일 실시예에서, 상기 열교환기의 하측으로 토출 및 낙하되는 액화된 증발가스의 양을 측정하는 액화 증발가스 측정부를 더 포함하며, 상기 액화 증발가스 측정부는 상기 액화된 증발가스의 양이 임계값 이하인 경우, 상기 LNG 인입배관을 통해 인입되는 LNG 양을 증가시키는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.In one embodiment, further comprising a liquefied evaporation gas measurement unit for measuring the amount of liquefied evaporation gas discharged and dropped to the lower side of the heat exchanger, the liquefied evaporation gas measurement unit is less than the threshold value of the liquefied evaporation gas In this case, it may be characterized by increasing the amount of LNG drawn in through the LNG inlet pipe.
본 발명의 일 측면에 따르면, 기존의 Pre-cooler에서 증발가스가 부분재액화 함에 따라 Pre-cooler와 증발가스 재응축기 사이에 발생되는 이상유동으로 인한 문제점을 해결하고, 이에 따라 Pre-cooler에서는 증발가스가 액화됨에 구애받지 않고 고압 LNG의 과냉열을 활용하여 증발가스를 부분 또는 완전 액화시킬 수 있으며, Pre-cooler & 증발가스 재응축기를 독립적으로 설치할 때 보다 공간효율이 높아지는 이점을 가진다.According to one aspect of the present invention, as the evaporation gas is partially re-liquefied in the existing pre-cooler, the problem caused by the abnormal flow generated between the pre-cooler and the evaporator re-condenser is solved, and accordingly, the pre-cooler evaporates. Regardless of the gas being liquefied, it is possible to partially or completely liquefy the evaporated gas by utilizing the supercooled heat of high-pressure LNG, and has the advantage of higher space efficiency when independently installing the pre-cooler & evaporative gas recondenser.
또한 본 발명의 일 측면에 따르면, 증발가스가 충분히 냉각되지 않거나 액화되지 않을 경우, 고압 LNG의 유량을 증가시킴으로써 열교환기에서 소요되는 냉각성능을 적절하게 증가시킬 수 있으며, 소량의 LNG 유량 소모로 인해 에너지 효율이 높아지고 또한 그에 따른 열교환기 자체 크기가 줄어드는 이점을 가진다.In addition, according to one aspect of the present invention, when the evaporation gas is not sufficiently cooled or liquefied, the cooling performance required in the heat exchanger can be appropriately increased by increasing the flow rate of high pressure LNG, and due to the consumption of a small amount of LNG flow rate It has the advantage of increasing energy efficiency and thus reducing the size of the heat exchanger itself.
또한 본 발명의 일 측면에 따르면, 열교환기가 증발가스 재응축기 내부에 설치됨에 따라, 열교환기의 고장으로 인한 파공, 파괴 등의 문제가 발생하더라도 증발가스 재응축기 자체가 밀폐된 압력용기임으로 인해 외부환경으로 LNG가 누출되지 않는 이점을 가진다.In addition, according to an aspect of the present invention, as the heat exchanger is installed inside the evaporator gas recondenser, even if problems such as breakage or destruction due to the failure of the heat exchanger occur, the evaporator gas recondenser itself is a sealed pressure vessel, so the external environment As it has the advantage of not leaking LNG.
또한 본 발명의 일 측면에 따르면, 열교환기가 증발가스 재응축기 내부에 설치됨에 따라 단열 필요성이 해결되며, 인입되는 고압, 과냉의 LNG에서 발생하는 열누설이 오히려 증발가스 재응축기 내부의 증발가스 온도를 냉각시켜줌에 따라, 콜드박스가 설치될 별도의 공간이 사라지며 공간적 효율이 향상되는 이점을 가진다.In addition, according to an aspect of the present invention, as the heat exchanger is installed inside the evaporator gas recondenser, the need for heat insulation is solved, and heat leakage generated from the incoming high pressure, supercooled LNG rather reduces the temperature of the evaporation gas inside the evaporator recondenser. As it cools, the separate space where the cold box will be installed disappears and the spatial efficiency is improved.
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 증발가스 부분액화를 위한 PCHE 내장형 LNG 증발가스 재응축 장치(100)의 구성을 개략적으로 도시한 도면이다.1 is a view schematically showing the configuration of a PCHE built-in LNG boil-off
이하, 본 발명의 이해를 돕기 위하여 바람직한 실시예를 제시한다. 그러나 하기의 실시예는 본 발명을 보다 쉽게 이해하기 위하여 제공되는 것일 뿐, 실시예에 의해 본 발명의 내용이 한정되는 것은 아니다.Hereinafter, preferred embodiments are provided to help understanding of the present invention. However, the following examples are only provided to more easily understand the present invention, and the contents of the present invention are not limited by the examples.
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 증발가스 부분액화를 위한 PCHE 내장형 LNG 증발가스 재응축 장치(100)의 구성을 개략적으로 도시한 도면이다.1 is a view schematically showing the configuration of a PCHE built-in LNG boil-off
도 1을 살펴보면, 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 증발가스 부분액화를 위한 PCHE 내장형 LNG 증발가스 재응축 장치(100)는 크게 LNG 저장탱크의 내측 상부에 설치되는 열교환기(110), LNG 인입배관(120) 및 LNG 토출배관(130)을 포함하여 구성될 수 있다.Referring to Figure 1, PCHE built-in LNG boil-off
이때, LNG 저장탱크에는 저압 LNG 인입배관, 기체 액체 분배기, 패킹섹션, 포화 LNG 토출배관 등이 포함될 수 있다.At this time, the LNG storage tank may include a low pressure LNG inlet pipe, gas liquid distributor, packing section, saturated LNG discharge pipe, and the like.
열교환기(110)는 LNG 저장탱크의 내측 상부에서 증발가스(BOG) 인입배관과 연결되도록 설치되며, 후술되는 LNG 인입배관(120)을 통해 인입되는 LNG의 냉열을 이용하여 증발가스를 냉각 및 액화시키는 역할을 한다.The
이때, 열교환기(110)는 마이크로 채널 열교환기(PCHE)가 적용될 수 있다.At this time, the
마이크로 채널 열교환기(PCHE)는 모재(base meterial)인 금속 박판에 유로를 화학적 에칭(chemical etching) 방식으로 식각하여 유로를 형성한 후, 식각된 다수의 금속 박판을 서로 포갠 후 확산 접합(diffusion bonding)을 통해 제작된다. 이러한 마이크로 채널 열교환기에는 액화된 증발가스 및 액화된 LNG가 열교환기로부터 배출되기 위한 각각의 분배기가 용접되게 된다.The micro-channel heat exchanger (PCHE) forms a flow path by etching the flow path on a metal thin plate, which is a base meterial, by chemical etching, and then overlaps a plurality of etched metal thin plates with each other, followed by diffusion bonding. ). Each of the distributors for liquefied boil-off gas and liquefied LNG is discharged from the heat exchanger is welded to the micro-channel heat exchanger.
이러한 열교환기(110)는 증발가스 인입배관의 하측부 노즐면에 용접을 통해 고정됨에 따라, 증발가스 인입배관을 통해 인입되는 증발가스는 열교환기(110)를 통하게 된다.As the
LNG 인입배관(120)은 열교환기(110)의 몸체 외측에서 상부에 연결되는데, 열교환기(110)의 상부 일측으로부터 연장되어 단부가 LNG 저장탱크의 상부 외측으로 돌출되도록 설치된다.The
LNG 토출배관(130)은 열교환기(110)의 몸체 외측에서 하부에 연결되는데, 열교환기(110)의 하부 일측으로부터 연장되어 단부가 LNG 저장탱크의 상부 외측으로 돌출되도록 설치된다.The
즉, LNG 인입배관(120)을 통해 인입되는 LNG는 열교환기(110)를 거쳐 LNG 토출배관(130)을 통해 LNG 저장탱크의 외부로 토출되는데, 이 과정에서 LNG가 가지는 냉열에 의해 열교환기(110) 내로 인입되는 증발가스가 냉각 및 액화된다.That is, the LNG introduced through the
또한, 열교환기(110)에는 액화된 증발가스가 하부로 낙하하되 LNG 저장탱크 내부에 마련된 기체 액체 분배기에 낙하되도록 하는 분배기(미도시)가 용접 설치될 수 있다.In addition, a distributor (not shown) may be installed in the
일 실시예에서, 본원발명은 열교환기(110)의 하측으로 노출 및 낙하되는 액화된 증발가스의 양을 측정하는 액화 증발가스 측정부(미도시)를 더 포함할 수 있다. 액화 증발가스 측정부는 액화된 증발가스의 양이 임계값 이하인 경우, LNG 인입배관(120)을 통해 인입되는 LNG 양을 증가시킴으로써 냉각성능을 증가시킬 수 있다.In one embodiment, the present invention may further include a liquefied evaporation gas measurement unit (not shown) for measuring the amount of liquefied evaporation gas exposed and dropped to the lower side of the
상기에서는 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 참조하여 설명하였지만, 해당 기술 분야의 숙련된 당업자는 하기의 청구의 범위에 기재된 본 발명의 사상 및 영역으로부터 벗어나지 않는 범위 내에서 본 발명을 다양하게 수정 및 변경시킬 수 있음을 이해할 수 있을 것이다.Although described above with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art may variously modify and change the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. You will understand that you can.
100: 증발가스 부분액화를 위한 PCHE 내장형 LNG 증발가스 재응축 장치
110: 열교환기
120: LNG 인입배관
130: LNG 토출배관100: PCHE built-in LNG evaporation gas recondensing device for partial liquefaction of evaporation gas
110: heat exchanger
120: LNG inlet pipe
130: LNG discharge pipe
Claims (5)
상기 열교환기의 상부 일측으로부터 연장되며, 상기 LNG 저장탱크의 상부 외측으로 돌출되도록 설치되는 LNG 인입배관; 및
상기 열교환기의 하부 일측으로부터 연장되며, 상기 LNG 저장탱크의 상부 외측으로 돌출되도록 설치되는 LNG 토출배관;을 포함하며,
상기 증발가스 인입배관을 통해 상기 열교환기로 인입된 증발가스는, 상기 LNG 인입배관을 통해 상기 열교환기로 인입된 LNG의 냉열을 통해 냉각 및 액화되어 상기 열교환기의 하측에 마련된 기체액체 분배기로 낙하되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 증발가스 부분액화를 위한 PCHE 내장형 LNG 증발가스 재응축 장치.
A heat exchanger installed on an inner upper portion of the LNG storage tank and installed to be connected to a boil-off gas (BOG) inlet pipe;
An LNG inlet pipe extending from an upper side of the heat exchanger and installed to protrude to an upper outer side of the LNG storage tank; And
Includes; LNG discharge pipe extending from the lower side of the heat exchanger, and installed to protrude to the upper outside of the LNG storage tank;
The boil-off gas introduced into the heat exchanger through the boil-off gas inlet pipe is cooled and liquefied through the cold heat of LNG introduced into the heat exchanger through the LNG inlet pipe to be dropped into a gas-liquid distributor provided below the heat exchanger. Characterized, PCHE built-in LNG evaporation gas recondensing device for partial liquefaction of the evaporation gas.
상기 열교환기는,
마이크로 채널 열교환기(PCHE) 인 것을 특징으로 하는, 증발가스 부분액화를 위한 PCHE 내장형 LNG 증발가스 재응축 장치.
According to claim 1,
The heat exchanger,
It characterized in that the micro-channel heat exchanger (PCHE), PCHE built-in LNG evaporation gas re-condensation device for partial liquefaction of the evaporation gas.
상기 열교환기는,
모재(base meterial)인 금속 박판에 유로를 화학적 에칭(chemical etching) 방식으로 식각하여 유로를 식각한 후, 식각된 금속 박판을 확산 접합(diffusion bonding)하여 제작되며, 액화된 증발가스가 상기 열교환기로부터 배출되기 위한 분배기가 용접되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 증발가스 부분액화를 위한 PCHE 내장형 LNG 증발가스 재응축 장치.
According to claim 1,
The heat exchanger,
The flow path is etched by etching the flow path on a thin metal plate which is a base meterial by a chemical etching method, and then produced by diffusion bonding the etched metal thin plate, and the liquefied evaporation gas is the heat exchanger. It characterized in that the distributor for discharge from the welding, PCHE built-in LNG evaporation gas re-condensation device for partial liquefaction of the evaporation gas.
상기 열교환기는 상기 증발가스 인입배관의 노즐면에 용접되고,
상기 LNG 인입배관 및 LNG 토출배관은 각각 상기 열교환기의 외측면에 용접되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 증발가스 부분액화를 위한 PCHE 내장형 LNG 증발가스 재응축 장치.
According to claim 1,
The heat exchanger is welded to the nozzle surface of the evaporation gas inlet pipe,
The LNG inlet pipe and the LNG outlet pipe are each welded to the outer surface of the heat exchanger, PCHE built-in LNG boil-off gas re-condensation device for partial liquefaction of boil-off gas.
상기 열교환기의 하측으로 토출 및 낙하되는 액화된 증발가스의 양을 측정하는 액화 증발가스 측정부;를 더 포함하며,
상기 액화 증발가스 측정부는,
상기 액화된 증발가스의 양이 임계값 이하인 경우, 상기 LNG 인입배관을 통해 인입되는 LNG 양을 증가시키는 것을 특징으로 하는, 증발가스 부분액화를 위한 PCHE 내장형 LNG 증발가스 재응축 장치.According to claim 1,
Further comprising a liquefied boil-off gas measuring unit for measuring the amount of liquefied boil-off gas discharged and dropped to the lower side of the heat exchanger,
The liquefied evaporation gas measurement unit,
When the amount of the liquefied boil-off gas is less than or equal to a threshold, increasing the amount of LNG drawn through the LNG inlet pipe, PCHE built-in LNG boil-off gas condensation device for partial liquefaction of boil-off gas.
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